Wikipedia

Akhir Mandat Britania untuk Palestina: Perbedaan antara revisi

Jelajahi riwayat secara interaktif
← Revisi sebelumnya
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
VisualTeks wiki
menerjemahkan→Latar Belakang
Tidak ada ringkasan suntingan
 
(37 revisi perantara oleh 4 pengguna tidak ditampilkan)
Baris 1:
{{short description|Conclusion of responsibility for administration}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2021}}[[File:Palestine termination of the mandate 15th May 1948.djvu|thumb|"Palestine: Termination of the Mandate," the official British Government publication on termination, providing a historical assessment of the mandate and reasons for its termination.]]▼
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2021}}
Berakhirnya [[Mandat untukBritania atas Palestina|Mandat Inggris untuk Palestina]] secara resmi ditetapkan melalui RUU Palestina tanggal 29 April 1948.<ref name="Publishing2013">{{cite book|author=Bloomsbury Publishing|title=Whitaker's Britain|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CXGuAAAAQBAJ&pg=PT127|date=26 September 2013|publisher=A&C Black|isbn=978-1-4729-0380-8|pages=127–}}</ref> Pernyataan publik yang disiapkan oleh [[Kantor_Kolonial#Kantor_Kolonial_Kedua_(1854–1966)|Kantor Kolonial dan Luar Negeri]] menegaskan penghentian tanggung jawab Inggris atas pemerintahan Palestina mulai tengah malam tanggal 14 Mei 1948.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.religion-science-peace.org/2015/06/19/british-government-statement-on-the-end-of-the-palestine-mandate/|title= British Government statement on the end of the Palestine Mandate|last= Fincham|first= David Gerald |date= 19 June 2015|access-date= 23 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://archive.org/details/PalestineTerminationOfTheMandate15thMay1948|title= Palestine Termination of the Mandate 15th May 1948|publisher = HMSO|date= 15 May 1948|access-date= 23 October 2018}}</ref>▼
▲[[File:Palestine termination of the mandate 15th May 1948.djvu|thumb|"Palestine: Termination of the Mandate," the official British Government publication on termination, providing a historical assessment of the mandate and reasons for its termination.]]
▲Berakhirnya [[Mandat untuk Palestina|Mandat Inggris untuk Palestina]] secara resmi ditetapkan melalui RUU Palestina tanggal 29 April 1948.<ref name="Publishing2013">{{cite book|author=Bloomsbury Publishing|title=Whitaker's Britain|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CXGuAAAAQBAJ&pg=PT127|date=26 September 2013|publisher=A&C Black|isbn=978-1-4729-0380-8|pages=127–}}</ref> Pernyataan publik yang disiapkan oleh [[Kantor_Kolonial#Kantor_Kolonial_Kedua_(1854–1966)|Kantor Kolonial dan Luar Negeri]] menegaskan penghentian tanggung jawab Inggris atas pemerintahan Palestina mulai tengah malam tanggal 14 Mei 1948.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.religion-science-peace.org/2015/06/19/british-government-statement-on-the-end-of-the-palestine-mandate/|title= British Government statement on the end of the Palestine Mandate|last= Fincham|first= David Gerald |date= 19 June 2015|access-date= 23 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://archive.org/details/PalestineTerminationOfTheMandate15thMay1948|title= Palestine Termination of the Mandate 15th May 1948|publisher = HMSO|date= 15 May 1948|access-date= 23 October 2018}}</ref>
 
== Latar Belakang ==
Baris 12 ⟶ 11:
Pada bulan Juli 1945, [[Laporan Harrison]] diterbitkan,<ref>Penkower, Monty Noam. "[http://americanjewisharchives.org/publications/journal/PDF/2016_68_01_00_penkower.pdf The Earl Laporan Harrison: Kejadiannya dan Signifikansinya]". [[Pusat Arsip Yahudi Amerika Jacob Rader Marcus|Jurnal Arsip Yahudi Amerika]], 68, no.1 (2016): 1–75</ref>{{efn|group=qt|Penkower, 2016, pages 56–58: "The official British response could be foretold. Truman's 24 July request of Churchill had already set Near East specialist Beeley's teeth on edge, indicating to him that the Zionists had been "deploringly successful in selling the idea" that, even after Allied victory, immigration to Palestine represented for many Jews "their only hope for survival." Wishing to avoid a postwar influx of Jews into Palestine, the Foreign Office's Refugee Department had expressed the fear in March 1944 that British trials of Germans on charges of crimes against humanity committed against Jews would convince survivors not to return to their native countries after the war. Whitehall's expert on refugees, Ian Henderson, was convinced that the Zionists were behind Harrison's recommendations. British military authorities in Germany rejected Harrison's criticism, claiming that Jews were being treated exactly like all other displaced persons... In Bevin's mind, Harrison's report was "not based on real investigation." Bevin told Weizmann that Truman was merely trying to gain votes by his stance; the United States had to take its share of those Jews who must be removed from Europe."}} menggambarkan kondisi [[Kamp pengungsi di pasca Perang Dunia II Eropa|kamp pengungsi di Eropa pasca-Perang Dunia II]].
 
Pada bulan Oktober 1945, Menteri Luar Negeri saat itu [[Ernest Bevin|Bevin]] mengatakan kepada kabinet bahwa Inggris bermaksud menyerahkan masalah Palestina ke PBB, namun Inggris akan dituduh menghindari tanggung jawabnya jika Inggris tidak melakukan upaya sendiri terlebih dahulu. dalam menyelesaikan situasi tersebut.<ref>{{cite journal|first1=Miriam Joyce|last1=Haron|title=The British Decision to Give the Palestine Question to the United Nations|journal=Middle Eastern Studies|volume=17|issue=2|pages=241–248|date=1981|jstor=4282830|doi=10.1080/00263208108700469}}</ref>
 
[[Liga Bangsa-Bangsa]] pada pertemuan terakhirnya pada tanggal 18 April 1946 setuju untuk melikuidasi dan mentransfer seluruh asetnya ke PBB.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://worldatwar.net/timeline/other/league18-46.html|title=League of Nations Timeline|website=worldatwar.net}}</ref> Majelis juga mengeluarkan resolusi yang menyetujui dan menyambut baik niat pemerintah Inggris untuk memberikan kemerdekaan kepada Transyordania.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1946v07/d621|title= The British Embassy to the Department of State Aide-Mémoire dated 10th June, 1946 |access-date=29 October 2018}}</ref><ref name=hall>[https://books.google.com/books?id=FU2PAAAAMAAJ&q=termination+mandated+status+Transjordan ''Mandates, dependencies and trusteeship'']. League of Nations resolution, 18 April 1946 quoted in {{cite book | author = Duncan Hall | page = 267 | title = Mandates, Dependencies and Trusteeship | year = 1948 | quote="The Assembly...Recalls the role of the League in assisting Iraq to progress from its status under an "A" Mandate to a condition of complete independence, welcomes the termination of the mandated status of Syria, the Lebanon, and Transjordan, which have, since the last session of the Assembly, become independent members of the world community."}}</ref>
Baris 20 ⟶ 19:
Bagian dari mandat sehubungan dengan Transyordania secara hukum berakhir pada tanggal 17 Juni 1946 dengan ratifikasi [[Perjanjian London (1946)|Perjanjian London]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://treaties.fco.gov.uk/docs/pdf/1946/TS0032.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=25 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181004033332/http://treaties.fco.gov.uk/docs/pdf/1946/TS0032.pdf |archive-date=4 October 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
 
Pada bulan Juli 1946, sebuah komite yang dibentuk untuk menetapkan bagaimana proposal Anglo-Amerika akan dilaksanakan mengusulkan [[Rencana Morrison – Grady]].
In July 1946, a committee created to establish how the Anglo-American proposals would be implemented proposed the [[Morrison–Grady Plan]].
 
FollowingMenyusul the failure of thekegagalan [[Konferensi London Conference of 1946–1947|1946–1947Konferensi London Conferencetentang onPalestina Palestine1946–1947]], atyang whichmana the[[Amerika UnitedSerikat]] Statesmenolak refuseduntuk tomendukung supportInggris thesehingga Britishberujung leadingpada to both theRencana Morrison–Grady Plan and thedan [[Rencana Bevin Plan]] beingkarena rejectedditolak byoleh allsemua partiespihak, the British decidedInggris tomemutuskan referuntuk themengajukan questionpertanyaan totersebut theke UNPBB onpada 14 FebruaryFebruari 1947.<ref name="Ravndal2010">{{cite journal|last1=Ravndal|first1=Ellen Jenny|title=Exit Britain: British Withdrawal From the Palestine Mandate in the Early Cold War, 1947–1948|journal=Diplomacy & Statecraft|volume=21|issue=3|year=2010|pages=416–433|issn=0959-2296|doi=10.1080/09592296.2010.508409|s2cid=153662650}}</ref>{{efn|group=qt|The reasons for this decision were explained by His Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs in a speech to the House of Commons on 18 February 1947, in which he said:-
"His Majesty's Government have been faced with an irreconcilable conflict of principles. There are in Palestine about 1,200,000 Arabs and 600,000 Jews. For the Jews the essential point of principle is the creation of a sovereign Jewish State. For the Arabs, the essential point of principle is to resist to the last establishment of Jewish sovereignty in any part of Palestine. The discussions of the last month have quite clearly shown that there is no prospect of resolving this conflict by any settlement negotiated between the parties. But if the conflict has to be resolved by an arbitrary decision, that is not a decision which His Majesty's Government are empowered, as Mandatory, to take. His Majesty's Government have of themselves no power, under the terms of the Mandate, to award the country either to the Arabs or to the Jews, or even to partition it between them."}}
 
The [[United NationsKomite SpecialKhusus CommitteePBB onuntuk PalestinePalestina]] (UNSCOP) wasdibentuk createdpada ontanggal 15 MayMei 1947, reporteddilaporkan onpada tanggal 3 September 1947 anddan onpada tanggal 29 November 1947, the [[UnitedRencana NationsPemisahan PartitionPBB Planuntuk for PalestinePalestina]] was passeddisahkan. It recommended that the MandateDirekomendasikan terminateagar asMandat soondiakhiri assesegera possiblemungkin anddan notpaling laterlambat thantanggal 1 AugustAgustus 1948.<ref name="auto">{{wikisource-inline|United Nations General Assembly Resolution 181}}</ref>
 
TwoDua weeksminggu laterkemudian, onpada tanggal 11 DecemberDesember, ColonialSekretaris SecretaryKolonial [[Arthur Creech Jones]] announcedmengumumkan thatbahwa theMandat BritishInggris Mandateakan wouldberakhir terminatepada ontanggal 15 MayMei 1948.<ref>{{cite book|last=Jones|first=Martin|title=Failure in Palestine: British and United States Policy After the Second World War|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DXXqDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA296|date=6 October 2016|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic|isbn=978-1-4742-9127-9}}</ref>{{efn|group=qt|Creech Jones stated to the House of Commons: "Before the conclusion of the discussions, Sir Alexander Cadogan announced on behalf of the Government that the withdrawal of our Forces and administration would be effected by 1 August 1948... It will be appreciated that the mandatory responsibility for government in Palestine cannot be relinquished piecemeal. The whole complex of governmental responsibilities must be relinquished by the Mandatory Government for the whole of Palestine on an appointed day. As I have indicated, once our military withdrawal is properly under way, the forces necessary for exercising this responsibility will no longer be adequately available, and it will not, therefore, be possible to retain full mandatory responsibility after a certain date. The Mandate will, therefore, be terminated some time in advance of the completion of the withdrawal, and the date we have in mind for this, subject to negotiation with the United Nations Commission, is 15 May."<ref>[https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1947/dec/11/palestine Hansard, Palestine]: HC Deb 11 December 1947 vol 445 cc1207-318</ref>}}
 
== UNPBB ==
TheInggris Britishmeminta requestedagar thatpersoalan thePalestina Palestinedimasukkan questionke be placed on thedalam agenda ofSidang theReguler SecondKedua RegularMajelis SessionUmum ofdan theagar GeneralSidang AssemblyKhusus anddiadakan thatuntuk amembentuk SpecialPanitia SessionKhusus beguna convenedmempersiapkan topertimbangan constituteMajelis amengenai Specialmasalah Committee to prepare for Assembly consideration of the subjecttersebut. The First SpecialSidang SessionKhusus ofPertama theMajelis GeneralUmum Assemblydiadakan metantara betweentanggal 28 April anddan 15 MayMei 1947 tountuk considermempertimbangkan thepermintaan British requestInggris. AnUpaya attemptyang bydilakukan theoleh fivelima Arabanggota membersPBB ofyang theberasal UNdari Arab (EgyptMesir, IraqIrak, Lebanon, SaudiArab ArabiaSaudi anddan SyriaSuriah) tountuk addmenambahkan ansatu item toke thedalam agenda addressingyang themembahas "termination of the Mandate over Palestinepenghentian andMandat theatas declarationPalestina ofdan itsdeklarasi independencekemerdekaannya" wastidak unsuccessfulberhasil.<ref name="Bosch1998">{{cite book|author=Miguel Marín Bosch|title=Votes in the UN General Assembly|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tBB7qyQe0rUC&pg=PA46|date=2 March 1998|publisher=Martinus Nijhoff Publishers|isbn=978-90-411-0564-6|pages=46–}}</ref>
 
FollowingSetelah the publication of thelaporan UNSCOP reportdipublikasikan, the [[Komite Ad Hoc Committeeuntuk onMasalah the Palestinian QuestionPalestina]] was formed by adibentuk votemelalui ofpemungutan thesuara Secondpada RegularSidang SessionReguler ofKedua theMajelis GeneralUmum Assemblypada ontanggal 24 September 1947.
 
== PalestinePalestina ==
{{See also|1948Perang Palestinepalestina war1948}}
RegulationsPeraturan governingyang landmengatur transferspengalihan andtanah clausesdan relatingklausul toyang immigrationberkaitan weredengan implementedimigrasi althoughditerapkan bymeskipun pada tahun 1944, 24,.000 ofdari 75,.000 immigrationsertifikat certificatesimigrasi stillmasih remainedtersisa foruntuk usedigunakan. TheBatasan immigrationimigrasi limitsdilonggarkan wereuntuk relaxedmemungkinkan toimigrasi allow immigration at the rate ofsebesar 18,.000 a year as aper reactiontahun tosebagai thereaksi situationterhadap ofsituasi Jewishpengungsi refugeesYahudi indi EuropeEropa.<ref name="un.org">Study (30 JuneJuni 1978): [https://unispal.un.org/DPA/DPR/unispal.nsf/0/AEAC80E740C782E4852561150071FDB0 The Origins and Evolution of the Palestine Problem Part I: 1917-1947 - Study (30 June 1978)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181129203640/https://unispal.un.org/DPA/DPR/unispal.nsf/0/AEAC80E740C782E4852561150071FDB0 |date=29 November 2018 }}, accessdate: 10 November 2018</ref>
 
WithDengan theberakhirnya endperang, ofPemerintahan thePartai war,Buruh theyang new Labour Governmentbaru, leddipimpin byoleh [[Clement Attlee]], withdengan Ernest Bevin assebagai ForeignMenteri Secretary,Luar decidedNegeri, tomemutuskan maintainuntuk themempertahankan Whitekebijakan PaperBuku policyPutih.
 
Segera setelah resolusi PBB, [[perang saudara tahun 1947–1948 di Mandat Palestina]] pecah antara komunitas Arab dan Yahudi. Pada hari terakhir Mandat, [[Deklarasi Kemerdekaan Israel|pembentukan Negara Israel]] diproklamasikan, dan [[Perang Arab-Israel 1948]] dimulai. Pada bulan Maret 1948, Kabinet Inggris telah menyetujui bahwa otoritas sipil dan militer di Palestina tidak boleh melakukan upaya apa pun untuk menentang pendirian Negara Yahudi atau perpindahan ke Palestina dari Transyordania.<ref>CAB/128/12 sebelumnya C.M.(48 ) 24 kesimpulan 22 Maret 1948</ref>
Immediately after the UN resolution, the [[1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine]] broke out between the Arab and Jewish communities. On the last day of the Mandate, the [[Israeli Declaration of Independence|creation of the State of Israel]] was proclaimed, and the [[1948 Arab–Israeli War]] began. In March 1948, the British Cabinet had agreed that the civil and military authorities in Palestine should make no effort to oppose the setting up of a Jewish State or a move into Palestine from Transjordan.<ref>CAB/128/12 formerly C.M.(48) 24 conclusions 22 March 1948</ref>
 
[[Henry Gurney|Sir Henry Gurney]] servedmenjabat assebagai ChiefSekretaris SecretaryUtama indi PalestinePalestina fromdari OctoberOktober 1946 tohingga terminationpemberhentiannya anddan wrotemenulis abuku diaryharian coveringyang themencakup periode periodtersebut.<ref>{{Cite book| last=Gurney| first=Sir Henry|editor = Motti Golani |title=The End of the British Mandate for Palestine, 1948 The Diary of Sir Henry Gurney| publisher= Palgrave Macmillan| date = 2009| isbn = 9780230244733 }}</ref> ASebuah reviewtinjauan byoleh historiansejarawan Rory Miller speaksmenyetujui approvingly ofkeputusan editor Golani's decisionuntuk tomemasukkan includepenjelasan detaileddan scholarlyperspektif annotationsilmiah andyang perspectivesterperinci toke thedalam buku harian diarytersebut.<ref name="Miller2011">{{cite journal|last1=Miller|first1=Rory|title=The End of the British Mandate for Palestine, 1948: The Diary of Sir Henry Gurney|journal=Middle Eastern Studies|volume=47|issue=1|year=2011|pages=211–213|issn=0026-3206|doi=10.1080/00263206.2011.540186|s2cid=147695956}}</ref>
 
== ArabTanggapan responseArab ==
OnPada tanggal 22 MarchMaret 1945, the [[Liga Arab League]] was foundeddidirikan. The [[ArabKomite HigherTinggi CommitteeArab]] (AHCKTA) wasdibentuk kembali reconstitutedpada inbulan November 1945 tountuk representmewakili Palestinianorang-orang Arab ArabsPalestina <ref name = Benny>{{cite book| title = 1948: a history of the first Arab-Israeli war| last = Morris| first = Benny| author-link = Benny Morris| publisher = Yale University Press| year = 2008| isbn = 978-0-300-12696-9| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=J5jtAAAAMAAJ|page =27 }}</ref> anddan metbertemu atpada the beginning ofawal MayMei 1946 tountuk considermempertimbangkan theirtanggapan responsemereka toterhadap thepenerbitan publication of thelaporan Anglo American report.<ref>H. Levenberg, [https://www.jstor.org/stable/4283465 "Bevin's Disillusionment: The London Conference, Autumn 1946"], MiddleStudi EasternTimur StudiesTengah. pP. 617 VolJil. 27, No. 4 (OctoberOktober 1991)</ref> TheNegara-negara Arab statesbereaksi reacteddengan withpertemuan summitpuncak meetings atdi [[Inshas]] atpada theakhir endMei of May anddan [[Bloudan_Conference_of_1946|Bloudan]] inpada bulan JuneJuni.<ref>{{Cite book|last = Rubin|first = Barry|title = The Arab States and the Palestine Conflict|publisher = Syracuse University Press|date = 1981|url = https://archive.org/details/arabstatespalest0000rubi/page/154|page = [https://archive.org/details/arabstatespalest0000rubi/page/154 154]|isbn = 978-0815622536}}</ref>
AfterSetelah thekegagalan failure of theKonferensi London Conferencedan andrujukan UNPBB, referralnegara-negara theArab Arabsterus continuedmendesakkan totuntutan pressmereka theiragar demandArab forPalestina an immediate independent Arabsegera Palestinemerdeka.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Arab Unity of Action and the Palestine Question, 1945-48|journal=Middle Eastern Studies|volume=22|issue=3|date=1986|pages=338–340|jstor=4283126|last1=Mayer|first1=Thomas|doi=10.1080/00263208608700669}}</ref>
 
== JordanYordania ==
[[Abdullah I ofdari JordanYordania|Abdullah]] hadmemiliki connectionshubungan withdengan ZionistsZionis anddan PalestinePalestina overselama many yearsbertahun-tahun, accordingmenurut tocatatan anyang accountdiberikan givenoleh by historiansejarawan Mary Wilson.<ref name="Wilson1990">{{cite book|author=Mary Christina Wilson|title=King Abdullah, Britain and the Making of Jordan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yUGYsBRpqPkC&pg=PP1|date=28 June 1990|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-39987-6|pages=103–128}}</ref> HistoriansSejarawan havemenggambarkan describedpertemuan a meeting betweenantara Abdullah and thedan JewishBadan AgencyYahudi onpada 17 November 1947 duringdi whichmana Abdullah isdiduga allegedtelah tomencapai havekesepahaman reachedsehubungan andengan understanding in regard toniat Abdullah's intentuntuk tomenduduki occupy thewilayah Arab territories of thedalam partitionrencana planpembagian.<ref name="Jevon2017">{{cite book|author=Graham Jevon|title=Glubb Pasha and the Arab Legion: Britain, Jordan and the End of Empire in the Middle East|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=teXFDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA64|date=27 April 2017|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-316-83396-4|pages=64–65}}</ref><ref name="Karsh, Efraim page 51">Karsh, Efraim ''The Arab-Israeli Conflict'', London: Osprey, 2002 p. 51.</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Collusion across the Jordan : King Abdullah, the Zionist movement, and the partition of Palestine|last=Avi.|first=Shlaim|date=1 January 1988|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=9780231068383|oclc=876002691}}</ref>
FollowingSetelah themandatnya end of the mandateberakhir, the Jordanian [[Liga Arab Legion]] Yordania, underdi thebawah leadership ofkepemimpinan Sir John Bagot Glubb, knownyang asdikenal sebagai [[Glubb Pasha]], wasdiperintahkan ordereduntuk tomemasuki enterPalestina Palestinedan andmengamankan securewilayah theArab UNyang designatedditunjuk Arab areaPBB.<ref>SirTuan [[John Bagot Glubb]], ''ASeorang SoldierPrajurit withdengan theOrang ArabsArab'', London 1957, phal. 200</ref>
 
== ZionistTanggapan responseZionis ==
InPada Maybulan Mei 1942, the [[BiltmoreKonferensi ConferenceBiltmore]] indi [[Kota New York|New York City]] withyang dihadiri 600 delegatesdelegasi anddan Zionistpemimpin leadersZionis fromdari 18 countries attendingnegara, demandsmenuntut "thatagar PalestinePalestina bedidirikan establishedsebagai asPersemakmuran a Jewish CommonwealthYahudi" (statenegara), ratherbukan than asebagai "homelandtanah air".<ref>{{cite book|author=Carole S. Kessner|title=Marie Syrkin: Values Beyond the Self|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GyNVn9zIBhMC&pg=PA346|year=2008|publisher=UPNE|isbn=978-1-58465-451-3|pages=346–}}</ref>
 
== AmericanTanggapan responseAmerika ==
AtPada theakhir end of AugustAgustus 1945, U.S.Presiden PresidentAS [[Harry Truman]] issuesmengeluarkan apernyataan statementyang requestingmeminta thepemerintah BritishInggris governmentuntuk to admitmenerima 100,.000 Jewishpengungsi refugeesYahudi indi EuropeEropa intoke PalestinePalestina.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibiblio.org/pha/policy/post-war/451113c.html|title=STATEMENT ON PALESTINE BY PRESIDENT TRUMAN|work = New York Times|date = 13 November 1945}}</ref>
OnPada tanggal 14 MayMei 1948, theAmerika UnitedSerikat Statessecara de facto recognizedmengakui thepemerintahan provisionalsementara JewishYahudi governmentyang contemporaneouslydideklarasikan declaredsecara bersamaan (pengakuan de jure recognitionpada ontanggal 31 JanuaryJanuari 1949).
 
== LegalMasalah issueshukum anddan reasonsalasan to terminatepenghentian==
LawProfesor professorhukum [[Shabtai Rosenne]] saysmengatakan thatbahwa theretidak isada nojawaban clearyang answerjelas asmengapa toInggris whymengambil thelangkah Britishini tookdan thismenyebutkan stepsalah andperhitungan listsserta miscalculationkelelahan aspolitik welldan as political and military fatigue among othersmiliter.<ref name="Rosenne1993">{{cite book|author=Shabtai Rosenne|title=An International Law Miscellany|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p1WdZRt8zNcC&pg=PA637|date=1 January 1993|publisher=Martinus Nijhoff Publishers|isbn=978-0-7923-1742-5|pages=636}}</ref>
Ravndal mengutip karya-karya dari tahun 1980-an yang menyatakan bahwa Inggris dimotivasi oleh "kebutuhan ekonomi dan kelelahan" namun kemudian menyatakan bahwa Inggris dimotivasi oleh keinginan Perang Dingin untuk mengamankan kepentingan Inggris di Timur Tengah.<ref name = "Ravndal2010" />
Ravndal cites works from the 1980s establishing that the British were motivated by "economic necessity and plain exhaustion" but then goes on to posit that the British were motivated by a Cold War desire to secure Britain's interests in the rest of the Middle East.<ref name = "Ravndal2010" />
ARangkuman summaryberbagai ofpandangan differentdiberikan views is given byoleh Benny Morris.{{r|Benny|p=38}}
 
MandatesMandat weredimaksudkan intendeduntuk toberakhir enddengan withkemerdekaan thewilayah independence of the Mandated territoryMandat. ThePemerintah BritishInggris governmenttelah hadmengambil takenposisi thebahwa positiontidak thatada thereundang-undang wasyang nothingmencegah inpenghentian lawkarena totidak preventadanya termination due to frustration of purposetujuan.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Termination of the British Mandate for Palestine|journal=The International Law Quarterly|volume=2|issue=1|pages=57–60|date=1948|jstor=763114}}</ref> InDalam theperistiwa eventtersebut, thelaporan UNSCOP reportmerekomendasikan recommendedagar bothMandat thattersebut thediakhiri Mandatedan be terminated and independence granted at thekemerdekaan earliestdiberikan practicablesedini datesmungkin withdengan amasa transitiontransisi perioddi betweenantara theseperistiwa-peristiwa eventstersebut.<ref name="auto"/>
 
== NotesCatatan ==
{{notelist}}
 
== ReferencesReferensi ==
{{reflist}}
 
{{Inggris-stub}}{{Palestina-stub}}
[[Category:1948 in Mandatory Palestine|End]]
[[Kategori:1948 di Mandat Palestina|Akhir]]
[[Category:League of Nations mandates|Palestine]]
[[Kategori:Mandat Liga Bangsa-Bangsa|Palestina]]
[[Category:British Empire]]
[[Kategori: Kerajaan Inggris]]
[[Category:Former countries in the Middle East]]
[[Kategori:Negara-negara bekas di Timur Tengah]]
[[Category:1948 in Israel|British Mandate for Palestine]]
[[Kategori:1948 di Israel|Mandat Inggris untuk Palestina]]
[[Category:History of Palestine (region)|British Mandate for Palestine]]
[[Kategori:Sejarah Palestina (wilayah)|Mandat Inggris untuk Palestina]]
[[Category:1940s in the British Empire]]
[[Kategori: 1940-an di Kerajaan Inggris]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1920]]
[[Kategori:Negara bagian dan teritori yang didirikan pada tahun 1920]]
[[Category:States and territories disestablished in 1948]]
[[Kategori:Negara bagian dan teritori yang dibubarkan pada tahun 1948]]
[[Category:1920 establishments in the British Empire]]
[[Kategori: Pendirian tahun 1920 di Kerajaan Inggris]]
[[Category:1948 disestablishments in the British Empire]]
[[Kategori: pembubaran Kerajaan Inggris pada tahun 1948]]
[[Category:Mandatory Palestine in World War II]]
[[Kategori:Mandat Palestina dalam Perang Dunia II]]
Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Akhir_Mandat_Britania_untuk_Palestina"