Wahana peluncur antariksa: Perbedaan antara revisi

[[Berkas:Apollo 11 Saturn V lifting off on July 16, 1969.jpg|jmpl|250px]]

 

 

== Jenis kendaraan peluncuran ==

=== Dengan platform peluncuran ===

* Darat: Spaceport dan silo rudal tetap (Strela) untuk dikonversi ICBM

* Udara: Pesawat (Pegasus, Virgin Galactic LauncherOne, Stratolaunch Sistem), balon (ARCASPACE), JP Aerospace Orbital Ascender, proposal permanen pelabuhan ruang angkasa Buoyant

=== Dengan ukuran ===

Ada banyak cara untuk mengklasifikasikan ukuran kendaraan peluncuran. The Komisi Agustinus yang diciptakan untuk meninjau rencana untuk mengganti Space Shuttle, menggunakan skema klasifikasi berikut:

 

== Perakitan ==

Kendaraan tahap tunggal (seperti sounding roket), dan kendaraan multi tahap mulai yang lebih kecil dari berbagai ukuran, biasanya dapat dirakit secara vertikal, langsung di landasan peluncuran dengan mengangkat setiap tahap pesawat ruang angkasa dan secara berurutan di tempat dengan cara diderek.

 

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|{{RUS}}

|[[Khrunichev]]

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| [[Khrunichev]]

| {{nts|14600}}<ref name="khru_angara"/>

| {{ntsh|70}} €50 (US$70)<ref name="esd2006">European Space Directory 2006. Referenced in: Brian Harvey, The Rebirth of the Russian Space Program. p.296.</ref>

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| {{RUS}}

| [[Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center|Khrunichev]]

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| {{nts|10476}} <ref name="faa ocst 2009" />

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| Operational

| 2002

| {{flag|Europe}}

| [[EADS Astrium Space Transportation|EADS Astrium]]

| {{nts|8000}} to GTO<ref name="gsp-ariane5">{{cite web|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/ariane5.htm |title=Ariane-5 |publisher=Space.skyrocket.de |date= |accessdate=2012-07-25}}</ref>

| {{nts|220}} <ref name="faa ocst 2009" />

|[[Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle|ASLV]]

|{{IND}}

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| {{USSR}}

| [[NPO Energia]] ([[Energia|Launcher]])<br>[[NPO Molniya]] ([[Buran (spacecraft)|Orbiter]])

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|{{nts|0}}

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| {{USA}}

| [[SpaceX]]

|url = http://www.spacex.com/falcon9.php

|title = Falcon 9 Overview

| {{nts|5359}}{{citation needed|date=December 2012}}

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| Retired<ref name=sfn>{{cite web |last=Clark|first=Stephen |url=http://spaceflightnow.com/falcon9/003/120518musk/ |title=Q&A with SpaceX founder and chief designer Elon Musk |date=2012-05-18 |accessdate=2013-11-04 |quote=''The next version of Falcon 9 will be used for everything. The last flight of version 1.0 will be Flight 5. All future missions after Flight 5 will be v1.1. We've got this mission, which is Flight 3. And we've two CRS [Commercial Resupply Services] missions, Flight 4 and Flight 5, which will fly Version 1.0. Then all future missions, CRS or otherwise, will fly Version 1.1.'' }}</ref>

| 2010

| {{USA}}

| [[SpaceX]]

| {{nts|56}}<ref name="SpaceX_f9" />

| {{nts|4109}}<ref name=nbf20130323/>

| [[Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mk III|GSLV Mk.III]]

| {{IND}}

| {{nts|10000}}{{citation needed|date=August 2012}}<!-- note: no sourced claim for LEO payload appears to be in the GSLV article as of 2012-08-12 -->

| {{nts|5,000}}<ref name=isro20120812>{{cite web |url=http://isro.org/Launchvehicles/GSLVMARKIII/mark3.aspx |title=GSLV Mark III |year=2011 |publisher=Indian Space Research Organisation |accessdate=2012-08-12 |archive-date=2012-11-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121125032756/http://isro.org/Launchvehicles/GSLVMARKIII/mark3.aspx |dead-url=yes }}</ref>

| [[China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology|CALT]]

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|{{JPN}}

|[[Nissan Motors]]<ref name=Nissan/>

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|{{IRI}}

|[[Iranian Space Agency]]

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|{{USA}}

|[[Stratolaunch Systems]]

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|Development<ref name=aw2011213/>

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|[[Stratolaunch launch vehicle|StratoLaunch]]

| [[Zenit-3SLB]]

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== Lihat pula ==

<ref name="Rocket and Space Technology">{{cite web| url = http://www.braeunig.us/space/specs/saturn.htm | title = Rocket and Space Technology | publisher = Braeunig.us|accessdate=2013-11-04}}</ref>

<ref name="Saturn">Alan Lawrie and Robert Godwin, '' [http://www.apogeespacebooks.com/Books/Saturn.html Saturn],'' 2005 (paperback, Apogee Books Space Series, 2010), ISBN 1-894959-19-1</ref>

<ref name="refN1-2">{{cite web|url=http://www.astronautix.com/craft/l3.htm |title=L3 |publisher=Astronautix.com |date= |accessdate=2013-11-04}}</ref>

<ref name="refN1-4">{{cite web|url=http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/n1.htm|title=N1|last=Wade|first=Mark|publisher=Encyclopedia Astronautica|accessdate=9 August 2010}}</ref>

<ref name="Energia3">{{cite web|url=http://www.astronautix.com/fam/energia.htm|title=Energia|last=Wade|first=Mark|publisher=Encyclopedia Astronautica|accessdate=9 August 2010}}</ref>

{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

 

* https://web.archive.org/web/20100805045010/http://cryptome.org/eyeball/satspy/satspy-eyeball.htm

* S. A. Kamal, A. Mirza: ''[http://www10.brinkster.com/drakamal/pub/confabst.htm#C66: The Multi-Stage-Q System and the Inverse-Q System for Possible application in SLV] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100414071325/http://www10.brinkster.com/drakamal/pub/confabst.htm#C66: |date=2010-04-14 }}'', Proc. IBCAST 2005, Volume 3, Control and Simulation, Edited by Hussain SI, Munir A, Kiyani J, Samar R, Khan MA, National Center for Physics, Bhurban, KP, Pakistan, 2006, pp 27–33 [http://www.ngds-ku.org/Papers/C66.pdf Free Full Text]

* S. A. Kamal: ''[http://www10.brinkster.com/drakamal/pub/confabst.htm#C67: Incorporating Cross-Range Error in the Lambert Scheme] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100414071325/http://www10.brinkster.com/drakamal/pub/confabst.htm#C67: |date=2010-04-14 }}'', Proc. 10th National Aeronautical Conf., Edited by Sheikh SR, Khan AM, Pakistan Air Force Academy, Risalpur, KP, Pakistan, 2006, pp 255–263 [http://www.ngds-ku.org/Papers/C67.pdf Free Full Text]

* S. A. Kamal: ''[http://www10.brinkster.com/drakamal/pub/confabst.htm#C72: The Multi-Stage-Lambert Scheme for Steering a Satellite-Launch Vehicle] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100414071325/http://www10.brinkster.com/drakamal/pub/confabst.htm#C72: |date=2010-04-14 }}'', Proc. 12th IEEE INMIC, Edited by Anis MK, Khan MK, Zaidi SJH, Bahria Univ., Karachi, Pakistan, 2008, pp 294–300 (invited paper) [http://www.ngds-ku.org/Papers/C72.pdf Free Full Text]

* S. A. Kamal: ''[http://www10.brinkster.com/drakamal/pub/confabst.htm#C56: Incompleteness of Cross-Product Steering and a Mathematical Formulation of Extended-Cross-Product Steering] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100414071325/http://www10.brinkster.com/drakamal/pub/confabst.htm#C56: |date=2010-04-14 }}'', Proc. IBCAST 2002, Volume 1, Advanced Materials, Computational Fluid Dynamics and Control Engineering, Edited by Hoorani HR, Munir A, Samar R, Zahir S, National Center for Physics, Bhurban, KP, Pakistan, 2003, pp 167–177 [http://www.ngds-ku.org/Papers/C56.pdf Free Full Text]

* S. A. Kamal: ''[http://www10.brinkster.com/drakamal/pub/confabst.htm#C55: Dot-Product Steering: A New Control Law for Satellites and Spacecrafts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100414071325/http://www10.brinkster.com/drakamal/pub/confabst.htm#C55: |date=2010-04-14 }}'', Proc. IBCAST 2002, Volume 1, Advanced Materials, Computational Fluid Dynamics and Control Engineering, Edited by Hoorani HR, Munir A, Samar R, Zahir S, National Center for Physics, Bhurban, KP, Pakistan, 2003, pp 178–184 [http://www.ngds-ku.org/Papers/C55.pdf Free Full Text]

* S. A. Kamal: ''[http://www10.brinkster.com/drakamal/pub/confabst.htm#C64: Ellipse-Orientation Steering: A Control Law for Spacecrafts and Satellite-Launch Vehicles] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100414071325/http://www10.brinkster.com/drakamal/pub/confabst.htm#C64: |date=2010-04-14 }}'', Space Science and the Challenges of the twenty-First Century, ISPA-SUPARCO Collaborative Seminar, Univ. of Karachi, 2005 (invited paper)

* http://www.spacelaunchreport.com/dnepr.html

* http://www.astronautix.com/articles/costhing.htm Encyclopedia Astronautica: Cost, Price, and the Whole Darn Thing