Wikipedia

Gerombolan Emas: Perbedaan antara revisi

Jelajahi riwayat secara interaktif
← Revisi sebelumnya
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
VisualTeks wiki
EmausBot (bicara | kontrib)
Bot
581.829 suntingan
k Bot: Migrasi 62 pranala interwiki, karena telah disediakan oleh Wikidata pada item d:Q79965
Nissa Rahmawati (bicara | kontrib)
116 suntingan
Tidak ada ringkasan suntingan
Tag: Suntingan perangkat seluler Suntingan peramban seluler
 
(33 revisi perantara oleh 21 pengguna tidak ditampilkan)
Baris 1:
{{infobox former country
{{Infobox Former Country
| native_name =
| conventional_long_name = <small>''Ulus Jochi (Зүчийн улс)''</small><br />Gerombolan Emas (Алтын урда) = Gerombolan Emas
| common_name = Gerombolan Emas
| status_text = State of the [[Mongol Empire]]
|continent = Eurasia
| country =
|status_text = State of the [[Mongol Empire]]
| era = Akhir Abad Pertengahan
|region = Eastern Europe and Western and Central Siberia
|country status =
| event_start = Didirikan pasca [[Invasi Rus' oleh Mongol|serangan Mongol ke Rusia]]
|era = Akhir Abad Pertengahan
|status year_start = 1240-an
| date_start =
|event_start = Didirikan pasca [[serangan Mongol ke Rusia]]
| legislature = [[Kurultai]]
|year_start = 1240-an
| event1 = [[Gerombolan Biru]] dan [[Gerombolan Putih]] bersatu
|date_start =
| date_event1 = 1379
|legislature = [[Kurultai]]
|event1 event2 = [[Gerombolan Biru]] dan = Tercerai-berai menjadi [[Gerombolan PutihAgung]] bersatu
| date_event2 = 1466
|date_event1 = 1379
|event2 event_end = TerceraiSisa-beraisisa ditaklukkan menjadioleh [[GerombolanKekhanan AgungKrimea]]
| year_end = 1502
|date_event2 = 1466
| date_end =
|event_end = Sisa-sisa ditaklukkan oleh [[Kekhanan Krimea]]
| p1 = Kekaisaran Mongolia
|year_end = 1502
|date_end flag_p1 =
| p2 = Kipchak
|p1 = Kekaisaran Mongolia
| flag_p2 =
|flag_p1 = White Sulde of the Mongol Empire.jpg
|p2 s1 = KipchakKekhanan Krimea
| flag_s1 = Gerae-tamga.svg
|flag_p2 =
|s1 s2 = Kekhanan KrimeaQasim
| flag_s2 =
|flag_s1 = Gerae-tamga.svg
|s2 s3 = Kekhanan QasimKazan
|flag_s2 flag_s3 =
|s3 s4 = Kekhanan KazanKazakh
| flag_s4 = Flag of the Kazakh Khanate.svg
|flag_s3 =
|s4 s5 = Kekhanan KazakhUzbek
| flag_s5 =
|flag_s4 = Kazakh Khanate.svg
|s5 s6 = Kekhanan UzbekAstrakhan
|flag_s5 flag_s6 =
|s6 s7 = Kekhanan AstrakhanSibir
|flag_s6 flag_s7 =
|s7 s8 = Kekhanan SibirKhiva
|flag_s7 flag_s8 =
|s8 s9 = KekhananDinasti KhivaTimuriyah
| flag_s9 = Timurid.svg
|flag_s8 =
|s9 s10 = DinastiGerombolan TimuriyahNogai
|flag_s9 flag_s10 = TimuridNogai flag.svg
| image_flag = Golden Horde flag 1339.svg
| flag_type = Bendera pada masa pemerintahan Öz Beg Khan seperti yang ditunjukkan pada peta Dulcert tahun 1339 (sumber lain mengklaim bahwa Gerombolan Emas dinamai sesuai dengan bendera kuning khan<ref>{{cite book|last=Zahler|first=Diane|title=The Black Death|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1w2XAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA70|year=2013|publisher=Twenty-First Century Books|isbn=978-1-4677-0375-8|page=70|edition=Revised|access-date=2022-07-24|archive-date=2023-08-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803055619/https://books.google.com/books?id=1w2XAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA70|dead-url=no}}</ref>).
|flag_type =
| image_coat =
| image_map = GoldenHorde1300.png
| image_map_caption = Daerah kekuasaan GerombolanOrda Emas pada 1300 M
| capital = [[Sarai (kota)|Sarai Batu]]
| common_languages = [[Bahasa Mongolia|Mongolia]]<br /> [[Bahasa Kipchak|Turki Kipchak]]
| religion = [[Tengrisme]]<br /> [[Shamanisme]]<br /> [[Agama Buddha di Tibet|Buddhisme Tibet]]<br /> [[Islam]]
| government_type = Semi-{{nowrap|[[monarki elektif|Monarki semi-elektif]],<br> selanjutnyadan menjadi [[monarki absolut|monarkiMonarki turunabsolut-temurunHerditer]]}}
| leader1 = [[Orda Khan]] ([[Gerombolan Putih]])
| year_leader1 = 1226–1280
| leader2 = [[Batu Khan]] ([[Gerombolan Biru]])
| year_leader2 = 1242–1255
| leader3 = [[Tokhtamysh]]
| year_leader3 = 1379–1395
| leader4 = [[Küchük Muhammad]] ([[Gerombolan Agung]])
| year_leader4 = 1435–1459
| leader5 = [[Syaikh Ahmad (Gerombolan Agung)|Syaikh Ahmad]]
| year_leader5 = 1481–1498, 1499–1502
| title_leader = [[Daftar khan Gerombolan Emas|Khan]]
| stat_year1 = 1310
|legislature = [[Kurultai]]
| stat_area1 = 6000000
|stat_year1 = 1310
| today = {{flag|Kazakhstan}}<br/>{{flag|Uzbekistan}}<br/>{{flag|Ukraine}}<br/>{{flag|Turkmenistan}}<br/>{{flag|Rusia}}<br/>{{flag|Georgia}}<br/>{{flag|Rumania}}<br/>{{flag|Moldova}}<br/>{{flag|Belarusia}}<br/>{{flag|Poland}}
|stat_area1 = 6000000
}}
'''Gerombolan Emas''' ([[bahasa Kazakh]]: ''Алтын Орда; Altyn Orda'') ([[bahasa Mongol]]: ''Алтан Орд; Altan Ord'')<ref>{{Cite book
| last = Menzies
| first = Gavin
| title = 1421 Saat China Menemukan Dunia
| publisher = Pustaka Alvabet
| date = 2008
| url = http://books.google.co.id/books?id=ff6sTozRyzsC&pg=PA397&dq=gerombolan+emas&hl=id&sa=X&ei=ua7RT5TOItCQiAeKnqWYAw&ved=0CDUQuwUwAQ#v=onepage&q=gerombolan%20emas&f=false
| isbn = 9793064714, 9789793064710 }} Hlm. 397. Diaksés 8 Juni 2012.</ref><ref>{{Cite book
|access-date = 2012-06-08
| last = Gayo
|archive-date = 2023-08-03
| first = H.M. Iwan
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230803055422/https://books.google.co.id/books?id=ff6sTozRyzsC&pg=PA397&dq=gerombolan+emas&hl=id&sa=X&ei=ua7RT5TOItCQiAeKnqWYAw#v=onepage&q=gerombolan%20emas&f=false
| title = Buku Pintar: Seri Senior
|dead-url = no
| publisher = Grasindo
}} Hlm. 397. Diaksés 8 Juni 2012.</ref><ref>{{Cite book
| date =
|last = Gayo
| url = http://books.google.co.id/books?id=DoBWstCmOqEC&pg=PA753&dq=gerombolan+emas&hl=id&sa=X&ei=ua7RT5TOItCQiAeKnqWYAw&ved=0CD4QuwUwAw#v=onepage&q=gerombolan%20emas&f=false
|first = H.M. Iwan
| isbn = 979 1283 672 }} Hlm. 753. Diaksés 8 Juni 2012.</ref>
|title = Buku Pintar: Seri Senior
atau '''Horde Emas'''<ref>{{Cite book
|publisher = Grasindo
| last = Gayo
|date =
| first = H.M. Iwan
|url = http://books.google.co.id/books?id=DoBWstCmOqEC&pg=PA753&dq=gerombolan+emas&hl=id&sa=X&ei=ua7RT5TOItCQiAeKnqWYAw&ved=0CD4QuwUwAw#v=onepage&q=gerombolan%20emas&f=false
| title = Buku Pintar: Seri Senior
|isbn = 979 1283 672
| publisher = Grasindo
| access-date = 2012-06-08
|archive-date = 2023-08-03
| url = http://books.google.co.id/books?id=DoBWstCmOqEC&pg=PA788&dq=Horde+Emas&hl=id&sa=X&ei=VrPRT8-1Eafeigf_yJG0Aw&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Horde%20Emas&f=false
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230803055421/https://books.google.co.id/books?id=DoBWstCmOqEC&pg=PA753&dq=gerombolan+emas&hl=id&sa=X&ei=ua7RT5TOItCQiAeKnqWYAw#v=onepage&q=gerombolan%20emas&f=false
| isbn = 979 1283 672 }} Hlm. 788. Diaksés 8 Juni 2012.</ref>
|dead-url = no
([[bahasa Inggris]]: ''Golden Horde'') adalah sebuah kekhanan Mongol-Turki dalam abad pertengahan yang wilayahnya membentang dari [[Eropa Timur]] hingga [[Siberia Barat]]. Didirikan Sekitar tahun 1236 oleh suku nomaden Turki dan Mongol oleh [[Batu Khan]] yang memerintah 1236-1255 .
}} Hlm. 753. Diaksés 8 Juni 2012.</ref><ref>{{Cite book
|last = Gayo
|first = H.M. Iwan
|title = Buku Pintar: Seri Senior
|publisher = Grasindo
|date =
|url = http://books.google.co.id/books?id=DoBWstCmOqEC&pg=PA788&dq=Horde+Emas&hl=id&sa=X&ei=VrPRT8-1Eafeigf_yJG0Aw&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Horde%20Emas&f=false
|isbn = 979 1283 672
|access-date = 2012-06-08
|archive-date = 2023-08-03
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230803055422/https://books.google.co.id/books?id=DoBWstCmOqEC&pg=PA788&dq=Horde+Emas&hl=id&sa=X&ei=VrPRT8-1Eafeigf_yJG0Aw#v=onepage&q=Horde%20Emas&f=false
|dead-url = no
}} Hlm. 788. Diaksés 8 Juni 2012.</ref> adalah sebuah kekhanan Mongol-Turki dalam abad pertengahan yang wilayahnya membentang dari [[Eropa Timur]] hingga [[Siberia Barat]]. Didirikan Sekitar tahun 1236 oleh suku nomaden [[Turki]] dan Mongol oleh [[Batu Khan]] yang memerintah 1236-1255.
 
Beberapa suku [[Tatar]] dan [[Mongol]] pada abad ke-13 bersama dengan pemimpin mereka [[Berke Khan]] dan Nogai Khan telah memeluk Islam. Pada abad ke-14 di bawah pimpinan [[UzbegÖz Beg Khan|Sultan Uzbeg]], antara tahun 1312-1341 terjadi Islamisasi secara menyeluruh yang menstabilkan Gerombolan Emas, karena penetapan [[Islam]] sebagai agama negara juga dikombinasikan dengan perombakan pemerintah. Kelas atas diminta segera memeluk Islam, tetapi dalam populasi praktik [[shamanisme]] dan berbagai sekte Kristen ([[Gereja Assiria]], [[Gereja Ortodoks]]) yang dianut sebagian penduduk Turki dan Mongol dapat ditolerir lebih lama. Meskipun demikian, seluruh penduduk tunduk di bawah hukum Islam yang diterapkan Sultan Uzbeg.
 
== PenurunanKemunduran ==
Setelah kematian pengganti Uzbeg yaitu putranya [[JanibegJani Beg|Jani beg]] pada tahun 1357, Gerombolan Emas mulai mengalami perselisihan internal. Para pewaris hanya berkuasa satu atau dua tahun, dimana Emir Mamai yang berkedudukan di [[Krimea]] sesungguhnya adalah penguasa [[de facto]]. Sebagian besar wilayah Dnieper menjadi milik [[Kadipaten Agung Lithuania]] setelah ''Pertempuran Air Biru'' pada 1362, di bawah kepemimpinan Adipati Agung [[Algirdas]] dari [[Lithuania]]. Di perbatasan lain Gerombolan Emas, para pangeran [[Kadipaten Agung Moskwa|Kadipaten Agung Moskow]] juga semakin kuat. Upaya Mamai untuk melemahkan Rusia melalui penjarahan baru dipada tahun 1380 malah mengakibatkan kehancuran total tentaranya oleh pasukan [[Rusia]] bersatu di bawah [[Dmitry Donskoi]] pada ''Pertempuran Kulikovo''.
 
Akhirnya pada tahun 1395 [[Timur Lenk]] menaklukkan dan menghancurkan kota-kota Gerombolan Emas, termasuk Sarai Baru, sehingga negara dibawa ke ambang kehancuran. Struktur negara yang sudah tidak terlalu kokoh ini kemudian dijalankan oleh emir pilihan Timur Lenk, yang bernama [[Edigü]]. Edigü beberapa kali memerangi campur tangan dari Adipati Agung [[Vytautas]] dari Lithuania, yang kembali memerangi pada sekitar 1408 untuk dapat mengklaim supremasi atas Rusia.
 
== Khan Penguasa Gerombolan Emas ==
{| width=100% class="wikitable"
! style="background:#F0DC82" width=25% | Western Half (Blue Horde)<br />Ulus of Batu
! style="background:#F0DC82" width=27% | Eastern Half (White Horde)<br />Ulus of Orda
|-
|- style="background:lightblue"
|colspan=5 style="text-align:center"|'''[[Jochi]]''' <br><small>{{Nastaliq| جوچى}} </small><br><small>As deputy of [[Genghis Khan]] in Central and Western Asia</small><br>c. 1207–1227 C.E.
|-
|- style="background:yellow"
|colspan=5 style="text-align:center"|'''[[Golden Horde]] <br /><small>(Ulus of Jochi, Khanate of Qipchāq or Kipchak)</small>'''<br><small>{{Nastaliq|طلائی آردا}}</small><br><small>{{Nastaliq|خانان قپچاق}}</small><br><small>{{Nastaliq|قوم جوجی}}</small><br> 1227–1459 C.E.
|-
|style="text-align:center"|'''[[Batu Khan]]'''<br><small>{{Nastaliq|باتو خان}}</small><br><small>As overall ''Khan''</small><br>1227–1255 C.E.
|style="text-align:center"|'''[[Orda Khan]]'''<br><small>{{Nastaliq| آردا خان}} </small><br>1227–1251 C.E.
|-
|style="text-align:center"|'''[[Sartaq Khan]]'''<br><small>{{Nastaliq|سارتاق خان}}</small><br><small>As overall ''Khan''</small><br>1255–1256 C.E.
|style="text-align:center"|'''[[Qun Quran]]'''<br><small>{{Nastaliq|قن قوران}} </small><br>1251–1280 C.E.
|-
|style="text-align:center"|'''[[Ulaghchi|Ulaqchi Khan]]'''<br> <small>{{Nastaliq| اولاقچی خان}} </small><br><small>As overall ''Khan''</small><br>1256-1257 C.E.
|style="text-align:center"|
|-
|style="text-align:center"| '''[[Berke|Berke Khan]]'''<br> <small>{{Nastaliq| برکه خان}} </small><br><small>As overall ''Khan''</small><br>1257–1266 C.E.
|style="text-align:center"|
|-
|style="text-align:center"| '''[[Mengu-Timur|Möngke Temür]]'''<br> <small>{{Nastaliq| منگو تیمور}} </small><br><small>As overall ''Khan''</small><br>1266–1280 C.E.
|style="text-align:center"|
|-
|style="text-align:center"|'''[[Tuda Mengu|Töde Möngke]]'''<br> <small>{{Nastaliq| تودا منگو }} </small><br><small>As overall ''Khan''</small><br>1280–1287 C.E.
|style="text-align:center"|'''[[Köchü]]'''<br><small>{{Nastaliq| کوجو}} </small><br>1280–1302 C.E.
|-
|style="text-align:center"|'''[[Talabuga|Töle Buqa]]'''<br> <small>{{Nastaliq| تالابغا}} </small><br><small>As overall ''Khan''</small><br>1287–1291 C.E.
|style="text-align:center"|
|-
|style="text-align:center"|'''[[Toqta]]'''<br> <small>{{Nastaliq| تختا خان}} </small><br><small>As overall ''Khan''</small><br>1291–1312 C.E.
|style="text-align:center"|'''[[Bayan (khan)|Buyan or Bayan Khan]]'''<br><small>{{Nastaliq| بیان خان}} </small><br>1302–1309 C.E.
|-
|style="text-align:center"|'''[[Uzbeg Khan|Muhammad Uzbeg Khan]]'''<br> <small>{{Nastaliq| محمد ازبک خان}} </small><br><small>As overall ''Khan''</small><br>1313–1341 C.E.
|style="text-align:center"|[[Sasibuqa|Sasibuqa Khan]]<br><small>{{Nastaliq| ساسیبوقا خان}} </small><br>c. 1310–1320 C.E.<br>(dubious)
|-
|style="text-align:center"|
|style="text-align:center"|[[Ilbasan|Erzen]] <br><small>{{Nastaliq| ؟}} </small><br>1320–1341 C.E.<br>(dubious)
|-
|style="text-align:center"|'''[[Tini Beg|Tīnī Beg]]'''<br> <small>{{Nastaliq| تینی بیگ}} </small><br><small>As overall ''Khan''</small><br>1341–1342 C.E.
|style="text-align:center"|
|-
|style="text-align:center"|'''[[Jani Beg|Jānī Beg]]'''<br> <small>{{Nastaliq| جانی بیگ}} </small><br><small>As overall ''Khan''</small><br>1342–1357 C.E.
|style="text-align:center"|[[Chimtay]] <br><small>{{Nastaliq| چمطائي}} </small><br>1344–1360 C.E.<br>(dubious)
|-
|style="text-align:center"|'''[[Berdi Beg]]'''<br> <small>{{Nastaliq| بردی بیگ}} </small><br><small>As overall ''Khan''</small><br>1357–1359 C.E.
|style="text-align:center"|
|-
|style="text-align:center"|'''[[Qulpa|Qulpa Khan]]'''<br> <small>{{Nastaliq| قلپا خان}} </small><br><small>As overall ''Khan''</small><br>1359–1360 C.E.
|style="text-align:center"|
|-
|style="text-align:center"|'''[[Nawruz Beg|Nawrūz Beg]]'''<br> <small>{{Nastaliq| نوروز بیگ}} </small><br><small>As overall ''Khan''</small><br>1360 C.E.
|style="text-align:center"|
|-
|style="text-align:center"|'''[[Khiḍr Khan]]'''<br> <small>{{Nastaliq| خضر خان ابن ساسیبوقا خان}} </small><br>1360–1361 C.E.
|style="text-align:center"|'''Qara Nogai'''<br>1360–1361 C.E.
|-
|style="text-align:center"|'''[[Timur Khwaja|Tīmūr Khwāja]]'''<br> <small>{{Nastaliq| تیمور خواجه ابن خضر خان}} </small><br>1361 C.E.
|style="text-align:center"|
|-
|style="text-align:center"|'''[[Ordu Malik]]''' (Ordu Shaykh)<br> <small>{{Nastaliq| اردو ملک شیخ}} </small><br>1361 C.E.
|style="text-align:center"|
|-
|style="text-align:center"|'''[[Kildi Beg]]'''<br> <small>{{Nastaliq| ؟}} </small><br>1361–1362 C.E.
|style="text-align:center"|
|-
|style="text-align:center"|'''[[Abdallāh (Golden Horde)|ʿAbdallāh]] Khan'''<br> <small>{{Nastaliq| عبد اللہ خان ابن ازبک خان}} </small><br><small>As a puppet ''Khan'' under [[Mamai]]</small><br>1362 C.E. <small>1st reign at Sarai</small>
|style="text-align:center"|
|-
|style="text-align:center"|'''[[Murad (Golden Horde)|Murād]]'''<br> <small>{{Nastaliq| مراد خان}} </small><br>1362 C.E.
|style="text-align:center"|
|-
|style="text-align:center"|'''[[Khayr Pulad|Khayr Pūlād]]''' (Mīr Pūlād)<br> <small>{{Nastaliq| ?}} </small><br>1362–1364 C.E.
|style="text-align:center"|'''Tughluq Tīmūr''' <br>1363–c. 1365 C.E.
|-
|style="text-align:center"|'''[[Aziz Shaykh|ʿAzīz Shaykh]]'''<br> <small>{{Nastaliq| عزیز شیخ}} </small><br>1364–1367 C.E.
|style="text-align:center"|'''[[Mubarak Khwaja|Mubārak Khwāja]]''' <br><small>{{Nastaliq| مبارک خواجہ}} </small><br>c. 1365–1369 C.E.
|-
|style="text-align:center"|'''[[Abdallāh (Golden Horde)|ʿAbdallāh]] Khan'''<br> <small>{{Nastaliq| عبد اللہ خان ابن ازبک خان}} </small><br><small>As a puppet ''Khan'' under [[Mamai]]</small><br>1367–1368 C.E. <small>2nd reign at Sarai</small>
|style="text-align:center"|
|-
|style="text-align:center"|'''Ūljāy Tīmūr'''<br> <small>{{Nastaliq| تیمور}} </small><br>1368 C.E.
|style="text-align:center"|
|-
|style="text-align:center"|'''Haṣan Beg'''<br> <small>{{Nastaliq| حسن بیگ}} </small><br>1368–1369 C.E.
|style="text-align:center"|
|-
|style="text-align:center"|'''[[Abdallāh (Golden Horde)|ʿAbdallāh]] Khan'''<br> <small>{{Nastaliq| عبد اللہ خان ابن ازبک خان}} </small><br><small>As a puppet ''Khan'' under [[Mamai]]</small><br>1369 C.E. <small>3rd reign at Sarai</small>
|style="text-align:center"|'''Qutluq Khwāja'''<br>1369-1370 C.E.
|-
|style="text-align:center"|
|style="text-align:center"|'''[[Urus Khan]]''' <br><small>{{Nastaliq| عروس خان}} </small><br>1369–1370 C.E.
|-
|style="text-align:center"|'''[[Tulun Beg Khanum|Tūlūn Beg Khānum]]'''<br> <small>{{Nastaliq| ؟}} </small><br><small>As a puppet Queen under [[Mamai]]</small><br>1370–1371 C.E.
|style="text-align:center"|
|-
|style="text-align:center"|'''[[Muhammad Sultan (Golden Horde)|Muḥammad-Sulṭān]]'''<br> <small>{{Nastaliq| محمد بولاق}} </small><br><small>As a puppet ''Khan'' under [[Mamai]]</small><br>1371–1373 C.E. <small>1st reign at Sarai</small>
|style="text-align:center"|
|-
|- style="background:lightblue"
|colspan=5 style="text-align:center"|'''[[Urus Khan]]''' <br><small>{{Nastaliq| عروس خان}} </small><br>1373 C.E.
|-
|style="text-align:center"|'''Hājjī Cherkes'''<br> <small>{{Nastaliq|حاجی چرکس}} </small><br>1373–1374 C.E.
|style="text-align:center"|'''[[Urus Khan]]''' <br><small>{{Nastaliq| عروس خان}} </small><br>1373–1374 C.E.
|-
|style="text-align:center"|'''[[Il Beg|Īl Beg]]'''<br> <small>{{Nastaliq| خان ایبک}} </small><br>1374 C.E.
|style="text-align:center"|
|-
|style="text-align:center"|'''[[Muhammad Sultan (Golden Horde)|Muḥammad-Sulṭān]]''' <br> <small>{{Nastaliq| محمد بولاق}} </small><br><small>As a puppet ''Khan'' under [[Mamai]] </small><br>1374 C.E. <small>2nd reign at Sarai</small>
|style="text-align:center"|
|-
|- style="background:lightblue"
|colspan=5 style="text-align:center"|'''[[Urus Khan]]''' <br><small>{{Nastaliq| عروس خان}} </small><br>1374–1375 C.E.
|-
|style="text-align:center"|'''[[Qaghan Beg|Qāghān Beg]]'''<br> <small>{{Nastaliq|غیاث الدین خاقان بیگ }} </small><br>1375–1377 C.E.
|style="text-align:center"|'''[[Urus Khan]]''' <br><small>{{Nastaliq| عروس خان}} </small><br>1375–1377 C.E.
|-
|style="text-align:center"|'''[[Arab Shah|ʿArab Shāh]]'''<br> <small>{{Nastaliq|عرب شاہ مظفر}} </small><br>1377–1380 C.E.
|style="text-align:center"|'''[[Toqtaqiya]]'''<br> <small>{{Nastaliq| توک تکیا}} </small><br>1377 C.E.
|-
|style="text-align:center"|
|style="text-align:center"|'''[[Timur-Malik|Tīmūr Malik]]''' <br><small>{{Nastaliq| تیمور ملک}} </small><br>1377–1379 C.E.
|-
|style="text-align:center"|
|style="text-align:center"|'''[[Tokhtamysh]]''' <br><small>{{Nastaliq| تختامش خان}} </small><br>1379–1380 C.E.
|-
|- style="background:lightgreen"
|colspan=5 style="text-align:center"|'''[[Tokhtamysh]]''' <br><small>{{Nastaliq| تختامش خان}} </small><br><small>As ''Khan''</small><br>1380–1395 C.E.
|-
|- style="background:lightgreen"
|colspan=5 style="text-align:center"|'''[[Quyurchuq]]''' <br><small>{{Nastaliq| ?}} </small><br>1395–1397 C.E.
|-
|- style="background:lightgreen"
|colspan=5 style="text-align:center"|'''[[Temur Qutlugh|Tīmūr Qutluq]]''' <br><small>{{Nastaliq| تیمور قتلغ ابن تیمور ملک}} </small><br><small>''Khan'' in alliance with [[Edigu]]</small><br>1397–1399 C.E.
|-
|- style="background:lightgreen"
|colspan=5 style="text-align:center"|'''[[Shadi Beg|Shādī Beg]]''' <br><small>{{Nastaliq| شادی بیگ ابن تیمور ملک}} </small><br><small>''Khan'' in alliance with [[Edigu]]</small><br>1399–1407 C.E.
|-
|- style="background:lightgreen"
|colspan=5 style="text-align:center"|'''[[Pulad|Pūlād Khan]]''' <br><small>{{Nastaliq| ?}} </small><br><small>''Khan'' in alliance with [[Edigu]]</small><br>1407–1409 C.E.
<small>1st reign at Sarai</small>
|-
|- style="background:lightgreen"
|colspan=5 style="text-align:center"|'''[[Karim Berdi|Karīm Berdi]]''' <br><small>{{Nastaliq| کریم بردی ابن تختامش}} </small><br>1409 C.E.
<small>1st reign at Sarai</small>
|-
|- style="background:lightgreen"
|colspan=5 style="text-align:center"|'''[[Pulad|Pūlād Khan]]''' <br><small>{{Nastaliq| ?}} </small><br><small>''Khan'' in alliance with [[Edigu]]</small><br>1409–1410 C.E.
<small>2nd reign at Sarai</small>
|-
|- style="background:lightgreen"
|colspan=5 style="text-align:center"|'''[[Timur (Golden Horde)|Tīmūr Khan]]''' <br><small>{{Nastaliq| تیمور خان ابن تیمور قتلغ}} </small><br><small>''Khan'' in alliance with [[Edigu]]</small><br>1410–1411 C.E.
|-
|- style="background:lightgreen"
|colspan=5 style="text-align:center"|'''[[Jalal al-Din Khan ibn Tokhtamysh|Jalāl ad-Din]]''' ''Zeleni Saltan''<br><small>{{Nastaliq| جلال الدین خان ابن تختامش}} </small><br>1411–1412 C.E.
|-
|- style="background:lightgreen"
|colspan=5 style="text-align:center"|'''[[Karim Berdi|Karīm Berdi]]''' <br><small>{{Nastaliq| کریم بردی ابن تختامش}} </small><br>1412–1413 C.E.
<small>2nd reign at Sarai</small>
|-
|- style="background:lightgreen"
|colspan=5 style="text-align:center"|'''[[Kebek (Golden Horde)|Kebek]]''' <br><small>{{Nastaliq| قبق خان ابن تختامش }} </small><br>1413–1414 C.E.
|-
|- style="background:lightgreen"
|colspan=5 style="text-align:center"|'''[[Karim Berdi|Karīm Berdi]]''' <br><small>{{Nastaliq| کریم بردی ابن تختامش}} </small><br>1414 C.E.
<small>3rd reign at Sarai</small>
|-
|- style="background:lightgreen"
|colspan=5 style="text-align:center"|'''[[Yeremferden|Jabbār Berdi]]''' <br><small>{{Nastaliq| جبار بردی خان}} </small><br>1414–1415 C.E.
<small>1st reign at Sarai</small>
|-
|- style="background:lightgreen"
|colspan=5 style="text-align:center"|'''[[Chekre]]''' <br><small>{{Nastaliq| چکرہ خان ابن اکمل}} </small><br><small>''Khan'' in alliance with [[Edigu]]</small><br>1415–1416 C.E.
|-
|- style="background:lightgreen"
|colspan=5 style="text-align:center"|'''[[Yeremferden|Jabbār Berdi]]''' <br><small>{{Nastaliq| جبار بردی خان}} </small><br>1416–1417 C.E.
<small>2nd reign at Sarai</small>
|-
|- style="background:lightgreen"
|colspan=5 style="text-align:center"|'''[[Darwish (Golden Horde)|Darwīsh]]''' <br><small>{{Nastaliq| درویش خان}} </small><br><small>a puppet ''Khan'' of [[Edigu]]</small><br>1417–1419 C.E.
|-
|- style="background:lightgreen"
|colspan=5 style="text-align:center"|'''[[Qadir Berdi|Qādir Berdi]]''' <br><small>{{Nastaliq| قدیر بردی خان ابن تختامش}} </small><br>1419 C.E.
|-
|- style="background:lightgreen"
|colspan=5 style="text-align:center"|'''[[Hajji Muhammad (Golden Horde)|Ḥājjī Muḥammad]]''' <br><small>{{Nastaliq| حاجی محمد خان ابن اغلان علی}} </small><br><small>a puppet ''Khan'' of [[Edigu]]'s sons</small><br>1419 C.E.
|-
|- style="background:lightgreen"
|colspan=5 style="text-align:center"|*'''[[Ulugh Muhammad|Ulugh Muḥammad]]''' <br><small>{{Nastaliq| الغ محمد}} </small><br>1419–1421 C.E.<br>*[[Dawlat Berdi]] <br><small>{{Nastaliq| دولت بردی}} </small><br>1419–1421 C.E.
|-
|- style="background:lightgreen"
|colspan=5 style="text-align:center"|'''[[Baraq (Khan of Golden Horde)|Barāq Khan]]''' (<small>His son [[Janybek Khan|Jani Beg Khan]] along with Kerey Khan founded the [[Kazakh Khanate]] in 1456</small>) <br><small>{{Nastaliq| برا‍ق خان بن کویرچک}} </small><br>1421–1427 C.E.
|-
|- style="background:lightgreen"
|colspan=5 style="text-align:center"|'''[[Ulugh Muhammad|Ulugh Muḥammad]]''' (<small>Founded the [[Kazan Khanate]] in 1438</small>) <br><small>{{Nastaliq| الغ محمد}} </small><br>1427–1433 C.E.
|-
|- style="background:lightgreen"
|colspan=5 style="text-align:center"|'''[[Sayid Ahmad I|Sayyid Aḥmad I]]''' <br><small>{{Nastaliq| سید احمد اول}} </small><br>1433–1435 C.E.
|-
|- style="background:lightgreen"
|colspan=5 style="text-align:center"|'''[[Küchük Muhammad|Küchük Muḥammad]]''' <br><small>{{Nastaliq| کوچک محمد}} </small><br>1435–1459 C.E.
|-
|colspan=5 style="text-align:center"|Golden Horde broke up as follows: 1438, [[Kazan Khanate]] under [[Olugh Mokhammad of Kazan|Ulugh Muhammad]]; 1441, [[Crimean Khanate]] under [[Hacı I Giray]]; [[Qasim Khanate]] (1452). The remnant, which became known as the [[Great Horde]], was left with the steppe between the [[Dnieper]] and [[Yaik]], the capital [[Sarai (city)|Sarai]] and a claim to represent the tradition of the Golden Horde.
|-
|- style="background:lightpink"
|colspan=5 style="text-align:center"|[[Great Horde]]<br><small>{{Nastaliq|عظیم اردو}}</small><br> 1459–1502 C.E.
|-
|colspan=5 style="text-align:center"|'''[[Maxmud of Astrakhan|Maḥmūd]]''' (<small>Founded the [[Khanate of Astrakhan]] in 1466</small>) <br><small>{{Nastaliq| محمود بن کوچک }} </small><br>1459–1465 C.E.
|-
|colspan=5 style="text-align:center"|'''[[Akhmat Khan|Aḥmad]]''' <br><small>{{Nastaliq| احمد خان}} </small><br>1465–1481 C.E.
|-
|colspan=5 style="text-align:center"|'''[[Sheikh Ahmed|Shaykh Aḥmad]]'''<br><small>{{Nastaliq|سید احمد ثانی}} </small><br>1481–1502 C.E
|-
|colspan=5 style="text-align:center"|The [[Great Horde]] collapsed gradually and territories became independent Khanates; 1466, [[Astrakhan Khanate]] under one of Kuchuk Muhammed's sons named [[Maxmud of Astrakhan|Mahmud bin Küchük]]; [[Siberia Khanate|Tyumen Khanate]] (1468, later [[Siberia Khanate]]).
|}
== Referensi ==
{{reflist}}
Baris 103 ⟶ 333:
 
== Pranala luar ==
* [http://www.horde.ru/ / The Goden Horde coinage] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160110065711/http://horde.ru/ |date=2016-01-10 }}
{{Kekaisaran Mongol}}{{Kekaisaran}}
 
[[Kategori:Sejarah Mongolia]]
[[Kategori:Kekaisaran Mongol]]
Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Gerombolan_Emas"