Danau Baikal: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Infobox body of water
|
|native_name = {{native name|ru|Oзеро Байкал}}<br />{{native name|bua|Байгал нуур}}<br />{{native name|mn|Байгал нуур}}
|pushpin_map=Russia Buryatia#Russia Irkutsk Oblast#Russia
|image = Baikal.A2001296.0420.250m-NASA.jpg
|caption = Citra satelit danau Baikal, 2001
|image_bathymetry = Karte baikal2.png
|caption_bathymetry =
|location = [[Siberia]], [[Rusia]]
|coords = {{Coord|53|30|N|108|0|E|region:RU-BU_type:waterbody_scale:5000000|display=inline,title}}
|lake_type = [[Danau purba]], [[Danau retakan|danau retakan benua]]
|inflow = [[Selenga]], [[Barguzin (sungai)|Barguzin]], [[Angara Atas]]
|outflow = [[Angara]]
|catchment = {{convert|560000|km2|-3|abbr=on}}
|basin_countries = [[Mongolia]] dan [[Rusia]]
|length = {{convert|636|km|abbr=on}}
|width = {{convert|79|km|abbr=on}}
|area = {{convert|31722|km2|abbr=on}}<ref name="INTAS">{{cite web|url= http://users.ugent.be/~mdbatist/intas/morphometry.htm|title= A new bathymetric map of Lake Baikal. Morphometric Data. INTAS Project 99-1669. Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Consolidated Research Group on Marine Geosciences (CRG-MG), University of Barcelona, Spain; Limnological Institute of the Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russian Federation; State Science Research Navigation-Hydrographic Institute of the Ministry of Defense, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation|publisher= Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium|access-date= 9 July 2009|archive-date= 2018-12-25|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181225085935/http://users.ugent.be/~mdbatist/intas/morphometry.htm|dead-url= yes}}</ref>
|depth = {{convert|744.4|m|abbr= on}}<ref name="INTAS"/>
|residence_time = 330 tahun<ref>{{cite web |author= M.A. Grachev |url= http://lin.irk.ru/grachev/eng/introduction.htm |title= On the present state of the ecological system of lake Baikal |publisher= Limnological Institute, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences |access-date= 9 July 2009 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110820023119/http://lin.irk.ru/grachev/eng/introduction.htm |archive-date= 20 August 2011}}</ref>
|max-depth = {{convert|1642|m|abbr= on}}<ref name="INTAS"/>
|volume = {{convert|23615.39|km3|cumi|-1|abbr= on}}<ref name="INTAS"/>
|shore = {{convert|2100|km|-1|abbr= on}}
|elevation = {{convert|455.5|m|0|abbr=on}}
|islands = 27 ([[Pulau Olkhon]])
|cities = [[Severobaykalsk]], [[Slyudyanka]], [[Baykalsk]], [[Ust-Barguzin]]
|frozen = Januari–Mei
|reference =
|extra =
{{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site
|child = yes
|ID = 754
|Year = 1996
|Criteria = Alam: vii, viii, ix, x
|Area = 8,800,000 hektar
}}
}}
'''Danau Baikal''' ({{lang-ru|Oзеро Байкал|Ozero Baykal}}; {{lang-bua|Байгал нуур|Baigal nuur}};<ref>Dervla Murphy (2007) ''Silverland: A Winter Journey Beyond the Urals'', London, John Murray, p. 173</ref> {{lang-mn|Байгал нуур|Baigal nuur}}) adalah sebuah [[danau]] retakan di [[Rusia]] yang terletak di [[Siberia]] selatan, di antara [[Subjek federal di Rusia|subjek federal]] [[Oblast Irkutsk]] di barat laut dan [[Buryatia]] di tenggara.
Danau Baikal adalah danau air tawar terbesar di dunia berdasarkan volume. Volume air di danau ini mencapai {{convert|23615.39|km3|cumi|-1|abbr=on}}, atau sekitar 23% dari keseluruhan volume air tawar di permukaan Bumi,<ref name="INTAS" /><ref>{{cite book|author1= Schwarzenbach, Rene P. |author2= Philip M. Gschwend |author3= Dieter M. Imboden | title= Environmental Organic Chemistry |url= https://archive.org/details/environmentalorg00schw | year= 2003 | publisher= Wiley Interscience | edition= 2 | page= [https://archive.org/details/environmentalorg00schw/page/n1056 1052] | isbn= 9780471350538}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| authors= Tyus, Harold M. | title= Ecology and Conservation of Fishes | year= 2012 | publisher= CRC Press | page= 116 | isbn= 978-1-4398-9759-1}}</ref> jauh lebih banyak dari gabungan volume [[Danau-Danau Besar (Amerika)|Danau-Danau Besar]] di [[Amerika Utara]].<ref>{{cite book|editor-last1= Bright |editor-first1= Michael | others= preface by Koichiro Mastsuura|title= 1001 natural wonders : you must see before you die|url= https://archive.org/details/1001naturalwonde0000unse |date= 2010|publisher= Cassell Illustrated|location= London|isbn= 9781844036745|page= [https://archive.org/details/1001naturalwonde0000unse/page/620 620]|edition= 2009 }}</ref> Danau Baikal memiliki kedalaman maksimum {{convert|1642|m|abbr=on}},<ref name="INTAS"/> dan merupakan [[Daftar danau terbesar di dunia|danau terdalam]],<ref>{{cite web|url= http://geology.com/records/deepest-lake.shtml|title= Deepest Lake in the World|publisher= geology.com |access-date= 18 August 2007}}</ref> serta danau tertua di Bumi,<ref name="touchstone">{{cite web|url= http://marine.usgs.gov/fact-sheets/baikal/|title= Lake Baikal – A Touchstone for Global Change and Rift Studies|publisher= [[United States Geological Survey]]|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120629180319/http://marine.usgs.gov/fact-sheets/baikal/|archive-date= 29 June 2012|access-date= 3 January 2016}}</ref> yang terbentuk sekitar 25–30 juta tahun lalu.<ref name="unesco">{{cite web|url= https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/754|title= Lake Baikal – UNESCO World Heritage Centre|access-date= 5 October 2012}}</ref><ref name=ScienceDaily2017>{{cite web|url= https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/07/170726103013.htm|title= Lake Baikal: Protection of a unique ecosystem|website= ScienceDaily|date= 26 July 2017|access-date= 16 January 2018}}</ref> Danau Baikal adalah [[Daftar danau terbesar di dunia|danau terbesar ketujuh di dunia]] berdasarkan luas permukaan, dengan luas membentang hingga {{convert|31722|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}, sedikit lebih besar dari luas [[Belgia]]. Danau ini juga merupakan salah satu danau dengan air terjernih di dunia.<ref name=Jung2004>{{cite book |title= Ecosystems and Natural Resources of Mountain Regions. Proceedings of the first international symposium on Lake Baikal: The current state of the surface and underground hydrosphere in mountainous areas. "Nauka", Novosibirsk, Russia|authors= Jung, J., Hojnowski, C., Jenkins, H., Ortiz, A., Brinkley, C., Cadish, L., Evans, A., Kissinger, P., Ordal, L., Osipova, S., Smith, A., Vredeveld, B., Hodge, T., Kohler, S., Rodenhouse, N. and Moore, M. |editor1-first= A.I. |editor1-last= Smirnov |editor2-first= L.R. |editor2-last= Izmest'eva |year= 2004 |pages= 131–140 |chapter= Diel vertical migration of zooplankton in Lake Baikal and its relationship to body size |chapter-url= http://www.wellesley.edu/Biology/Faculty/Mmoore/Content/JUNG_et_al_2004.pdf |access-date= 9 August 2009}}</ref>
Danau Baikal menjadi habitat bagi ribuan spesies tumbuhan dan hewan, banyak di antaranya merupakan spesies [[endemik]] di wilayah tersebut. Danau ini juga menjadi daerah pemukiman [[suku Buryat]], yang banyak memelihara [[kambing]], [[unta]], [[sapi]], [[domba]], dan [[kuda]]<ref name=animal>{{cite book |title= The Other Side of Russia: A Slice of Life in Siberia and the Russian Far East |author= S. Hudgins |year= 2003 |publisher= Texas A&M University Press |url= http://www.tamupress.com/product/Other-Side-of-Russia,4080.aspx |access-date= 9 August 2009}}</ref> di sisi timur danau,<ref>{{cite web |author1= M. Hammer |author2= T. Karafet |title= DNA & the peopling of Siberia |url= http://www.mnh.si.edu/arctic/html/peopling_siberia.html |year= 1995 |publisher= Smithsonian Institution |access-date= 9 August 2009 |archive-date= 2015-12-24 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20151224202140/http://www.mnh.si.edu/arctic//html/peopling_siberia.html |dead-url= yes }}</ref> di daerah ini suhu rata-rata bervariasi, dengan suhu terendah saat [[musim dingin]] mencapai {{convert|-19|°C|0}} dan suhu tertinggi {{convert|14|°C|0}} selama [[musim panas]].<ref>{{cite journal |last= Fefelov |first= I. |author2= Tupitsyn, I. |date= August 2004 |title= Waders of the Selenga delta, Lake Baikal, eastern Siberia |journal= Wader Study Group Bulletin |volume= 104 |pages= 66–78 |url= http://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/iwsgb/v104/p00066-p00078.pdf |access-date= 9 August 2009}}</ref>
Wilayah di sebelah timur Danau Baikal disebut sebagai Transbaikalia atau [[Transbaikal]],<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Erbajeva|first1=Margarita A.|last2=Khenzykhenova|first2=Fedora I.|last3=Alexeeva|first3=Nadezhda V.|date=2013-01-23|title=Aridization of the Transbaikalia in the context of global events during the Pleistocene and its effect on the evolution of small mammals|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618211007166|journal=Quaternary International|series=Quaternary interconnections in Eurasia: focus on Eastern Europe SEQS Conference, Rostov-on-Don, Russia, 21–26 June 2010|language=en|volume=284|pages=45–52|doi=10.1016/j.quaint.2011.12.024|bibcode=2013QuInt.284...45E|issn=1040-6182}}</ref> dan wilayah di sekitar danau itu sendiri kadang-kadang dikenal sebagai Baikalia. [[UNESCO]] menyatakan Danau Baikal sebagai salah satu [[Situs Warisan Dunia]] pada tahun 1996.<ref>
{{cite web|url= https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/754|title= Lake Baikal – World Heritage Site|publisher= World Heritage|access-date=13 January 2007}}
</ref>
== Lihat pula ==
* [[Rusia Timur Jauh]]
* [[Sarma (angin)]]
== Referensi ==
{{reflist}}
== Bacaan lanjutan ==
* Detlev Henschel, ''Kayak Adventure in Siberia: The first solo circumnavigation of Lake Baikal''. Amazon {{ISBN|978-3737561020}}
* [[Colin Thubron]] (2000), ''In Siberia'', {{ISBN|978-0060953737}}, Harper Perennial.
* [[Leonid Borodin]] (1988), ''Year of Miracle And Grief'', Quartet Books {{ISBN?}}
* Martin Cruz Smith (2019), ''Siberian Dilemma'', Simon & Schuster {{ISBN?}}
== Pranala luar ==
{{Sister project links|voy=Lake Baikal}}
*[http://www.lakebaikal.org/ Lake Baikal Information]
*[https://www.theatlantic.com/photo/2019/05/lake-baikal-ice-formations-photos/590374/ Lake Baikal Ice Formations in Photos]
* {{Vimeo|157246628|Lake Baikal}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Kategori:Danau di Rusia|Baikal]]
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