Perang Korea: Perbedaan antara revisi

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(27 revisi perantara oleh 15 pengguna tidak ditampilkan)
Baris 1:
{{Infobox Military Conflict
|conflict= Perang Korea
|partof= [[Perang Dingin]] dan [[Konflik Korea]]
|image= [[Berkas:Lopez scaling seawall.jpg|250px]]
|caption= Marinir Amerika Serikat menyerbu pantai di [[Incheon]].
|date= 25 Juni 1950 – 27 Juli 1953. Berakhirnya konflik fisik dan penandatanganan gencatan senjata. Secara de jure, Korea Utara dan Korea Selatan masih berperang.<br />{{small|({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=6|day1=25|year1=1950|month2=7|day2=27|year2=1953}})}}
|date= [[25 Juni]] [[1950]] sampai gencatan senjata [[27 Juli]] [[1953]]. Karena belum ada perjanjian perdamaian, secara teknis konflik ini masih berlanjut sampai sekarang.
|place= [[Semenanjung Korea]], [[Laut Kuning]], [[Laut Jepang]], [[Selat Korea]], [[Perbatasan Tiongkok–Korea Utara]]
|casus=Invasi [[Korea Utara]] ke [[Korea Selatan]]
| territory = [[Zona Demiliterisasi Korea]] didirikan
* Korea Utara memperoleh kota [[Kaesong]], namun kehilangan total wilayah seluas {{Convert|1506|sqmi|km2|abbr=on|order=flip}}, termasuk kota [[Sokcho]], ke Korea Selatan<ref>{{Cite book |last=Birtle |first=Andrew J. |url=https://history.army.mil/brochures/kw-stale/stale.htm |title=The Korean War: Years of Stalemate |date=2000 |publisher=U.S. Army Center of Military History |page=34 |access-date=21 August 2021 |archive-date=24 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190724211722/https://history.army.mil/brochures/kw-stale/stale.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|result=[[Gencatan senjata]]; dibuatnya [[Zona Demiliterisasi Korea]]
|result=Tidak meyakinkan
|combatant1='''{{flag|PBB}}''':{{br}}
|combatant1={{Flagcountry|Republik Korea Pertama|1949|size=23px}}
{{flag|Korea Selatan}}{{br}}{{flag|Australia}}{{br}}{{flag|Belgia}}{{br}}{{flag|Kanada|1921}}{{br}}{{flag|Kolombia}}{{br}}{{flag|Etiopia|1897}}{{br}}{{flag|Prancis}}{{br}}{{flag|Yunani|old}}{{br}}{{flag|Belanda}}{{br}}{{flag|Selandia Baru}}{{br}}{{flag|Filipina}}{{br}}{{flag|Afrika Selatan|1928}}{{br}}{{flag|Thailand}} ([[Thailand dalam Perang Korea|detail]]){{br}}{{flag|Turki}}{{br}}{{flag|Britania Raya}}{{br}}{{flag|Amerika Serikat|1912}}{{br}}dukungan lain:
| combatant1a = {{Plainlist |
*{{flag|Israel}}
* {{Flagdeco|PBB|size=23px}} [[Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa]]
*{{flag|Norwegia}}
* {{Flag|Amerika Serikat|1912|size=23px}}
*{{flag|Italia}}
* {{flagFlag|DenmarkBritania Raya}}
* {{Flag|Kanada|1921|size=23px}}
*{{flag|Jerman Barat}}
* {{flagFlag|SwediaTurki|size=23px}}
* {{Flag|Australia|size=23px}}
 
* {{Flagcountry|Filipina|1936|size=23px}}
|combatant2= '''[[Negara komunis]]''':{{br}}
* {{Flag|Selandia Baru|size=23px}}
{{flag|Korea Utara}}{{br}}{{flagcountry|tiongkok}}{{br}}{{flag|Uni Soviet}} {{br}}dukungan lain :
* {{Flagdeco|Thailand|1917|size=23px}} [[Thailand]]
*{{flag|Mongolia}}
* {{Flagcountry|Kekaisaran Etiopia|size=23px}}
*{{flag|Albania}}
* {{Flagcountry|Kerajaan Yunani|state|size=23px}}
*{{flag|Jerman Timur}}
* {{Flag|Republik Prancis Keempat|name=Prancis|size=23px}}
*{{flag|Polandia}}
* {{Flag|Kolombia|size=23px}}
*{{flagdeco|Republik Sosialis Rumania}} [[Rumania]]
* {{Flag|Belgia|size=23px}}
*{{flagdeco|Republik Rakyat Hungaria}} [[Hungaria]]
* {{Flagcountry|Uni Afrika Selatan|size=23px}}
*{{flagdeco|Republik Rakyat Bulgaria}} [[Bulgaria]]
* {{flagFlag|CekoslowakiaBelanda|size=23px}}
* {{Flag|Luksemburg|size=23px}}
|commander1={{flagicon|Korea Selatan}} [[Syngman Rhee]]{{br}}{{flagicon|Korea Selatan}} [[Chung Il-kwon]]{{br}}{{flagicon|Amerika Serikat|1912}} [[Douglas MacArthur]]{{br}}{{flagicon|Amerika Serikat|1912}} [[Mark Wayne Clark|Mark W. Clark]]{{br}}{{flagicon|Amerika Serikat|1912}} [[Matthew Ridgway]]
}}
|commander2={{flagicon|Uni Soviet}} [[Josef Stalin]]{{br}}{{flagicon|Korea Utara}} [[Kim Il-sung]]{{br}}{{flagicon|Korea Utara}} [[Choe Yong-gon]]{{br}}{{flagicon|Korea Utara}} [[Pak Hon-yong]]{{br}}{{flagicon|Korea Utara}} [[Kim Chaek]]{{br}}{{flagicon|Tiongkok}} [[Mao Zedong]]{{br}}{{flagicon|Tiongkok}} [[Peng Dehuai]]
{{Collapsible list
|title= Dukungan medis:<ref name="medical">{{Cite news |last=임 |first=성호 |date=2020-06-19 |title=[6.25전쟁 70년] 이역만리 한국서 수백만명 살리고 의술 전파까지 |work=[[Yeonhap News]] |url=https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20200618138900004?input=1195m |access-date=2021-04-04 |archive-date=12 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412053612/https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20200618138900004?input=1195m |url-status=live }}</ref>
| {{Flag|Swedia|size=23px}}
| {{Flag|India|size=23px}}
| {{Flag|Denmark|size=23px}}
| {{Flag|Norwegia|size=23px}}
| {{Flag|Italia|1946}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-08-26 |title=6.25전쟁 당시 대한민국에 도움의 손길 내밀었던 이탈리아 |work=[[Newsis]] |url=https://n.news.naver.com/mnews/article/003/0007432874?sid=102 |url-status=dead |access-date=12 April 2021 |archive-date=7 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230707162021/https://n.news.naver.com/mnews/article/003/0007432874?sid=102 }}</ref>
| {{Flag|Jerman Barat|size=23px}}<ref name="Germany">{{Cite news |date=2018-06-22 |title=독일, 62년만에 6.25 전쟁 의료지원국에 포함…총 6개국으로 늘어 |work=헤럴드경제 |url=http://news.heraldcorp.com/view.php?ud=20180622000293 |access-date=2021-04-04 |archive-date=4 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211004081516/http://news.heraldcorp.com/view.php?ud=20180622000293 |url-status=live }}</ref>
}}
{{Collapsible list
| title = Dukungan lainnya:
| {{Flag|Israel|size=23px}}<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Young |first=Sam Ma |date=2010 |title=Israel's Role in the UN during the Korean War |url=http://www.israelcfr.com/documents/4-3/4-3-6-YoungSamMa.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs |volume=4 |issue=3 |pages=81–89 |doi=10.1080/23739770.2010.11446616 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150824212403/http://www.israelcfr.com/documents/4-3/4-3-6-YoungSamMa.pdf |archive-date=24 August 2015 |s2cid=219293462 |issn = 2373-9789 }}</ref>
| {{Flag|Taiwan}}
| {{Flag|Jepang|1947}}<ref name="auto">{{Cite journal |last=Morris-Suzuki |first=Tessa |author-link=Tessa Morris-Suzuki |date=29 July 2012 |title=Post-War Warriors: Japanese Combatants in the Korean War |url=https://apjjf.org/2012/10/31/Tessa-Morris-Suzuki/3803/article.html |journal=The Asia-Pacific Journal: Japan Focus |volume=10 |issue=31 |access-date=24 February 2018 |archive-date=18 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200518035219/https://apjjf.org/2012/10/31/Tessa-Morris-Suzuki/3803/article.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
| {{Flagdeco|Pakistan|size=23px}} [[Dominion Pakistan|Pakistan]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Whan-woo |first=Yi |date=16 September 2019 |title=Pakistan's Defense Day rekindles Korean War relief aid |url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2019/09/176_275587.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127113137/https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2019/09/176_275587.html |archive-date=27 November 2020 |access-date=2 May 2020 |website=[[The Korea Times]]}}</ref>
| {{Flag|Uruguay|size=23px}}<ref name="Uruguay">{{Cite news |date=2022-02-10 |title=Uruguay's little-known but important role in the Korean War |work=[[Korea.net]] |url=https://www.korea.net/NewsFocus/HonoraryReporters/view?articleId=210531#:~:text=Through%20the%20U.N.%2C%20Uruguay%20donated,and%20after%20the%20Korean%20War |access-date=2022-09-04 |archive-date=9 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409144830/https://www.korea.net/NewsFocus/HonoraryReporters/view?articleId=210531#:~:text=Through%20the%20U.N.%2C%20Uruguay%20donated,and%20after%20the%20Korean%20War |url-status=live }}</ref>
| {{Flagcountry|Spanyol di bawah Francisco Franco|size=23px}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Edles |first=Laura Desfor |url=https://archive.org/details/symbolritualnews00edle |title=Symbol and Ritual in the New Spain: the transition to democracy after Franco |date=1998 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0521628853 |location=Cambridge, UK |page=[https://archive.org/details/symbolritualnews00edle/page/n45 32] |url-access=limited}}</ref>
}}
| combatant2 = {{Flagdeco|Korea Utara|1948|size=23px}} [[Korea Utara]]
| combatant2a = {{Plainlist |
* {{Flag|Tiongkok|size=23px}}
* {{Flag|Uni Soviet|1936|size=23px}}
}}
{{Collapsible list
| title = Didukung oleh:
| [[File:Flag of Albania 1946.svg|23px]] [[Republik Rakyat Sosialis Albania|Albania]]
| {{Flagcountry|Republik Rakyat Bulgaria|1948|size=23px}}
| {{Nowrap|{{Flagcountry|Republik Sosialis Cekoslowakia|size=23px}}}}
| {{Flagcountry|Jerman Timur|1949|size=23px}}<ref name="528KWA">{{Cite book |last=Edwards |first=Paul M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5gYCm0bM68sC&pg=PA528 |title=Korean War Almanac |date=2006 |publisher=Infobase Publishing |isbn=978-0816074679 |series=Almanacs of American wars |location=New York |page=528 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704225317/https://books.google.com/books?id=5gYCm0bM68sC&pg=PA528 |archive-date=4 July 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>
| {{Flagcountry|Republik Rakyat Hungaria|1949}}<ref name="528KWA"/><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kocsis |first=Piroska |date=2005 |title=Magyar orvosok Koreában (1950–1957) |trans-title=Hungarian physicians in Korea (1950–1957) |url=http://www.archivnet.hu/politika/magyar_orvosok_koreaban_19501957.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510103932/http://www.archivnet.hu/politika/magyar_orvosok_koreaban_19501957.html |archive-date=10 May 2017 |access-date=22 November 2016 |website=ArchivNet: XX. századi történeti források |publisher=Magyar Országos Levéltár |location=Budapest |language=hu}}</ref>
| {{Flagcountry|Republik Rakyat Mongolia}}
| {{Flagcountry|Republik Rakyat Polandia|size=23px}}
| {{Flagcountry|Republik Sosialis Rumania|1948|size=23px}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 2011 |title=Romania's "Fraternal Support" to North Korea during the Korean War, 1950–1953 |url=http://www.wilsoncenter.org/event/romania%E2%80%99s-%E2%80%9Cfraternal-support%E2%80%9D-to-north-korea-during-the-korean-war-1950-1953 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130221013614/http://wilsoncenter.org/event/romania%E2%80%99s-%E2%80%9Cfraternal-support%E2%80%9D-to-north-korea-during-the-korean-war-1950-1953 |archive-date=21 February 2013 |access-date=24 January 2013 |publisher=Wilson Centre}}</ref>
}}
| commander1 = {{Plainlist |
* {{Flagicon|Republik Korea Pertama|1949|size=23px}} [[Syngman Rhee]]
* {{Flagicon|Republik Korea Pertama|1949|size=23px}} [[Chung Il-kwon]]
* {{Flagicon|Republik Korea Pertama|1949|size=23px}} [[Paik Sun-yup]]
* {{Flagicon|Republik Korea Pertama|1949|size=23px}} [[Lee Hyung-geun]]
* {{Flagicon|Republik Korea Pertama|1949|size=23px}} [[Shin Sung-mo]]
* {{Flagicon|Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa|size=23px}} [[Trygve Lie]]
* {{Flagicon|Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa|size=23px}} [[Dag Hammarskjöld]]
* {{Flagicon|Amerika Serikat|1912|size=23px}} [[Harry S. Truman]]
* {{Nowrap|{{Flagicon|Amerika Serikat|1912|size=23px}} [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]]}}
* {{Flagicon|Amerika Serikat|1912|size=23px}} [[George Marshall]]
* {{Flagicon|Amerika Serikat|1912|size=23px}} [[Douglas MacArthur]]
* {{Flagicon|Amerika Serikat|1912|size=23px}} [[Matthew Ridgway]]
* {{Flagicon|Amerika Serikat|1912|size=23px}} [[Mark W. Clark]]
* {{Flagicon|Amerika Serikat|1912|size=23px}} [[Walton Walker]]
* {{Flagicon|Amerika Serikat|1912|size=23px}} [[James Van Fleet]]
* {{Flagicon|Amerika Serikat|1912|size=23px}} [[George Stratemeyer]]
* {{Flagicon|Amerika Serikat|1912|size=23px}} [[C. Turner Joy]]
* {{Flagicon|Britania Raya|size=23px}} [[Clement Attlee]]
* {{Flagicon|Britania Raya|size=23px}} [[Winston Churchill]]
}}
| commander2 = {{Plainlist |
* {{Flagicon|Korea Utara|1948|size=23px}} [[Kim Il Sung]]
* {{Flagicon|Korea Utara|1948|size=23px}} [[Kim Tu-bong]]
* {{Flagicon|Korea Utara|1948|size=23px}} [[Pak Hon-yong]]
* {{Flagicon|Korea Utara|1948|size=23px}} [[Choe Yong-gon (official)|Choe Yong-gon]]
* {{Flagicon|Korea Utara|1948|size=23px}} [[Kim Chaek]]{{KIA}}
* {{Flagicon|Tiongkok|size=23px}} [[Mao Zedong]]
* {{Flagicon|Tiongkok|size=23px}} [[Zhou Enlai]]
* {{Flagicon|Tiongkok|size=23px}} [[Peng Dehuai]]
* {{Flagicon|Tiongkok|size=23px}} [[Chen Geng]]
* {{Flagicon|Tiongkok|size=23px}} [[Deng Hua]]
* {{Flagicon|Tiongkok|size=23px}} [[Hong Xuezhi]]
* {{Flagicon|Tiongkok|size=23px}} [[Song Shilun]]
* {{Flagicon|Tiongkok|size=23px}} [[Han Xianchu]]
* {{Flagicon|Tiongkok|size=23px}} [[Liu Yalou]]
* {{Flagicon|Uni Soviet|1936|size=23px}} [[Joseph Stalin]]
* {{Flagicon|Uni Soviet|1936|size=23px}} [[Pavel Zhigarev]]
}}
|strength1=
{{Collapsible list
[[Korea Selatan]]: 590.911{{br}}
|title= '''Kekuatan puncak<br />(pasukan tempur):'''
[[Amerika Serikat]]: 480.000{{br}}
|{{Flagicon|Republik Korea Pertama|1948|size=23px}} 602,902<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9JFvmnDiH-gC&pg=PA692 |title=The Korean War, Volume 3 |publisher=U of Nebraska Press |others=Korea Institute of Military History |date=2001 |isbn=978-0803277960 |editor-last=Millett |editor-first=Allan Reed |page=692 |quote=Total Strength 602,902 troops |access-date=16 February 2013}}</ref>
[[Britania Raya]]: 63.000<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/august/29/newsid_3053000/3053107.stm On This Day 29 August 1950] from ''The BBC''</ref>{{br}}
| {{Flagicon|Amerika Serikat|1912|size=23px}} 326,863<ref>{{Multiref2
[[Kanada]]: 26.791<ref>[http://www.vac-acc.gc.ca/general/sub.cfm?source=history/koreawar The Korean War] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070505080638/http://www.vac-acc.gc.ca/general/sub.cfm?source=history%2FKoreaWar |date=2007-05-05 }} at ''Veterans Affairs Canada''</ref>{{br}}
|1={{Cite web |last=Kane |first=Tim |author-link=Tim Kane |date=27 October 2004 |title=Global U.S. Troop Deployment, 1950–2003 |url=http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2004/10/global-us-troop-deployment-1950-2003 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130128071747/http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2004/10/global-us-troop-deployment-1950-2003 |archive-date=28 January 2013 |access-date=15 February 2013 |department=Reports |publisher=[[The Heritage Foundation]]}}
[[Australia]]: 17.000{{br}}
|2={{Cite news |last=Ashley Rowland |date=22 October 2008 |title=U.S. to keep troop levels the same in South Korea |work=[[Stars and Stripes (newspaper)|Stars and Stripes]] |url=http://www.stripes.com/news/u-s-to-keep-troop-levels-the-same-in-south-korea-1.84294 |url-status=live |access-date=16 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130512203739/http://www.stripes.com/news/u-s-to-keep-troop-levels-the-same-in-south-korea-1.84294 |archive-date=12 May 2013}}<br />{{Cite web |last=Colonel Tommy R. Mize, United States Army |date=12 March 2012 |title=U.S. Troops Stationed in South Korea, Anachronistic? |url=https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA562829.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130408133136/http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA562829 |archive-date=8 April 2013 |access-date=16 February 2013 |website=[[United States Army War College]] |publisher=Defense Technical Information Center}}
[[Filipina]]: 7.000{{br}}
|3={{Cite web |last1=Louis H. Zanardi |last2=Barbara A. Schmitt |last3=Peter Konjevich |last4=M. Elizabeth Guran |last5=Susan E. Cohen |last6=Judith A. McCloskey |date=August 1991 |title=Military Presence: U.S. Personnel in the Pacific Theater |url=http://www.gao.gov/assets/160/150991.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615234749/http://www.gao.gov/assets/160/150991.pdf |archive-date=15 June 2013 |access-date=15 February 2013 |website=Reports to Congressional Requesters |publisher=[[United States General Accounting Office]]}}}}</ref>
[[Turki]]: 5.455<ref>[http://www.koreanwar-educator.org/topics/brief/brief_account_of_the_korean_war.htm] at ''Korean-War.com''</ref>{{br}}
| {{Flagicon|Britania Raya|1801|size=23px}} 14,198<ref name="UNC-USFK">{{Cite web |last=USFK Public Affairs Office |title=USFK United Nations Command |url=http://www.usfk.mil/About/United-Nations-Command/ |access-date=29 July 2016 |department=United States Forces Korea |publisher=United States Department of Defense |quote=Republic of Korea&nbsp;– 590,911<br />Colombia&nbsp;– 1,068<br />United States&nbsp;– 302,483<br />Belgium&nbsp;– 900<br />United Kingdom&nbsp;– 14,198<br />South Africa&nbsp;– 826<br />Canada&nbsp;– 6,146<br />Netherlands&nbsp;– 819<br />Turkey&nbsp;– 5,453<br />Luxembourg&nbsp;– 44<br />Australia&nbsp;– 2,282<br />Philippines&nbsp;– 1,496<br />New Zealand&nbsp;– 1,385<br />Thailand&nbsp;– 1,204{{Clarify|reason=Conflicts with data on [[Royal Thai Armed Forces]] article|date=December 2021}}<br />Ethiopia&nbsp;– 1,271<br />Greece&nbsp;– 1,263<br />France&nbsp;– 1,119|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160711030514/http://www.usfk.mil/About/United-Nations-Command |archive-date=11 July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Multiref2
[[Kolombia]]: 4.314{{br}}
|1={{Cite book |last=Rottman |first=Gordon L. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NpOp2OO1-DAC&pg=PA126 |title=Korean War Order of Battle: United States, United Nations, and Communist Ground, Naval, and Air Forces, 1950–1953 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |date=2002 |isbn=978-0275978358 |page=126 |quote=A peak strength of 14,198 British troops was reached in 1952, with over 40,000 total serving in Korea. |access-date=16 February 2013 }}
[[Belanda]]: 3.972{{br}}
|2={{cite web |last=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=9 February 2012 |title=UK-Korea Relations |url=http://ukindprk.fco.gov.uk/en/about-us/working-with-dprk/uk-korea-relations |access-date=16 February 2013 |website=British Embassy Pyongyang |publisher=[[Foreign and Commonwealth Office]] |quote=When war came to Korea in June 1950, Britain was second only to the United States in the contribution it made to the UN effort in Korea. 87,000 British troops took part in the Korean conflict, and over 1,000 British servicemen lost their lives }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
[[Prancis]]: 3.421<ref name="frinvolvement">[http://www.info-france-usa.org/atoz/koreawar.asp French Participation in the Korean War] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927195348/http://www.info-france-usa.org/atoz/koreawar.asp |date=2007-09-27 }} ''Embassy of France'', Retrieved October 31, 2006</ref>{{br}}
|3={{Cite web |last=Jack D. Walker |title=A Brief Account of the Korean War |url=http://www.kwva.org/brief_account_of_the_korean_war.htm |access-date=17 February 2013 |website=Information |publisher=Republic of Korea Ministry of National Defense Institute for Military History |quote=Other countries to furnish combat troops, with their peak strength, were: United States (302,483), United Kingdom (14,198), Canada (6,146), Turkey (5,455), Australia (2,282), Thailand (2,274), Philippines (1,496), New Zealand (1,389), France (1,185), Colombia (1,068), Ethiopia (1,271), Greece (1,263), Belgium (900), Netherlands (819), Republic of South Africa (826), Luxembourg (44) |archive-date=19 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519043212/http://www.kwva.org/brief_account_of_the_korean_war.htm |url-status=live }}
[[Selandia Baru]]: 1.389{{br}}
}}</ref>
[[Thailand]]: 1.294{{br}}
| {{Flagicon|Kanada|1921|size=23px}} 8,123<ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=7 January 2013 |title=Land of the Morning Calm: Canadians in Korea 1950–1953 |url=http://www.veterans.gc.ca/eng/collections/korea/didyouknow |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130323093839/http://www.veterans.gc.ca/eng/collections/korea/didyouknow |archive-date=23 March 2013 |access-date=22 February 2013 |website=Veterans Affairs Canada |publisher=Government of Canada |quote=Peak Canadian Army strength in Korea was 8,123 all ranks.}}</ref>
[[Etiopia]]: 1.271{{br}}
| {{Flagicon|Turki|size=23px}} 5,455<ref name="ROK Web"/>
[[Yunani]]: 1.263{{br}}
| {{Flagicon|Australia|size=23px}} 2,282<ref name="UNC-USFK"/>
[[Belgia]]: 900{{br}}
| {{Flagicon|Thailand|size=23px}} 2,274<ref name="ROK Web"/>
[[Afrika Selatan]]: 826{{br}}
| {{Flagicon|Filipina|1936|size=23px}} 1,496<ref name="UNC-USFK"/>
[[Luksemburg]]: 44{{br}}
| {{Flagicon|Selandia Baru|size=23px}} 1,389<ref name="ROK Web"/>
'''Total:''' 941.356–1.139,518
| {{Flagicon|Kekaisaran Etiopia|size=23px}} 1,271<ref name="517KWA"/>
|strength2=[[Korea Utara]]: 260.000{{br}}
| {{Flagicon|Kerajaan Yunani|state|size=23px}} 1,263<ref name="UNC-USFK"/><ref name="517KWA"/>
[[Republik Rakyat Tiongkok|RRT]]: 780.000{{br}}
| {{Flagicon|Republik Prancis Keempat|size=23px}} 1,185<ref name="517KWA">{{Cite book |last=Edwards |first=Paul M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5gYCm0bM68sC&pg=PA517 |title=Korean War Almanac |publisher=[[Infobase Publishing]] |date=2006 |isbn=978-0816074679 |series=Almanacs of American wars |page=517 |access-date=22 February 2013}}</ref>
[[Uni Soviet]]: 26.000{{br}}
| {{Flagicon|Kolombia|size=23px}} 1,068 <ref name="ROK Web"/>
'''Total:''' 1.156.000
| {{Flagicon|Belgia|size=23px}} 900<ref name="UNC-USFK"/>
|casualties1= '''Korban tewas:'''{{br}}AS: 50.000{{br}}Korsel: 673.000{{br}}
| {{Flagicon|Uni Afrika Selatan|size=23px}} 826<ref name="UNC-USFK"/>
'''Korban luka:'''{{br}}
| {{Flagicon|Belanda|size=23px}} 819<ref name="UNC-USFK"/>
AS: 103.000{{br}}
| {{Flagicon|Luksemburg|size=23px}} 44<ref name="ROK Web"/>
'''Total:''' 1.271.244–1.818.410
| '''Dukungan medis dan lainnya:'''
|casualties2= '''Korban tewas:'''{{br}}RRT: 145.000{{br}}Uni Soviet: 315{{br}}
| {{Flagicon|India|size=23px}} 346<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ramachandran |first=D. p |date=19 March 2017 |title=The doctor-heroes of war |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/open-page/the-doctor-heroes-of-war/article17529390.ece |via=www.thehindu.com |access-date=8 May 2019 |archive-date=22 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200122164250/https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/open-page/the-doctor-heroes-of-war/article17529390.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>
'''Korban luka:'''{{br}}
| {{Flagicon|Swedia|size=23px}} 170<ref name="ROK Web"/>
RRT: 260.000{{br}}
| {{Flagicon|Jepang|1947|size=23px}} 120<ref name="auto"/>
'''Total:''' 1.858.000–3.822.000
| {{Flagicon|Norwegia|size=23px}} 109<ref name="ROK Web"/>
|casualties3='''Sipil tewas atau terluka (seluruh Korea)''' = jutaan
| {{Flagicon|Denmark|size=23px}} 100<ref name="ROK Web"/>
| {{Flagicon|Italia|size=23px}} 72<ref name="ROK Web"/>
|'''Bersama:''' 968,302
}}
{{Collapsible list
|title='''Kekuatan total<ref>[https://new.mnd.go.kr/user/imhc/upload/pblictn2/625_15/index.html The Statistics of the Korean War - ROK Ministry of National Defense Institute for Military History, 2014 (E-BOOK)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709114538/https://new.mnd.go.kr/user/imhc/upload/pblictn2/625_15/index.html |date=9 July 2023 }} {{in lang|ko}}</ref><ref>[https://www.imhc.mil.kr/user/imhc/upload/pblictn/PBLICTNEBOOK_201408070704130850.pdf The Statistics of the Korean War - ROK Ministry of National Defense Institute for Military History, 2014 (PDF)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111004201/https://www.imhc.mil.kr/user/imhc/upload/pblictn/PBLICTNEBOOK_201408070704130850.pdf |date=11 January 2021 }} {{in lang|ko}}</ref><br />(pasukan tempur):'''<br />
|{{Flagicon|Amerika Serikat|1912|size=23px}} 1,789,000<ref name="Fact Sheet: America's Wars">[https://www.va.gov/opa/publications/factsheets/fs_americas_wars.pdf Fact Sheet: America's Wars".] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191127070133/https://www.va.gov/opa/publications/factsheets/fs_americas_wars.pdf |date=27 November 2019 }} U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs, Washington D.C., May 2017.</ref><br />
|{{Flagicon|Korea Selatan|size=23px}} 1,300,000<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.mpva.go.kr/ycnc/selectBbsNttView.do?key=493&bbsNo=130&nttNo=215661&searchCtgry=&searchCnd=all&searchKrwd=&pageIndex=1&integrDeptCode= |title=19만7056명 첫 全數조사 "젊은사람들 내 뒤에서 '얼마나 죽였길래' 수군수군 이젠 훈장 안 달고 다녀…세상이 야속하고 나 스스로 비참할 뿐" |access-date=14 July 2023 |archive-date=14 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230714033626/https://www.mpva.go.kr/ycnc/selectBbsNttView.do?key=493&bbsNo=130&nttNo=215661&searchCtgry=&searchCnd=all&searchKrwd=&pageIndex=1&integrDeptCode= |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|{{Flagicon|Britania Raya|1801|size=23px}} 56,000<br />
|{{Flagicon|Kanada|1921|size=23px}} 26,791<br />
|{{Flagicon|Turki|size=23px}} 21,212<br />
|{{Flagicon|Australia|size=23px}} 17,164<br />
|{{Flagicon|Filipina|1936|size=23px}} 7,420<br />
|{{Flagicon|Thailand|size=23px}} 6,326<br />
|{{Flagicon|Belanda|size=23px}} 5,322<br />
|{{Flagicon|Kolombia|size=23px}} 5,100<br />
|{{Flagicon|Kerajaan Yunani|state|size=23px}} 4,992<br />
|{{Flagicon|Selandia Baru|size=23px}} 3,794<br />
|{{Flagicon|Kekaisaran Etiopia|size=23px}} 3,518<br />
|{{Flagicon|Belgia|size=23px}} 3,498<br />
|{{Flagicon|Republik Prancis Keempat|size=23px}} 3,421<br />
|{{Flagicon|Uni Afrika Selatan|size=23px}} 826<br />
|{{Flagicon|Luksemburg|size=23px}} 110<br />
'''Medical support and others:'''<br />
|{{Flagicon|Swedia|size=23px}} 1,124<br />
|{{Flagicon|Denmark|size=23px}} 630<br />
|{{Flagicon|India|size=23px}} 627<br />
|{{Flagicon|Norwegia|size=23px}} 623<br />
|{{Flagicon|Italia|size=23px}} 189<br />
|{{Flagicon|Jepang|1947|size=23px}} 120<br />'''Together:''' 3,257,797
}}
|strength2={{Plainlist | '''Kekuatan puncak<br />(pasukan tempur):'''
* {{Flagicon|Korea Utara|1948|size=23px}} 266,600<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shrader |first=Charles R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UcGs__qQCzgC&pg=PA90 |title=Communist Logistics in the Korean War |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |date=1995 |isbn=978-0313295096 |series=Issue 160 of Contributions in Military Studies |page=90 |quote=NKPA strength peaked in October 1952 at 266,600 men in eighteen divisions and six independent brigades. |access-date=17 February 2013}}</ref>
* {{Flagicon|Tiongkok|1949|size=23px}} 1,450,000<ref name="zhang257">{{Harvnb|Zhang|1995|p=257}}.</ref><ref>Xiaobing, Li (2009). ''A History of the Modern Chinese Army'' Lexington: University Press of Kentucky. p. 105: "By December 1952, the Chinese forces in Korea had reached a record high of 1.45 million men, including fifty-nine infantry divisions, ten artillery divisions, five antiaircraft divisions, and seven tank regiments. CPVF numbers remained stable until the armistice agreement was signed in July 1953."</ref>
* {{Flagicon|Uni Soviet|1936|size=23px}} 26,000<ref name="Whipped">{{Cite journal |last=Kolb |first=Richard K. |date=1999 |title=In Korea we whipped the Russian Air Force |url=https://www.questia.com/read/1P3-43694886 |journal=VFW Magazine |volume=86 |issue=11 |access-date=17 February 2013 |quote=Soviet involvement in the Korean War was on a large scale. During the war, 72,000 Soviet troops (among them 5,000 pilots) served along the Yalu River in Manchuria. At least 12 air divisions rotated through. A peak strength of 26,000 men was reached in 1952. }}{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
'''Bersama:''' 1,742,000
}}
 
'''Total:'''<br />{{Flagicon|Tiongkok|1949|size=23px}} 2,970,000<ref name="xu"/><br />{{Flagicon|Uni Soviet|1936|size=23px}} 72,000<ref name="Whipped"/><br /> '''Bersama:''' 3,042,000
|casualties3={{Plainlist |
* '''Jumlah korban sipil:''' 2–3 juta (diperkirakan)<ref name="Cumings p. 35"/><ref name="Lewy pp. 450-453"/>
* '''Orang Korea Selatan:'''<br />''990,968 jumlah korban''<ref name="ROK Web"/>
* '''Orang Korea Utara:''' <br />''1,550,000 jumlah korban'' (diperkirakan)<ref name="ROK Web"/>
}}
|notes=
}}
 
{{Sejarah Korea}}
'''Perang Korea''' ([[bahasa Korea]]: '''한국전쟁''') adalah sebuah konflik antara [[Korea Utara]] dan [[Korea Selatan]] yang terjadi sejak [[25 Juni]] [[1950]] sampai [[27 Juli]] [[1953]]. Perang ini juga disebut [[perang proksi]] ({{lang-en|proxy war}}) antara [[Amerika Serikat]] bersama sekutu [[PBB]]-nya dengan [[komunis]] [[Republik Rakyat Tiongkok]] yang bekerja sama dengan [[Uni Soviet]] (juga anggota PBB). Peserta perang utama adalah [[Korea Utara]] dan [[Korea Selatan]]. Sekutu utama Korea Selatan adalah [[Amerika Serikat]], [[Kanada]], [[Australia]], dan [[Britania Raya]], meskipun banyak negara lain mengirimkan tentara di bawah bendera [[PBB]]. Sekutu Korea Utara, seperti [[Republik Rakyat Tiongkok]] menyediakan kekuatan militer, sementara [[Uni Soviet]] menyediakan [[penasihat perang]], pilot pesawat, dan juga persenjataan untuk pasukan Tiongkok dan Korea Utara.
 
== Latar belakang ==
=== Terminologi ===
Di [[Amerika Serikat]], perang ini secara resmi dideskripsikan sebagai [[aksi polisional]] karena tidak adanya [[Deklarasi perang oleh Amerika Serikat|deklarasi perang resmi dari [[Kongres ASAmerika Serikat]]. Dalam bahasa sehari-hari, perang ini juga sering disebut "perang yang terlupakan" atau "perang yang tidak diketahui", karena dianggap sebagai urusan [[PBBPerserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa]] yang berakhir dengan kebuntuan. Selain (''stalemate'')itu, sedikitnya korban dari pihak AS,Amerika danSerikat kurangsangat jelasnyasedikit dan isu-isu penyebab perang ini kurang jelas bila dibandingkan dengan [[Perang Vietnam]] dan [[Perang Dunia II]].<ref>{{cite web | title =Remembering the Forgotten War: Korea, 1950-1953 | publisher =Naval Historical Center | url =http://www.history.navy.mil/ac/korea/korea1.htm | accessdate =2007-08-16 | archive-date =2007-08-19 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20070819014820/http://www.history.navy.mil/ac/korea/korea1.htm | dead-url =yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title= [[The Coldest Winter: America and the Korean War]]|last= Halberstam|first= David|authorlink= David Halberstam|year= 2007|publisher= [[Disney Hyperion]]|location= New York|isbn= 978-1-4013-0052-4|page= [https://archive.org/details/coldestwinterame00halb_0/page/n5 2]|quote= Over half a century later, the war still remained largely outside American political and cultural consciousness. ''The Forgotten War'' was the apt title of one of the bestbooks on it. Korea was a war that sometimes seemed to have been orphaned by history.}}</ref>
 
Di Korea Selatan, perang ini biasa disebut sebagai Perang 6-2-5 (''yuk-i-o jeonjaeng'') yang mencerminkan tanggal dimulainya perang pada 25 Juni.<ref name="Hoare1999">{{cite book|last1=Pratt|first1=Keith L.|last2=Rutt|first2=Richard|last3=Hoare|first3=James|year=1999|title=Korea: A Historical and Cultural Dictionary|location=Richmond, Surrey|publisher=Curzon|isbn=978-0700704644|page=239}}</ref> Sementara itu, di Korea Utara, perang ini secara resmi disebut ''choguk haebang chǒnjaeng'' ("perang pembebasan tanah air"). Perang Korea juga disebut ''[[Joseon|Chosǒn]] chǒnjaeng'' ("Perang Joseon", Joseon adalah sebutan Korea Utara untuk tanah Korea).<ref name="Kim2003">{{cite book|last=Kim|first=Ilpyong J.|year=2003|title=Historical Dictionary of North Korea|location=Lanham, MD|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0810843318|page=79}}</ref>
Baris 160 ⟶ 278:
=== Aksi Polisional: Intervensi Amerika Serikat ===
[[Berkas:IncheonLandingMcArthur.jpg|jmpl|kiri|Jenderal MacArthur, UN Command CiC (duduk), mengamati penembakan laut di Incheon dari ''USS Mt. McKinley'', 15 September 1950.]]
[[Berkas:WarkoreaU.S. AmericanArmy Soldiersmachine gun team near the Chongchon River in North Korea (November 1950).jpg|jmpl|ka|Infantri AS mengambil posisi, 1950–53.]]
[[Berkas:KoreanWarRefugeeWithBaby.jpg|jmpl|ka|Seorang anak Korea melintasi tank [[M46 Patton|M-46]].]]
[[Berkas:KoreanWarFallenSoldier1.jpg|jmpl|ka|Seorang infantri menghibur tentara lainnya.]]
Baris 289 ⟶ 407:
== Akhir perang ==
Perang ini berakhir pada [[27 Juli]] [[1953]] saat [[Amerika Serikat]], [[Republik Rakyat Tiongkok]], dan [[Korea Utara]] menandatangani persetujuan gencatan senjata. [[Presiden Korea Selatan]], [[Syngman Rhee]], menolak menandatanganinya namun berjanji menghormati kesepakatan gencatan senjata tersebut. Namun secara resmi, perang ini belum berakhir sampai dengan saat ini.
 
Tepat pada 15 Oktober 2024, Kepala Staf Gabungan (JCS) Korea Selatan mengatakan bahwa beberapa ruas jalan dan rel kereta di bagian utara yang terhubung hancur. Hal ini disebabkan Korea Utara yang membentengi daerah-daerah di sisi perbatasannya yang memberikan signal untuk membatalkan penyatuan dua Korea <ref>{{Cite web|last=Arbar|first=Thea Fathanah|title=Perang Korea Memanas! Korut Ledakkan Jalur Penghubung dengan Korsel|url=https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20241016055604-4-580085/perang-korea-memanas-korut-ledakkan-jalur-penghubung-dengan-korsel|website=CNBC Indonesia|language=id|access-date=2024-11-01}}</ref>. Ketegangan ini berawal dari Korea Utara yang menganggap bahwa Korea Selatan telah mengirim pesawat tanpa awak ke daerahnya. Kondisi ini menggambarkan kedua negara yang masih terjebak situasi perang karena perang sebelumnya pada tahun 1950-1953 berakhir dengan kesepakatan gencatan senjata, bukan persetujuan damai.
 
== Lihat pula ==