Salafiyah: Perbedaan antara revisi

'''Salafiyah''' ({{lang-ar|السلفية|translit=as-Salafīyyah}}, bentuk adjektival '''Salafi'''), juga disebut '''Salafisme''', adalah gerakan [[kebangkitan Islam|kebangkitan]] reformasi ultra-konservatif dalam [[Sunni|Islam Sunni]],<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ak_1CnYlinMC&q=Salafi+sect&pg=PA27 |title=Legal Integration of Islam |last=Joppke |first=Christian |date=1 April 2013 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=9780674074910 |pages=27 |language=en |quote=Salafism, which is a largely pietistic, [[apolitical]] sect favoring a literalist reading of the Quran and Sunnah. }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Salafism in Jordan: Political Islam in a Quietist Community |author=Joas Wagemakers |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L13WDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA227 |page=227 |quote=These men adhere to the Salafi branch of Islam |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2016|isbn=9781107163669 }}</ref><ref name="Harvard Divinity">{{cite web|title=The Rise of European Colonialism|url=https://rlp.hds.harvard.edu/rise-european-colonialism|publisher=Harvard Divinity School|access-date=9 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180409171633/https://rlp.hds.harvard.edu/rise-european-colonialism|archive-date=9 April 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Esposito |first1=John |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6VeCWQfVNjkC&q=salafi+movement+reform&pg=PA275 |title=The Oxford Dictionary of Islam |date=2004 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780195125597 |page=275 |access-date=5 December 2015}}</ref> yang dibentuk sebagai gerakan sosio-religius pada akhir abad ke-19 dan tetap berpengaruh di [[dunia Islam]] selama lebih dari satu abad.<ref>{{cite book |last=Mahmood |first=Saba |title=Politics of piety: The Islamic Revival and the Feminist Subject |url=https://archive.org/details/politicsofpietyi00mahm_2 |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=2012 |isbn=9780691149806 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/politicsofpietyi00mahm_2/page/61 61] |chapter=Chapter 2: Topography of the Piety movement |quote="The Salafi movement emerged at the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth in the context of European intellectual and political dominance in the Muslim World"}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=E. Curtis |first=Edward |title=Encyclopedia of Muslim-American History |publisher=Infobase Publishing |year=2010 |isbn=9781438130408 |pages=499 |language=English |quote="Salafi Muslims: As a social movement within Sunni Islam, Salafi Muslims ARE a global revivalism movement"}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The Oxford Handbook of Islam and Politics |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2013 |isbn=978-0-19-539589-1 |editor-last=L. Esposito, El-Din Shahin |editor-first=John, Emad |location=New York |pages=38 |quote="Salafism, in its varying guises, has been an important trend in Islamic thought for more than a century."}}</ref>Nama ini diambil dari anjuran untuk kembali ke pemahaman leluhur ([[salaf]]), tiga generasi awal Muslim yang mengetahui ajaran Islam yang murni tanpa adanya tambahan dan pengurangan. Generasi-generasi itu termasuk [[Nabi Islam]] [[Muhammad]] dan para sahabat yang diajarkannya sendiri ([[Sahabat Nabi|para Sahabat]]), penerus mereka ([[Tabiin]]), dan penerus penerus (''[[Tabi'ut Tabi'in]]''). Secara praktis, Salafi berpendapat bahwa umat Islam harus bergantung pada [[Al-Qur'an]], [[Sunnah]] dan [[Ijma']] (konsensus) salaf, memberikan mereka prioritas atas interpretasi agama kemudian.<ref>Bin Ali Mohamed ''Roots Of Religious Extremism, The: Understanding The Salafi Doctrine Of Al-wala' Wal Bara'' World Scientific, 14.09.2015 9781783263943 p. 61</ref> Gerakan ini bertujuan untuk memperbarui kehidupan Muslim dan ia telah memberikan pengaruh besar pada banyak pemikir dan gerakan Muslim di seluruh [[Dunia Islam]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=L. Esposito|first=John|title=The Oxford encyclopedia of the modern Islamic world vol.3|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1995|isbn=0-19-509614-2|location=200 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016|pages=463|quote="SALAFIYAH... It aimed at the renewal of Muslim life and had a formative impact on many Muslim thinkers and movements across the Islamic world."}}</ref> Sejak awal, Salafisme telah berkembang melalui upaya berbagai reformis Islam, yang kegiatannya tersebar di berbagai wilayah.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Oxford Handbook of Islam and Politics|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2013|isbn=978-0-19-539589-1|editor-last=L. Esposito, El-Din Shahin|editor-first=John, Emad|location=198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016|pages=38|quote="Salafism has evolved under a number of key reformers, each of whom has brought his own unique insights and vision to the movement in response to the challenges of his national context."}}</ref>

Meskipun [[Muhammad bin Abdul Wahhab]] secara pribadi menolak praktik Taqlid, ulama Wahhabi dan Salafi lebih memilih mengikuti madzhab [[Hanbali]] dan umumnya mengizinkan Taqlid mengikuti Fatwa (pendapat hukum hukum) dan mendorong mengikuti mazhab.<ref>{{Cite book|last=H. Warren|first=David|title=Rivals in the Gulf|publisher=Routledge: Taylor & Francis|year=2021|isbn=978-0-367-28062-8|location=Abingdon, Oxon|pages=5|quote="While Wahhab personally rejected the practice of adhering (taqlīd) to a particular legal school, the Wahhabi ʿulamāʾ who follow his thought do, in effect, practice a taqlīd of the Hanbali school.."}}</ref> Sementara mereka secara doktrinal mengutuk Taqlid dan menganjurkan Ijtihad, secara historis praktik hukum Wahhabisme sebagian besar didasarkan dalam batas-batas mazhab Hanbali, sampai saat ini. Penolakan doktrin Taqlid oleh Salafi akan menyebabkan munculnya ulama Salafisme terkemuka seperti [[Sa'ad bin Atiq]], [[Abdurrahman bin Nashir as-Sa'di]], [[Ibnu Utsaimin]], [[Ibnu Baz]], dan yang lainnya; yang akan menyimpang secara signifikan dari hukum fiqih Hanbali .<ref name="al-Yaqoubi" /><ref>{{Cite book|last=Lacroix|first=Stéphane |title=Awakening Islam: The Politics of Religious Dissent in Contemporary Saudi Arabia |url=https://archive.org/details/awakeningislampo0000lacr|publisher=Harvard University Press|year=2011|isbn=978-0-674-04964-2 |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts, London, England|pages=[https://archive.org/details/awakeningislampo0000lacr/page/83 83]–84|chapter=Chapter 3: Resistance to Sahwa Ascendancy}}</ref><ref name="muslimmatters.org">{{cite web|last=Qadhi|first=Dr. Yasir|date=22 April 2014|title=On Salafi Islam|url=https://muslimmatters.org/2014/04/22/on-salafi-islam-dr-yasir-qadhi/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170117190311/https://muslimmatters.org/2014/04/22/on-salafi-islam-dr-yasir-qadhi/|archive-date=17 January 2017|website=Muslimmatters}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Meijer|first=Roel|title=Global Salafism: Islam's New Religious Movement |publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2014|isbn=978-0-19-933343-1|location=New York|pages=43, 61–62, 63 |chapter=Between Revolution and Apoliticism: Nasir al-Din al-Albani and his Impact on the Shaping of Contemporary Salafism}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Gauvain|first=Richard|title=Salafi Ritual Purity: In the Presence of God|publisher=[[Routledge]]|year=2013|isbn= 978-0-7103-1356-0 |location=New York|pages=8, 293}}</ref>