Putresina: Perbedaan antara revisi

Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
Pierrewee (bicara | kontrib)
+Sejarah
Esther Rossini (bicara | kontrib)
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(26 revisi perantara oleh 9 pengguna tidak ditampilkan)
Baris 3:
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| ImageFile = Diaminobutane.pngsvg
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Baris 46:
| Odor = kuat, mirip [[piperidina]]
| Density = 0,877 g/mL
| MeltingPtCMeltingPt = {{convert|27,5|C|K}}
| BoilingPtKBoilingPt = {{convert|431,7|K|C}}
| Solubility = Tercampur
| LogP = −0,466
Baris 67:
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'''Putresina''', atau '''tetramethylenediaminetetrametilendiamina''', adalah suatu [[senyawa kimia]] organik [[Nitrogen|N]][[Hidrogen|H]]<sub>2</sub>([[Carbon|C]]H<sub>2</sub>)<sub>4</sub>NH<sub>2</sub> (1,4-diaminobutanediaminobutana oratau butanediaminebutanadiamina) yang berbau busuk<ref>{{cite book | last =Haglund | first =William | title =Forensic taphonomy: The Postmortem Fate of Human Remains | publisher =CRC Press | year =1996 | isbn =0-8493-9434-1|pages=100 }}</ref> yang berhuunganberhubungan dengan [[kadaverina]]; keduanya dihasilkan melalui pemecahan [[asam amino]] dalam organisme hidup dan mati dan keduanya merupakan racun dalam dosis besar.<ref>{{cite book | last =Lewis | first =Robert Alan | title =Lewis' Dictionary of Toxicology | publisher =CRC Press | year =1998 | isbn =1-56670-223-2|pages=212 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last =Kamhi | first =Ellen, [[Ph.D.]], [[Registered Nurse|RN]], HNC | title =Alternative Medicine Magazine's Definitive Guide to Weight Loss | url =https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781587612596 | publisher =Celestial Arts | year =2007 | pages =[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781587612596/page/14 14] | isbn = 1-58761-259-3|quote=Ornithine is converted by bowel bacteria into a toxic substance called putrescine, which in turn degrades into polyamines, such as spermadine, spermine, and cadaverine (literally meaning "the essence of dead cadavers").}}</ref> Kedua senyawa tersebut sebagian besar bertanggung jawab atas bau busuk dari daging yang [[Pembusukan|membusuk]], namuntetapi juga berperan pada bau dari proses seperti [[Halitosis|bau mulutnapas tidak sedap]] dan bakteri [[vaginosis bakterialis]].<ref>{{cite journal|authors=Yeoman, CJ;Thomas, SM; Miller, ME; Ulanov, AV; Torralba, M; Lucas, S; Gillis, M; Cregger, M; Gomez, A; Ho, M; Leigh, SR; Stumpf, R; Creedon, DJ; Smith, MA; Weisbaum, JS; Nelson, KE; Wilson, BA; White, BA|title=A multi-omic systems-based approach reveals metabolic markers of bacterial vaginosis and insight into the disease.|journal=PLOS ONE|year=2013|volume=8|issue=2|pages=e56111|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0056111|pmid=23405259|url=http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0056111|pmc=3566083}}</ref> Mereka juga ditemukan dalam [[semen]] dan beberapa mikroalga, bersama dengan molekul terkait seperti [[spermina]] dan [[spermidin]].
 
== Sejarah ==
Putresina<ref>Ludwig Brieger, "Weitere Untersuchungen über Ptomaine" [Further investigations into ptomaines] (Berlin, Germany: August Hirschwald, 1885), [https://books.google.com/books?id=gqt9piJJ_TkC&pg=PA43 page 43]. From page 43: Ich nenne dasselbe Putrescin, von putresco, faul werden, vermodern, verwesen. (I call this [compound] "putrescine", from [the Latin word] ''putresco'', to become rotten, decay, rot.)</ref> dan [[kadaverina]]<ref>Ludwig Brieger, "Weitere Untersuchungen über Ptomaine" [Further investigations into ptomaines] (Berlin, Germany: August Hirschwald, 1885), [https://books.google.com/books?id=gqt9piJJ_TkC&pg=PA39 page 39].</ref> pertama kali dilaporkan pada 1885 oleh seorang dokter [[Berlin]], [[Ludwig Brieger]] (1849–1919).<ref>Brief biography of [http://www.sammlungen.hu-berlin.de/dokumente/14948/ Ludwig Brieger] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003041704/http://www.sammlungen.hu-berlin.de/dokumente/14948/ |date=2011-10-03 }} (in German). Biography of [http://jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/3708-brieger-ludwig Ludwig Brieger] in English.</ref>
 
== Produksi ==
Putresina diproduksi pada skala industri nelalui [[hidrogenasi]] [[suksinonitril]], yang dihasilkan dengan penambahan [[hidrogen sianida]] ke [[akrilonitril]].<ref name=Ullmann>{{cite encyclopedia
| encyclopedia = Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
| title = Nitriles
| url = http://www.mrw.interscience.wiley.com/emrw/9783527306732/ueic/article/a17_363/current/html?hd=All%2Csuccinonitrile
| accessdate = 2007-09-10
| edition = 7th
| archive-date = 2020-04-10
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200410080448/http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/?hd=All,succinonitrile
| dead-url = yes
}}</ref> Putresina direaksikan dengan [[asam adipat]] untuk menghasilkan [[poliamida]] [[Nylon 46]], yang dipasarkan oleh [[DSM (perusahaan)|DSM]] dengan nama dagang Stanyl.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dsm.com/markets/automotive/en_US/applications/automotive-ee/electronic-control-modules.html |title=Electronic Control Modules (ECU) - Electrical & Electronics - Applications - DSM |newspaper=Dsm.com |date= |author= |accessdate= 18 December 2015}}</ref> Produksi bioteknologi putresina dari bahan baku terbarukan merupakan alternatif yang menjanjikan bagi [[sintesis kimia]]. Tekanan yang direkayasa secara metabolik dari ''[[Escherichia coli]]'' yang menghasilkan putresina pada titer tinggi dalam medium garam mineral [[glukosa]] telah dibuat.<ref name="Metabolic Engineering of Escherichia coli for the Production of Putrescine: A Four Carbon Diamine">{{cite web
| url = http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/122545238/abstract
| title = Metabolic Engineering of Escherichia coli for the Production of Putrescine: A Four Carbon Diamine
| accessdate = 2010-06-10
| archive-date = 2013-01-05
| archive-url = https://archive.today/20130105084801/http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/122545238/abstract
| dead-url = yes
}}</ref>
 
== Referensi ==
Baris 77 ⟶ 96:
== Pranala luar ==
* [http://gmd.mpimp-golm.mpg.de/Spectrums/cf58e7b1-7e8f-4734-90e3-965149b9f6ac.aspx Putrescine MS Spectrum]
 
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[[Kategori:Diamina]]
[[Kategori:Bahan kimiaSenyawa berbau busuktidak sedap]]
[[Kategori:Hidrokarbon]]
 
 
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