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{{Speciesbox
{{taxobox
|genus=Vicia
|name = ''Lens culinaris''
|species=lens
|name = Miju-miju
|image = 3 types of lentil.jpg
|image_caption = Kacang-kacang kecillentil
|authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]) Coss. & Germ. (1845)
|regnum = [[Plantae]]
|subdivision_ranks = Subspesies<ref name=powo>{{cite web |title=''Vicia lens'' (L.) Coss. & Germ.. |work=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew|url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:524872-1 |access-date=3 September 2023}}</ref>
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiospermae]]
|subdivision = *''Vicia lens'' subsp. ''lamottei'' {{small|(Czefr.) H.Schaef., Coulot & Rabaute}}
|unranked_classis = [[Eudikotil]]
*''Vicia lens'' subsp. ''lens''
|unranked_ordo = [[Rosidae]]
| synonyms =
|ordo = [[Fabales]]
{{Species list
|familia = [[Fabaceae]]
|Cicer lens|(L.) Willd. (1802)
|subfamilia = [[Faboideae]]
|Ervum lens|L. (1753)
|tribus = [[Vicieae]]
|Lathyrus lens|(L.) Bernh. (1800)
|genus = ''[[Lens (genus)|Lens]]''
|species = |'''''L.Lens culinaris'''''|Medik. (1787)
|Lens esculenta|Moench (1794), nom. superfl.
|binomial = ''Lens culinaris''
|Lens lens|(L.) Huth (1893), not validly publ.
|binomial_authority = Medikus
|Lentilla lens|(L.) W.Wight (1912)
|Orobus lens|(L.) Stokes (1812)
}}
| synonyms_ref = <ref name=powo/>
}}
 
'''''LensVicia culinarislens''''', '''miju''', '''miju-miju''', atau '''Kacang Lentil''' ({{lang-en|lentil}}; , "kacang merah kecil", "kacang lentil") merupakan sejenis tumbuhan penghasil [[kacang]]. [[Tumbuhan menahun|Tumbuhan tahunan]] ini berbentuk semak dari [[familia]] [[legume]] yang dikenal karena biji-bijnya bentuk [[:en:lens (geometry)|lensa]]. Tinggi tumbuhan sekitar {{convert|40|cm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}}. Bijinya tumbuh dalam [[:en:Legume|podpolong]], biasanya masing-masing berisi 2 biji kacang.
[[FileBerkas:Llenties maig.JPG|thumbjmpl|Tumbuhan "lentil" di ladang sebelum berbunga]]
 
Kacang lentilmiju-miju telah menjadi bagian makanan manusia sejak zaman purba (masa sebelum pembuatan tembikar atau "aceramic Neolithic"), sebagai salah satu [[:en:Neolithic founder crops|jenis tumbuhan pertama yang dibiakkan]] di [[Timur Dekat]]. Bukti arkeologi menunjukkan bahwa jenis kacang ini telah menjadi bahan makanan 9.500 sampai 13.000 tahun silam.<ref name="zeldes">{{Cite web | author= Leah A. Zeldes | title=Eat this! Lentils, a prehistoric foodstuff | work=Dining Chicago | publisher=Chicago's Restaurant & Entertainment Guide | date=16 February 2011 | url=http://www.diningchicago.com/blog/2011/02/16/eat-this-lentils-a-prehistoric-foodstuff/ | accessdate=4 August 2011 | archive-date=2015-05-24 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150524035007/http://www.diningchicago.com/blog/2011/02/16/eat-this-lentils-a-prehistoric-foodstuff/ | dead-url=yes }}</ref>
 
Warna kacang lentilmiju-miju bervariasi dari kuning, jingga-kemerahan, hijau, coklat dan hitam.<ref name="zeldes" /> LentilMiju-miju juga bervariasi dalam ukuran dan dijual dalam berbagai bentuk, baik dengan atau tanpa kulitnya, baik utuh atau terbelah.
 
== Jenis ==
[[FileBerkas:Illustration Lens culinaris0.jpg|thumbjmpl|Ilustrasi tumbuhan kacang lentil, 1885]]
[[FileBerkas:Lentils red and brown.jpg|thumbjmpl|Perbandingan merah dan coklat]]
 
* Brown/Spanish pardina.
Baris 45 ⟶ 51:
 
Dried lentils can also be [[Sprouting|sprouted]] by soaking in water for one day and keeping moist for several days, which changes their nutrition profile.
 
Lentils with husk remain whole with moderate cooking; lentils without husk tend to disintegrate into a thick purée, which leads to quite different dishes.<ref>{{cite web | title=Red lentil recipes | url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/food/red_lentil | publisher=BBC | date=2011 | accessdate=4 August 2011}}</ref>▼
-->
▲LentilsKacang withlentil dengan ''husk'' remainakan wholetetap withutuh moderatebila cooking;dimasak lentilsdalam withoutsuhu husksedang, tendsedangkan toyang disintegratetanpa into''husk'' acenderung thickhancur purée,menjadi whichsemacam leadsbubur kental, toyang quitedijadikan differentberbagai dishesmasakan.<ref>{{cite web | title=Red lentil recipes | url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/food/red_lentil | publisher=BBC | date=2011 | accessdate=4 August 2011}}</ref>
== Nilai gizi dan manfaat kesehatan==▼
 
▲== Nilai gizi dan manfaat kesehatan ==
{{nutritionalvalue
| name = Lentil, mentah (berat kering)
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| note=[http://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/search/list?qlookup=16069&format=Full Link to USDA Database entry]
}}
<!--▼
With about 30% of their calories from protein, lentils have the third-highest level of [[Protein (nutrient)|protein]], by weight, of any legume or nut, after [[soybean]]s and [[hemp]].<ref>Callaway JC (2004). Hempseed as a nutritional resource: an overview. Euphytica 140:65–72.</ref> Proteins include the [[essential amino acid]]s [[isoleucine]] and [[lysine]], and lentils are an inexpensive source of essential protein in many parts of the world, especially in [[West Asia]] and the [[Indian subcontinent]], which have large [[vegetarianism|vegetarian]] populations.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.glisonline.com/aminoacids.php|title=Essential Amino Acids|publisher=|accessdate=19 September 2014}}</ref> Lentils are deficient in two essential amino acids, [[methionine]] and [[cysteine]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.ag.ndsu.edu/pubs/alt-ag/lentil.htm |title= Lentil |author= Randy Sell |publisher= [[North Dakota State University]] Department of Agricultural Economics |accessdate= 14 December 2011 |archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20090621014402/http://www.ag.ndsu.edu/pubs/alt-ag/lentil.htm |archivedate= 21 June 2009 }}</ref>▼
 
▲With aboutSekitar 30% ofsumber theirkalori calorieskacang fromini berasal dari protein, lentilssehingga haveberada thedi third-highestperingkat levelketiga ofdalam [[Proteinkadar (nutrient)|protein]], bymenurut weight,beratnya ofdari anysemua legumejenis or nutkacang-kacangan, afteryaitu setelah [[soybeankedelai]]s anddan [[:en:hemp|hemp]].<ref>Callaway JC (2004). Hempseed as a nutritional resource: an overview. Euphytica 140:65–72.</ref> ProteinsProtein yang includeterkandung themeliputi [[essentialasam amino acidesensiel]]s [[isoleucine]] anddan [[lysinelisin]],. andKacang lentilslentil aremerupakan ansumber inexpensiveprotein sourceesensiel ofyang essentialmurah proteinpada inbanyak manybagian partstempat ofdi the worldbumi, especially inkhususnya [[West Asia BaratW]] and thedan [[:en:Indian subcontinent|subkontinen India]], whichyang havedihuni largeoleh populasi luas [[:en:vegetarianism|vegetarian]] populations.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.glisonline.com/aminoacids.php|title=Essential Amino Acids|publisher=|accessdate=19 September 2014}}</ref> Kacang Lentilslentil aretidak deficientmengandung indua two essential[[asam amino]] acidsesensiel, yaitu [[methionine]] anddan [[cysteine]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.ag.ndsu.edu/pubs/alt-ag/lentil.htm |title= Lentil |author= Randy Sell |publisher= [[North Dakota State University]] Department of Agricultural Economics |accessdate= 14 December 2011 |archiveurl= httphttps://web.archive.org/web/20090621014402/http://www.ag.ndsu.edu/pubs/alt-ag/lentil.htm |archivedate= 2009-06-21 June|dead-url= 2009no }}</ref>
▲<!--
Lentils also contain [[dietary fiber]], [[folate]], [[vitamin B1|vitamin B<sub>1</sub>]], and minerals. Red (or pink) lentils contain a lower concentration of fiber than green lentils (11% rather than 31%).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/search/|title=USDA nutrient database|publisher=|accessdate=19 September 2014}}</ref> ''Health'' magazine has selected lentils as one of the five healthiest foods.<ref name="Raymond 2006">{{Cite web|url=http://www.health.com/health/article/0,,20410301,00.html |title=World's Healthiest Foods: Lentils (India) |first=Joan |last=Raymond |date=March 2006 |work=Health Magazine}}</ref>
 
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Lentils also have some anti-nutritional factors, such as [[trypsin inhibitor]]s and relatively high [[phytate]] content. Trypsin is an enzyme involved in digestion, and phytates reduce the bio-availability of dietary minerals.<ref>[http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jf00046a039 "Effect of processing on some anti-nutritional factors of lentils"], ''J. Agric. Food Chem.''</ref> The phytates can be reduced by soaking the lentils in warm water overnight.{{citation needed|date=January 2015}}
-->
LentilsLentil aremerupakan a good source ofsumber [[:en:Human iron metabolism|ironzat besi]] yang baik, havingmampu overmemberikan halflebih ofdari akebutuhan person'sharian daily ironseorang allowancedewasa inhanya adalam onetakaran cupsatu servingcangkir.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vrg.org/nutrition/iron.htm|title="Iron: food sources"|publisher=|accessdate=19 September 2014}}</ref>▼
 
== Produksi ==
▲Lentils are a good source of [[Human iron metabolism|iron]], having over half of a person's daily iron allowance in a one cup serving.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vrg.org/nutrition/iron.htm|title="Iron: food sources"|publisher=|accessdate=19 September 2014}}</ref>
[[ImageBerkas:Lentiloutput.png|thumbjmpl|WorldwideProduksi kacang lentil productiondi dunia]]▼
 
==Production==
▲[[Image:Lentiloutput.png|thumb|Worldwide lentil production]]
 
Lentils are relatively tolerant to drought, and are grown throughout the world. The [[FAO]] reported that the world production of lentils for calendar year 2009 was 3.917 million metric tons, primarily coming from Canada, India, Turkey and Australia.
 
Kacang lentil cukup toleran terhadap [[kekeringan]], dan dibiakkan di seluruh dunia. [[FAO]] melaporkan produksi kacang lentil dunia pada tahun 2009 mencapai 3,917 juta ton, terutama dari [[Kanada]], [[India]], [[Turki]] dan [[Australia]].
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About a quarter of the worldwide production of lentils is from [[India]], most of which is consumed in the domestic market. [[Canada]] is the largest export producer of lentils in the world, and [[Saskatchewan]] is the most important producing region in Canada (growing 99% of Canadian lentils).<ref name="pulsecanada">{{cite web|url=http://www.pulsecanada.com/about-us/what-is-a-pulse/lentil|title=Lentil (Lens culinaris)|publisher=Pulse Canada|accessdate=24 January 2015}}</ref> [[Statistics Canada]] estimates that Canadian lentil production for the 2009/10 year was a record 1.5 million metric tons.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.agr.gc.ca/pol/mad-dam/index_e.php?s1=pubs&s2=spec&PHPSESSID=1d7c05ebd65aa90dd7ff96aba3cc7f64|title=Crops Market Information - Canadian Industry|publisher=|accessdate=19 September 2014}}</ref> The most commonly grown type is the Laird lentil.<ref name="pulsecanada"/>
 
The [[Palouse]] region of eastern [[Washington (state)|Washington]] and the [[Idaho]] panhandle, with its commercial center at [[Pullman, Washington]], constitute the most important lentil-producing region in the United States.<ref>{{Cite document| title=Crop Profile for Lentils in Idaho |publisher=Department of Plant, Soil and Entomological Science, University of Idaho (web site) |year=2000| postscript=<!--None-->}}<nowiki></ref></nowiki> [[Montana]] and [[North Dakota]] are also significant lentil growers.<ref name="zeldes" /> The [[National Agricultural Statistics Service]] reported United States 2007 production at 154.5 thousand metric tons.
-->
 
{| class="sortable wikitable" style="float:left;
|+ Top 10 Lentilnegara Producingpenghasil Countrieskacang lentil terbesar<br />(in metricdalam tonston)
!Peringkat
!Rank
!Negara
!Country
!2010
!2011
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|-
|colspan=5 | <center> ''Source: [[FAO|UN Food & Agriculture Organization]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://faostat.fao.org/site/339/default.aspx|publisher= [[FAO|UN Food & Agriculture Organization]]|title=Production of Lentils by countries|year=2012|accessdate=21 February 2014}}</ref>
|}<ref>International Feed Number, 5-02-506{{Cn|date=May</ref> 2014}}0▼
|}
<!--
 
▲International Feed Number, 5-02-506{{Cn|date=May 2014}}
 
==Diseases==
{{Main|List of lentil diseases}}
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The lens ([[Convex lens#Types of simple lenses|double-convex]] shaped) is called as such because the lentil is similar in shape to an optical lens. ''Lens'' is the Latin name for lentil.
 
Lentils are mentioned many times in the [[Hebrew BibleAlkitab]], the first time recounting the incident in which [[Jacob]] purchases the birthright from [[Esau]] with stewed lentils (a "[[mess of pottage]]").<ref>{{bible|Genesis 25:34}}, http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0125.htm</ref> In [[Bereavement in Judaism|Jewish mourning]] tradition, lentils are traditional as food for mourners, together with boiled [[Egg (food)|eggs]], because their round shape symbolizes the life cycle from birth to death.
 
Lentils were a chief part of the diet of ancient Iranians, who consumed lentils daily in the form of a stew poured over rice.
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In [[Shia Islam|Shia]] narrations, lentils are said to be blessed by seventy Prophets, including Jesus and Mohammed.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jesus through Shiite Narrations |chapter= Preaching of Jesus No. 63 |url= http://www.al-islam.org/jesus_shiite_narrations/21.htm |publisher=Al-islam.org}}</ref>
-->
== Lihat pula ==
{{portal|Makanan}}
* ''[[Dal_(makanan)|Dal]]''
<!--* [[Lentil soup]]
* [[Moujadara]]
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* [[Pigeon pea]], sometimes mistakenly called "yellow lentils"-->
 
== Referensi ==
{{Reflist|2}}
 
== Pustaka tambahan ==
* [[:en:Alan Davidson (food writer)|Alan Davidson]], ''The Oxford Companion to Food''. ISBN 0-19-211579-0
* S S Yadav et al. ''Lentil: An Ancient Crop for Modern Times''. (2007). Springer Verlag. ISBN 9781402063121978-1-4020-6312-1.
 
== Pranala luar ==
{{Commons|Lens culinaris}}
{{unimelb|Lens.html}}
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* [http://www.indexmundi.com/en/commodities/agricultural/lentils/ Lentils – Country Production, Consumption, Exports, and Imports Statistics]
* [http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/afcm/lentil.html Alternative Field Crops Manual: Lentil]
{{Taxonbar|from=Q131226}}
{{Reflist}}
 
[[Kategori:FabeaeVicia]]
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[[Kategori:Tumbuhan di Al-Qur'an]]
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