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Baris 1:
[[Berkas:Koppen-Geiger Map Am present.svg|ka|jmpl|400x400px|Zona iklim muson tropis (''Am'') di seluruh dunia.]]
'''Iklim muson tropis''' ({{lang-en|tropical monsoon climate}}; kadang-kadang dikenal sebagai '''iklim tropis basah''' atau '''iklim muson tropis dan pertukaran angin littoral''') adalah jenis [[iklim]] yang sesuai dengan [[klasifikasi iklim Köppen]] kategori "Am". Iklim muson tropis memiliki rata-rata bulanan suhu di atas 18 °C (64.4 °F) setiap bulan sepanjang tahun. Iklim muson tropis merupakan iklim di antara iklim basah ''Af'' (atau [[iklim hutan hujan tropis]]) dan ''Aw'' (atau [[iklim sabana tropis]]).
 
Namun, iklim muson tropis memiliki bulan terkering dengan rata-rata curah hujan kurang dari 60&nbsp;mm, tapi lebih dari <math display="inline">100-\left (\frac{Total\ Curah\ Hujan\ Tahunan\ (mm)}{25} \right)</math>.<ref name="McKnight">{{Cite book|title=Physical Geography: A Landscape Appreciation|url=https://archive.org/details/physicalgeographmckn|last=McKnight|first=Tom L|last2=Hess|first2=Darrel|publisher=Prentice Hall|year=2000|isbn=0-13-020263-0|location=Upper Saddle River, NJ|chapter=Climate Zones and Types}}</ref> Fakta yang terakhir ini adalah kontras langsung dengan iklim sabana tropis, di mana bulan terkering mendapat curah hujan kurang dari 60&nbsp;mm dan juga ''kurang'' dari <math display="inline">100-\left (\frac{Total\ Curah\ Hujan\ Tahunan\ (mm)}{25} \right)</math>. Pada dasarnya, iklim muson tropis cenderung mendapat curah hujan lebih dari iklim sabana tropis atau musim kemarau yang kurang jelas. Selain itu, iklim muson tropis cenderung mempunyai lebih sedikit variasi suhu sepanjang tahun dibandingkan iklim sabana tropis. Iklim ini memiliki bulan terkering yang hampir selalu terjadi pada atau segera setelah solstice "musim dingin" pada sisi khatulistiwanya.<ref>McKnight, Tom L; Hess, Darrel (2000). "Climate Zones and Types: The Köppen System". Physical Geography: A Landscape Appreciation. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. There are also 3 types of tropical places: tropical wet, tropical wet/dry and tropical monsoon which this article is all about. pg. 208.</ref>
 
== Versi ==
Baris 13:
Iklim muson tropis paling sering ditemukan di [[Amerika Selatan]] dan [[Amerika Tengah]]. Namun, ada bagian [[Asia Selatan]], [[Asia Tenggara]], [[Afrika]] (terutama [[Afrika Barat]] dan Afrika Tengah), [[Kepulauan Karibia|Karibia,]] dan [[Amerika Utara]] yang juga memiliki iklim ini.
 
Sementara itu, persebaran iklim muson tropis di wilayah [[Indonesia]] meliputi beberapa daerah, yaitu wilayah pesisir timur laututara [[Provinsi Banten|Banten]], [[DKI Jakarta]], sebagian besarseluruh wilayah tengah, timur, dan pesisir utara provinsi [[Jawa Barat]], sebagianhampir besarseluruh wilayah [[Jawa Tengah]], sebagian besar wilayah barat dan utara [[Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta|Yogyakarta]], sebagian besar wilayah barat daya, selatan, dan selatantenggara [[Jawa Timur]], sebagian besar wilayah [[Bali]], wilayah barat [[Nusa Tenggara Barat]], sebagian kecil wilayah barat laut [[Nusa Tenggara Timur]], sebagian besar wilayah barat, selatan, dan tenggara [[Sulawesi Selatan]], wilayah selatan dan tenggara [[Sulawesi Tenggara]], wilayah tengah dan sebagian wilayah selatan Kepulauan [[Provinsi Maluku|Maluku]], dan wilayah selatan [[Provinsi Papua Selatan|Papua Selatan]].
 
== Faktor-faktor ==
Baris 25:
* [[Yangon]], [[Myanmar]]
* [[:en:Taitung|Taitung]], [[Republik Tiongkok|Taiwan]]
* [[ManausMacapá]], [[Amazonas, Brasil|AmazonasAmapá]], [[Brasil]]
* [[Miami]], [[Florida]], [[Amerika Serikat]]
* [[Port Harcourt]], [[Nigeria]]
Baris 35:
* [[Dagupan]], [[Filipina]]
* [[Kota Malang|Malang]], [[Indonesia]]
* [[Makassar]], [[Indonesia]]
* [[Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta|Jakarta]], [[Indonesia]]
* [[Semarang]], [[Indonesia]]
 
== Grafik kota-kota pilihan ==
=== Mancanegara ===
{{climate chart
|[[Kota Calamba|Calamba]], [[Filipina]]
| 21.5 | 29.3 | 54
| 21.5 | 30.3 | 26
| 22.2 | 31.9 | 29
| 23.5 | 33.3 | 36
| 24.2 | 33.5 | 160
| 24.0 | 32.4 | 199
| 23.6 | 31.4 | 290
| 23.6 | 31.1 | 265
| 23.5 | 31.0 | 245
| 23.3 | 30.9 | 248
| 22.9 | 30.3 | 141
| 22.2 | 29.3 | 79
|source= Climate-Data.org<ref>
{{cite web
| url = https://en.climate-data.org/asia/philippines/laguna/calamba-1984/
| title = Calamba, Laguna, Filipina
| publisher = Climate-Data
}}</ref>
|float=left
|clear=none
}}
 
{{climate chart
|[[Chittagong]], [[Bangladesh]]
|1314.0|26.0|57.3
|1516.3|28.3|2825.0
|20.5|30.8|55.5
|19|31|64
|23.6|3231.09|150136.4
|24.9|32.04|264314.0
|25.4|31.7|533591.3
|25.02|3031.0|597735.6
|25.3|31.4|513.9
|24|30|518
|2425.2|31.8|320239.3
|2324.1|31.7|180197.8
|20.3|30.0|59.5
|18|29|56
|15.8|27.2|14.1
|14|26|15
|source=Badan Meteorologi Bangladesh<ref>{{cite web | url=http://bmd.gov.bd/file/2016/08/17/pdf/21827.pdf | title=Climate of Bangladesh | publisher=Departemen Meteorologi Bangladesh | accessdate=25 Juni 2018 | page=17-22 | archive-date=2018-12-24 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224171550/http://bmd.gov.bd/file/2016/08/17/pdf/21827.pdf | dead-url=unfit }}</ref>
|source=BBC<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/world/city_guides/results.shtml?tt=TT002030 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060311002800/http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/world/city_guides/results.shtml?tt=TT002030 | archivedate=11 March 2006 | title=Average Conditions - Chittagong, Bangladesh | publisher=BBC Weather | accessdate=25 June 2018 }}</ref>
|float=left
|clear=none
Baris 84 ⟶ 62:
{{climate chart
| [[Conakry]], [[Guinea]]
|19.0 |32.2 |1
|20.2 |33.1 |1
|21.2 |33.4 |3
|22.0 |33.6 |22
|20.7 |33.2 |137
|20.2 |31.8 |396
Baris 94 ⟶ 72:
|20.7 |30.6 |617
|20.4 |30.9 |295
|21.0 |32.0 |70
|20.1 |32.2 |8
|maxprecip=12001130
|float =left
|clear =none
|source =HK<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.weather.gov.hk/wxinfo/climat/world/eng/africa/w_afr/conakry_e.htm |title=Climatological Normals of Conakry |publisher=Hong Kong Observatory |accessdate=2014-02-12 |archive-date=2017-12-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171225080252/http://www.weather.gov.hk/wxinfo/climat/world/eng/africa/w_afr/conakry_e.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
}}
 
{{climate chart
|[[DenpasarDagupan]], [[IndonesiaFilipina]]
| 2420.15 | 3330.08 | 4026.97
| 2421.24 | 3331.48 | 22410.47
| 2422.06 | 33.62 | 20722.82
| 24.84 | 34.47 | 12560.74
| 24.18 | 3334.1 | 67209.58
| 2324.57 | 3133.41 | 51337.39
| 2224.54 | 2932.60 | 41499.76
| 2224.93 | 3031.43 | 30581.93
| 2324.02 | 31.46 | 36368.84
| 2324.70 | 3331.69 | 122215.9
| 23.50 | 3331.08 | 20153.79
| 2321.54 | 3230.79 | 37314.41
|source= SCBMPAGASA<ref>
{{cite web
| url = https://data.gov.ph/?q=dataset/climatological-normal-values/resource/8afe8540-3b45-417f-89ed-3f2b7dd10605
| url = http://www.globalbioclimatics.org/station/in-bali-.htm
| title = BALIDagupan, –Pangasinan, INDONESIAFilipina
| publisher = Centro de Investigaciones FitosociológicasPAGASA
}}</ref>
|float=left
Baris 149 ⟶ 127:
}}
 
{{climate chart
|[[Macapá]], [[Brazil]]
|23.4|30.2|294.7
|23.4|29.9|343.3
|23.6|30.0|394.2
|23.9|30.4|384.1
|24.0|30.8|319.5
|23.7|31.3|244.7
|23.5|31.6|190.8
|24.0|32.4|92.4
|24.0|33.1|28
|24.0|33.3|34.8
|24.1|33.0|69.8
|23.9|31.9|153.5
|source= Badan Meteorologi Nasional Brazil<ref name=INMET>{{cite web |url=http://www.inmet.gov.br/portal/index.php?r=clima/normaisclimatologicas |title=Normais Climatológicas Do Brasil 1981–2010 |publisher=Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia |language=Portuguese |accessdate=November 15, 2018}}</ref>
|float=left
|clear=none
}}
 
{{climate chart
|[[Miami]], [[Amerika Serikat]]
| 15.5 | 24.7 | 41.2
| 16.8 | 25.6 | 57.2
| 18.3 | 26.8 | 76.2
| 20.2 | 28.4 | 79.7
| 22.7 | 30.6 | 135.6
| 24.4 | 31.9 | 245.6
| 25.2 | 32.7 | 165.1
| 25.2 | 32.8 | 225.5
| 24.7 | 31.8 | 250.4
| 23.1 | 30.1 | 160.7
| 20.1 | 27.6 | 83.1
| 17.2 | 25.5 | 51.8
|source=NOAA<ref>{{cite web | url=https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=mfl | title=Monthly Climates Normal (1981-2010) – Miami Area, FL | publisher=NOAA | accessdate=25 Juni 2018 }}</ref>
|float=left
|clear=none
}}
{{clear}}
=== Indonesia ===
{{climate chart
|[[Jakarta]], [[Indonesia]]
| 2324.3 | 2830.95 | 301.7339
| 2324.32 | 2830.96 | 293.7372
| 2324.37 | 2931.48 | 211.8207
| 2325.90 | 3032.04 | 145.3173
| 2325.91 | 3032.67 | 132.1119
| 2324.38 | 3032.05 | 96.286
| 2224.84 | 3032.04 | 63.573
| 2224.85 | 3032.65 | 43.250
| 2224.87 | 3132.18 | 66.061
| 2324.39 | 3132.18 | 110.8114
| 2324.38 | 3032.63 | 142.2154
| 2324.36 | 2931.4 | 209.5196
|source= SCBMBMKG<ref name=climate>{{citeweb
| url = https://www.staklimtangsel.id/images/rataunsurcuaca/rataunsurcuaca10.jpg
{{cite web
| title = Rata Unsur Cuaca Stasiun Meteorologi Kemayoran Periode Tahun 1981-2010
| url = http://www.globalbioclimatics.org/station/in-halim.htm
| publisher = Stasiun Klimatologi Pondok Betung – Badan Meteorologi Klimatologi dan Geofisika
| title = INDONESIA - HALIM PERDANAKUSUMA
| accessdate = 19 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| publisher = Centro de Investigaciones Fitosociológicas
| url = https://iklim.bmkg.go.id/bmkgadmin/storage/buletin/20220511_BukuNormal_Lengkap_FormatBuku.pdf
| title = Buku Peta Rata-Rata Curah Hujan Dan Hari Hujan Periode 1991-2020 Indonesia
| publisher = BMKG
| accessdate = 24 Oktober 2024
| page = 73
}}</ref>
|float=left
Baris 175 ⟶ 197:
{{climate chart
|[[Makassar]], [[Indonesia]]
| 23.02 | 2930.17 | 671694
| 2322.47 | 2931.30 | 556554
| 23.07 | 2931.83 | 408370
| 2223.86 | 3032.50 | 175213
| 2223.84 | 3132.01 | 10186
| 2122.79 | 3032.45 | 6760
| 2021.97 | 3033.4 | 3735
| 20.41 | 3134.03 | 1410
| 2021.92 | 3134.18 | 2524
| 21.87 | 3134.26 | 5673
| 22.97 | 3033.5 | 213226
| 23.0 | 2931.3 | 552649
|source= Climate-Data.orgBMKG<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://iklim.bmkg.go.id/bmkgadmin/storage/buletin/20220511_BukuNormal_Lengkap_FormatBuku.pdf
| title = Buku Peta Rata-Rata Curah Hujan Dan Hari Hujan Periode 1991-2020 Indonesia
| publisher = BMKG
| accessdate = 24 Oktober 2024
| page = 79
}}</ref><ref>
{{cite web
| url = http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weatherall.php3?s=592527&units=
| url = https://en.climate-data.org/asia/indonesia/south-sulawesi/makassar-3646/
| title = Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia
| publisher = Climate-DataWeatherbase
}}</ref>
|float=left
Baris 199 ⟶ 227:
{{climate chart
|[[Malang]], [[Indonesia]]
| 19.6 | 28.56 | 334349
| 19.7 | 28.54 | 307343
| 19.5 | 28.5 | 292328
| 19.3 | 28.7 | 173237
| 18.9 | 2928.0 | 132109
| 17.7 | 2827.86 | 7760
| 16.5 | 2827.4 | 4723
| 17.1 | 2927.35 | 2619
| 17.5 | 2928.86 | 4329
| 18.5 | 30.2 | 10688
| 19.2 | 29.5 | 225278
| 19.1 | 28.5 | 326349
|source= Climate-Data.orgBMKG<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://iklim.bmkg.go.id/bmkgadmin/storage/buletin/20220511_BukuNormal_Lengkap_FormatBuku.pdf
{{cite web
| title = Buku Peta Rata-Rata Curah Hujan Dan Hari Hujan Periode 1991-2020 Indonesia
| url = http://en.climate-data.org/location/977145/
| publisher = BMKG
| title = Malang, Jawa Timur, Indonesia
| accessdate = 24 Oktober 2024
| publisher = Climate-Data
| page = 77
}}</ref>
|float=left
Baris 222 ⟶ 251:
 
{{climate chart
|[[ManausKabupaten Merauke|Merauke]], [[BrazilIndonesia]]
| 23.1 |30 31.53 |260.1 291
| 23.13 | 30.45 |288.3 272
| 23.2 | 30.6 |313.5 271
| 23.39 |30 31.75 |300.1 214
|23 22.34 | 30.67 |256.3 138
| 21.1 | 29.5 | 88
|23|31|113.6
|22 20.72 |31 28.39 |87.5 70
| 20.5 | 29.8 | 55
|23|32.6|57.9
|23 21.5 |32 30.95 |83.3 56
|23 22.78 |32 31.83 |125.7 84
|23 22.74 |32 31.18 |183 152
| 23.51 | 31.36 |216.9 207
|source= <ref>
|source=WMO<ref>{{cite web | url=https://worldweather.wmo.int/136/c01073.htm | title=Weather Information for Manaus | publisher=World Meteorological Organization | accessdate=25 June 2018 }}</ref> HK<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.weather.gov.hk/wxinfo/climat/world/eng/s_america/brazil/manaus_e.htm | title=Climatological Information for Manaus, Brazil | publisher=Hong Kong Observatory | date=20 December 2012 | accessdate=25 June 2018 }}</ref>
{{cite web
| url = https://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_979800_kt.pdf
| title = Klimatafel von Merauke, Indonesien
| publisher = Deutscher Wetterdienst
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| url = https://iklim.bmkg.go.id/bmkgadmin/storage/buletin/Buku_ZOM9120_versi_cetak.pdf
| title = Kabupaten Merauke - Zona Musim 699
| publisher = BMKG
| page = 118
}}</ref>
|float=left
|clear=none
Baris 241 ⟶ 280:
 
{{climate chart
|[[KotaKabupaten MataramKepulauan Tanimbar|MataramSaumlaki]], [[Indonesia]]
| 2224.89 | 3032.50 | 320295
| 2324.09 | 3032.60 | 257238
| 2224.48 | 3032.70 | 221
| 2124.7 | 31.35 | 134210
| 2124.18 | 3130.06 | 108186
| 2024.02 | 3029.34 | 77145
| 1923.48 | 29.70 | 5295
| 1923.86 | 3029.2 | 3451
| 2023.9 | 3130.31 | 4254
| 2224.76 | 3231.15 | 9586
| 2225.80 | 3133.20 | 190149
| 2225.61 | 3132.09 | 242279
|source= WeatherAtlas<ref>
{{cite web
| url = https://www.weatheronline.co.uk/weather/maps/city?FMM=1&FYY=2001&LMM=12&LYY=2020&WMO=97900&CONT=asie&REGION=0027&LAND=ID&ART=PRE&R=0&NOREGION=1&LEVEL=162&LANG=en&MOD=tab
| url = https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/indonesia/mataram-climate
| title = ClimateSaumlaki, of MataramMaluku, Indonesia
| publisher = WeatherAtlasWeatheronline.com
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| url = https://iklim.bmkg.go.id/bmkgadmin/storage/buletin/Buku_ZOM9120_versi_cetak.pdf
| title = Saumlaki, Kepulauan Tanimbar, Maluku Tenggara Barat Daya - Zona Musim 633
| publisher = BMKG
| page = 117
}}</ref>
|float=left
Baris 264 ⟶ 308:
}}
 
{{climate chart
|[[Miami]], [[Amerika Serikat]]
| 15.1 | 24.0 | 51.1
| 15.8 | 24.7 | 52.8
| 17.9 | 26.2 | 60.7
| 19.9 | 28.0 | 72.4
| 22.3 | 29.6 | 157.7
| 23.9 | 30.9 | 237.0
| 24.6 | 31.7 | 144.8
| 24.8 | 31.7 | 192.5
| 24.4 | 31.0 | 193.8
| 22.3 | 29.2 | 143.3
| 19.3 | 26.9 | 67.6
| 16.4 | 24.8 | 46.5
|source=WMO<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.worldweather.org/093/c00267.htm#climate | title=Weather Information for Miami, Florida | publisher=World Meteorological Organization | accessdate=25 June 2018 }}</ref>
|float=left
|clear=none
}}
{{climate chart
|[[Semarang]], [[Indonesia]]
| 2324.34 | 2831.96 | 399401
| 23.38 | 2830.96 | 298362
| 2324.34 | 2931.41 | 250281
| 2324.94 | 3032.02 | 188232
| 23.90 | 3032.62 | 165141
| 2322.38 | 3032.07 | 7993
| 22.84 | 3032.02 | 7244
| 22.83 | 3032.68 | 5034
| 22.8 | 3133.18 | 6775
| 23.3 | 3133.19 | 132154
| 23.38 | 3032.68 | 204258
| 23.39 | 2931.41 | 278315
|source= WeatherbaseSCBM<ref>
{{cite web
| url = http://www.weatherbaseglobalbioclimatics.comorg/weatherstation/weatherin-achma.php3?s=93869&refer=&units=ushtm
| title = Semarang, Indonesia - Achmad Yani ( 3m. - 06°58'S - 110°22'E )
| publisher = WeatherbaseSistema de Clasificación Bioclimática Mundial
}}</ref> & BMKG<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://iklim.bmkg.go.id/bmkgadmin/storage/buletin/20220511_BukuNormal_Lengkap_FormatBuku.pdf
| title = Buku Peta Rata-Rata Curah Hujan Dan Hari Hujan Periode 1991-2020 Indonesia
| publisher = BMKG
| accessdate = 24 Oktober 2024
| page = 75
}}</ref>
|float=left
Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Iklim_muson_tropis"