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Sumber-sumber yang ada memberikan rincian yang berbeda-beda mengenai kembalinya Temüjin ke padang rumput. Pada awal musim panas 1196, ia ikut serta dalam kampanye bersama dengan dinasti Jin melawan bangsa Tatar, yang mulai menentang kepentingan Jin. Sebagai hadiah, Jin memberinya gelar {{transl|mn|cha-ut kuri}}, yang kemungkinan berarti “komandan ratusan” dalam [[bahasa Jurchen]]. Pada sekitar waktu yang sama, Temüjin membantu Toghrul merebut kembali kepemimpinan suku Kereit setelah direbut oleh salah satu kerabat Toghrul dengan dukungan [[suku Naiman]] yang kuat.{{sfnm|Ratchnevsky|1991|1pp=52–53|Pelliot|1959|2pp=291–295}} Peristiwa tahun 1196 menandai titik balik status Temüjin di padang rumput—meskipun secara teknis ia masih menjadi bawahan Toghrul, dalam praktiknya, ia telah menjadi sekutu yang setara.{{sfnm|Ratchnevsky|1991|1pp=52–53|Sverdrup|2017|2p=56}}
 
Setelah kemenangannya di Dalan Baljut, Jamukha bertindak dengan sangat kejam,. dilaporkan''Sejarah Rahasia'' melaporkan bahwa Jamukha [[Kematian dengan cara direbus|merebus 70 tahanan hidup-hidup]] dan tidak menghormati tubuh para pemimpin yang menentangnya. Perilaku kasar ini membuat beberapa pengikutnya, termasuk Münglig, seorang mantan pengikut Yesügei, dan putra-putranya, [[pembelotan|berpindah haluan]] dan bergabung dengan Temüjin, yang kemungkinan besar tertarik dengan kekayaan Temüjin yang terus bertambah.{{sfnm|Ratchnevsky|1991|1pp=46–47|May|2018|2p=32}} Temüjin kemudian berurusan dengan suku Jurkin, yang sebelumnya telah menghinanya dalam sebuah pesta dan menolak untuk bergabung dengan kampanye Tatar. Setelah mengeksekusi para pemimpin mereka, ia menyuruh Belgutei untuk mematahkan punggung seorang pemimpin suku Jurkin dalam sebuah pertandingan [[gulat]] sebagai bentuk pembalasan. Tindakan ini, yang bertentangan dengan adat istiadat keadilan Mongol, hanya disebutkan oleh penulis ''Sejarah Rahasia'', yang tidak menyetujuinya. Peristiwa ini terjadi sekitar tahun 1197.{{sfn|Ratchnevsky|1991|pp=54–56}}
 
[[File:Mongol_Empire_c.1207.png|thumb|left|upright=1.6|Negara-negara kesukuan disatukan oleh Temüjin untuk mendirikan Kekaisaran Mongol]]
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Berusaha untuk menjadi kekuatan dominan di Mongolia timur, Temüjin pertama-tama mengalahkan Tayichiud dan kemudian, pada 1202, Tatar. Setelah setiap kemenangan, ia mengeksekusi para pemimpin klan dan menggabungkan para pejuang yang tersisa ke dalam pasukannya. Di antara anggota baru ini adalah Sorkan-Shira, yang sebelumnya telah membantu Temüjin, dan seorang prajurit muda bernama Jebe, yang membuat Temüjin terkesan dengan keterampilan dan keberaniannya—[[Jebe]] telah membunuh kuda Temüjin selama pertempuran dan tidak berusaha menyembunyikannya.{{sfnm|Ratchnevsky|1991|1pp=63–67|de Hartog|1999|2pp=21–22|3a1=Fitzhugh|3a2=Rossabi|3a3=Honeychurch|3y=2009|3p=102}}
 
Setelah menaklukkan Tatar, ada tiga kekuatan militer utama yang tersisa di padang rumput: Naiman di barat, Mongol di timur, dan Kereit di antaranya.{{sfn|May|2018|p=36}} Untuk memperkuat posisinya, Temüjin menyarankan agar putranya, Jochi, menikahi salah satu putri Toghrul. Namun, kaum elit Kereit, yang dipimpin oleh putra Toghrul, Senggum, melihat hal ini sebagai upaya Temüjin untuk menguasai suku mereka. Desas-desus tentang keturunanketidakjelasan nasab Jochi yangkemungkinan tidakmembuat pastimereka kemungkinanmerasa besarsemakin menambah kemarahan merekaterhina. Selain itu, Jamukha menunjukkan bahwa Temüjin merupakan ancaman bagi [[aristokrasi]] tradisional padang rumput karena ia sering mempromosikan rakyat jelata ke posisi tinggi, menantang tatanan sosial yang sudah mapan. AkhirnyaPada akhirnya, Toghrul menyerahbertindak seolah padamenuruti kekhawatiranpermintaan ini dan mencoba menjebak Temüjin dalam sebuah penyergapan. Namun, dua orang penggembala mendengar rencana tersebut, sehingga Temüjin dapat mengumpulkan beberapa pasukannya. Meskipun demikian, ia dikalahkan secara meyakinkan pada [[Pertempuran Gurun Pasir Qalaqaljid]].{{sfnm|Atwood|2004|1p=98|Ratchnevsky|1991|2pp=67–70|May|2018|3pp=36–37}}
 
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=== Daftar pustaka ===
{{refbegin|30em}}
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* {{cite book |last=Man |first=John |author-link=John Man (penulis) |date=2004 |title=Genghis Khan: Life, Death and Resurrection |location=London |publisher=[[Bantam Press]] |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/genghiskhanlifed0000manj |isbn=978-0-3129-8965-1 |ref=harv }}
* {{cite book |last=Man |first=John |author-link=John Man (penulis) |date=2014 |title=The Mongol Empire: Genghis Khan, His Heirs, and the Founding of Modern China |location=London |publisher=[[Penguin Random House]] |isbn=978-0-5521-6880-9|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last=May |first=Timothy |date=2007 |title=The Mongol Art of War: Chinggis Khan and the Mongol Military System |location=[[Yardley, Pennsylvania|Yardley]] |publisher=Westholme |url=https://archive.org/details/mongolartofwarch0000mayt |isbn=978-1-5941-6046-2 |ref=harv }}
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* {{cite journal |last=Pow |first=Stephen |date=2017 |title=The Last Campaign and Death of Jebe Noyan |journal=[[Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society]] |volume=27 |issue=1 |pages=31–51 |doi=10.1017/S135618631600033X|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |translator-last=de Rachewiltz |translator-first=Igor |translator-link=Igor de Rachewiltz |date=2015 |title=The Secret History of the Mongols: A Mongolian Epic Chronicle of the Thirteenth Century |url=https://cedar.wwu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1003&context=cedarbooks |access-date=22 November 2022 |type=Shorter Version; edited by John C. Street |ref={{SfnRef|de Rachewiltz 2015}} |archive-date=2020-10-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025144637/https://cedar.wwu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1003&context=cedarbooks |dead-url=no }}
* {{cite book |last=Ratchnevsky |first=Paul |year=1991 |translator=Thomas Haining |translator-link=Thomas Haining |title=Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy |publisher=[[Blackwell Publishing]] |location=Oxford |url=https://archive.org/details/genghiskhan00paul/ |url-access=registration |isbn=978-0-6311-6785-3 |ref=harv }}
* {{cite journal |last=Rosenfeld |first=Gavriel D. |author-link=Gavriel D. Rosenfeld |date=2018 |title=Who Was "Hitler" Before Hitler? Historical Analogies and the Struggle to Understand Nazism, 1930–1945 |journal=[[Central European History]] |volume=51 |issue=2 |pages=249–281 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26567826 |ref=harv |access-date=2024-08-21 |archive-date=2024-05-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517171111/https://www.jstor.org/stable/26567826 |dead-url=no }}
* {{cite encyclopedia |last=Sanders |first=Alan J. K. |date=2017 |title=Historical Dictionary of Mongolia |edition=Fourth |volume=1 |isbn=978-1-5381-0227-5 |url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Historical_Dictionary_of_Mongolia/UGwvDwAAQBAJ? |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]] |location=[[Lanham, Maryland|Lanham]] |ref=harv |access-date=2024-08-21 |archive-date=2024-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240128081424/https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Historical_Dictionary_of_Mongolia/UGwvDwAAQBAJ? |dead-url=no }}
* {{cite book |last=Sverdrup |first=Carl |date=2017 |title=The Mongol Conquests: The Military Campaigns of Genghis Khan and Sübe'etei |isbn=978-1-9133-3605-9 |publisher=Helion & Company |location=[[Solihull]] |url=https://archive.org/details/Book_1096 |url-access=registration |ref=harv }}
* {{cite book |last=Togan |first=Isenbike |date=2016 |chapter=Otchigin's Place in the Transformation from Family to Dynasty |title=Central Asia in the Middle Ages: Studies in Honour of Peter B. Golden |series=Turcologica |editor-last1=Zimonyi |editor-first1=Istvan |editor-last2=Karatay |editor-first2=Osman |publisher=[[Harrassowitz Verlag]] |location=[[Wiesbaden]] |url=https://www.academia.edu/36081475/2016_Otchigins_Place_in_the_Transformation_from_Family_to_Dyna_pdf |pages=407–424 |isbn=978-3-4471-0664-1 |ref=harv |access-date=2024-08-21 |archive-date=2023-07-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230727192951/https://www.academia.edu/36081475/2016_Otchigins_Place_in_the_Transformation_from_Family_to_Dyna_pdf |dead-url=no }}
* {{cite book |last=Waley |first=Arthur |author-link=Arthur Waley |date=2002 |title=The Secret History of the Mongols: and other pieces |publisher=House of Stratus |location=London |url=https://archive.org/details/secrethistoryofm0000unse/ |url-access=registration |isbn=978-1-8423-2370-0 |ref=harv }}
* {{cite book |last=Waterson |first=James |title=Defending Heaven: China's Mongol Wars, 1209–1370 |date=2013 |publisher=[[Pen and Sword Books|Frontline Books]] |isbn=978-1-7834-6943-7 |location=[[Barnsley]]|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last=Weatherford |first=Jack |author-link=Jack Weatherford |title=Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World |date=2004 |publisher=[[Crown Publishing Group]] |location=New York |isbn=978-0-3072-3781-1 |url=https://archive.org/details/genghiskhanmaki00jack |url-access=registration |ref=harv }}
* {{cite book |last=Wilkinson |first=Endymion |author-link=Endymion Wilkinson |date=2012 |orig-date=1973 |edition=Third |title=[[Chinese History: A New Manual]] |isbn=978-0-6740-6715-8 |publisher=[[Harvard University Press]] |location=[[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge]]|ref=harv}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |last=Wright |first=David Curtis |date=2017 |orig-year=2016 |encyclopedia=[[Oxford Bibliographies Online|Oxford Bibliographies]]: Military History |title=Genghis Khan |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |location=Oxford |doi=10.1093/OBO/9780199791279-0154 |url=https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/display/document/obo-9780199791279/obo-9780199791279-0154.xml |url-access=subscription |ref=harv |access-date=2024-08-21 |archive-date=2023-03-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320031927/https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/display/document/obo-9780199791279/obo-9780199791279-0154.xml |dead-url=no }}
* {{cite journal |first1=Wenpeng |last1=You |first2=Francesco M. |last2=Galassi |first3=Elena |last3=Varotto |first4=Maciej |last4=Henneberg |title=Genghis Khan's death (AD 1227): An unsolvable riddle or simply a pandemic disease? |journal=[[International Journal of Infectious Diseases]] |volume=104 |date=2021 |pages=347–348 |issn=1201-9712 |doi=10.1016/j.ijid.2020.12.089 |pmid=33444749 |s2cid=231610775 |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971221000205 |doi-access=free |hdl=10447/620953 |hdl-access=free |ref=harv |access-date=2024-08-21 |archive-date=2023-07-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719204147/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971221000205 |dead-url=no }}
{{refend}}
 
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