Malcolm Turnbull: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Baris 1:
{{Infobox Officeholder
| honorific-prefix = [[The Honourable]]
| name = Malcolm Turnbull
| honorific-suffix = [[Anggota Parlemen|MP]] [[Orde Australia|AC]]
| image = Malcolm Turnbull
| office = [[Perdana Menteri Australia]] [[Daftar Perdana Menteri Australia|ke-29]]
| monarch = [[Elizabeth II]]
| governor-general = [[Peter Cosgrove]]
| deputy = [[Warren Truss]]<br>[[Barnaby Joyce]]<br>[[Michael McCormack]]
| term_start = 15 September 2015
| term_end = 24 Agustus 2018
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| successor = [[Scott Morrison]]
| office1 = [[Partai Liberal Australia|Ketua Partai Liberal]]
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| successor1 =
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| office3 = [[Menteri Komunikasi (Australia)|Menteri Komunikasi]]
| primeminister3 = [[Tony Abbott]]
| term_start3 = 18 September 2013
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| office4 = [[Daftar Ketua Oposisi Australia|Ketua Oposisi]]
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| office5 = [[Menteri Lingkungan (Australia)|Menteri Lingkungan dan Air]]
| primeminister5 = [[John Howard]]
| term_start5 = 30 January 2007
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| predecessor5 = [[Ian Campbell (politikus Australia)|Ian Campbell]]
| successor5 = [[Peter Garrett]]
| constituency_MP6 = [[Divisi Wentworth|Wentworth]]
| parliament6 = Australia
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| predecessor6 = [[Peter King (politikus Australia)|Peter King]]
| successor6 = [[Kerryn Phelps]]
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| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1954|10|24|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Sydney]], [[Australia]]
| death_date =
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| party = [[Partai Liberal Australia|Partai Liberal]]
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| education = [[Vaucluse Public School]]<br/>[[Sydney Grammar School]]<br/>[[Universitas Sydney]]<br/>[[Brasenose College, Oxford]]
| religion = [[Gereja Katolik|Katolik Roma]]<ref>{{Cite news|url = http://www.abc.net.au/austory/content/2007/s2645849.htm|title= Malcolm Turnbull interview with Belinda Hawkins|publisher=ABC Australia|date = August 3, 2009}}</ref>
| website = {{URL|http://www.malcolmturnbull.com.au|Official website}}
}}
'''Malcolm Bligh Turnbull''' (lahir 24 Oktober 1954) adalah [[Perdana Menteri Australia|Perdana Menteri]] Australia sekaligus Ketua [[Partai Liberal Australia|Partai Liberal]]. Ia akan menggantikan [[Tony Abbott]] sebagai [[Daftar Perdana Menteri Australia|perdana menteri Australia ke-29]] setelah [[Oath of Allegiance (Australia)#Oath of Allegiance|dilantik]] oleh [[Gubernur Jenderal Australia|Gubernur Jenderal]] Sir [[Peter Cosgrove]].
Turnbull bersekolah di [[Sydney Grammar School]], lalu melanjutkan pendidikannya di [[Universitas Sydney]] dan mendapatkan gelar di bidang kesenian dan hukum. Ia kemudian kuliah di [[Brasenose College, Oxford]], sebagai penerima beasiswa [[Rhodes Scholarship]], dan mendapatkan gelar [[Bachelor of Civil Law]]. Sebelum memasuki dunia politik, Turnbull bekerja sebagai wartawan, pengacara, [[bankir investasi]], dan [[pemodal usaha]]. Ia menjadi Ketua [[Gerakan Republik Australia]] sejak tahun 1993 sampai 2000.
Setelah menjabat sebagai menteri di kabinet [[pemerintahan Howard]], Turnbull [[pemilihan ketua Partai Liberal Australia 2008|diangkat]] sebagai Ketua Partai Liberal sekaligus [[Daftar ketua oposisi Australia|Ketua Oposisi]] pada September 2008. Pada November 2009, Partai Liberal terbelah setelah ia meminta partai mendukung [[Skema Pengurangan Polusi Karbon]] yang diusung oleh [[Partai Buruh Australia|pemerintahan Partai Buruh]]. Dalam [[pemilihan ketua Partai Liberal Australia 2009|pemilihan ketua partai]] bulan Desember, Turnbull dikalahkan oleh [[Tony Abbott]] dengan selisih satu suara. Walaupun sempat memikirkan untuk meninggalkan dunia politik, Turnbull memilih untuk melanjutkan karirnya dan kemudian dilantik oleh Abbott sebagai [[Menteri Komunikasi Australia]] setelah kemenangan [[Koalisi Liberal/Nasional]] di [[pemilihan umum federal Australia 2013]]. Turnbull menjabat sebagai [[Menteri Komunikasi (Australia)|Menteri Komunikasi]] di kabinet [[pemerintahan Abbott]] sejak 2013 sampai September 2015.
Setelah mengamati hasil survei yang tidak menguntungkan koalisi pemerintahan, ia kemudian mengundurkan diri untuk merebut jabatan ketua partai dari Abbott. Dalam [[pemilihan ketua Partai Liberal Australia September 2015|pemilihan ketua 2015]], Turnbull mengalahkan Abbott dengan perolehan 54 suara versus 44 suara. Ia kemudian dilantik sebagai perdana menteri pada hari yang sama. [[Pemerintahan Turnbull]] menginisiasi program Agenda Nasional Inovasi dan Sains sebagai kebijakan ekonomi pentingnya, mendorong pendidikan [[STEM]], menambah [[modal ventura]] untuk [[perusahaan rintisan]] dan meluncurkan "boom ide".<ref>{{cite news|last1=Borrello|first1=Eliza|date=7 December 2015|title=Innovation statement: PM Malcolm Turnbull calls for 'ideas boom' as he unveils $1b vision for Australia's future|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-12-07/pm-malcolm-turnbull-unveils-$1-billion-innovation-program/7006952|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108110037/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-12-07/pm-malcolm-turnbull-unveils-$1-billion-innovation-program/7006952|archive-date=8 November 2020|access-date=20 October 2020|website=ABC News|url-status=live}}</ref> Turnbull juga meluncurkan "penawaran kota" dengan pemerintah lokal dan negara bagian untuk meningkatkan hasil perencanaan dan mendorong investasi ke dalam beberapa proyek infrastruktur seperti [[Bandara Udara Sydney Barat]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Dole|first1=Nick|date=24 March 2016|title=UK 'city deals' model to be adapted for Australia under Malcolm Turnbull's cities plan|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-03-25/uk-city-model-to-be-adapted-for-australia/7276252|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108091843/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-03-25/uk-city-model-to-be-adapted-for-australia/7276252|archive-date=8 November 2020|access-date=20 October 2020|website=ABC News|url-status=live}}</ref> Pada 2016, Turnbull memimpin Koalisi atas kemenangan tipis di [[Pemilihan umum federal Australia 2016|pemilihan pembubaran ganda]].<ref name="lead2">{{cite web|title=Party representation – 2016 Tally Room: AEC|url=http://vtr.aec.gov.au/HousePartyRepresentationLeading-20499.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160720071728/http://vtr.aec.gov.au/HousePartyRepresentationLeading-20499.htm|archive-date=20 July 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Sejak pensiun dari dunia politik, Turnbull telah menjadi penasihat Kasada, sebuah perusahaan rintisan [[keamanan siber]] Australia.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Eyers|first1=James|date=22 June 2020|title=Turnbull joins Kasada board, touts Huawei foresight|url=https://www.afr.com/technology/turnbull-joins-kasada-board-touts-huawei-foresight-20200621-p554s1|website=Australian Financial Review|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022183057/https://www.afr.com/technology/turnbull-joins-kasada-board-touts-huawei-foresight-20200621-p554s1|archive-date=22 October 2020|access-date=20 October 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Dia kritis terhadap arah Partai Liberal, dan bergabung dengan mantan lawannya [[Kevin Rudd]] dalam mengkritik dominasi [[News Corp (2013-sekarang)|News Corp]] milik [[Rupert Murdoch]] dalam debat politik Australia.
== Kehidupan awal dan pendidikan ==
Malcolm Bligh Turnbull lahir pada 24 Oktober 1954 di [[Sydney]]. Ia adalah seorang anak tunggal oleh Bruce Bligh Turnbull dan [[Coral Magnolia Lansbury]]. Ayahnya adalah seorang broker hotel sementara ibunya adalah seorang aktor radio, penulis dan cedekiawan, dan merupakan sepupu jauh dari aktor film dan televisi Inggris [[Angela Lansbury]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Obituary – Coral Magnolia Lansbury – Obituaries Australia|url=http://oa.anu.edu.au/obituary/lansbury-coral-magnolia-17182|work=anu.edu.au|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029072452/http://oa.anu.edu.au/obituary/lansbury-coral-magnolia-17182|archive-date=29 October 2020|access-date=16 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="adb">{{cite web|last=Nolan|first=Melanie|year=2021|title=Lansbury, Coral Magnolia (1929–1991)|url=http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/lansbury-coral-magnolia-17182|publisher=[[Australian Dictionary of Biography]], National Centre of Biography, [[Australian National University]]|orig-year=2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904210940/http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/lansbury-coral-magnolia-17182|archive-date=4 September 2015|access-date=15 September 2015|quote=Lansbury was to marry three times. Her first marriage, on 20 February 1953 at the registrar general’s office, Sydney, was to the sixty-four-year-old veteran actor and producer George Harold Edwards; it was his fourth. He contracted pneumonia and was hospitalised two days after the wedding; six months later he died. Lansbury’s son, Malcolm Turnbull, was born in October 1954; she married his father, Bruce Bligh Turnbull, electrician and later a travelling salesman, on 29 December 1955 at Campbell Street Presbyterian Church, Balmain. Malcolm was sent as a boarder to Sydney Grammar School in 1963, and Bruce took care of him when Lansbury left the marriage soon after. She married John (Jock) Salmon after their respective divorces.|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Fowler-1991">{{cite news|last=Fowler|first=Glenn|date=4 April 1991|title=Coral Lansbury, 61, a Novelist And Victorian Scholar, Is Dead|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0CE6D9153EF937A35757C0A967958260|newspaper=[[The New York Times|New York Times]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150525223119/http://www.nytimes.com/1991/04/04/obituaries/coral-lansbury-61-a-novelist-and-victorian-scholar-is-dead.html|archive-date=25 May 2015|access-date=27 April 2010|url-access=registration|url-status=live}}</ref> Nenek dari pihak ibunya, May Lansbury lahir di [[Inggris]], sementara kakek-nenek lainnya sudah lahir di Australia.<ref name="adb" /><ref>{{cite news|date=17 September 2008|title=Will privilege drown his message?|url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/national/will-privilege-drown-his-message/2008/09/16/1221330837605.html?page=fullpage#contentSwap2|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924202657/http://www.smh.com.au/news/national/will-privilege-drown-his-message/2008/09/16/1221330837605.html?page=fullpage#contentSwap2|archive-date=24 September 2015|access-date=18 March 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> Ia juga merupakan keturunan [[Orang Skotlandia|Skotlandia]]; kakek buyutnya John Turnbull (1751–1834) tiba di ''[[Coromandel (kapal 1793)|Coromandel]]'' pada tahun 1802 di [[New South Wales]] dan menjadi penjahit. Dalam sebuah wawancara pada tahun 2015, Turnbull mengatakan bahwa nama tengahnya "Bligh" telah menjadi tradisi keluarga selama beberapa generasi, awalnya diberikan untuk menghormati Gubernur [[William Bligh]].<ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/austory/content/2015/s4316999.htm Malcolm Turnbull – Extended Interview Transcript] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160811193555/http://www.abc.net.au/austory/content/2015/s4316999.htm|date=11 August 2016}} – PROGRAM TRANSCRIPT: Monday, 21 September 2015 Malcolm Turnbull interview with Belinda Hawkins</ref> Orang tua Turnbull resmi menikah pada Desember 1955, 14 bulan setelah kelahirannya.<ref>{{cite dictionary|url=http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/lansbury-coral-magnolia-17182|dictionary=[[Australian Dictionary of Biography]]|year=2015|author=Melanie Nolan|title=Lansbury, Coral Magnolia (1929–1991)|publisher=National Centre of Biography, Australian National University|access-date=14 September 2015|archive-date=4 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904210940/http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/lansbury-coral-magnolia-17182|url-status=live}}</ref> Keluarga Turnbull tinggal di sebuah flat dengan dua kamar tidur di [[Vaucluse, New South Wales|Vaucluse]], tempat Turnbull bersekolah di [[Sekolah Umum Vaucluse|sekolah umum terdekat]].<ref name="Turnbull">Turnbull (2020), p. 11</ref> Pernikahan Bruce dan Coral tidak bahagia, dan Turnbull menulis bahwa pasangan tersebut jarang tidur atau menghabiskan waktu bersama, hanya tetap menikah karena dirinya sendiri.<ref name="Turnbull" /> Coral sering meremehkan suaminya karena kurangnya pendidikan dan bahwa nasib keluarga bergantung padanya. Coral mulai menghabiskan lebih banyak waktu bersama John Salmon, seorang profesor sejarah di [[Universitas New South Wales]]. Ketika Turnbull berusia sembilan tahun, Salmon menerima jabatan mengajar di Selandia Baru, dan Coral ikut bersamanya, mengakhiri pernikahan. Bruce memberi tahu Turnbull bahwa Coral sedang belajar untuk mendapatkan gelar lain, yang meskipun Coral mendapatkan gelar PhD di Selandia Baru, merupakan upaya Bruce untuk menyembunyikan fakta bahwa Coral telah meninggalkannya.<ref>Turnbull (2020), p. 12-13</ref> Turnbull sejak saat itu dibesarkan hanya oleh ayahnya.<ref name="Ackland-20032">{{cite news|last=Ackland|first=Richard|author-link=Richard Ackland|date=17 October 2003|title=A sureness that weakens Turnbull's case|url=http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2003/10/16/1065917548326.html?from=storyrhs|work=[[Sydney Morning Herald]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071209015631/http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2003/10/16/1065917548326.html?from=storyrhs|archive-date=9 December 2007|access-date=10 September 2007|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Lee|first=Sandra|date=3 December 2006|title=A leader in waiting?|url=http://www.news.com.au/dailytelegraph/story/0,22049,20853389-5001031,00.html|newspaper=[[Daily Telegraph (Sydney)|The Daily Telegraph]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216121826/http://www.news.com.au/dailytelegraph/story/0,22049,20853389-5001031,00.html|archive-date=16 December 2008|access-date=11 September 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Peacock|first=Matt|date=8 November 2007|title=Turnbull battles for Wentworth|url=http://www.abc.net.au/7.30/content/2007/s2085244.htm|work=[[The 7.30 Report]]|publisher=[[ABC Television (Australian TV network)|ABC TV]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071109071053/http://www.abc.net.au/7.30/content/2007/s2085244.htm|archive-date=9 November 2007|access-date=9 November 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="randomhouse">{{cite web|title=Born to Rule: The unauthorised biography of Malcolm Turnbull by Paddy Manning – Books – Random House Books Australia|url=http://www.randomhouse.com.au/books/paddy-manning/born-to-rule-the-unauthorised-biography-of-malcolm-turnbull-9780522868807.aspx|website=Random House Australia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160806215220/http://www.randomhouse.com.au/books/paddy-manning/born-to-rule-the-unauthorised-biography-of-malcolm-turnbull-9780522868807.aspx|archive-date=6 August 2016|access-date=25 October 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> Turnbull menderita [[asma]] saat masih kecil.<ref name="Paddy Manning">{{cite news|author=Paddy Manning|title=The lonely childhood of Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull|url=http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/the-lonely-childhood-of-prime-minister-malcolm-turnbull-20151022-gkfi6c.html|newspaper=[[Sydney Morning Herald]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018060320/http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/the-lonely-childhood-of-prime-minister-malcolm-turnbull-20151022-gkfi6c.html|archive-date=18 October 2017|access-date=14 December 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>
Setelah menghabiskan 3 tahun pertama di [[Sekolah Umum Vaucluse]] dia mulai bersekolah di Sydney Grammar School di St Ives. Turnbull menulis bahwa dia benci sekolah berasrama, karena dia diintimidasi karena mengompol.<ref>Turnbull (2020), p. 12-13</ref> Bruce, yang kini menjadi ayah tunggal, kesulitan membayar biaya sekolah, menyebabkan banyak surat dikirim ke kediaman Turnbull dari bendahara sekolah.<ref>Turnbull (2020), p. 14</ref> Masalah keuangan ini memaksa keluarga Turnbull untuk pindah dari Vaucluse ke sebuah flat kecil di Double Bay, tempat mereka tinggal tanpa banyak perabotan.<ref>Turnbull (2020) p. 14-15</ref> Turnbull kemudian mulai bersekolah di kampus sekolah menengah Grammar di College Street, dengan beasiswa parsial.<ref>{{cite web|last=Manning|first=Paddy|date=23 October 2015|title=The lonely childhood of Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull|url=https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/the-lonely-childhood-of-prime-minister-malcolm-turnbull-20151022-gkfi6c.html|website=The Sydney Morning Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018060320/http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/the-lonely-childhood-of-prime-minister-malcolm-turnbull-20151022-gkfi6c.html|archive-date=18 October 2017|access-date=25 August 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Selama ini dia tinggal di bekas fasilitas asrama sekolah Randwick.<ref name="Clune-2013">{{cite web|last=Clune|first=Richard|date=1 March 2013|title=GQ&A with Malcolm Turnbull|url=https://www.gq.com.au/life/people/gq+a+with+malcolm+turnbull,22392|work=GQ|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230234610/http://www.gq.com.au/life/people/gq+a+with+malcolm+turnbull,22392|archive-date=30 December 2013|access-date=19 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Biography|url=http://www.malcolmturnbull.com.au/meet-malcolm/biography|publisher=Malcolm Turnbull MP|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140114145953/http://www.malcolmturnbull.com.au/meet-malcolm/biography|archive-date=14 January 2014|access-date=29 December 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Q&A">{{cite web|date=20 December 2018|title=Panellist: Malcolm Turnbull|url=http://www.abc.net.au/tv/qanda/txt/s2926624.htm|work=Q&A|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102024559/http://www.abc.net.au/tv/qanda/txt/s2926624.htm|archive-date=2 January 2014|access-date=29 December 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Overington-2008">{{cite news|last1=Overington|first1=Caroline|author-link1=Caroline Overington|last2=Madden|first2=James|date=17 September 2008|title=I'm no silvertail, says new leader Malcolm Turnbull|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/archive/politics/im-no-silvertail-says-new-leader/story-e6frgczf-1111117505479|newspaper=The Australian|publisher=News Limited|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160812064708/http://www.theaustralian.com.au/archive/politics/im-no-silvertail-says-new-leader/story-e6frgczf-1111117505479|archive-date=12 August 2016|access-date=29 December 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> Juga selama ini Bruce menikah lagi, dan bisnisnya terus berkembang. Keluarga Turnbull pindah ke sebuah apartemen besar di Point Piper, dan tekanan biaya sekolah berkurang.<ref>Turnbull (2020), p. 19</ref> Meskipun ahli matematika biasa-biasa saja, Turnbull unggul dalam bahasa Yunani, Inggris, dan Sejarah, dan bergabung dengan klub debat dan drama, di mana ia memenangkan Kompetisi Oratorium Lawrence Campbell dan masing-masing membintangi sejumlah drama [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]].<ref name="Paddy Manning" /><ref name="Clune-2013" /><ref>Turnbull (2020), p. 19-21</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Tovey|first=Josephine|date=16 December 2013|title=HSC results: Malcolm Turnbull recalls the day he received his results as wait for NSW students is almost over|url=http://www.turfcraft.com.au/news/metro/national/education/hsc-results-malcolm-turnbull-recalls-the-day-he-received-his-results-as-wait-for-nsw-students-is-almost-over/2681908.aspx?storypage=0|publisher=Turf Craft|archive-url=https://archive.today/20131229122011/http://www.turfcraft.com.au/news/metro/national/education/hsc-results-malcolm-turnbull-recalls-the-day-he-received-his-results-as-wait-for-nsw-students-is-almost-over/2681908.aspx?storypage=0|archive-date=29 December 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> Dia diangkat menjadi wakil kapten sekolah menengah atas pada tahun 1972,<ref>Turnbull (2020), p. 22</ref> namun, bertentangan dengan sumber tertentu, Turnbull bukanlah yang terbaik pada tahun kelulusannya di Sydney Grammar.<ref name="Overington-2008" /><ref name="McNicoll-2008">{{cite news|last=McNicoll|first=D. D.|date=19 September 2008|title=Dux-hunting season|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/dux-hunting-season/story-e6frg6n6-1111117522477|work=The Australian|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140522082637/http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/dux-hunting-season/story-e6frg6n6-1111117522477|archive-date=22 May 2014|access-date=29 December 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Pada tahun 1987, untuk mengenang mendiang ayahnya, ia mendirikan beasiswa Bruce Turnbull di Sydney Grammar, yang menawarkan remisi penuh biaya kepada siswa yang tidak mampu membayarnya.<ref name="Q&A" />
Pada tahun 1973, Turnbull kuliah di [[Universitas Sydney]], lulus dengan gelar Bachelor of Arts di bidang ilmu politik pada tahun 1977 dan Bachelor of Laws pada tahun 1978.<ref>{{cite web|title=Malcolm Turnbull's Life and Career at a Glance|url=http://www.businessreviewaustralia.com/leadership/2016/Malcolm-Turnbull's-Life-and-Career-at-a-Glance|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510072200/http://www.businessreviewaustralia.com/leadership/2016/Malcolm-Turnbull's-Life-and-Career-at-a-Glance|archive-date=10 May 2017|access-date=20 June 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="smhrise2">{{cite web|date=16 September 2008|title=The rise and rise of Malcolm Turnbull – National – smh.com.au|url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/national/the-rise-and-rise-of-malcolm-turnbull/2008/09/16/1221330800769.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160712125146/http://www.smh.com.au/news/national/the-rise-and-rise-of-malcolm-turnbull/2008/09/16/1221330800769.html|archive-date=12 July 2016|access-date=20 June 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author=Fell|first=Liz|author-link=Elizabeth Fell|date=2011|title=Malcolm Turnbull: A feisty interview with the Shadow Minister|url=https://researchbank.swinburne.edu.au/items/8e19d297-67ac-45e7-8f9f-d4565b67221f/1/|journal=Telecommunications Journal of Australia|volume=61|pages=2.1–2.10|doi=10.7790/tja.v61i1.191|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240217010152/https://researchbank.swinburne.edu.au/file/8e19d297-67ac-45e7-8f9f-d4565b67221f/1/tja_2011_vol61_no1_02-fell.pdf|archive-date=17 February 2024|url-status=live|number=1|hdl=1959.3/455311|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|url=http://sydney.edu.au/news/84.html?newsstoryid=12344|title=University of Sydney welcomes alumni to Cabinet|first=Kirsten|last=Andrews|publisher=University of Sydney|date=16 September 2013|access-date=29 December 2013|archive-date=30 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230235118/http://sydney.edu.au/news/84.html?newsstoryid=12344|url-status=live}}</ref> Turnbull menulis untuk surat kabar sekolah, [[Honi Soit|''Honi Soit'']], sebagian besar menulis tentang politik.<ref>Turnbull (2020), p. 24</ref> Turnbull juga mengunjungi mantan [[Daftar Perdana Menteri New South Wales]] [[Jack Lang]], berdiskusi mengenai keadaan politik tahun 1920an dan 1930an.<ref>Turnbull (2020), p. 25</ref> Selama masa studinya, ia terlibat dalam politik mahasiswa, menjabat sebagai direktur dewan Universitas Sydney Union dan anggota Dewan Perwakilan Mahasiswa.<ref>{{cite news|last=Jonscher|first=Samantha|date=22 September 2015|title=Peculiar Turnbullisms: Malcolm At Sydney Uni – Honi Soit|url=http://honisoit.com/2015/09/peculiar-turnbullisms-malcolm-at-sydney-uni/|publisher=[[Honi Soit]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222120359/http://honisoit.com/2015/09/peculiar-turnbullisms-malcolm-at-sydney-uni/|archive-date=22 December 2015|access-date=14 December 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Liz Hannan|title=Presidency a predictor of future political success|url=http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/presidency-a-predictor-of-future-political-success-20120914-25xoq.html|publisher=Smh.com.au|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111134802/http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/presidency-a-predictor-of-future-political-success-20120914-25xoq.html|archive-date=11 November 2016|access-date=14 December 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Ia juga bekerja paruh waktu sebagai jurnalis politik untuk ''[[Nation Review]]'', [[Radio 2SM]] dan [[Channel 9 (Australia)|Channel 9]], yang meliput politik negara.<ref name="smhrise2" /> Sekitar waktu ini, Turnbull akan bertemu dengan pengusaha Kerry Packer, yang kemudian dia lakukan pekerjaan hukum yang ekstensif.<ref>Turnbull (2020), p. 28-29</ref>
Pada tahun 1978, Turnbull memenangkan Beasiswa Rhodes dan kuliah di Brasenose College, Oxford, di mana ia belajar sebentar untuk mendapatkan gelar bisnis sebelum beralih ke gelar pascasarjana Sarjana Hukum Perdata dari tahun 1978 hingga 1980, dan lulus dengan pujian.<ref>{{cite web|title=Rhodes scholars|url=http://sydney.edu.au/alumni/our-alumni/recognition/rhodes-scholars.shtml|publisher=University of Sydney|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231001253/http://sydney.edu.au/alumni/our-alumni/recognition/rhodes-scholars.shtml|archive-date=31 December 2013|access-date=29 December 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>Turnbull (2020), p. 36</ref> Selama di Oxford, dia bekerja untuk ''[[The Sunday Times (Britania Raya)|The Sunday Times]]'' dan berkontribusi pada surat kabar dan majalah di Amerika Serikat dan Australia.<ref>{{cite news|last=Daley|first=Paul|date=21 September 2008|title=Team Kevin rattled as Malcolm eyes the middle|url=http://www.theage.com.au/opinion/team-kevin-rattled-as-malcolm-eyes-the-middle-20080920-4kmx.html|work=The Age|location=Melbourne|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216121414/http://www.theage.com.au/opinion/team-kevin-rattled-as-malcolm-eyes-the-middle-20080920-4kmx.html|archive-date=16 December 2008|access-date=27 April 2010|url-status=live}}{{better source needed|date=June 2024|reason=No mentions of The Sunday Times found, use another source or quote this one properly.}}</ref> Ia berteman dengan perdana menteri Britania Raya masa depan [[Theresa May]] yang memuji Turnbull karena mendorong suaminya [[Philip May]] untuk melamarnya.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bryant|first=Nick|date=2023-06-22|title=The prime minister factory: How a UK uni is shaping Australian life|url=https://www.smh.com.au/world/europe/the-prime-minister-factory-why-is-a-uk-uni-shaping-australian-life-20230518-p5d9h9.html|website=The Sydney Morning Herald|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826214609/https://www.smh.com.au/world/europe/the-prime-minister-factory-why-is-a-uk-uni-shaping-australian-life-20230518-p5d9h9.html|archive-date=26 August 2023|access-date=2023-08-26|quote=As a law student at Oxford in the late 1970s, Malcolm Turnbull befriended the future Conservative prime minister Theresa May. Indeed, she credits Turnbull for nudging her husband, Philip, another Oxford contemporary, into proposing.|url-access=registration|url-status=live}}</ref> Turnbull juga menemukan bakal istrinya, [[Lucy Hughes]] pada masa kuliahnya.<ref>Turnbull (2020), p. 38</ref> Selama masa Turnbull di Oxford, seorang don universitas menulis tentang dia bahwa dia "selalu akan memasuki ruangan kehidupan tanpa mengetuk pintu".<ref>{{cite news|date=19 September 2015|title=Turnbull's turn|url=https://www.economist.com/news/asia/21665053-yet-another-prime-minister-removed-and-assassin-malcolm-turnbull-promises|newspaper=[[The Economist]]|location=Sydney|archive-url=https://archive.today/20220718124027/https://www.economist.com/asia/2015/09/19/turnbulls-turn|archive-date=18 July 2022|quote=In the late 1970s Mr Turnbull was a Rhodes scholar at Oxford, where a don wrote of him that he was “always going to enter life’s rooms without knocking”. Back in Australia he made his name as a lawyer and a fortune as a banker and IT entrepreneur.|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
== Karir profesional ==
=== Komisi Costigan ===
Setelah lulus dari Oxford, Turnbull kembali ke Australia dan mulai bekerja sebagai pengacara. Beliau adalah penasihat umum dan sekretaris Australian Consolidated Press Holdings Group dari tahun 1983 hingga 1985.<ref name="John Lyons-2014">{{cite news|author=John Lyons|date=16 September 2014|title=Raging Turnbull|url=http://www.smh.com.au/good-weekend/gw-classics/raging-turnbull-20140904-10c7ye.html|newspaper=[[Sydney Morning Herald]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170415203249/http://www.smh.com.au/good-weekend/gw-classics/raging-turnbull-20140904-10c7ye.html|archive-date=15 April 2017|access-date=15 April 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Selama ini, dia membela [[Kerry Packer]] dari tuduhan "Goanna" yang dibuat oleh [[Komisi Costigan]], menuduh Packer melakukan pembunuhan manajer bank Ian Coote, dan kejahatan lainnya. Komisi yakin bahwa Packer melakukan pembunuhan tersebut untuk menyembunyikan kegiatan kriminal lainnya.<ref>Turnbull (2020), p. 49</ref> Turnbull berusaha menggunakan pers untuk membujuk penasihat yang membantu komisi, Douglas Meagher QC, untuk menuntut dia dan Packer atas pernyataan 6000 kata yang dengan sengaja mencemarkan nama baik Costigan dan Meagher, menuduh mereka "tidak adil, berubah-ubah, tidak jujur, dan jahat".<ref>Turnbull (2020), p. 50-51</ref> Pernyataan itu berhasil, dan dicetak secara penuh di banyak surat kabar, sehingga meningkatkan opini publik terhadap Packer.<ref>Turnbull (2020), p. 51</ref> Turnbull kemudian menyarankan Packer untuk menuntut Meagher atas pencemaran nama baik, sebuah tindakan yang dianggap oleh Hakim [[David Hunt]] sebagai [[penyalahgunaan proses]], dengan mengatakan bahwa Turnbull telah berhasil "meracuni sumber keadilan".<ref name="John Lyons-20142">{{cite news|author=John Lyons|date=16 September 2014|title=Raging Turnbull|url=http://www.smh.com.au/good-weekend/gw-classics/raging-turnbull-20140904-10c7ye.html|newspaper=[[Sydney Morning Herald]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170415203249/http://www.smh.com.au/good-weekend/gw-classics/raging-turnbull-20140904-10c7ye.html|archive-date=15 April 2017|access-date=15 April 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Taktik ini membuat Turnbull menjadi musuh di Asosiasi Pengacara NSW, yang menyebabkan keluarnya Turnbull dari organisasi tersebut. Setelah temuan Komisi Costigan diturunkan, menuduh Packer melakukan penggelapan pajak, perdagangan narkoba dan pembunuhan, Turnbull menelepon [[Perdana Menteri Queensland]] [[Joh Bjelke-Petersen]], meminta penyelidikan atas temuan Komisi.<ref name="John Lyons-2014" /> Bjelke-Petersen setuju untuk mengadakan pemeriksaan tersebut, yang membantah tuduhan Komisi Costigan bahwa Packer telah melakukan pembunuhan.<ref>Turnbull (2020), p. 53-54</ref>
=== Pekerjaan lainnya ===
Pada 1987, Turnbull mendirikan perusahaan perbankan investasi dengan nama Whitlam Turnbull & Co Ltd bersama dengan mantan [[Perdana Menteri New South Wales]] [[Neville Wran]] dan mantan ketua eksekutif [[State Bank of New South Wales]] dan anak Perdana Menteri [[Gough Whitlam]], [[Nicholas Whitlam]]. Whitlam memisahkan diri dari perusahaan tersebut pada 1990 dan perusahaan itu beroperasi dengan nama Turnbull & Partners Co Ltd sampai 1997.
Turnbull meninggalkan perusahaan yang ia dirikan untuk menjabat sebagai direktur pelaksana [[Goldman Sachs]] Australia dan pada akhirnya menjadi mitra di Goldman Sachs and Co. Selain itu, ia bekerja sebagai direktur Star Technology Systems dari tahun 1993 hingga 1995. Selama masa ini Turnbull juga menjabat sebagai ketua Axiom Forest Resources, yang melakukan penebangan di Kepulauan Solomon dengan nama dagang Silvania Forest Products. Pekerjaan yang terakhir ini dijelaskan oleh [[Biro Bantuan Pembangunan Internasional Australia]] sebagai "operasi penebangan habis",<ref>Silmalis, Linda (28 February 2009). Malcolm Turnbull linked to mass logging operation in Solomon Islands, ''The Sunday Telegraph''. Reposted from the original, 2 March 2009: ''[https://malumnalu.blogspot.com/2009/03/malcolm-turnbull-linked-to-mass-logging.html Malum Nalu – Happenings in Papua New Guinea] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201214075416/https://malumnalu.blogspot.com/2009/03/malcolm-turnbull-linked-to-mass-logging.html|date=14 December 2020}}'' Retrieved 27 December 2020.</ref> dan [[Perdana Menteri Kepulauan Solomon]] saat itu, [[Solomon Mamaloni]], dilaporkan mengancam akan menutupnya karena "pelanggaran terus-menerus terhadap praktik penebangan", menurut sebuah artikel kritis di ''[[Solomon Times]]''.<ref>{{cite news|date=21 September 2008|title=A Former Logger Becomes Australian Federal Opposition Leader|url=http://www.solomontimes.com/news.aspx?nwID=2632|work=Solomon Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216122651/http://www.solomontimes.com/news.aspx?nwID=2632|archive-date=16 December 2008|access-date=21 September 2008|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Randhawa|first=Sonia|date=26 September 2008|title=Turnbull's logging background raises questions|url=http://www.radioaustralia.net.au/programguide/stories/200809/s2375448.htm|work=[[ABC Radio Australia]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216122450/http://www.radioaustralia.net.au/programguide/stories/200809/s2375448.htm|archive-date=16 December 2008|access-date=27 July 2014}}</ref>
== Awal karir politik ==
Pada 1981, Turnbull mengikuti proses pra-seleksi [[Partai Liberal Australia]] untuk [[Divisi Wentworth|Wentworth]] sebelum pemilihan sela Wentworth 1981. Ia dikalahkan oleh [[Peter Coleman]] yang kemudian memenangkan kursi parlemen tersebut.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ackland|first=Richard|date=2003-10-17|title=A sureness that weakens Turnbull's case|url=https://www.smh.com.au/opinion/a-sureness-that-weakens-turnbulls-case-20031017-gdhlov.html|website=The Sydney Morning Herald|language=en|access-date=2024-11-10}}</ref> Menjelang pensiunnya pada tahun 1982, mantan perdana menteri [[William McMahon]] menominasi Turnbull untuk mengambil kursinya di [[Division of Lowe|Lowe]], namun Partai Liberal memilih kandidat lain dan kalah di pemilihan sela tersebut oleh [[Partai Buruh Australia]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=1982-01-06|title=McMahon's 'suggestion for Lowe candidate'|url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/126869850|newspaper=Canberra Times|access-date=2024-11-10}}</ref> Turnbull kemudian mengikuti pra-seleksi di kursi parlemen yang aman di [[Division of Mosman|Mosman]] pada 1983, namun kalah oleh [[Philip Smiles]]. Turnbull kemudian meninggalkan keanggotan Partai Liberal pada 1986 sebelum bergabung kembali pada tahun 2000.<ref>{{cite news|author=Wright, Lincoln|date=22 December 2000|title=PM backs republican Turnbull for spot on think-tank board|newspaper=The Canberra Times|page=3}}</ref> Turnbull kemudian ditunjuk sebagai bendahara federal Partai Liberal pada tahun 2000, dan menjadi seorang anggota eksekutif level federal dan New South Wales dari 2002 sampai 2003. Ia juga menghabiskan waktu sebagai direktur [[Menzies Research Center]], wadah pemikiran Partai Liberal.
=== Gerakan Republikanisme Australia ===
Pada 1993, Perdana Menteri [[Paul Keating]] menunjuk Turnbull sebagai Ketua Komite Penasihat Republik, sebuah komite eksplorasi bentuk pemerintahan republik dengan tujuan mengganti [[Kerajaan Australia|Ratu Australia]] dengan pemimpin terpilih sebagai kepala negara Australia. Akhir tahun itu, Turnbull menjadi ketua umum [[Gerakan Republik Australia]], sebuah posisi yang ia jabat sampai tahun 2000. Turnbull terpilih sebagai anggota [[Konvensi Konstitusi Australia 1998]] di [[Canberra]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Vizard, Steve|year=1998|title=Two Weeks in Lilliput: Bear Baiting and Backbiting At the Constitutional Convention|publisher=Penguin|isbn=0-14-027983-0|author-link=Steve Vizard}}</ref> Di konvensi tersebut, Turnbull menyatakan ketidaksetujuannya dalam mencampuri wewenang kepala negara dan kepala pemerintahan, mengadvokasi sistem negara [[republik parlementer]], dan mendukung model republikan pengangkatan bi-partisan untuk di adopsi kedalam konvensi.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Age and Sydney Morning Herald – Australia's Constitutional Convention 1998|url=http://www.theage.com.au/republic98/hansard/hans4.html|work=Pandora|publisher=[[National Library of Australia]]|archive-url=https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/19991210000000/http:/www.theage.com.au/republic98/hansard/hans4.html|archive-date=10 December 1999|access-date=31 July 2012|url-status=dead}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
Turnbull juga aktif mengkampanyekan referendum 1999 yang akan menentukan apakah Australia akan tetap mengadopsi sistem [[Monarki konstitusional|kerajaan konstitusional]] atau [[republik]]. Ia menjabat sebagai juru kampanye yang pro-republikan. Ia juga menulis sebuah buku yang berjudul ''Fighting for the Republic''. Saat referendum tersebut gagal, Turnbull menuduh Perdana Menteri [[John Howard]], seorang monarkis dan penentang republikanisme, atas "menghancurkan hati bangsa".<ref name="tguard">{{cite news|date=27 November 2014|title=Australia's new PM: Liberal party stands back to watch the 'Malcolm experiment' – The Guardian 15 September 2015|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2015/sep/15/malcolm-turnbull-australia-new-pm-prime-minister-profile-liberal-party|newspaper=[[The Guardian Australia]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222124202/http://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2015/sep/15/malcolm-turnbull-australia-new-pm-prime-minister-profile-liberal-party|archive-date=22 December 2015|access-date=14 December 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Turnbull pensiun dari Gerakan Republik Australia pada tahun 2000, setelah meninggalkan dewan [[Ausflag]] pada tahun 1994. Ia kemudian bergabung ke [[Asosiasi Bendera Nasional Australia]] pada tahun 2004.<ref>{{cite web|title=Malcolm Turnbull joins the Australian National Flag Association|url=http://www.ausflag.com.au/debate/nma/aus040820.html|publisher=[[Ausflag]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070407190933/http://www.ausflag.com.au/debate/nma/aus040820.html|archive-date=7 April 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref>
=== Pilihan partai politik ===
Selama karir politiknya, Malcolm Turnbull melekat pada ideologi [[Partai Liberal Australia]]. Namun, saat menjadi seorang advokat untuk gerakan republikanisme Australia, ia sempat memikirkan untuk bergabung ke dalam [[Partai Buruh Australia]]. Ibu Turnbull merupakan teman dekat dengan [[Perdana Menteri New South Wales]] [[Neville Wran]] dan [[Senator Australia|Senator]] [[Lionel Murphy]], yang sempat berkencan padanya saat masa kuliah. Turnbull sendiri juga berteman dengan seorang Perdana Menteri, [[Bob Carr]].<ref>Turnbull (2020), p. 23</ref> Pada 2015, terungkap hal bahwa Turnbull sempat mengadakan pertemuan dengan politikus Buruh [[John Della Bosca]] pada tahun 1990an mengenai potensi ganti partai, dan Turnbull memiliki aspirasi untuk menjadi ketua [[Serikat Pekerja Australia]] (AWU) yang terhubung dengan Partai Buruh pada masa mudanya.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Clennell|first1=Andrew|date=15 September 2015|title=How young Malcolm Turnbull dreamt of being a union leader and nearly ran for Labor|url=http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/nsw/how-young-malcolm-turnbull-dreamt-of-being-a-union-leader-and-nearly-ran-for-labor/news-story/a0f0ae8703e02129b98e9ade8a61054f|newspaper=Daily Telegraph|access-date=20 June 2016}}</ref> Tuduhan tersebut yang dibuat oleh [[Bob Carr]] dan kemudian dikutip oleh Ketua Oposisi [[Bill Shorten]] di sidang [[Komisi Kerajaan untuk Tata Kelola dan Korupsi Serikat Pekerja]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Butler|first1=Josh|date=12 November 2015|title=Bill Shorten Claims Malcolm Turnbull Wanted To Be Secretary of the AWU|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com.au/2015/11/12/shorten-turnbull-awu_n_8540670.html|work=The Huffington Post|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160302220007/http://www.huffingtonpost.com.au/2015/11/12/shorten-turnbull-awu_n_8540670.html|archive-date=2 March 2016|access-date=24 February 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
== Pemerintahan John Howard ==
=== Masuk ke Parlemen ===
Pada tahun 2000, Turnbull kembali memikirkan untuk mengikuti pra-seleksi Partai Liberal untuk [[Division of Wentworth|Wentworth]] namun memilih untuk tidak berkontestasi setelah kandidat lainnya [[Peter King]] memiliki jumlah dukungan yang cukup di cabang tersebut.<ref name="smhrise2" /> Turnbull kemudian memutuskan untuk melawan King pada 2003 untuk kursi tersebut dan Turnbull sukses mengalahkannya untuk menjadi kandidat Liberal.<ref name="smhrise2" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Lateline – 14/10/2003: Turnbull sets sights on Wentworth. Australian Broadcasting Corp|url=http://www.abc.net.au/lateline/content/2003/s967026.htm|website=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160731034322/http://www.abc.net.au/lateline/content/2003/s967026.htm|archive-date=31 July 2016|access-date=20 June 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Dalam proses pra-seleksi yang cukup mencegangkan, King menuduh Turnbull atas dugaan "penumpukan suara".<ref>{{cite web|author=Linda Mottram|date=14 October 2003|title=King criticises Turnbull's branch stacking tactics|url=http://www.abc.net.au/am/content/2003/s966267.htm|publisher=[[Australian Broadcasting Commission|ABC]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170416051443/http://www.abc.net.au/am/content/2003/s966267.htm|archive-date=16 April 2017|access-date=15 April 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
King kemudian maju sebagai kandidat independen melawan Turnbull pada pemilihan federal 2004. Sebagai konsekuensinya, Wentworth yang sebelumnya dikategorikan sebagai kursi aman untuk Partai Liberal berubah menjadi 'kartu liar' karena kontestasi tiga orang antara Turnbull, King, dan kandidat Partai Buruh David Patch. Selama kampanye tersebut, Turnbull menghabiskan A$600,000 untuk mendanai kampanyenya.<ref>{{cite web|year=2004|title=Candidate electoral return for the election held on 9 October 2004|url=http://fader.aec.gov.au/return/12246/FAD03/729.pdf|publisher=[[Australian Electoral Commission]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803190736/http://fader.aec.gov.au/return/12246/FAD03/729.pdf|archive-date=3 August 2016|access-date=28 August 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> Sementara suara utama Partai Liberal akhirnya turun sebesar 10,3% menjadi total 41,8%, King hanya menerima 18% suara utama dengan pembagian preferensi Liberal/Buruh 57%/43% yang berarti Turnbull terpilih, meskipun dengan selisih 55,5% suara dua partai setelah perubahan 2,4%. Hasilnya, Wentworth diklasifikasikan sebagai kursi marginal untuk pertama kalinya sejak pemilu federal tahun 1993.<ref>{{cite web|last=Commission|first=Australian Electoral|title=Division Distribution of Preferences|url=http://results.aec.gov.au/12246/results/HouseDivisionDop-12246-152.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160320032431/http://results.aec.gov.au/12246/results/HouseDivisionDop-12246-152.htm|archive-date=20 March 2016|access-date=20 June 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
=== Menteri Kabinet ===
Perdana Menteri [[John Howard]] pada masa jabatan keempatnya mengumumkan reshuffle kabinet pada 24 Januari 2006, dimana ia mengangkat Malcom Turnbull dari bangku belakang menjadi [[sekretaris parlemen]], memberinya tanggung jawab khusus atas air pada puncak kekeringan Australia tahun 2000-an.<ref name="Jenentt, Greg-2015">{{cite news|author=Jenentt, Greg|date=14 September 2015|title=Malcolm Turnbull: From international case-winning barrister to struggling opposition leader, 'Mr Broadband'|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-02-09/malcolm-turnbull-political-career-leadership-spill/6078656|newspaper=ABC News|publisher=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation|ABC]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150914225649/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-02-09/malcolm-turnbull-political-career-leadership-spill/6078656|archive-date=14 September 2015|access-date=14 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Pada tanggal 26 September 2006, Howard mengumumkan pembentukan Kantor Sumber Daya Air baru, yang berada di dalam Departemen Perdana Menteri dan Kabinet,<ref name="Turnbull aph">{{cite Au Parliament|mpid=884|name=Hon Malcolm Turnbull MP|access-date=2021-11-07}}</ref> untuk mengatasi masalah kekeringan di Australia; Turnbull diberi tanggung jawab atas kantor ini.
Pada Januari 2007, Turnbull kemudian diangkat masuk ke [[Kabinet Australia|Kabinet]] sebagai [[Menteri Lingkungan dan Air Australia]]. Di posisi ini, Turnbull menyetujui proposal Turnbull menyetujui usulan Pabrik Pulp Bell Bay senilai A$1,7 miliar di [[Tasmania]] utara, dekat [[Launceston, Tasmania|Launceston]].<ref name="Harrison-2007">{{cite news|last=Harrison|first=Dan|date=4 October 2007|title=Turnbull approves Tasmanian pulp mill|url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/green-light-for-pulp-mill/2007/10/04/1191091238327.html|work=[[The Age]]|location=Melbourne|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012220259/http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/green-light-for-pulp-mill/2007/10/04/1191091238327.html|archive-date=12 October 2007|access-date=19 November 2007|url-status=live}}</ref> Persetujuan Turnbull terhadap proyek Pabrik Pulp Bell Bay di Gunns diberikan pada tanggal 4 Oktober 2007 dan menyusul laporan kepala ilmuwan pemerintah [[Jim Peacock]] mengenai potensi dampak lingkungan dari proyek tersebut, yang mengharuskan proyek tersebut memenuhi 48 kondisi "lingkungan yang ketat".
Pada bulan Februari 2007, Turnbull dikritik karena mengklaim tunjangan pemerintah sebesar A$175 per malam dan membayarnya kepada istrinya sebagai uang sewa saat tinggal di townhouse miliknya di [[Canberra]].<ref>{{cite news|date=25 February 2007|title=Turnbull defends using travel allowance to pay rent at wife's house|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200702/s1856270.htm|work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]]|location=Australia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071207003742/http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200702/s1856270.htm|archive-date=7 December 2007|access-date=28 August 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Selama kampanye pemilu federal tahun 2007, Turnbull mengumumkan bahwa jika terpilih kembali, pemerintah akan menyumbangkan A$10 juta untuk penyelidikan teknologi Rusia yang belum teruji yang bertujuan untuk memicu curah hujan dari atmosfer, bahkan ketika tidak ada awan. Australian Rain Corporation menyajikan dokumen penelitian yang ditulis dalam bahasa Rusia, dijelaskan oleh seorang peneliti Rusia yang berbicara dengan pakar lokal dalam bahasa Rusia.<ref name="rainmaking gamble">{{cite news|date=20 November 2007|title=Turnbull pumps $10m into rainmaking gamble|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2007/11/20/2095678.htm|work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]]|location=Australia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071120171049/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2007/11/20/2095678.htm|archive-date=20 November 2007|access-date=21 November 2007|url-status=live}}</ref> Meskipun Turnbull mengklaim bahwa Australian Rain Corporation berbasis di Australia, penyelidikan mengungkapkan bahwa 75% perusahaan tersebut dimiliki oleh Swiss. Terungkap juga bahwa salah satu pemangku kepentingan terkemuka di Australian Rain Corporation, Matt Handbury, adalah keponakan [[Rupert Murdoch]]. Turnbull menolak menjawab pertanyaan mengenai kontribusi Handbury pada Forum Wentworth, organisasi penggalangan dana utama untuk kampanye pemilu Turnbull tahun 2007.<ref name="rainmaking gamble" />
== Oposisi ==
=== Dampak pemilihan umum 2007 ===
Turnbull terpilih kembali di Wentworth pada pemilu 2007 dengan hasil suara dua partai yang berayun 1.3% kepadanya, walaupun suara Partai Liberal melemah sebanyak 5.4% di level nasional.<ref>{{cite web|date=18 December 2007|title=House of Representatives Division First Preferences|url=http://results.aec.gov.au/13745/Website/HouseDivisionFirstPrefs-13745-152.htm|publisher=[[Australian Electoral Commission]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100809162938/http://results.aec.gov.au/13745/website/HouseDivisionFirstPrefs-13745-152.htm|archive-date=9 August 2010|access-date=13 June 2010|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Two Part Preferred by State|url=http://results.aec.gov.au/13745/Website/HouseTppByState-13745.htm|publisher=[[Australian Electoral Commission]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100726162407/http://results.aec.gov.au/13745/Website/HouseTppByState-13745.htm|archive-date=26 July 2010|access-date=27 April 2010|url-status=live}}</ref> Setelah [[John Howard]] kalah di [[Division of Bennelong|Bennelong]] pada 25 November 2007, [[Peter Costello]] yang Howard secara publik menyatakan bahwa ia bakal menggantikan Howard mengumumkan tidak akan berkontestasi dalam pemilihan ketua umum. Turnbull kemudian mencalonkan diri pada hari yang sama dan digadaikan oleh media sebagai kandidat favorit.<ref>{{cite news|date=25 November 2007|title=Media gather at Turnbull's residence|url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/National/Media-gather-at-Turnbulls-residence/2007/11/25/1195947546091.html|work=[[The Age]]|location=Melbourne|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071127123948/http://www.theage.com.au/news/National/Media-gather-at-Turnbulls-residence/2007/11/25/1195947546091.html|archive-date=27 November 2007|access-date=25 November 2007|url-status=live}}</ref>
Pada 29 November Turnbull kalah tipis dalam pemilihan ketua oleh [[Brendan Nelson]] dengan perbedaan tiga suara; Brendan Nelson dengan cepat menunjuk Turnbull sebagai Bendahara Bayangan.<ref name="Nelson">{{cite news|date=29 November 2007|title=Nelson wins Lib leadership|url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/nelson-new-libs-leader/2007/11/29/1196037040062.html|work=[[The Age]]|location=Melbourne|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071201184332/http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/nelson-new-libs-leader/2007/11/29/1196037040062.html|archive-date=1 December 2007|access-date=29 November 2007|url-status=live}}</ref> Tak lama setelah pemungutan suara, sesama Menteri Kabinet Bayangan [[Nick Minchin]] secara terbuka menyatakan bahwa kegagalan Turnbull untuk berkonsultasi dengan rekan-rekan partainya sebelum menyatakan pendapatnya kepada media mengenai isu-isu seperti permintaan maaf kepada Generasi Tercuri adalah hal yang telah merugikan kepemimpinannya.<ref>{{cite news|date=8 February 2008|title=Turnbull criticises Minchin for gibe|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/02/08/2157573.htm|work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]]|location=Australia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216121406/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/02/08/2157573.htm|archive-date=16 December 2008|access-date=27 April 2010|url-status=live}}</ref> Hal ini menyebabkan perselisihan di antara keduanya dan memuncak pada saat Minchin secara pribadi mengatakan kepada Turnbull bahwa dia "terlalu sensitif."<ref>{{cite news|author=Maiden, Samantha|date=8 February 2008|title=Minchin used f-word in Turnbull stoush|url=http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,23180714-5013871,00.html|work=[[The Australian]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216121844/http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,23180714-5013871,00.html|archive-date=16 December 2008|access-date=27 April 2010|url-status=live}}</ref> Pada bulan Mei 2008, Turnbull memimpin tanggapan Koalisi terhadap anggaran federal Australia tahun 2008, mengkritik kenaikan pajak atas mobil mewah. dan minuman beralkohol tertentu, dengan alasan kemungkinan peningkatan inflasi sebagai kekhawatiran.<ref>{{cite news|date=14 May 2008|title=Turnbull accuses Swan of 'voodoo economics'|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/05/14/2244944.htm?section=justin|work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]]|location=Australia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517125020/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/05/14/2244944.htm?section=justin|archive-date=17 May 2008|access-date=14 May 2008|url-status=live}}</ref>
=== Ketua Oposisi (2008–2009) ===
[[File:Centralcoastpresser.jpg|pra=https://en.wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/File:Centralcoastpresser.jpg|ka|jmpl|Turnbull dengan Wakil Ketua [[Julie Bishop]] (kanan) dan [[Helen Coonan]] (kiri) pada Juli 2009]]
Setelah berbulan-bulan melakukan jajak pendapat yang buruk secara konsisten, Turnbull menantang Brendan Nelson untuk kepemimpinan pada 16 September 2008. Dia memenangkan pemungutan suara dengan empat suara dan menjadi Ketua Oposisi. Belakangan pada bulan itu, Turnbull mengaku bahwa dia pernah menghisap [[ganja]] di masa mudanya, dan menjadi Pemimpin Liberal pertama yang membuat pengakuan seperti itu.<ref>{{cite news|date=26 September 2008|title=Turnbull mulls a misspent youth|url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/national/turnbull-mulls-a-misspent-youth/2008/09/26/1222217438603.html|work=[[Sydney Morning Herald]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219165059/http://www.smh.com.au/news/national/turnbull-mulls-a-misspent-youth/2008/09/26/1222217438603.html|archive-date=19 December 2013|access-date=22 January 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Pada awal tahun 2009, Turnbull menunjuk [[Chris Kenny]], mantan staf [[Alexander Downer]] dan jurnalis Pengiklan, sebagai kepala stafnya.<ref>{{cite news|date=7 January 2009|title=Turnbull appoints new right-hand man|url=http://www.smh.com.au/national/turnbull-appoints-new-right-hand-man-20090107-7bxb.html|work=Sydney Morning Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018052713/http://www.smh.com.au/national/turnbull-appoints-new-right-hand-man-20090107-7bxb.html|archive-date=18 October 2015|access-date=17 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Pada bulan Mei 2009, Turnbull mengkritik anggaran federal Australia tahun 2009 yang terjadi di tengah dampak krisis keuangan global.<ref>{{cite news|date=15 May 2009|title=Turnbull responds to budget|url=http://business.smh.com.au/business/federal-budget/turnbull-responds-to-budget-20090514-b4ni.html|work=[[Sydney Morning Herald]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090517013405/http://business.smh.com.au/business/federal-budget/turnbull-responds-to-budget-20090514-b4ni.html|archive-date=17 May 2009|access-date=27 April 2010|url-status=live}}</ref>
Pada bulan Juni 2009, Godwin Grech, seorang pegawai negeri sipil Departemen Keuangan, secara pribadi menghubungi Turnbull, menuduh bahwa dealer mobil yang memiliki hubungan dengan Partai Buruh telah menerima perlakuan istimewa di bawah program OzCar, yang memicu '[[urusan OzCar]]'. Turnbull kemudian mengulangi tuduhan ini di Parlemen, menyatakan bahwa Perdana Menteri [[Kevin Rudd]] dan Bendahara [[Wayne Swan]] telah "menggunakan kantor mereka dan sumber daya pembayar pajak untuk mencari keuntungan bagi salah satu teman mereka dan kemudian berbohong kepada Parlemen" dan bahwa mereka perlu " jelaskan tindakan mereka atau mengundurkan diri".<ref>{{cite news|date=20 June 2009|title=PM refers OzCar allegations to inquiry|url=http://www.abc.net.au/am/content/2009/s2603723.htm|work=[[AM (Australian radio series)|AM]]|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091208073157/http://www.abc.net.au/am/content/2009/s2603723.htm|archive-date=8 December 2009|access-date=25 November 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> Pada tanggal 22 Juni, email yang diam-diam diberikan Grech kepada tuduhan pendukung Turnbull diduga telah dipalsukan oleh Grech. Grech kemudian mengakui pemalsuan tersebut, dan penyelidikan Kantor Audit Nasional Australia pada tanggal 4 Agustus membebaskan Rudd dan Swan dari segala tuduhan.<ref>{{cite news|date=4 August 2009|title=Grech 'wrote fake email'|url=http://www.theage.com.au/national/grech-wrote-fake-email-20090804-e7fm.html|work=[[The Age]]|location=Melbourne|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091214022421/http://www.theage.com.au/national/grech-wrote-fake-email-20090804-e7fm.html|archive-date=14 December 2009|access-date=25 November 2009|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Saulwick-2009">{{cite news|last=Saulwick|first=Jacob|date=4 August 2009|title=Rudd, Swan cleared over OzCar scandal|url=http://www.smh.com.au/national/rudd-swan-cleared-over-ozcar-scandal-20090804-e7tk.html|work=[[Sydney Morning Herald]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091009021427/http://www.smh.com.au/national/rudd-swan-cleared-over-ozcar-scandal-20090804-e7tk.html|archive-date=9 October 2009|access-date=25 November 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> Rasa malu yang diakibatkan karena tuduhan palsu yang berulang-ulang, serta sikap Turnbull sepanjang urusan OzCar, dinilai sebagai penyebab penurunan signifikan dalam peringkat persetujuannya dalam jajak pendapat.<ref>{{cite news|last=Coorey|first=Phillip|date=29 June 2009|title=Malcolm Turnbull and Utegate | Liberal Party|url=http://www.smh.com.au/national/turnbull-hammered-by-voters-20090628-d1at.html|work=[[Sydney Morning Herald]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091012202340/http://www.smh.com.au/national/turnbull-hammered-by-voters-20090628-d1at.html|archive-date=12 October 2009|access-date=27 April 2010|url-status=live}}</ref>
Pada tanggal 24 November 2009, anggota parlemen dan Senator dari Partai Liberal dan [[Partai Nasional Australia|Nasional]] bertemu untuk membahas usulan Skema Pengurangan Polusi Karbon (CPRS) yang diusulkan oleh pemerintah Rudd. Turnbull mengumumkan bahwa kebijakannya adalah mendukung CPRS, meskipun ada perbedaan pendapat yang signifikan di antara rekan-rekannya.<ref>{{cite news|last=Franklin|first=Matthew|date=26 November 2009|title=Malcolm Turnbull sharpens the knife|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/politics/malccolm-turnbull-sharpens-the-knife/story-e6frgczf-1225803954519|work=[[The Australian]]|access-date=27 April 2010}}</ref> Sebagai respon, anggota parlemen dari Partai Liberal [[Wilson Tuckey]] dan [[Dennis Jensen]] berupaya melakukan mosi penumpahan kepemimpinan, berniat mencalonkan [[Kevin Andrews]] sebagai penantang Turnbull.<ref name="Coorey-2009">{{cite news|last=Coorey|first=Phillip|date=25 November 2009|title=Three quit as Turnbull survives|url=http://www.smh.com.au/national/three-quit-as-turnbull-survives-20091125-jp30.html?autostart=1|work=[[Sydney Morning Herald]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091125185047/http://www.smh.com.au/national/three-quit-as-turnbull-survives-20091125-jp30.html?autostart=1|archive-date=25 November 2009|access-date=25 November 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> Meskipun upaya ini gagal, semakin banyak anggota parlemen dan senator yang secara terbuka mengkritik posisi tersebut, dan beberapa diantaranya mengundurkan diri dari Kabinet Bayangan, termasuk [[Tony Abbott]].<ref name="Rodgers, Emma-2009">{{cite news|author=Rodgers, Emma|date=26 November 2009|title=Senior Liberals desert Turnbull|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2009/11/26/2754654.htm|work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]]|location=Australia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100201110222/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2009/11/26/2754654.htm?|archive-date=1 February 2010|access-date=27 April 2010|url-status=live}}</ref>
Pada 1 Desember 2009, satu minggu setelah Turnbull mengumumkan Skema Pengurangan Polusi Karbon, [[Tony Abbott]] mengumumkan bahwa ia akan menantang Turnbull untuk posisi ketua umum. Meskipun pada awalnya dianggap memiliki peluang sukses yang kecil, dengan Turnbull menyatakan di depan umum bahwa Abbott tidak memiliki angka untuk menang, Abbott mengalahkan Turnbull dalam pemungutan suara dengan perbedaan satu suara.<ref>{{cite news|date=1 December 2009|title=Shock win for Abbott in leadership vote|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2009/12/01/2758221.htm|work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]]|location=Australia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101124065002/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2009/12/01/2758221.htm|archive-date=24 November 2010|access-date=30 November 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> Setelah hasil yang mengejutkan tersebut, Turnbull kembali ke backbench dan mengatakan dia akan menjalani sisa masa jabatannya sebagai Anggota Wentworth.<ref>Nine Morning News, 1 December 2009.</ref> Pada tanggal 6 April 2010, ia mengumumkan bahwa ia tidak akan mencalonkan diri kembali di Parlemen Australia.<ref>{{cite news|author=Balogh, Stefanie|date=6 April 2010|title=Malcolm Turnbull to leave politics at next election|url=http://www.couriermail.com.au/news/malcolm-turnbull-to-leave-politics-at-next-election/story-e6freon6-1225850286921|work=[[The Courier-Mail]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120327001743/http://www.couriermail.com.au/news/malcolm-turnbull-to-leave-politics-at-next-election/story-e6freon6-1225850286921|archive-date=27 March 2012|access-date=27 April 2010|url-status=live}}</ref> Namun, pada tanggal 1 Mei 2010 ia membatalkan keputusan ini dengan mengatakan bahwa ia telah diyakinkan oleh mantan perdana menteri [[John Howard]] untuk tidak melepaskan karir politiknya.<ref name="reversal">{{cite news|date=1 May 2010|title=Turnbull reverses decision to quit|url=http://www.theage.com.au/national/turnbull-reverses-decision-to-quit-20100501-tzqq.html|work=[[The Age]]|location=Melbourne|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100502135928/http://www.theage.com.au/national/turnbull-reverses-decision-to-quit-20100501-tzqq.html|archive-date=2 May 2010|access-date=1 May 2010|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="tguard2">{{cite news|date=27 November 2014|title=Australia's new PM: Liberal party stands back to watch the 'Malcolm experiment' – The Guardian 15 September 2015|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2015/sep/15/malcolm-turnbull-australia-new-pm-prime-minister-profile-liberal-party|newspaper=[[The Guardian Australia]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222124202/http://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2015/sep/15/malcolm-turnbull-australia-new-pm-prime-minister-profile-liberal-party|archive-date=22 December 2015|access-date=14 December 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>
=== Menteri Bayangan (2010–2013) ===
Setelah pemilihan umum 2010, Turnbull kembali terpilih dengan hasil ayunan dua partai 11.01% menujunya.<ref>{{cite web|date=15 September 2010|title=House of Representatives Division First Preferences|url=http://vtr.aec.gov.au/HouseDivisionFirstPrefs-15508-152.htm|publisher=[[Australian Electoral Commission]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100905085133/http://vtr.aec.gov.au/HouseDivisionFirstPrefs-15508-152.htm|archive-date=5 September 2010|access-date=20 September 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> Setelah membahas kemungkinan untuk kembali ke kabinet bayangan dengan Tony Abbott, Turnbull ditunjuk sebagai Menteri Komunikasi Bayangan.<ref>{{cite news|author=Hudson, Phillip|date=14 September 2010|title=Tony Abbott promotes Malcolm Turnbull in new shadow ministry|url=http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/national/tony-abbott-promotes-malcolm-turnbull-in-new-shadow-ministry/story-e6frf7l6-1225922656775|work=[[Herald Sun]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615023627/http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/national/tony-abbott-promotes-malcolm-turnbull-in-new-shadow-ministry/story-e6frf7l6-1225922656775|archive-date=15 June 2011|access-date=20 September 2010|url-status=live}}</ref> Dalam pengumuman kebijakan pertamanya, Turnbull menyatakan bahwa pemerintahan Koalisi akan "menghancurkan" Jaringan Broadband Nasional yang baru diperkenalkan.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2010-09-14|title=Abbott orders Turnbull to demolish NBN|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2010-09-14/abbott-orders-turnbull-to-demolish-nbn/2260320|work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]]|language=en-AU|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230101215728/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2010-09-14/abbott-orders-turnbull-to-demolish-nbn/2260320|archive-date=1 January 2023|access-date=2023-01-01|author-first=Emma|author-last=Rodgers|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2010-09-14|title=Turnbull back to 'demolish' NBN|url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/turnbull-back-to-demolish-nbn-20100914-15aj3.html|website=The Sydney Morning Herald|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230101215718/https://www.smh.com.au/national/turnbull-back-to-demolish-nbn-20100914-15aj3.html|archive-date=1 January 2023|access-date=2023-01-01|agency=[[Australian Associated Press]]|url-status=live}}</ref>
Saat menyampaikan Kuliah Alfred Deakin tahun 2012 tentang kebebasan digital, dia menentang keras usulan undang-undang penyimpanan data dua tahun yang diajukan pemerintah Gillard.<ref>{{cite news|author=Taylor, Josh|date=8 October 2012|title=Turnbull has grave misgivings about data retention proposal|url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/turnbull-has-grave-misgivings-about-data-retention-proposal/|work=[[ZDNet]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011232921/http://www.zdnet.com/au/turnbull-has-grave-misgivings-about-data-retention-proposal-7000005415/|archive-date=11 October 2012|access-date=10 October 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite speech|title=Free at last or freedom lost? Liberty in the digital age|author=Turnbull, Malcolm|date=October 2012|url=http://www.malcolmturnbull.com.au/media/speeches/free-at-last-or-freedom-lost-liberty-in-the-digital-age-2012-alfred-deakin-lecture|event=2012 Alfred Deakin Lecture|publisher=Malcolm Turnbull|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121125084110/http://www.malcolmturnbull.com.au/media/speeches/free-at-last-or-freedom-lost-liberty-in-the-digital-age-2012-alfred-deakin-lecture/|archive-date=25 November 2012|url-status=dead}}{{self-published-inline|date=December 2014}}</ref> Pada bulan Juli 2012, Turnbull dikritik oleh beberapa anggota parlemen Liberal karena mengatakan bahwa serikat sipil harus diperkenalkan sebagai langkah pertama menuju pendirian pernikahan sesama jenis di Australia. Tony Abbott menolak saran Turnbull untuk mengadakan pemungutan suara hati nurani mengenai masalah ini.<ref>{{cite news|author=Peatling, Stephanie|date=7 July 2012|title=Turnbull under fire for gay marriage stance|url=http://www.theage.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/turnbull-under-fire-for-gay-marriage-stance-20120707-21ngx.html|work=[[The Age]]|location=Melbourne|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116001906/http://www.theage.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/turnbull-under-fire-for-gay-marriage-stance-20120707-21ngx.html|archive-date=16 November 2017|access-date=30 September 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>
== Pemerintahan Abbott ==
=== Menteri Komunikasi (2013–2015) ===
Pada tanggal 9 April 2013, Turnbull dan Tony Abbott mempresentasikan rencana alternatif Jaringan Broadband Nasional (NBN) dari partainya.<ref>{{cite news|title=All that glitters … Abbott and 'Mr Broadband' hawk the copper option|url=http://www.smh.com.au/opinion/politics/all-that-glitters--abbott-and-mr-broadband-hawk-the-copper-option-20130409-2hj57.html|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130410205549/http://www.smh.com.au/opinion/politics/all-that-glitters--abbott-and-mr-broadband-hawk-the-copper-option-20130409-2hj57.html|archive-date=10 April 2013|access-date=9 April 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Rencana tersebut memprioritaskan NBN yang dimodifikasi dan diperkecil dengan "[[fibre to node]]" (FTTN) dan jarak tempuh terakhir dengan [[kabel tembaga]].<ref name="Kohler, Alan-2013">{{cite news|author=Kohler, Alan|author-link=Alan Kohler|date=10 April 2013|title=How Malcolm Turnbull saved the NBN|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-04-10/kohler-how-malcolm-turnbull-saved-the-nbn/4619868|work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]]|location=Australia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130410032424/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-04-10/kohler-how-malcolm-turnbull-saved-the-nbn/4619868|archive-date=10 April 2013|access-date=10 April 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Kebijakan baru ini kontras dengan kebijakan sebelumnya yang menyerukan pembongkaran seluruh NBN.<ref name="Kohler, Alan-2013" />
Setelah kemenangan Koalisi pada pemilu federal tahun 2013, Turnbull diangkat menjadi Menteri Komunikasi dan mulai menerapkan strategi alternatif NBN. Pada tahun 2014, Turnbull mengumumkan bahwa Laporan Vertigan, sebuah analisis biaya-manfaat dari penyediaan broadband cepat ke wilayah regional dan pedesaan Australia melalui layanan nirkabel dan satelit, mengungkapkan bahwa melanjutkan rencana tersebut akan menelan biaya hampir A$5 miliar dan diperkirakan hanya menghasilkan A$600 juta. dalam manfaat ekonomi – pengembalian hanya 10%. Terlepas dari dampak ekonominya, Turnbull menyatakan bahwa meskipun mensubsidi broadband ke wilayah regional "sangat mahal", tidak ada pilihan lain.<ref>{{cite news|author1=Knott, Matthew|author2=Timson, Lia|date=27 August 2014|title=Malcolm Turnbull: NBN plan won't change despite massive cost for rural coverage|url=http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/malcolm-turnbull-nbn-plan-wont-change-despite-massive-cost-for-rural-coverage-20140827-108xja.html|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140830040603/http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/malcolm-turnbull-nbn-plan-wont-change-despite-massive-cost-for-rural-coverage-20140827-108xja.html|archive-date=30 August 2014|access-date=24 December 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
Pada bulan Desember 2014, Turnbull menjadi perantara kesepakatan antara pemerintah Australia, [[NBN Co]] dan [[Telstra]] dimana NBN Co mengakuisisi jaringan tembaga Telstra dan hybrid-fibre coaxial (HFC) untuk mengirimkan NBN. Telstra dan NBN Co setuju untuk bekerja sama dalam uji coba FTTN yang melibatkan 200.000 lokasi.<ref>{{cite news|author-link=Adele Ferguson|date=15 December 2014|title=Malcolm Turnbull to make NBN better, faster, stronger|url=http://www.smh.com.au/business/malcolm-turnbull-to-make-nbn-better-faster-stronger-20141215-127m2z.html|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141215184858/http://www.smh.com.au/business/malcolm-turnbull-to-make-nbn-better-faster-stronger-20141215-127m2z.html|archive-date=15 December 2014|access-date=24 December 2014|author1-last=Ferguson|author1-first=Adele|url-status=live}}</ref> Pada bulan Agustus 2015, Turnbull mengungkapkan bahwa keseluruhan biaya akhir pembangunan jaringan kemungkinan akan meningkat hingga tambahan $15 miliar, dan NBN Co kemungkinan akan menanggung pengeluaran tambahan tersebut sebagai utang. Meskipun masih lebih murah dibandingkan kebijakan awal Partai Buruh NBN, yang bertujuan untuk memberikan kecepatan koneksi yang jauh lebih cepat, kebutuhan pendanaan puncak berdasarkan model Liberal mencapai antara $46 miliar hingga $56 miliar.<ref>{{cite news|date=24 August 2015|title=NBN cost blows out by up to $15b; Malcolm Turnbull says final cost could be up to $56b|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-08-24/nbn-cost-blows-out-by-up-to-15-billion-dollars/6720878|newspaper=ABC News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150927143103/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-08-24/nbn-cost-blows-out-by-up-to-15-billion-dollars/6720878|archive-date=27 September 2015|access-date=15 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>
=== Penumpahan kepemimpinan Februari 2015 ===
Menyusul ketegangan kepemimpinan yang terus-menerus di tengah jajak pendapat yang buruk, mosi tumpahan kepemimpinan diajukan terhadap Tony Abbott pada tanggal 9 Februari 2015. Meskipun mosi tumpahan tersebut dikalahkan dengan 61 suara berbanding 39, Turnbull dilaporkan mempertimbangkan untuk mencalonkan diri sebagai pemimpin jika mosi tumpahan tersebut berhasil. berhasil. Sebelum mosi tersebut, Turnbull mengatakan kepada wartawan bahwa "jika, karena alasan apa pun, kepemimpinan sebuah partai politik kosong, maka siapa pun, anggota partai mana pun dapat mencalonkan diri, apakah mereka menteri atau anggota parlemen, tanpa adanya ketidaksetiaan kepada orang yang memiliki jabatan tersebut. kepemimpinan telah dinyatakan kosong."<ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-02-09/tony-abbott-keeps-liberal-leadership-failed-spill-motion/6079006 ABC News 9 February 2015.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150920144042/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-02-09/tony-abbott-keeps-liberal-leadership-failed-spill-motion/6079006?|date=20 September 2015}} Accessed 9 February 2015.</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Leslie, Tim|date=9 February 2015|title=Liberal leadership spill: as it happened|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-02-09/liberal-leadership-spill3a-as-it-happened/6079418|publisher=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation|ABC]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150921014057/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-02-09/liberal-leadership-spill3a-as-it-happened/6079418|archive-date=21 September 2015|access-date=14 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>
== Perdana Menteri Australia ==
=== Pemilihan kepemimpinan September 2015 ===
[[File:Malcolm_Turnbull_swearing-in_ceremony_September_2015.jpg|pra=https://en.wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/File:Malcolm_Turnbull_swearing-in_ceremony_September_2015.jpg|kiri|jmpl|Turnbull mengambil sumpah sebagai [[Perdana Menteri Australia]] di hadapan [[Gubernur Jenderal Australia|Gubernur Jenderal]] [[Peter Cosgrove]]]]
[[File:Peter_Cosgrove_with_newly_appointed_ministers_2015.jpg|pra=https://en.wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/File:Peter_Cosgrove_with_newly_appointed_ministers_2015.jpg|ka|jmpl|Gubernur Jenderal [[Peter Cosgrove]] dan Perdana Menteri Malcolm Turnbull berfoto dengan jajaran kabinet yang baru dilantik pada 21 September 2015]]
Meskipun mosi tumpahan kepemimpinan pada bulan Februari 2015 kalah, pertanyaan mengenai kepemimpinan Abbott tidak mereda, karena pemerintah secara konsisten menunjukkan kinerja buruk dalam jajak pendapat. Pada 14 September 2015 setelah mengamati 30 hasil survei yang menempatkan Partai Liberal terbelakang dari Partai Buruh, Turnbull dikabarkan bahwa ia berencana menggulingkan Abbott.<ref>{{cite news|title=Prime Minister Tony Abbott dismisses leadership speculation as 'Canberra gossip', insider games – ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-09-14/abbott-not-playing-canberra-games/6772696|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation|access-date=2015-09-14}}</ref> Pada jam 4 [[AEST]], Turnbull mengumumkan bahwa ia akan melawan Tony Abbott dan mengundurkan diri dari Kabinet.<ref>{{cite news|date=14 September 2015|title=Liberal leadership: Tony Abbott confident he will beat Malcolm Turnbull in ballot|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-09-14/turnbull-requests-liberal-leadership-ballot/6774506|work=ABC News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150914063622/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-09-14/turnbull-requests-liberal-leadership-ballot/6774506|archive-date=14 September 2015|access-date=15 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Turnbull menyatakan bahwa Abbott "tidak mampu memberikan kepemimpinan ekonomi yang kita butuhkan" dan bahwa Partai Liberal membutuhkan "gaya kepemimpinan yang menghormati kecerdasan masyarakat."<ref>{{cite news|date=14 September 2015|title=Turnbull and Bishop request Liberal Party leadership ballot|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-09-14/turnbull-requests-liberal-leadership-ballot/6774506|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150914063622/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-09-14/turnbull-requests-liberal-leadership-ballot/6774506|archive-date=14 September 2015|access-date=14 September 2015|website=ABC News|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=13 September 2015|title=Turnbull demands leadership spill|url=http://www.afr.com/news/politics/liberal-leadership-malcolm-turnbull-julie-bishop-demand-leadership-spill-20150913-gjlr4t|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150916172237/http://www.afr.com/news/politics/liberal-leadership-malcolm-turnbull-julie-bishop-demand-leadership-spill-20150913-gjlr4t?|archive-date=16 September 2015|access-date=14 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Turnbull mengalahkan Abbott dengan 54 suara berbanding 44 suara.<ref>(14 September 2015). [http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-09-14/malcolm-turnbull-wins-liberal-leadership-ballot-over-tony-abbott/6775464 "Malcolm Turnbull wins Liberal leadership ballot over Tony Abbott"] – ABC News. Retrieved 14 September 2015.</ref><ref>Pamela Wilson, "How to stage a coup", ''The Australian'', 20 October 2015.</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=14 September 2015|title=Liberal leadership spill: Malcolm Turnbull to become prime minister after toppling Tony Abbott|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-09-14/malcolm-turnbull-wins-liberal-leadership-ballot-over-tony-abbott/6775464|work=ABC News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150915031540/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-09-14/malcolm-turnbull-wins-liberal-leadership-ballot-over-tony-abbott/6775464|archive-date=15 September 2015|access-date=15 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Malcolm Turnbull kemudian diangkat sebagai [[Perdana Menteri Australia]] ke-29 pada jam 1.30 AEST.<ref name="swornin">{{cite news|date=15 September 2015|title=Malcolm Turnbull sworn in as Australia's 29th Prime Minister|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-09-15/malcolm-turbull-sworn-in-as-new-prime-minister/6777416|newspaper=ABC News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240220054953/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-09-15/malcolm-turnbull-keeps-same-sex-marriage-climate-change-policies/6777416|archive-date=20 February 2024|access-date=15 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="TakingOffice">{{cite news|author=Dan Conifer and James Glenday|date=15 September 2015|title=Malcolm Turnbull to be sworn in as PM after ousting Tony Abbott as Liberal leader|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-09-15/newly-elected-liberal-leader-malcolm-turnbull-to-be-sworn-in/6775962|newspaper=ABC News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150915044320/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-09-15/newly-elected-liberal-leader-malcolm-turnbull-to-be-sworn-in/6775962|archive-date=15 September 2015|access-date=15 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>
=== Pembentukan kabinet ===
Malcolm Turnbull mengumumkan reshuffle ekstensif terhadap Kabinet pada 20 September 2015. Di reshuffle ekstensif tersebut, ia memecat [[Joe Hockey]], [[Eric Abetz]], [[Ian Macfarlane]], [[Kevin Andrews]], [[Michael Ronaldson]] dan [[Bruce Billson]], menambahkan jumlah anggota yang berhaluan liberal dan mengurangi anggota yang berhaluan konservatif. Jumlah menteri wanita kemudian ditambah menjadi 5 orang dibandingkan 2 pada Kabinet Abbott, dan[[Marise Payne]] diangkat sebagai [[Menteri Pertahanan Australia]] perempuan pertama. Jumlah menteri kabinet kemudian ditambah dari 19 menjadi 21.<ref name="Murphy, Katharine">{{cite news|author=Murphy, Katharine|date=20 September 2015|title=Malcolm Turnbull unveils his ministry – politics live|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/live/2015/sep/20/malcolm-turnbull-unveils-his-ministry-politics-live|work=The Guardian|location=Australia|access-date=20 September 2015}}</ref> Selain memegang portfolio Kesehatan dan Olahraga yang ia pegang pada masa pemerintahan Abbott, [[Sussan Ley]] dilantik sebagai Menteri Perawatan Usia Lanjut.<ref>{{cite news|author=Lee, Jane|date=30 September 2015|title=Aged care: Health Minister Sussan Ley picks up extra portfolio|url=https://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/aged-care-health-minister-sussan-ley-to-pick-up-extra-portfolio-20150930-gjy248.html|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|access-date=2 November 2015}}</ref><ref name="sbsministrylist2015">{{cite news|date=20 September 2015|title=Turnbull's new ministry: The full list|url=http://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/2015/09/20/new-turnbull-ministry-full-list|work=SBS News|access-date=2 November 2015}}</ref> Mengenai perbedaan kebijakan utama Turnbull dengan Abbott, khususnya [[perubahan iklim]], [[Republikanisme di Australia|republikanisme]], dan pernikahan sesama jenis, ia menyatakan bahwa tidak akan ada perubahan langsung sebelum pemilu apapun.<ref>{{cite news|last=Condie|first=Stuart|date=16 September 2015|title=Why Malcolm Turnbull will end up disappointing many voters: News.com.au 16 September 2015|url=http://www.news.com.au/finance/work/why-malcolm-turnbull-will-end-up-disappointing-many-voters/story-fn5tas5k-1227529581264|publisher=[[News.com.au]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151113164255/http://www.news.com.au/finance/work/why-malcolm-turnbull-will-end-up-disappointing-many-voters/story-fn5tas5k-1227529581264|archive-date=13 November 2015|access-date=14 December 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> Nationals berhasil menegosiasikan kesepakatan senilai total $4 miliar dari Turnbull, serta kendali atas portofolio air, sebagai imbalan atas kelanjutan perjanjian Koalisi.<ref>{{cite news|author=Lenore Taylor|date=16 September 2015|title=Turnbull's so-called $4bn bribe to Nationals more wishes than fulfilment: The Guardian 16 September 2015|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2015/sep/16/turnbulls-so-called-4bn-bribe-to-nationals-more-wishes-than-fulfilment|newspaper=The Guardian Australia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160114180055/http://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2015/sep/16/turnbulls-so-called-4bn-bribe-to-nationals-more-wishes-than-fulfilment|archive-date=14 January 2016|access-date=14 December 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>[http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/nsw/malcolm-turnbulls-4-billion-deal-with-the-nationals-to-guarantee-coalition-unity/story-fni0cx12-1227529393979 "Malcolm Turnbull's $4 billion deal with the Nationals to guarantee Coalition unity"], ''Daily Telegraph'', 15 September 2015.</ref> Turnbull menyatakan bahwa dia tidak akan memimpin pemerintahan yang tidak menganggap serius perubahan iklim.<ref>{{cite web|date=18 July 2016|title=Hunt goes in energy-environment merger, climate denier to head resources|url=http://reneweconomy.com.au/2016/hunt-goes-in-energy-environment-merger-climate-denier-to-head-resources-58202|work=Renew Economy.com.au|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160719131517/http://reneweconomy.com.au/2016/hunt-goes-in-energy-environment-merger-climate-denier-to-head-resources-58202|archive-date=19 July 2016|access-date=18 July 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
=== Masa jabatan pertama (2015–2016) ===
==== Perubahan iklim ====
Turnbull menegaskan bahwa pemerintahannya akan mempertahankan target pengurangan emisi yang ditetapkan oleh pemerintahan Abbott.<ref name="Turnbull keeps policies">{{cite news|author=Henderson, Anna|date=15 September 2015|title=Malcolm Turnbull keeps same-sex marriage, climate change policies on first day as Prime Minister|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-09-15/malcolm-turnbull-keeps-same-sex-marriage-climate-change-policies/6777416|location=Australia|publisher=ABC News|access-date=18 September 2015}}</ref> Di bawah pemerintahan Turnbull, Badan Energi Terbarukan Australia dan Perusahaan Pembiayaan Energi Bersih dialihkan ke tanggung jawab Departemen Lingkungan Hidup, yang dipandang sebagai tanda bahwa badan-badan tersebut akan dipertahankan.<ref>{{cite news|author=Taylor, Lenore|date=21 September 2015|title=Turnbull government signals new approach to climate policy|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2015/sep/21/turnbull-government-signals-new-approach-to-climate-policy|work=The Guardian|location=Australia|access-date=2 November 2015}}</ref> Australia menghadiri [[Konferensi Perubahan Iklim PBB tahun 2015]] dan mengadopsi [[Perjanjian Paris (2017)|Perjanjian Paris]]. Perjanjian tersebut mencakup peninjauan target pengurangan emisi setiap 5 tahun mulai tahun 2020.<ref>{{cite news|date=13 December 2015|title=What will the Paris climate deal mean for Australia?|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-12-13/what-will-the-paris-climate-deal-mean-for-australia/7024476|newspaper=ABC News}}</ref>
==== Pertahanan ====
Selama masa pemerintahan Abbott, Australia telah berkomitmen untuk mendukung kampanye udara yang dipimpin AS terhadap [[Negara Islam Irak dan Syam|ISIS]] di [[Irak]] dan [[Suriah]]. Turnbull mengganti pendukung Abbott, [[Kevin Andrews]], dengan Senator [[Marise Payne]], yang menjadi Menteri Pertahanan wanita pertama Australia, di tengah pengerahan pasukan Australia ke Timur Tengah. Tak lama setelah Turnbull menjabat, Rusia memulai intervensi militer terpisah di Suriah, terhadap penentang presiden Suriah [[Bashar al-Assad]].<ref>{{cite news|date=30 September 2015|title=Syria crisis: Russian air strikes against Assad enemies|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-34399164|work=BBC News|access-date=2 November 2015}}</ref> [[Menteri Luar Negeri Amerika Serikat]] [[John Kerry]] mengkritik taktik Rusia dan mengatakan kepada Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa sebagai tanggapan bahwa "kami sekarang berada dalam posisi dengan Prancis, Australia, Kanada, Turki, dan mitra koalisi lainnya yang bergabung dalam kampanye, untuk mempercepat upaya kami secara dramatis".<ref>{{cite news|author=Wroe, David|date=1 October 2015|title=Russian motives in Syrian air strikes under a cloud: Defence Minister Marise Payne|url=https://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/russian-motives-in-syrian-air-strikes-under-a-cloud-defence-minister-marise-payne-20151001-gjzaji.html|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|access-date=2 November 2015}}</ref> Pada tanggal 27 Oktober, Abbott mengkritik kurangnya kemajuan Koalisi yang dipimpin AS di lapangan.<ref>{{cite news|date=28 October 2015|title=Transcript: Tony Abbott's controversial speech at the Margaret Thatcher Lecture|url=https://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/transcript-tony-abbotts-controversial-speech-at-the-margaret-thatcher-lecture-20151028-gkkg6p.html|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|access-date=2 November 2015}}</ref> Turnbull mengatakan tidak ada rencana "saat ini" untuk mengubah sifat pengerahan pasukan Australia ke konflik tersebut.<ref>{{cite news|author=Henderson, Anna|date=28 September 2015|title=Islamic State: Malcolm Turnbull pours cold water on Tony Abbott's call for consideration of ground troops in Iraq, Syria|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-10-28/turnbull-pours-cold-water-on-abbot-call-for-syria-troops/6892060|location=Australia|publisher=ABC News|access-date=2 November 2015}}</ref>
==== Ekonomi ====
Salah satu alasan Turnbull menantang kepemimpinan Liberal adalah ketidakpuasan dengan pesan dan nada ekonomi pemerintahan Abbott. Dalam konferensi pers pertamanya sebagai Perdana Menteri terpilih, Turnbull mengatakan pemerintah perlu membangun kepercayaan terhadap ekonomi Australia di kalangan komunitas bisnis. Stephen Koukoulas dari lembaga pemikir progresif Per Capita menulis untuk The Guardian bahwa "pertumbuhan ekonomi lamban, pengangguran tinggi, upah riil turun dan kepercayaan konsumen dan bisnis lemah" dan bahwa Turnbull karenanya memiliki "waktu setahun untuk menyuntikkan kepercayaan dan kekuatan ke dalam ekonomi atau dia akan disingkirkan dari jabatannya dan dikutuk dalam sejarah sebagai penghancur pemerintahan Liberal periode pertama".<ref>{{cite news|author=Koukoulas, Stephen|date=30 September 2014|title=Team Turnbull must reverse Abbott's economic damage or face same fate|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2015/sep/15/team-turnbull-must-reverse-abbotts-economic-damage-or-face-same-fate|work=The Guardian|location=Australia|access-date=23 September 2015}}</ref> Turnbull menunjuk [[Scott Morrison]] sebagai Bendahara Australia dan pada masanya sebagai Bendahara, Scott menunjukkan pengurangan belanja pemerintah, dan menyatakan bahwa Prospek Ekonomi dan Fiskal Pertengahan Tahun (MYEFO) dan Buku Putih tentang reformasi pajak akan tiba tepat waktu pada masa konferensi pers pertamanya.<ref>{{cite news|author=Clarke, Melissa|date=24 September 2015|title=Treasurer Scott Morrison says Federal Government has 'spending problem'; expenditure the same as during GFC|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-09-23/government-says-they-have-a-spending-problem/6798110|location=Australia|publisher=ABC News|access-date=23 September 2015}}</ref>
Awalnya, Turnbull mengonfirmasi bahwa kenaikan [[Pajak pertambahan nilai|GST]] "di atas meja", dengan menyatakan bahwa setiap kenaikan GST akan diimbangi dengan keringanan pajak dan Morrison mengindikasikan bahwa pajak pensiun akan ditinjau ulang.<ref>{{cite web|author=Phillip Coorey|date=28 October 2015|title=Malcolm Turnbull confirms GST increase on the table|url=http://www.afr.com/news/politics/malcolm-turnbull-confirms-gst-increase-flags-nuclear-industry-20151027-gkkapt|publisher=afr.com|access-date=14 November 2015}}</ref> Hingga tahun 2016, Morrison mengajukan kasus untuk kenaikan GST.<ref>[http://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/morrison-builds-case-for-gst-reform/news-story/7df63fd51df1c64fc7b9159486d3cc31 Morrison builds case for GST reform]; Paul Kelly; The Australian; 25 January 2016</ref> Namun pada Februari 2016, Turnbull memutuskan untuk tidak menaikkan pajak.<ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-02-16/turnbull-rules-out-gst-change-election-policy/7172294 GST increase not being taken to election by Malcolm Turnbull]; Australian Broadcasting Corporation; 16 February 2016</ref>
==== Kebijakan luar negeri ====
Turnbull melakukan lawatan luar negeri pertamanya menuju [[Selandia Baru]] dimana ia bertemu dengan [[Perdana Menteri Selandia Baru]] [[John Key]] untuk membahas kebijakan imigrasi.<ref>[https://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/malcolm-turnbull-seeks-to-calm-controversy-on-first-overseas-trip-as-pm-20151017-gkblqd.html Malcolm Turnbull seeks to calm controversy on first overseas trip as PM]; ''The Sydney Morning Herald''; 18 October 2015</ref> Pada November, ia mengumumkan bahwa ia akan pergi ke lima negara dan menghadiri pertemuan tingkat tinggi pemimpin bangsa di Eropa dan Asia.<ref name="smh.com.au">{{cite web|last=Hutchens|first=Gareth|date=4 February 2016|title=Andrew Robb signs Trans-Pacific Partnership, sets sights on another huge trade deal|url=https://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/andrew-robb-signs-transpacific-partnership-sets-sights-on-another-huge-trade-deal-20160204-gmly35.html|work=The Sydney Morning Herald}}</ref> Pemerintahannya telah meratifikasi [[Perjanjian Perdagangan Bebas Tiongkok-Australia]] di Parlemen pada Oktober 2015<ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-12-18/agricultural-exporters-look-to-benefits-as-chafta-takes-effect/7039772 Australian farmers prepare to reap the benefits as China trade deal takes effect]; Australian Broadcasting Corporation; 18 December 2015</ref> dan Turnbull melanjutkan kebijakan Abbott yang mengadvokasi perjanjian perdagangan bebas dengan [[India]].<ref>[http://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/2015/10/29/trade-deal-india-track-minister Trade deal with India on track: minister]; sbs.com.au; 29 October 2015</ref> Turnbull juga melanjutkan kebijakan Abbott untuk memperkuat hubungan perdagangan dengan [[Indonesia]] dan [[Jerman]], serta membentuk [[Kemitraan Trans-Pasifik]] (TPP). Pada kunjungan kerja keliling dunianya pada November 2015, Turnbull bertemu dengan [[Presiden Indonesia]] [[Joko Widodo]] dan [[Kanselir Jerman]] [[Angela Merkel]] untuk membahas perdagangan.<ref>{{cite news|date=11 November 2015|title=Turnbull heads to Jakarta at start of five-nation tour|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-11-12/malcolm-turnbull-embarks-on-his-first-major-overseas-trip/6931842|newspaper=ABC News}}</ref> Pemerintahnya kemudian menandatangani TPP pada Februari 2016.<ref name="smh.com.au2">{{cite web|last=Hutchens|first=Gareth|date=4 February 2016|title=Andrew Robb signs Trans-Pacific Partnership, sets sights on another huge trade deal|url=https://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/andrew-robb-signs-transpacific-partnership-sets-sights-on-another-huge-trade-deal-20160204-gmly35.html|work=The Sydney Morning Herald}}</ref>
==== Imigrasi ====
Turnbull mempertahankan [[Peter Dutton]] sebagai [[Menteri Imigrasi Australia]] walaupun Dutton mendukung Abbott dan melanjutkan [[Operasi Perbatasan Berdaulat]] yang dimulai sejak pemerintahan Abbott. Di operasi tersebut, perdagangan penyelundupan manusia melalui laut dan kematian terkait di laut dihentikan selama masa pemerintahan Abbott.<ref name="PromiseCheckStoptheBoats">{{cite news|date=27 July 2014|title=Promise check: We will stop the boats – Fact Check|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-07-27/we-will-stop-the-boats-promise-check/5474206|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation|access-date=4 November 2015}}</ref> Ketika Turnbull menjabat, 1.600 pencari suaka dan pengungsi masih berada di [[Nauru]] dan [[Pulau Manus]] di [[Papua Nugini]] sambil menunggu pemrosesan atau pemukiman kembali. Turnbull menyatakan simpati kepada para pencari suaka yang tersisa ini, tetapi mengindikasikan bahwa ia akan melanjutkan kebijakan bipartisan yang melarang mereka dimukimkan kembali di Australia.<ref>{{cite news|author=Nicole Hasham|date=23 September 2015|title=Malcolm Turnbull 'concerned' about asylum seekers on Manus Island and Nauru|url=https://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/malcolm-turnbull-concerned-about-asylum-seekers-on-manus-island-and-nauru-20150923-gjsxt2.html|newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald|access-date=24 November 2015}}</ref>
Pada tanggal 28 September, 7.30 melaporkan bahwa seorang pencari suaka di Nauru membuat tuduhan pemerkosaan.<ref>{{cite news|date=28 September 2015|title=Rape victims and whistleblower speak out about Nauru violence|url=http://www.abc.net.au/7.30/content/2015/s4321266.htm|work=7.30|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation|access-date=24 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=28 September 2015|title=Raped on Nauru: Video captures moment Somali refugee pleads for help from police after alleged sexual assault|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-09-28/two-refugees-allegedly-raped-on-nauru/6809956|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation|access-date=24 November 2015}}</ref> Wanita hamil itu, "Abyan", meminta pemerintah untuk mengizinkannya datang ke Australia untuk melakukan aborsi, yang ilegal di Nauru, dan ia tiba pada tanggal 11 Oktober.<ref>{{cite news|last=Bourke|first=Latika|author-link=Latika Bourke|title=Refugee raped on Nauru begs Malcolm Turnbull to let her come to Australia for an abortion|url=https://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/refugee-raped-on-nauru-begs-malcolm-turnbull-to-let-her-come-to-australia-for-an-abortion-20151006-gk2o3y.html|newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160401130751/http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/refugee-raped-on-nauru-begs-malcolm-turnbull-to-let-her-come-to-australia-for-an-abortion-20151006-gk2o3y.html|archive-date=1 April 2016|access-date=24 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Bourke|first=Latika|author-link=Latika Bourke|date=12 October 2015|title=Refugee who says she was raped on Nauru thanks government, supporters over abortion treatment|url=https://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/refugee-who-says-she-was-raped-on-nauru-thanks-government-supporters-over-abortion-request-20151012-gk6ot1.html|newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160401131041/http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/refugee-who-says-she-was-raped-on-nauru-thanks-government-supporters-over-abortion-request-20151012-gk6ot1.html|archive-date=1 April 2016|access-date=24 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Ben Doherty|date=12 October 2015|title=Somali refugee raped on Nauru brought to Australia for pregnancy termination|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/oct/12/somali-refugee-raped-on-nauru-brought-to-australia-for-pregnancy-termination|work=The Guardian|access-date=24 November 2015}}</ref> ''[[The Guardian]]'' melaporkan bahwa ia takut dipulangkan ke Nauru dan meminta konseling, yang katanya tidak diberikan sebelum dikembalikan ke Nauru.<ref>{{cite news|author=Ben Doherty|date=16 October 2015|title=Australia secretly flies pregnant refugee out of country before hearing|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2015/oct/16/australia-secretly-flies-pregnant-asylum-seeker-back-to-nauru-before-hearing|work=The Guardian|access-date=24 November 2015}}</ref> Turnbull mengatakan "Abyan" dikembalikan ke Nauru karena ia berubah pikiran tentang prosedur tersebut.<ref name="ABCAbyanPM">{{cite news|date=17 October 2015|title=Pregnant asylum seeker returned to Nauru 'changed her mind about having an abortion', PM says|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-10-17/pregnant-asylum-seeker-sent-to-nauru-changed-mind-about-abortion/6862922|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation|access-date=24 November 2015}}</ref> Dutton mengatakan bahwa "Abyan" telah memutuskan untuk tidak melanjutkan aborsi, namun hal ini dibantah oleh perwakilannya.<ref>{{cite news|author=Tom Allard|date=19 October 2015|title=Refugee rape victim says Immigration Minister Peter Dutton is telling lies about abortion|url=http://www.dailylife.com.au/news-and-views/news-features/refugee-rape-victim-says-immigration-minister-peter-dutton-is-telling-lies-about-abortion-20151018-gkc21y.html|publisher=Dailylife.com.au|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117015350/http://www.dailylife.com.au/news-and-views/news-features/refugee-rape-victim-says-immigration-minister-peter-dutton-is-telling-lies-about-abortion-20151018-gkc21y.html|archive-date=17 November 2015|access-date=24 November 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> Dutton mengatakan beberapa advokat memalsukan informasi, sementara yang lain menggunakan kasus tersebut untuk "agenda politik" mereka.<ref name="ABCAbyanPM" /><ref>{{cite news|date=19 October 2015|title=Immigration Department defends handling of pregnant refugee sent back to Nauru|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-10-19/peter-dutton-says-somali-woman-did-not-want-abortion-australia/6864668|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation|access-date=24 November 2015}}</ref> Komisaris Tinggi PBB untuk Hak Asasi Manusia kemudian meminta "Abyan" untuk menerima bantuan lebih lanjut.<ref>{{cite news|date=28 October 2015|title=Pregnant refugee 'deeply traumatised', United Nations says|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-10-28/un-calls-on-australia-and-nauru-to-care-for-abyan/6891250|newspaper=ABC News|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation}}</ref> "Abyan" dibawa kembali ke Australia untuk melakukan aborsi kedua kalinya pada akhir tahun 2015,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Anderson|first1=Stephanie|date=28 October 2015|title=Pregnant refugee Abyan to return to Australia from Nauru for medical treatment, Peter Dutton says|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-10-28/pregnant-refugee-abyan-to-return-to-australia/6893174|work=ABC News Online|publisher=ABC News|access-date=17 July 2016}}</ref> tetapi kemudian tidak melakukan aborsi dan malah melahirkan di Australia pada bulan Mei 2016.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Robertson|first1=Joshua|date=9 May 2016|title=Peter Dutton may appeal against ruling that he risked safety of pregnant asylum seeker|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2016/may/09/peter-dutton-may-appeal-court-ruling-which-found-he-risked-safety-of-asylum-seeker|work=Guardian Australia|publisher=Guardian Australia|access-date=17 July 2016}}</ref>
Ketika Australia bersiap menerima 12.000 pengungsi dari konflik Suriah, Sekretaris Jenderal PBB [[Ban Ki-moon]] bertemu dengan Turnbull di [[KTT ASEAN 2015]] dan mengkritik rezim pemrosesan pencari suaka lepas pantai pemerintah Turnbull. Ban dilaporkan menyatakan kekhawatirannya atas kondisi penahanan di pusat pemrosesan lepas pantai Australia, dan mendorong Turnbull untuk mempertimbangkan kembali Operasi Perbatasan Berdaulat.<ref>{{cite news|author=Nicole Hasham|date=8 September 2015|title=UN's Ban Ki-moon urges Australia to rethink refugee policy in extraordinary rebuke|url=https://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/uns-ban-kimoon-urges-australia-to-rethink-refugee-policy-in-extraordinary-rebuke-20151122-gl5bob.html|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|access-date=24 November 2015}}</ref>
==== Infrastruktur ====
Turnbull berkomitmen untuk memberikan $95 juta untuk proyek [[kereta ringan Gold Coast]].<ref>{{cite news|author=Hurst, Daniel|date=11 October 2015|title=Malcolm Turnbull backs public transport with $95m for Gold Coast light rail|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2015/oct/11/gold-coast-light-rail-to-get-95m-in-federal-funding|work=The Guardian|location=Australia|access-date=2 November 2015}}</ref> Pemerintah Turnbull menetapkan batas waktu Desember 2016 untuk memilih satu lokasi untuk menyimpan limbah nuklir Australia. Lokasi yang diusulkan termasuk dekat [[Sallys Flat]] di [[New South Wales]]; Hale di [[Wilayah Utara]]; [[Cortlinye]], [[Pinkawillinie]] dan [[Barndioota]] di [[Australia Selatan]]; dan [[Oman Ama]] di [[Queensland]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Daniel Hurst|date=13 November 2015|title=Government to pick single site to store Australia's nuclear waste within a year | Environment|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/nov/13/government-to-pick-single-site-to-store-australias-nuclear-waste-within-a-year|work=The Guardian|access-date=14 November 2015}}</ref>
==== Media massa ====
Pemerintahan Turnbull bergerak mereformasikan undang undang kepemilikan media massa yang disahkan pada pemerintah Keating dalam sebuah langkah yang dapat memungkinkan penggabungan jaringan TV besar dan media cetak. Perubahan tersebut menghapuskan aturan yang mencegah penggabungan antara jaringan televisi regional dan afiliasi metropolitan mereka, dan aturan yang mencegah pemilik tunggal memiliki surat kabar, stasiun radio, dan jaringan televisi di pasar utama yang sama.<ref>[https://www.smh.com.au/business/media-and-marketing/coalition-approves-media-law-shakeup-20160301-gn7248.html Coalition approves media law shake-up]; ''The Sydney Morning Herald''; 1 March 2016</ref>
Turnbull mengkritik permintaan Abbott agar para menterinya memboikot program ''[[Q&A (program televisi Australia)|Q&A]]'' tersebut karena dianggap "bias sayap kiri" dan Peristiwa Zaky Mallah. Turnbull mengatakan kepada program ABC 7.30 selama pemboikotan bahwa "Saya berpendapat bahwa di mana pun ada mikrofon terbuka, saya akan senang berada di sisi yang lain."<ref>[https://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/qa-boycott-malcolm-turnbull-refuses-to-back-tony-abbott-20150713-gibgkp.html Q&A boycott: Malcolm Turnbull refuses to back Tony Abbott]; ''The Sydney Morning Herald''; 14 July 2016</ref>
Setelah menjabat dari Abbott, Turnbull memboikot jaringan radio 2GB dan 4BC, setelah ia dikritik oleh komentator konservatif berperingkat tinggi [[Alan Jones (penyiar radio Australia)|Alan Jones]], [[Andrew Bolt]], [[Ben Fordham]], dan [[Ray Hadley]].<ref name="PM MIA on 2GB">[http://www.abc.net.au/mediawatch/transcripts/s4437026.htm PM MIA on 2GB]; Media Watch; ABC; 10 April 2016</ref> Kenaikan jabatan Turnbull ke kepemimpinan Liberal disambut baik oleh komentator politik ABC [[Kerry O'Brien]],<ref>[https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/tv-and-radio/kerry-obrien-stepping-down-as-host-of-abctvs-four-corners-20151106-gkssti.html Kerry O'Brien stepping down as host of ABC-TV's Four Corners], ''The Sydney Morning Herald''; 16 November 2015.</ref> [[Barrie Cassidy]],<ref>{{cite news|last=Himbrechts|first=Dan|date=26 November 2015|title=If leadership coups were the problem, why have things improved?|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-11-27/cassidy-rethinking-the-conventional-wisdom-about-political-coups/6977346|newspaper=ABC News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=19 November 2015|title=Welcome to the new, positive era of Australian politics. No really|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-11-20/cassidy-welcome-to-the-new,-positive-era-of-australian-politics/6956820|newspaper=ABC News}}</ref> [[Fran Kelly]]<ref>{{cite web|date=15 November 2015|title=Insiders – 15/11/2015: Insiders Sunday November 15 Full Program – Insiders – ABC|url=http://www.abc.net.au/insiders/content/2015/s4352244.htm|website=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]}}</ref> and [[Paul Bongiorno]].<ref>''RN Breakfast with Fran Kelly'', ABC Radio National, 8 March 2016</ref> Pada bulan April 2016, Turnbull telah melakukan 17 wawancara di ABC, dan tidak ada satupun yang dilakukan di 2GB.<ref name="PM MIA on 2GB2">[http://www.abc.net.au/mediawatch/transcripts/s4437026.htm PM MIA on 2GB]; Media Watch; ABC; 10 April 2016</ref> Komentator politik Fairfax Mark Kenny menyebut Turnbull sebagai "aset elektoral terbaik" Koalisi.<ref>[https://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-opinion/malcolm-turnbull-struggles-against-his-own-benchmark-20160405-gnyj2p.html Malcolm Turnbull struggles against his own benchmark]; Mark Kenny; ''The Sydney Morning Herald''; 5 April 2016</ref>
=== Pemilihan umum federal 2016 ===
[[File:Malcolm_Turnbull_visits_Peter_Cosgrove_to_request_double_dissolution.jpg|pra=https://en.wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/File:Malcolm_Turnbull_visits_Peter_Cosgrove_to_request_double_dissolution.jpg|kiri|jmpl|Turnbull mengunjungi Peter Cosgrove untuk menyarankannya untuk melakukan pembubaran ganda [[Parlemen Australia]] agar pemilihan umum kedua lembaga legislatif dilaksanakan]]
Pada 21 Maret 2016, Turnbull mengumumkan bahwa bahwa [[Dewan Perwakilan Australia|Parlemen]] akan mempertimbangkan rancangan undang-undang untuk mengembalikan [[Komisi Pembangunan dan Konstruksi Australia]] (ABCC), setelah sebelumnya rancangan undang-undang tersebut ditolak dua kali. Turnbull menyatakan jika [[Senat Australia|Senat]] menolak rancangan undang-undang tersebut untuk ketiga kalinya, ia akan menyarankan gubernur jenderal, [[Peter Cosgrove|Sir Peter Cosgrove]], untuk mengadakan [[pembubaran ganda]] Parlemen dan pemilihan umum federal pada tanggal 2 Juli. Turnbull juga mempercepat penyampaian anggaran federal dari tanggal 10 menjadi 3 Mei untuk memfasilitasi hal ini.<ref name="aprilrecall">{{cite news|date=21 March 2016|title=Malcolm Turnbull recalls Parliament for April 18 sitting ahead of early election|url=http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/malcolm-turnbull-recalls-parliament-for-april-18-sitting-ahead-of-early-election-20160320-gnmy2v.html|work=[[Sydney Morning Herald]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160321173013/http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/malcolm-turnbull-recalls-parliament-for-april-18-sitting-ahead-of-early-election-20160320-gnmy2v.html|archive-date=21 March 2016|access-date=21 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Pada tanggal 18 April, Senat sekali lagi menolak rancangan undang-undang untuk mengembalikan ABCC. Pada tanggal 8 Mei, Turnbull mengunjungi [[Government House, Canberra|Government House]] untuk menyarankan Cosgrove agar mengeluarkan surat perintah pembubaran ganda pada tanggal 9 Mei; hal ini menegaskan tanggal pemilihan umum pada tanggal 2 Juli 2016.<ref>{{cite web|date=8 May 2016|title=It's official: Malcolm Turnbull confirms Australia will go to the polls on July 2|url=http://www.9news.com.au/National/2016/05/08/08/46/Prime-Minister-Malcolm-Turnbull-set-to-seek-double-dissolution-election|work=Ninemsn|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160515013249/http://www.9news.com.au/national/2016/05/08/08/46/prime-minister-malcolm-turnbull-set-to-seek-double-dissolution-election|archive-date=15 May 2016|access-date=5 June 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
Selama kampanye [[Pemilihan umum federal Australia 2016|pemilihan federal 2016]], jajak pendapat ReachTEL yang melibatkan 626 pemilih Wentworth yang dilakukan pada 31 Mei memprediksi perubahan suara dua partai terhadap Turnbull untuk pertama kalinya sejak ia terpilih di Wentworth, dengan hasil penurunan suara dua partai sebesar 58% dari perubahan suara dua partai sebesar 10,9%.<ref>{{cite web|date=4 June 2016|title=Exclusive: Malcolm Turnbull facing 10% swing in Wentworth as his popularity plummets|url=http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/federal-election-2016/malcolm-turnbull-facing-10-swing-in-wentworth-as-his-popularity-plummets-20160603-gpazki.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160627115135/http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/federal-election-2016/malcolm-turnbull-facing-10-swing-in-wentworth-as-his-popularity-plummets-20160603-gpazki.html|archive-date=27 June 2016|access-date=20 June 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Turnbull menciptakan sebuah kontroversi saat Presiden [[Dewan Ulama Nasional Australia]] Sheikh [[Shady Alsuleiman]] berpartisipasi dalam jamuan [[iftar]] bersama Turnbull di [[Kirribilli House]]. Turnbull menyatakan bahwa ia tidak akan mengundang Shady Alsuleiman jika ia mengetahui pandangan politiknya mengenai [[Homoseksualitas|homoseksual]].<ref>{{cite news|author=Keany, Francis|date=17 June 2016|title=Malcolm Turnbull regrets hosting homophobic Islamic cleric Sheikh Shady Alsuleiman at Kirribilli|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-06-17/pm-criticises-islamic-clerics-homophobic-comments/7520884|work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160620161411/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-06-17/pm-criticises-islamic-clerics-homophobic-comments/7520884|archive-date=20 June 2016|access-date=23 June 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
Turnbull berhasil memenangkan pemilu tersebut, namun kehilangan 14 kursi parlemen untuk pemerintahan mayoritas absolut. Pemerintah Turnbull tetap mempertahankan mayoritas dengan hanya 1 kursi.<ref>{{cite web|date=10 July 2016|title='It's vital this parliament works': Turnbull claims election win|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-07-10/election-2016-malcolm-turnbull-claims-election-victory/7584400|website=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160710102231/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-07-10/election-2016-malcolm-turnbull-claims-election-victory/7584400|archive-date=10 July 2016|access-date=20 July 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Hasil ini adalah hasil yang ketat sejak [[pemilihan umum federal Australia 1961]]. Pada hari-hari setelah pemilihan, ketika hasilnya masih belum pasti, Turnbull harus bernegosiasi dengan kubu lintas partai untuk mendapatkan kepercayaan dan memberikan dukungan dari [[Bob Katter]], [[Andrew Wilkie]], dan [[Cathy McGowan]] jika terjadi [[parlemen gantung]] dan [[pemerintahan minoritas]] yang dihasilkan.<ref name="Massola-2016">{{cite web|last=Massola|first=James|date=8 July 2016|title='Back within the year': Bill Shorten predicts second election|url=http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/federal-election-2016/election-results-bill-shorten-predicts-second-poll-as-cathy-mcgowan-offers-coaltion-support-20160708-gq1f9m.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160712193224/http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/federal-election-2016/election-results-bill-shorten-predicts-second-poll-as-cathy-mcgowan-offers-coaltion-support-20160708-gq1f9m.html|archive-date=12 July 2016|access-date=11 September 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Pada 2017, Turnbull mengonfirmasikan bahwa ia sendiri mendanai A$1.75 juta kepada kampanye Partai Liberal.<ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-02-01/turnbull-admits-donating-1.75-million-to-election-campaign/8233244 Turnbull admits donating $1.75 million to election campaign] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201233201/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-02-01/turnbull-admits-donating-1.75-million-to-election-campaign/8233244|date=1 February 2017}} ''ABC News'' 1 February 2017</ref>
=== Kebijakan pencari suaka ===
[[File:Donald_Trump_and_Malcolm_Turnbull_2017.jpg|pra=https://en.wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_and_Malcolm_Turnbull_2017.jpg|jmpl|Turnbull dan Presiden Amerika Serikat [[Donald Trump]] di [[Kota New York]], Mei 2017]]
Kebijakan pencari suaka merupakan isu yang kontroversial dalam politik Australia, terutama sejak peristiwa Tampa. Melanjutkan sikap bipartisan Operasi Perbatasan Berdaulat telah menjadi garis depan kebijakan pencari suaka Koalisi. Sekitar 1.250 pencari suaka masih berada di pusat pemrosesan lepas pantai di [[Pulau Manus]] dan [[Nauru]]. Pada bulan Agustus 2016, para pengunjuk rasa menyerukan penutupan kamp-kamp di Manus dan Nauru<ref>{{cite news|last=Davidson|first=Helen|date=27 August 2016|title=Thousands call for Nauru and Manus camps to close in rallies across Australia|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2016/aug/27/nauru-files-manus-island-close-the-camps-rallies-asylum-seeker|newspaper=The Guardian|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202191619/https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2016/aug/27/nauru-files-manus-island-close-the-camps-rallies-asylum-seeker|archive-date=2 February 2017|access-date=2 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> setelah ''The Guardian'' merilis laporan insiden yang bocor yang menuduh adanya "disfungsi dan kekejaman rutin" di Nauru.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Farrell|first1=Paul|last2=Evershed|first2=Nick|last3=Davidson|first3=Helen|date=10 August 2016|title=The Nauru files: cache of 2,000 leaked reports reveal scale of abuse of children in Australian offshore detention|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2016/aug/10/the-nauru-files-2000-leaked-reports-reveal-scale-of-abuse-of-children-in-australian-offshore-detention|newspaper=The Guardian|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202191459/https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2016/aug/10/the-nauru-files-2000-leaked-reports-reveal-scale-of-abuse-of-children-in-australian-offshore-detention|archive-date=2 February 2017|access-date=2 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
Pada Juli 2016, pemerintahan [[Barack Obama]] mendirikan pusat pengungsi di [[Kosta Rika]] sebagai respons terhadap krisis migrasi Amerika Tengah.<ref>{{cite news|last=Holpuch|first=Amanda|date=26 July 2016|title=US partners with Costa Rica to protect Central American refugees|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jul/26/central-american-refugees-costa-rica-obama-administration|newspaper=The Guardian|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170807232235/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jul/26/central-american-refugees-costa-rica-obama-administration|archive-date=7 August 2017|access-date=26 July 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=David Wroe|date=21 September 2016|title='Northern Triangle' of death: Australia-bound refugees fleeing a brutal gang conflict|url=http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/northern-triangle-of-death-australiabound-refugees-fleeing-a-brutal-gang-conflict-20160921-grl9x3.html|work=Sydney Morning Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170913194521/http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/northern-triangle-of-death-australiabound-refugees-fleeing-a-brutal-gang-conflict-20160921-grl9x3.html|archive-date=13 September 2017|access-date=26 July 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Turnbull dan Dutton kemudian mengumumkan bahwa Australia akan menerima 1,250 pengungsi dari [[Amerika Tengah]] sebagai imbalan Amerika yang akan menerima pengungsi mereka dari [[Nauru]] dan [[Pulau Manus]].<ref>{{cite web|date=12 November 2016|title=Some Refugees Held in Australian Island Camps to Be Resettled in US|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/us-agrees-to-resettle-some-refugees-in-pacific-island-camps/3593927.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170618035909/https://www.voanews.com/a/us-agrees-to-resettle-some-refugees-in-pacific-island-camps/3593927.html|archive-date=18 June 2017|access-date=26 July 2017|agency=[[Associated Press]]|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=13 November 2016|title=PM unveils 'one-off' refugee resettlement deal with US|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-11-13/australia-announces-refugee-resettlement-deal-with-us/8021120|newspaper=ABC News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170203160813/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-11-13/australia-announces-refugee-resettlement-deal-with-us/8021120|archive-date=3 February 2017|access-date=2 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Manus and Nauru resettlement deal - Labor asks why it has taken so long|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/immigration/manus-nauru-resettlement-deal-labor-asks-why-its-taken-so-long/news-story/eba0f9607e3e258527f0acdc8b8fef1d}}</ref> Kesepakatan ini dikritik oleh [[Donald Trump]] yang menyatakan bahwa perjanjian tersebut adalah perjanjian "konyol" dan "perjanjian terburuk sepanjang masa".<ref>{{Cite news|last=Murphy|first=Katharine|last2=Doherty|first2=Ben|date=2017-02-02|title=Trump lashes 'dumb deal' with Australia on refugees after fraught call with Turnbull|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2017/feb/02/trump-told-turnbull-refugee-agreement-was-the-worst-deal-ever-report|newspaper=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|access-date=2024-11-11}}</ref>
=== Plebisit perkawinan sesama jenis ===
[[File:Turnbull_selfie_with_Xi_Trump_Quang.jpg|pra=https://en.wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/File:Turnbull_selfie_with_Xi_Trump_Quang.jpg|jmpl|Turnbull mengambil foto selfie dengan [[Trần Đại Quang]], [[Donald Trump]] dan [[Xi Jinping]], November 2017]]
Sebelum era Turnbull, Partai Liberal memutuskan untuk menyelesaikan isu perkawinan sesama jenis dengan mengantarkan isu tersebut ke rakyat Australia melalui [[plebisit]].<ref>{{cite web|date=29 January 2016|title=Tony Abbott will back result of plebiscite on same-sex marriage|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2016/jan/30/tony-abbott-says-he-will-back-result-of-plebiscite-on-same-sex-marriage|work=The Guardian|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210919045406/https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2016/jan/30/tony-abbott-says-he-will-back-result-of-plebiscite-on-same-sex-marriage|archive-date=19 September 2021|access-date=19 September 2021|agency=[[Australian Associated Press]]|url-status=live}}</ref> Undang-undang yang mengesahkan ditolak dua kali oleh Senat,<ref>{{cite web|date=28 May 2004|title=PM targets gays in marriage law|url=http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2004/05/27/1085461876842.html|work=[[Sydney Morning Herald]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180508233051/https://www.smh.com.au/articles/2004/05/27/1085461876842.html|archive-date=8 May 2018|access-date=24 November 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=13 December 2013|title=High Court throws out ACT's same-sex marriage laws|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-12-12/high-court-decision-on-act-same-sex-marriage-laws/5152168|location=Australia|publisher=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212090159/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-12-12/high-court-decision-on-act-same-sex-marriage-laws/5152168|archive-date=12 December 2013|access-date=20 January 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> sehingga pemerintah melakukan plebisit tersebut melalui pos yang melibatkan [[Australian Bureau of Statistics]] (ABS) dalam melakukan survei nasional dengan menanyakan kepada para pemilih apakah mereka ingin melihat perubahan dalam definisi pernikahan.<ref>{{cite web|date=7 August 2017|title=Turnbull government kills same-sex marriage conscience vote, agrees to postal plebiscite|url=http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/turnbull-government-kills-samesex-marriage-conscience-vote-agrees-to-postal-plebiscite-20170807-gxqzam.html|work=[[Sydney Morning Herald]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170807153437/http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/turnbull-government-kills-samesex-marriage-conscience-vote-agrees-to-postal-plebiscite-20170807-gxqzam.html|archive-date=7 August 2017|access-date=19 September 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Pengiriman surat suara dimulai pada 12 September 2017, karena upaya untuk mencegah survei melalui tantangan Pengadilan Tinggi gagal. Survei berakhir pada 7 November 2017 dan hasilnya dirilis pada 15 November tahun yang sama. Survei kembali dengan total 7.817.247 (61,6%) tanggapan "Ya" dan 4.873.987 (38,4%) tanggapan "Tidak".<ref>{{Cite web|date=15 November 2017|title=Australia says yes to same-sex marriage in historic postal survey|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2017/nov/15/australia-says-yes-to-same-sex-marriage-in-historic-postal-survey|work=The Guardian|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190517061852/https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2017/nov/15/australia-says-yes-to-same-sex-marriage-in-historic-postal-survey|archive-date=17 May 2019|access-date=19 September 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>
Setelah pemungutan suara, setelah empat hari perdebatan mengenai amandemen yang mencakup proposal untuk meningkatkan perlindungan agama untuk menolak layanan kepada pasangan sesama jenis, pada 7 Desember 2017 pernikahan sesama jenis dilegalkan melalui pemungutan suara parlemen oleh DPR; Turnbull sendiri memilih "Ya".<ref>{{cite web|date=29 November 2017|title=Same-sex marriage bill passes Senate with day to spare before House of Representatives resumes|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-11-29/same-sex-marriage-bill-passes-senate/9202478|work=ABC News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180906125519/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-11-29/same-sex-marriage-bill-passes-senate/9202478|archive-date=6 September 2018|access-date=19 September 2021|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Yaxley|first=Louise|date=15 November 2017|title=Australia has said Yes, so how will your MP vote on a same-sex marriage bill in Parliament?|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-11-14/same-sex-marriage-if-the-survey-says-yes-how-will-your-mp-vote/9104112?nw=0|work=[[ABC News (Australia)]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200718113749/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-11-14/same-sex-marriage-if-the-survey-says-yes-how-will-your-mp-vote/9104112?nw=0|archive-date=18 July 2020|accessdate=18 November 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Pernikahan sesama jenis pertama di Australia terjadi sebagai hasil dari perubahan hukum pada 9 Januari 2018.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Karp|first1=Paul|date=7 December 2017|title=y Marriage equality law passes Australia's parliament in landslide vote|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2017/dec/07/marriage-equality-law-passes-australias-parliament-in-landslide-vote|website=The Guardian Australia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190520055412/https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2017/dec/07/marriage-equality-law-passes-australias-parliament-in-landslide-vote|archive-date=20 May 2019|access-date=7 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
=== Krisis eligibilitas Parlemen ===
[[File:CJCS_Attends_Shangri-La_Dialogue_PB383_(34664387820).jpg|pra=https://en.wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/File:CJCS_Attends_Shangri-La_Dialogue_PB383_(34664387820).jpg|jmpl|Turnbull pada Juni 2017]]
Anggota pemerintahan Turnbull termasuk di antara mereka yang terlibat dalam krisis kelayakan parlemen yang muncul pada tahun 2017, yang mendiskualifikasi beberapa anggota parlemen yang memegang kewarganegaraan ganda sesuai dengan subbagian 44(i) Konstitusi Australia.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Kenny|first1=Mark|date=3 November 2017|title=Citizenship fiasco deepens, threatening Malcolm Turnbull's authority|url=http://www.canberratimes.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/citizenship-fiasco-deepens-threatening-malcolm-turnbulls-authority-20171103-gze3l4.html|website=The Canberra Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171230141648/http://www.canberratimes.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/citizenship-fiasco-deepens-threatening-malcolm-turnbulls-authority-20171103-gze3l4.html|archive-date=30 December 2017|access-date=3 November 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Remeikis-2017">{{cite web|last=Remeikis|first=Amy|date=18 August 2017|title=Constitutional crisis leaves Turnbull government fighting for its political life|url=http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/constitutional-crisis-leaves-turnbull-government-fighting-for-its-political-life-20170818-gxzi5c.html|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180123040942/http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/constitutional-crisis-leaves-turnbull-government-fighting-for-its-political-life-20170818-gxzi5c.html|archive-date=23 January 2018|access-date=25 August 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Tiga anggota Kabinetnya yang termasuk kedalam kelompok "Citizenship Seven" yang kasusnya disidangkan di [[Pengadilan Tinggi Australia]]: pemimpin dan wakil pemimpin [[Partai Nasional Australia|Partai Nasional]] yang memerintah bersama, Wakil Perdana Menteri [[Barnaby Joyce]], Senator [[Fiona Nash]], dan Menteri Sumber Daya [[Matt Canavan]], yang mengundurkan diri dari Kabinet setelah menemukan potensi kewarganegaraan gandanya.<ref name="section44">{{cite news|date=14 August 2017|title=Joyce admits NZ citizenship news a 'shock', expects to keep his seat|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-08-14/barnaby-joyce-new-zealand-citizenship-to-high-court/8803560|work=ABC News|language=en-AU|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170814014207/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-08-14/barnaby-joyce-new-zealand-citizenship-to-high-court/8803560|archive-date=14 August 2017|access-date=14 August 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Belot|first=Henry|date=25 July 2017|title=Matt Canavan resigns from Malcolm Turnbull's ministry over Italian citizenship|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-07-25/matt-canavan-citizenship-crisis-resigns-from-cabinet/8742702|work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170726091458/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-07-25/matt-canavan-citizenship-crisis-resigns-from-cabinet/8742702|archive-date=26 July 2017|access-date=26 July 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Pengadilan Tinggi memutuskan bahwa Canavan memenuhi syarat, tetapi mendiskualifikasi Joyce dan Nash yang memiliki kewarganegaraan ganda dari Parlemen.<ref name="high court">{{cite web|title=High Court of Australia|url=http://www.hcourt.gov.au/|work=Commonwealth of Australia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630024830/http://www.hcourt.gov.au/|archive-date=30 June 2018|access-date=27 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="abc 10 2017">{{Cite news|date=27 October 2017|title=Live: High Court rules Joyce ineligible to serve in Parliament|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-10-27/live-blog-high-court-delivers-judgement-on-citizenship-seven/9085032|work=ABC News|language=en-AU|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180101054431/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-10-27/live-blog-high-court-delivers-judgement-on-citizenship-seven/9085032|archive-date=1 January 2018|access-date=27 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Peatling-2017">{{cite news|last=Peatling|first=Stephanie|date=27 October 2017|title=Barnaby Joyce, Malcolm Roberts and other 'citizenship seven' MPs receive verdict – live from the High Court|url=http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/the-pulse-live/barnaby-joyce-malcolm-roberts-and-other-mps-receive-citizenship-verdict-from-high-court-20171027-gz9efa.html|work=Sydney Morning Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180202033529/http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/the-pulse-live/barnaby-joyce-malcolm-roberts-and-other-mps-receive-citizenship-verdict-from-high-court-20171027-gz9efa.html|archive-date=2 February 2018|access-date=27 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Remeikis-2017a">{{cite news|last=Remeikis|first=Amy|date=27 October 2017|title=Barnaby Joyce and four senators ruled ineligible for parliament – politics live|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/live/2017/oct/27/politics-live-high-court-citizenship-joyce|work=[[The Guardian]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180718034211/https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/live/2017/oct/27/politics-live-high-court-citizenship-joyce|archive-date=18 July 2018|access-date=27 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
Pemerintahan Turnbull juga sementara kehilangan mayoritasnya karena [[Barnaby Joyce]] didiskualifikasi dan anggota parlemen Liberal [[John Alexander]] yang juga memegang dua kewarganegaraan mengundurkan diri. Namun pada Desember 2017, Barnaby Joyce dan John Alexander kembali berkontestasi di pemilihan sela untuk kursi parlemen yang mereka tinggalkan ([[Divisi New England|New England]] untuk Barnaby & [[Divisi Bennelong|Bennelong]] untuk John) dan berhasil merebut kursi mereka kembali, sehingga dapat mempertahankan mayoritasnya di [[Dewan Perwakilan Australia]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Murphy|first1=Katherine|date=16 December 2017|title=Relief for Liberals as Bennelong byelection win saves Turnbull's majority|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2017/dec/16/bennelong-byelection-win-john-alexander-malcolm-turnbull-kristina-keneally|website=[[The Guardian Australia]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171217054441/https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2017/dec/16/bennelong-byelection-win-john-alexander-malcolm-turnbull-kristina-keneally|archive-date=17 December 2017|access-date=17 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
== Pandangan politik ==
Berasal dari kalangan moderat di [[Partai Liberal Australia]], Turnbull mendeskripsikan ideologinya sebagai seorang yang pragmatis dan memegang ideologi [[sentrisme]],<ref name="Johnson-2017">{{cite web|last=Johnson|first=Carol|author-link=Carol Johnson (academic)|date=12 July 2017|title=Turnbull is right to link the Liberals with the centre – but is the centre where it used to be?|url=https://theconversation.com/turnbull-is-right-to-link-the-liberals-with-the-centre-but-is-the-centre-where-it-used-to-be-80799|website=The Conversation|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230126084816/https://theconversation.com/turnbull-is-right-to-link-the-liberals-with-the-centre-but-is-the-centre-where-it-used-to-be-80799|archive-date=26 January 2023|access-date=26 January 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> dengan padangan [[Progresivisme|progresif]],<ref>{{cite news|last=Walker|first=Tony|date=18 September 2015|title=Malcolm Turnbull has difficulty with one letter|url=https://www.afr.com/politics/malcolm-turnbull-has-difficulty-with-one-letter-20150916-gjnyw4|work=[[Australian Financial Review]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230126084816/https://www.afr.com/politics/malcolm-turnbull-has-difficulty-with-one-letter-20150916-gjnyw4|archive-date=26 January 2023|access-date=26 January 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> dan [[liberalisme sosial]].<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Timms|first=Aaron|date=21 September 2015|title=Malcolm Turnbull and Australia's Experiment with Political Centrism|url=https://www.institutionalinvestor.com/article/b14z9wy5wrwx1h/malcolm-turnbull-and-australias-experiment-with-political-centrism|magazine=[[Institutional Investor (magazine)|Institutional Investor]]|publisher=[[Euromoney Institutional Investor]]|access-date=26 January 2023|archive-date=12 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220812145030/https://www.institutionalinvestor.com/article/b14z9wy5wrwx1h/malcolm-turnbull-and-australias-experiment-with-political-centrism|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Grattan|first=Michelle|author-link=Michelle Grattan|date=11 July 2017|title=Turnbull finds the "sensible centre" a slippery patch|url=https://theconversation.com/turnbull-finds-the-sensible-centre-a-slippery-patch-80833|website=[[The Conversation (website)|The Conversation]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230126084818/https://theconversation.com/turnbull-finds-the-sensible-centre-a-slippery-patch-80833|archive-date=26 January 2023|access-date=26 January 2023|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Waterford|first=Jack|date=15 July 2017|title=Malcolm Turnbull plays sensible centre half forward|url=https://www.canberratimes.com.au/story/6030534/malcolm-turnbull-plays-sensible-centre-half-forward/|work=[[The Canberra Times]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230126084819/https://www.canberratimes.com.au/story/6030534/malcolm-turnbull-plays-sensible-centre-half-forward/|archive-date=26 January 2023|access-date=26 January 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> Sebagai seorang penganut ideologi yang dipegang teguh oleh [[Perdana Menteri Australia|Perdana Menteri]] [[Alfred Deakin]]<ref>{{cite web|last=|first=|date=8 October 2012|title=Free at last! Or freedom lost? Liberty in the digital age: 2012 Alfred Deakin Lecture|url=https://www.malcolmturnbull.com.au/media/free-at-last-or-freedom-lost-liberty-in-the-digital-age-2012-alfred-deakin|website=malcolmturnbull.com.au|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230126084819/https://www.malcolmturnbull.com.au/media/free-at-last-or-freedom-lost-liberty-in-the-digital-age-2012-alfred-deakin|archive-date=26 January 2023|access-date=26 January 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> dan [[Robert Menzies]],<ref name="Johnson-2017" /><ref name="DisraliSpeech">{{cite web|last=|first=|date=11 July 2017|title=Disraeli Prize Speech: "In Defence of a Free Society" – London|url=https://www.malcolmturnbull.com.au/media/policy-exchange-london-disraeli-prize-speech-in-defence-of-a-free-society|website=malcolmturnbull.com.au|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230126084821/https://www.malcolmturnbull.com.au/media/policy-exchange-london-disraeli-prize-speech-in-defence-of-a-free-society|archive-date=26 January 2023|access-date=26 January 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> Turnbull mengatakan dalam pidatonya pada tahun 2017: "Pada tahun 1944 Menzies bersusah payah untuk tidak menyebut partai politik barunya, yang mengkonsolidasikan sayap kanan tengah politik Australia, sebagai "konservatif" – melainkan Partai Liberal, yang ia pimpin dengan kuat di pusat politik Australia. politik." Kemudian dia menambahkan: "Pusat yang masuk akal, menggunakan ungkapan pendahulu saya [[Tony Abbott]], adalah tempatnya dan tetap menjadi tempatnya sampai sekarang."<ref name="DisraliSpeech2">{{cite web|last=|first=|date=11 July 2017|title=Disraeli Prize Speech: "In Defence of a Free Society" – London|url=https://www.malcolmturnbull.com.au/media/policy-exchange-london-disraeli-prize-speech-in-defence-of-a-free-society|website=malcolmturnbull.com.au|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230126084821/https://www.malcolmturnbull.com.au/media/policy-exchange-london-disraeli-prize-speech-in-defence-of-a-free-society|archive-date=26 January 2023|access-date=26 January 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
== Kehidupan setelah politik ==
Pada 1 Juni 2019, Turnbull kembali bekerja di sektor swasta sebagai penasehat senior untuk perusahaan ekuitas global [[Kohlberg Kravis Roberts]].<ref>{{cite news|date=31 May 2019|title=Malcolm Turnbull joins global investment firm KKR|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2019/may/31/malcolm-turnbull-joins-global-investment-firm-kkr|work=The Guardian|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601042739/https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2019/may/31/malcolm-turnbull-joins-global-investment-firm-kkr|archive-date=1 June 2019|access-date=31 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Turnbull kembali ke Australia pada Desember 2019 untuk menghadiri episode final siaran ''Q&A'' yang dibawakan oleh Tony Jones sebagai bintang tamu pada 9 Desember 2019.
Malcolm Turnbull mengkritik penerusnya [[Scott Morrison]] secara publik karena tidak menanggapi krisis perubahan iklim secara serius dan berargumen bahwa ia seharusnya mempertahankan kebijakan [[Garansi Energi Nasional]] (NEG) miliknya. Menulis di [[The Guardian|''The Guardian'']], Turnbull menyatakan bahwa "Scott Morrison tidak boleh menyia-nyiakan krisis kebakaran hutan ketika Australia sangat membutuhkan [[Green New Deal]]... Tidak ada lagi alasan. Kita tidak bisa membiarkan prasangka politik dan kepentingan pribadi menghambat kita lebih lama lagi. Jika pernah ada krisis yang tidak boleh disia-siakan, krisis inilah yang terjadi. Morrison sekarang mempunyai peluang untuk menerapkan kembali NEG dengan target yang lebih tinggi. Dia dan [[Josh Frydenberg]] adalah salah satu pendukung terkuat partai ini ketika saya menjadi PM. Mereka meninggalkannya menjelang pemilu, untuk menenangkan sayap kanan Koalisi yang menyabotase pemilu."<ref>{{Cite news|last=Turnbull|first=Malcolm|date=11 January 2020|title=Scott Morrison can't afford to waste the bushfire crisis when Australia urgently needs its own green new deal {{!}} Malcolm Turnbull|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2020/jan/12/scott-morrison-cant-afford-to-waste-the-bushfire-crisis-when-australia-urgently-needs-its-own-green-new-deal|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200112000212/https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2020/jan/12/scott-morrison-cant-afford-to-waste-the-bushfire-crisis-when-australia-urgently-needs-its-own-green-new-deal|archive-date=12 January 2020|access-date=12 January 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
Pada 25 Oktober 2020, Turnbull memberikan dukungan kepada petisi yang diberikan oleh mantan perdana menteri [[Kevin Rudd]] untuk sebuah "Komisi Kerajaan untuk memastikan media berita Australia yang kuat dan beragam" dengan tujuan menyelidiki kendali [[Rupert Murdoch]] atas media berita Australia, men-tweet bahwa dia telah menandatanganinya dan mendorong orang lain untuk mengikutinya. Petisi tersebut merupakan petisi elektronik parlemen yang paling banyak ditandatangani di Australia, dengan lebih dari 500.000 tanda tangan.<ref>{{cite news|author=Wilson, Cam|date=29 October 2020|title=Kevin Rudd's News Corp Royal Commission Petition is Now Australia's Most Signed Parliamentary E-Petition Ever|url=https://www.gizmodo.com.au/2020/10/kevin-rudds-news-corp-royal-commission-petition-is-now-australias-most-signed-parliamentary-e-petition-ever/|work=Gizmodo|location=Australia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031083630/https://www.gizmodo.com.au/2020/10/kevin-rudds-news-corp-royal-commission-petition-is-now-australias-most-signed-parliamentary-e-petition-ever/|archive-date=31 October 2020|access-date=30 October 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Petisi tersebut kemudian diajukan ke [[Dewan Perwakilan Australia]] oleh anggota dari Partai Buruh [[Andrew Leigh]] pada 9 November 2020.<ref>{{cite news|author=Snape, Jack|date=10 October 2020|title=Petition calling for media royal commission and setting Australian record tabled in Parliament|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-11-09/media-diversity-petition-started-by-kevin-rudd-lodged-parliament/12863982|work=ABC News|location=Australia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109194248/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-11-09/media-diversity-petition-started-by-kevin-rudd-lodged-parliament/12863982|archive-date=9 November 2020|access-date=11 November 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
Pada 2021, Turnbull bergabung sebagai anggota dewan [[International Hydropower Association]] sebagai anggota non-eksekutif dan ketua bersama untuk Forum Internasional tentang Pembangkit Tenaga Air yang Dipompa yang diselenggarakan oleh organisasi tersebut.<ref>{{cite news|author=Snape, Jack|date=10 October 2020|title=Petition calling for media royal commission and setting Australian record tabled in Parliament|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-11-09/media-diversity-petition-started-by-kevin-rudd-lodged-parliament/12863982|work=ABC News|location=Australia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109194248/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-11-09/media-diversity-petition-started-by-kevin-rudd-lodged-parliament/12863982|archive-date=9 November 2020|access-date=11 November 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
Pada 2023, Turnbull memberikan pidato di Center for Asia Pacific Resilience and Innovation pada forum tahunan organisasi tersebut di [[Taipei]]. Di pidatonya, Turnbull memperingati bahwa [[Taiwan]] berada dibawah ancaman besar dari aktor lokal yang menyebarkan kebohongan dibandingkan kekuatan eksternal, tampaknya mengisyaratkan isu-isu terkini yang melibatkan [[Tiongkok]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Bourke|first1=Latika|date=29 May 2023|title='Drowning in lies': Turnbull warns Taipei audience of internal threat to democracy|url=https://www.theage.com.au/world/asia/drowning-in-lies-turnbull-warns-taipei-audience-of-internal-threat-to-democracy-20230529-p5dc7p.html|work=[[The Age]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529082440/https://www.theage.com.au/world/asia/drowning-in-lies-turnbull-warns-taipei-audience-of-internal-threat-to-democracy-20230529-p5dc7p.html|archive-date=29 May 2023|access-date=29 May 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
== Kehidupan pribadi ==
Malcolm menikah dengan [[Lucy Hughes]] yang menjabat sebagai [[Wali Kota Sydney]] dari 2003 sampai 2004 dan juga menjabat beberapa posisi penting lainnya. Mereka menikah pada 22 Maret 1980 di [[Cumnor]], [[Oxfordshire]] oleh seorang pendeta dari [[Gereja Inggris]] saat Malcolm Turnbull menempuh pendidikan di [[Universitas Oxford]].<ref name="Turnbull-2009">{{cite interview|last=Turnbull|first=Malcolm|interviewer=Belinda Hawkins|title=Malcolm Turnbull Interview|url=http://www.abc.net.au/austory/content/2007/s2645849.htm|type=transcript|work=[[Australian Story]]|publisher=[[ABC (Australian TV channel)|ABC TV]]|location=Australia|date=3 August 2009|access-date=26 December 2014|archive-date=19 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150919022518/http://www.abc.net.au/austory/content/2007/s2645849.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Mereka tinggal di pinggiran kota timur dari [[Sydney]].<ref name="AboutMalcolm">{{cite web|year=2016|title=About Malcolm|url=http://www.malcolmturnbull.com.au/meet-malcolm/biography|publisher=Malcolm Turnbull|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701062546/http://www.malcolmturnbull.com.au/meet-malcolm/biography|archive-date=1 July 2016|access-date=1 July 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Turnbull memiliki dua orang anak, yakni Alex dan Daisy Turnbull.<ref name="AboutMalcolm" /><ref>{{cite news|date=19 September 2013|title=Malcolm Turnbull announces safe arrival of grandson Jack on Twitter|url=http://www.news.com.au/national-news/malcolm-turnbull-announces-safe-arrival-of-grandson-jack-on-twitter/story-fncynjr2-1226722780584|work=News.com.au|publisher=[[News Corp Australia]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921195606/http://www.news.com.au/national-news/malcolm-turnbull-announces-safe-arrival-of-grandson-jack-on-twitter/story-fncynjr2-1226722780584|archive-date=21 September 2013|access-date=22 September 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> Malcolm Turnbull memiliki 3 orang cucu dari perkawinan Alex Turnbull dengan Yvonne Wang, seorang keturunan Tionghoa.<ref>{{cite web|date=15 September 2015|title=Is Malcolm Turnbull 'soft' on China because of his family connections?|url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/is-malcolm-turnbull-soft-on-china-because-of-his-family-connections-20150915-gjnbz8.html|publisher=Smh.com.au|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412045850/https://www.smh.com.au/national/is-malcolm-turnbull-soft-on-china-because-of-his-family-connections-20150915-gjnbz8.html|archive-date=12 April 2020|access-date=26 June 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=23 September 2015|title=Turnbull has Chinese daughter-in-law|url=http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/australianz/turnbull-has-chinese-daughter-in-law|newspaper=The Straits Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180623033352/https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/australianz/turnbull-has-chinese-daughter-in-law|archive-date=23 June 2018|access-date=26 June 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
Penggunaan nama tengah Bligh adalah sebuah tradisi di keluarga Turnbull dan nama tengah tersebut juga diwarisi oleh putranya, Alex. Salah satu kakek moyang Malcolm adalah seorang kolonis yang bernama John Turnbull, yang menamai anak bungsunya William Bligh Turnbull sebagai rasa hormat kepada [[Gubernur New South Wales]] [[William Bligh]] yang dilengserkan saat terjadi [[Pemberontakan Rum]].<ref>{{cite book|year=2007|title=Captain Bligh's Other Mutiny|location=Sydney|publisher=Random House Australia|isbn=978-1-74166-798-1|pages=84–85}}</ref>
Pada 2007, Turnbull menjadi ketua umum Liberal pertama yang mengakui telah merokok [[ganja]].<ref>{{cite web|date=25 September 2008|title=Turnbull's pot admission makes a whiff of history|url=https://amp.smh.com.au/national/turnbulls-pot-admission-makes-a-whiff-of-history-20080925-4o7e.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230617040334/https://amp.smh.com.au/national/turnbulls-pot-admission-makes-a-whiff-of-history-20080925-4o7e.html|archive-date=17 June 2023|access-date=17 June 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
=== Agama ===
Dibesarkan sebagai seorang [[Presbyterian]], Malcolm menjadi agnostik pada awal kehidupan dewasanya dan kemudian berpindah ke [[Gereja Katolik Roma]] "pada pertengahan 2002"; keluarga istrinya adalah penganut Katolik.<ref>{{cite web|last=Williams|first=Roy|title=The faith story of Malcolm Turnbull|url=http://tma.melbourneanglican.org.au/news-malcolm-turnbull-faith|publisher=Tma.melbourneanglican.org.au|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117023707/http://tma.melbourneanglican.org.au/news-malcolm-turnbull-faith|archive-date=17 November 2015|access-date=14 December 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=3 August 2009|title=Malcolm Turnbull interview with Belinda Hawkins|url=http://www.abc.net.au/austory/content/2007/s2645849.htm|publisher=ABC Australia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150919022518/http://www.abc.net.au/austory/content/2007/s2645849.htm|archive-date=19 September 2015|access-date=2 November 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> Namun, Malcolm tidak sepenuhnya setuju dengan keyakinan Katolik mengenai [[aborsi]], [[Sel punca|riset sel punca]] dan [[perkawinan sejenis]].<ref>{{cite news|date=6 June 2007|title=Catholic MPs to defy Pell over bill|url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/national/catholic-mps-to-defy-pell-over-bill/2007/06/05/1180809521252.html?page=fullpage|work=[[Sydney Morning Herald]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419032556/http://www.smh.com.au/news/national/catholic-mps-to-defy-pell-over-bill/2007/06/05/1180809521252.html?page=fullpage|archive-date=19 April 2014|access-date=2 November 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite interview|last=Turnbull|first=Malcolm|interviewer=[[Virginia Trioli]]|title=Artistic Politics|type=television panel interview|url=http://www.abc.net.au/tv/qanda/txt/s3537320.htm|format=transcript|work=[[Q&A (Australian talk show)|Q&A]]|publisher=[[ABC (Australian TV channel)|ABC TV]]|location=Australia|date=9 July 2012|access-date=26 December 2014|archive-date=26 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150226034005/http://www.abc.net.au/tv/qanda/txt/s3537320.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Turnbull mendukung undang undang yang merelaksasi pembatasan pil aborsi dan juga memilih undang undang [[transer inti sel somatik]].<ref>{{cite web|author1=Misha Schubert|author2=Jewel Topsfield|date=15 February 2006|title=Cardinal Pell enters RU486 debate|url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/cardinal-pell-enters-ru486-debate/2006/02/14/1139890738835.html|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018052713/http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/cardinal-pell-enters-ru486-debate/2006/02/14/1139890738835.html|archive-date=18 October 2015|access-date=15 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=16 February 2006|title=Therapeutic Goods Amendment (Repeal of Ministerial Responsibility for Approval of Ru486) Bill 2005|url=https://theyvoteforyou.org.au/people/representatives/wentworth/malcolm_turnbull/divisions/2006-02-16/2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117022733/https://theyvoteforyou.org.au/people/representatives/wentworth/malcolm_turnbull/divisions/2006-02-16/2|archive-date=17 November 2015|access-date=15 September 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=5 December 2006|title=Parliament Hansard – Malcolm Turnbull|url=http://www.openaustralia.org.au/debates/?id=2006-12-05.54.2#g76.1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018052713/http://www.openaustralia.org.au/debates/?id=2006-12-05.54.2#g76.1|archive-date=18 October 2015|access-date=15 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Ia melakukan hal tersebut walaupun ada penolakan dari [[Uskup Agung Sydney]] [[George Pell]] mengenai kedua RUU tersebut.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Schubert|first1=Misha|last2=Topsfield|first2=Jewel|date=15 February 2006|title=Cardinal Pell enters RU486 debate|url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/cardinal-pell-enters-ru486-debate/2006/02/14/1139890738835.html|website=The Age|location=Canberra|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906080618/http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/cardinal-pell-enters-ru486-debate/2006/02/14/1139890738835.html|archive-date=6 September 2017|access-date=29 June 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Smith|first1=Alexandra|last2=Morris|first2=Linda|date=6 June 2007|title=Catholic MPs to defy Pell over bill|url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/national/catholic-mps-to-defy-pell-over-bill/2007/06/05/1180809521252.html|website=Sydney Morning Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170517091827/http://www.smh.com.au/news/national/catholic-mps-to-defy-pell-over-bill/2007/06/05/1180809521252.html?|archive-date=17 May 2017|access-date=29 June 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
=== Kekayaan pribadi ===
Pada 2005, kekayaan Malcolm dan Lucy Turnbull dilaporkan mencapai A$133 juta,<ref>{{cite news|author1=Murphy, Katharine|author2=Grattan, Michelle|author-link2=Michelle Grattan|date=18 September 2008|title=All a bit rich as wealthy worlds collide in the battle for the battlers|url=http://www.theage.com.au/national/all-a-bit-rich-as-wealthy-worlds-collide-in-the-battle-for-the-battlers-20080917-4ior.html|work=[[The Age]]|location=Melbourne|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225075536/https://www.theage.com.au/national/all-a-bit-rich-as-wealthy-worlds-collide-in-the-battle-for-the-battlers-20080917-4ior.html|archive-date=25 February 2021|access-date=2 June 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> membuatnya menjadi anggota [[Parlemen Australia]] yang terkaya<ref>{{cite web|date=24 September 2008|title=The politics of envy and the actions of greed|url=http://www.livenews.com.au/Articles/2008/09/24/The_politics_of_envy_and_the_actions_of_greed|work=Live News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216134540/http://www.livenews.com.au/Articles/2008/09/24/The_politics_of_envy_and_the_actions_of_greed|archive-date=16 December 2008|access-date=27 April 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> sampai terpilihnya miliyarder [[Clive Palmer]] pada tahun 2013.<ref>{{cite web|last=Thomson|first=James|date=9 September 2013|title=Clive Palmer joins elite club of rich-list politicians, but his fortune's under pressure|url=http://www.brw.com.au/p/entrepreneurs/clive_palmer_joins_elite_pressure_e6OlAjqPq6be7UVAlKO9cI|work=[[BRW (magazine)|BRW]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923195100/http://www.brw.com.au/p/entrepreneurs/clive_palmer_joins_elite_pressure_e6OlAjqPq6be7UVAlKO9cI|archive-date=23 September 2015|access-date=29 December 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Griffiths|first=Emma|date=2 December 2013|title=Clive Palmer calls for company tax changes in maiden speech to Parliament|url=http://au.news.yahoo.com/a/20116606/clive-palmer-calls-for-company-tax-changes-in-maiden-speech-to/|publisher=Yahoo!7|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230235623/http://au.news.yahoo.com/a/20116606/clive-palmer-calls-for-company-tax-changes-in-maiden-speech-to/|archive-date=30 December 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> Namanya masuk ke daftar ''BRW Rich 200'' pada 2 tahun berturut pada 2010. Walaupun ia tersalip dari peringkat 182 ke 192, kekayaan Turnbull bertambah menjadi A$186 juta dan ia masih terdaftar sebagai satu-satunya anggota Parlemen di daftar tersebut.<ref>{{cite news|last=Zappone|first=Chris|date=26 May 2010|title=Politicians' wealth revealed as Malcolm Turnbull makes rich list again|url=http://www.smh.com.au/executive-style/luxury/politicians-wealth-revealed-as-malcolm-turnbull-makes-rich-list-again-20100526-wd6y.html|work=[[Sydney Morning Herald]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150125020432/http://www.smh.com.au/executive-style/luxury/politicians-wealth-revealed-as-malcolm-turnbull-makes-rich-list-again-20100526-wd6y.html|archive-date=25 January 2015|access-date=26 May 2010|url-status=live}}</ref> Turnbull tidak masuk ke daftar tersebut pada 2014.<ref>{{cite web|date=27 June 2014|title=BRW Rich 200|url=http://www.brw.com.au/lists/rich-200/2014/|work=[[BRW (magazine)|BRW]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000920/http://www.brw.com.au/lists/rich-200/2014/|archive-date=4 March 2016|access-date=26 December 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> Pada tahun 2015, harta kekayaannya tercatat sebesar A$200 juta.<ref name="John Stensholt-2015">{{cite news|author=John Stensholt|date=17 September 2015|title=Malcolm Turnbull: the member for Net Worth|url=http://www.afr.com/news/politics/national/malcolm-turnbull-the-member-for-net-worth-20150917-gjou0j|newspaper=[[Australian Financial Review]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127191953/http://www.afr.com/news/politics/national/malcolm-turnbull-the-member-for-net-worth-20150917-gjou0j|archive-date=27 November 2015|access-date=14 December 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>
== Gelar dan penghargaan ==
=== Gelar ===
* '''4 November 1957{{spaced ndash}}26 Maret 1994''': ''Mr'' Malcolm Turnbull
Baris 77 ⟶ 254:
* '''30 Januari 2007{{spaced ndash}}Sekarang''': ''The Honourable'' Malcolm Turnbull, MP
=== Penghargaan ===
* {{Flagicon|AUS}} '''1 Januari 2001''' [[Centenary Medal]], atas jasanya di sektor perusahaan.<ref>{{Citation|title=Its an Honour: Centenary Medal|publisher=AustralianGovernment|url=https://www.itsanhonour.gov.au/honours/honour_roll/search.cfm?aus_award_id=1116669&search_type=quick&showInd=true|accessdate=14 September 2015|archive-date=2015-10-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018052714/https://www.itsanhonour.gov.au/honours/honour_roll/search.cfm?aus_award_id=1116669&search_type=quick&showInd=true|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
== Karya ==
Turnbull telah menulis beberapa buku tentang perdebatan republik serta pengalamannya selama pengadilan ''Spycatcher'':
* ''The Spycatcher Trial'', 1988, ISBN 978-0-85561-239-9;<ref>{{cite book|author1=Turnbull, Malcolm|title=The Spycatcher trial|year=1988|url=https://archive.org/details/spycatchertrial0000turn|publication-date=1988|publisher=William Heinemann Australia|isbn=978-0-85561-239-9 }}</ref>
* ''The Reluctant Republic'', 1993, ISBN
* ''Fighting for the Republic: the Ultimate Insider's Account'', 1999, ISBN 978-1-86498-107-0.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Turnbull, Malcolm|title=Fighting for the republic: the ultimate insider's account|year=1999|url=https://archive.org/details/fightingforrepub0000turn|publication-date=1999|publisher=Hardie Grant|isbn=978-1-86498-107-0 }}</ref>
* ''A Bigger Picture'', 2020, ISBN 978-1-74379-563-7
== Lihat pula ==
* [[Lucy Turnbull]]
Baris 101 ⟶ 279:
== Pranala luar ==
{{Commons category|Malcolm Turnbull}}
* [http://www.malcolmturnbull.com.au/ Official website]
* [http://www.aph.gov.au/Senators_and_Members/Parliamentarian?MPID=885 Parliamentary profile]
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Baris 154 ⟶ 332:
{{Ketua Partai Liberal Australia}}
{{Kabinet Australia}}
{{Pemimpin EAS}}
{{Pemimpin APEC}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Turnbull, Malcolm}}
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