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Revolusi Nasional Indonesia: Perbedaan antara revisi

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(4 revisi perantara oleh pengguna yang sama tidak ditampilkan)
Baris 2:
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Revolusi Nasional Indonesia
| partof = PascaDampak [[Perang Dunia II]] dan [[Dekolonisasi Asia]]
| image = [[Berkas:Indonesian{{multiple National Revolution montage.jpgimage|border=infobox|perrow=2/2/2|290px]]total_width=300
|image1 = Indonesia declaration of independence 17 August 1945.jpg {{!}} Sukarno reading the proclamation of Indonesian independence. To the far right is Mohammad Hatta. The one in the black vest is Soewirjo
| caption = '''Searah jarum jam dari pojok kanan:'''
|image2 = Een afdeling TNI militairen marcheert door een lege straat, Bestanddeelnr 888.jpg {{!}} A section of Indonesian soldiers marches through an empty street. 12 November 1949
{{flatlist|
|image3= LaSalle 1940 Series 52 Sedan Burnt Out During The British Occupation of Java SE5724.jpg {{!}} The burnt-out LaSalle 1940 Series 52 Sedan of the late Brigadier Mallaby on the spot where he was murdered by Indonesian nationalists in Surabaya (Soerabaja) on 31 October 1945.
* Keadaan mobil milik [[Aubertin Walter Sothern Mallaby|Brigadir Mallaby]] yang terbakar, dimana ia dibunuh pada 30 Oktober 1945 saat [[Pertempuran Surabaya]]▼
|image4 = Militairen rennen in een kampong, waar een aantal huizen in brand staan, Bestanddeelnr 39-4-6.jpg {{!}} Soldiers run into a kampong, where a number of houses are on fire, 1946.
* Dua tentara Indonesia berlari ke sebuah kampung di [[Bandung Lautan Api|Bandung]] yang terdapat beberapa rumah terbakar
|image5 = Een groep Recce M3 Stuart tanks passeert geparkeerde vrachtwagen. Bestanddeelnr 5740.jpg {{!}} A group of Dutch turretless M3 Stuart reconnaissance tanks pass a line of parked trucks, watched by a captain of Dutch 5 Brigade, 20 December 1948.
* Delegasi dari Indonesia dan Belanda kembali lagi ke [[Linggajati, Cilimus, Kuningan|Linggajati]] untuk mengadakan [[Perundingan Linggajati]]
|image6 = Soevereiniteitsoverdracht Indonesië. Koningin Juliana tekent de akte, Bestanddeelnr 934-5295.jpg {{!}} Queen Juliana of the Netherlands signing the treaty that transferred sovereignty to Indonesia, 27 December 1949.
* [[Padang]] setelah [[Agresi Militer Belanda II]]▼
|image7 = }}
* [[Soekarno]] dan [[Mohammad Hatta]] sebelum dibuang ke [[Berastagi]], [[Sumatera Utara]]
| caption = {{Collapsible list
* [[Ratu Juliana]] menandatangani penyerahan kedaulatan Indonesia di [[Ridderzaal]]
| bullets = on
| title = '''Dari atas, kiri ke kanan:'''
| [[Soekarno]] dan [[Mohammad Hatta]] memproklamasikan Kemerdekaan Indonesia pada 17 Agustus 1945.
| Tentara Indonesia di jalan, November 1949.
▲*| KeadaanSisa-sisa mobil milikBrigadir [[Aubertin Walter Sothern Mallaby|Brigadir Mallaby]], yangdi terbakar, dimanamana ia dibunuhterbunuh pada tanggal 30 Oktober 1945 saatselama [[Pertempuran Surabaya]].
| Sebuah desa di dekat [[Kota Bandung|Bandung]], di mana [[Bandung Lautan Api|sejumlah rumah dibakar]]. Dua orang tentara Indonesia terlihat di sebelah kiri gambar.
▲*| [[Padang]]Pasukan setelahBelanda selama [[Agresi Militer Belanda II]], 1948.
| Ratu [[Juliana dari Belanda]] menandatangani ''Soevereiniteitsoverdracht'' (Penyerahan Kedaulatan) Indonesia.
}}
| date = 29 September 1945 – 27 Desember 1949{{br}}(4 tahun, 3 bulan, 2 hari)
Baris 22 ⟶ 30:
*Pembentukan [[Republik Indonesia Serikat]]
*Pembentukan [[Uni Belanda-Indonesia]]
| combatant1 = {{flagicon|Indonesia}} '''[[Sejarah Indonesia (1945–1949)|Republik Indonesia]]'''
* {{flagdeco|Indonesia}} [[Pemerintahan Darurat Republik Indonesia|PDRI]]{{efn|group=infobox|1948-1949, seletah ''Agresi Militer Belanda II''}}
* [[PDRI]]
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the StateIndonesian ofNational EastArmed IndonesiaForces.svg}} [[NegaraTentara IndonesiaNasional TimurIndonesia|TNI]]▼
* [[TNI|BKR/TKR/TRI/TNI]]
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the CommunistIndonesian PartyNational of IndonesiaPolice.svgpng}} [[PemberontakanKepolisian PKINegara 1948|Republik Soviet Indonesia|POLRI]].▼
* [[Korps Brigade Mobil]]
*{{flagdeco|Japan|1870}} [[Serdadu Jepang yang tetap tinggal|Jepang]]
{{flagdeco|Japan|1947}} Relawan [[Angkatan Darat Kekaisaran Jepang|Tentara Kekaisaran Jepang]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2009/09/09/national/japanese-recounts-role-fighting-to-free-indonesia|title=Japanese recounts role fighting to free Indonesia|first=Christine|last=Tjandraningsih|work=Kyodo News|date=9 September 2009|access-date=24 Maret 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/15/world/asia/occupation-helped-put-indonesia-on-the-path-to-independence.html|title=Occupation Helped Put Indonesia On the Path To Independence|first=Donald|last=Greenless|work=The New York Times|date=15 Agustus 2005|access-date=2 November 2020}}</ref><br> <small>(sejak tahun 1945)</small>
 
{{flagdeco|British Raj}} Desertir [[Angkatan Darat India Britania|Tentara India]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://historia.id/politik/articles/alasan-pembelotan-tentara-india-vxJ05/page/1|title=Alasan Pembelotan Tentara India|first=Hendri F.|last=Isnaeni|work=Historia|date=14 Juli 2018|access-date=2 November 2020}}</ref> <small>(sejak tahun 1945)</small>
 
'''Didukung oleh:'''
 
{{flagcountry|Australia}}<ref name="downer">{{cite web|url=http://www.foreignminister.gov.au/speeches/1998/980709_ai_sovereignty.html|title=Australia & Indonesia's Independence:The Transfer Of Sovereignty: Documents 1949|publisher=Minister for Foreign Affairs|access-date=11 May 2013|archive-date=29 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029194548/http://www.foreignminister.gov.au/speeches/1998/980709_ai_sovereignty.html|url-status=live}}</ref> <small>(setelah tahun 1947)</small>
 
{{flagcountry|India}}<ref>Foreign Policy of India: Text of Documents 1947–59 (p. 54)</ref> <small>(setelah tahun 1947)</small>
 
{{flagcountry|Amerika Serikat}}<ref
name="marshall">{{Cite book|last=Gouda|first=Frances|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/55842798|title=American visions of the Netherlands East Indies/Indonesia : US foreign policy and Indonesian nationalism, 1920–1949|date=2002|publisher=Amsterdam University Press|others=Thijs Brocades Zaalberg|isbn=1-4175-2156-2|location=Amsterdam|oclc=55842798}}</ref><small>(setelah tahun 1949){{br}}
{{Flag|Uni Soviet}}{{br}}<small>(diplomasi)
| combatant2 = {{flagcountry|Belanda}}
<small>(sejak tahun 1946)</small>
*{{flagcountry|Hindia Belanda}}
**[[Koninklijk Nederlands-Indische Leger|KNIL]]
**[[NICA]]
▲*{{flagicon image|Flag of the State of East Indonesia.svg}} [[Negara Indonesia Timur]]
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Pontianak Sultanate.svg}} [[Kesultanan Pontianak]]
*{{flagicon image|Flag of Legion of Ratu Adil.svg}} [[Angkatan Perang Ratu Adil]]
*{{flagicon|Republik Tiongkok}} [[Pao An Tui]] (保案队) <small>(mengklaim netralitas)</small>▼
{{flag|Britania Raya}} <small>(hingga tahun 1946)</small>
*{{flagdeco|British Raj}} [[Kemaharajaan Britania]] <small>
'''Didukung oleh:'''
 
{{flagcountry|Australia}} <small>(hingga tahun 1946)</small>
----
<small>'''Konflik internal:'''</small><br />{{flagicon image|Flag of theIslamic Communist PartyState of Indonesia.svg}} [[MussoNegara Islam Indonesia|DI/TII]] {{executed}}<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of the Communist Party of Indonesia.svg}} [[AmirFront SjarifuddinDemokrasi Rakyat|FDR]]{{executed}}▼
{{flag|Kekaisaran Jepang}} <small>(hingga tahun 1946)</small>
| combatant2 = '''{{Flag|Belanda}}'''{{efn|group=infobox|sejak 1946}}
*{{flagdeco|Netherlands}} [[Hindia Belanda]]
**{{flagdeco|Netherlands}} [[Tentara Kerajaan Hindia Belanda|KNIL]]
**{{flagdeco|Netherlands}} [[Pemerintahan Sipil Hindia Belanda|NICA]]
▲*{{flagicon image|RepublikPao TiongkokAn Tui.svg}} [[Pao An Tui]] (保案队) <small>({{efn|group=infobox|mengklaim netralitas)</small>}}
{{flagcountry|UK}}{{efn|group=infobox|name=until1946|hingga 1946}}
* {{flag|British Raj}}{{efn|group=infobox|name=until1946}}
----
{{flagdeco|Japan|1870}} [[Jepang]]{{efn|group=infobox|name=until1946}}
<small>Konflik internal:</small><br>
| commander1 = {{nowrap|{{flagdeco|Indonesia}} [[Soekarno]]}}<br />{{flagdeco|Indonesia}} [[Mohammad Hatta|M. Hatta]]<br />{{flagdeco|Indonesia}} [[Soedirman]]<br />{{flagdeco|Indonesia}} [[Oerip Soemohardjo|O. Soemohardjo]]<br />{{flagdeco|Indonesia}} [[Hamengkubuwana IX|HB IX]]<br />{{flagdeco|Indonesia}} [[Gatot Soebroto]]<br />{{flagdeco|Indonesia}} [[Abdul Haris Nasution|A.H Nasution]]<br />''dan lainnya...''
{{flagicon image|Flag of Islamic State of Indonesia.svg}} [[Darul Islam]]
▲{{flagicon image|Flag of the Communist Party of Indonesia.svg}} [[Pemberontakan PKI 1948|Republik Soviet Indonesia]].
| commander1 = {{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Soekarno]]<br>{{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Mohammad Hatta]]<br>{{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Soedirman]]<br>{{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Oerip Soemohardjo]]<br>{{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Soetan Sjahrir]]<br>{{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Hamengkubuwana IX]]<br>{{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Pakubuwana XII]]<br>{{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Abdul Haris Nasution|A.H. Nasution]]<br>{{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Sjafruddin Prawiranegara]]<br>{{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Gatot Subroto]]<br>{{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Bambang Soegeng]]<br>{{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Bung Tomo|Soetomo]]<br>{{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Moehammad Jasin]]<br>{{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[T.B. Simatupang]]<br>{{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Soeharto]]<br>{{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Amir Sjarifuddin]]<br>{{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Alex Kawilarang]]<br>{{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Ventje Sumual]]<br>{{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Joop Warouw]]<br>{{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Daan Mogot]]<br>{{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Tan Malaka]]<br>{{flagicon|Indonesia}}{{flagicon image|Flag of Pontianak Sultanate.svg}} [[Sultan Hamid II]]<br>{{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Agustinus Adisoetjipto]] {{KIA}}<br> {{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[R. E. Martadinata]]
| commander2 = {{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Hubertus van Mook]]<br>{{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Simon Hendrik Spoor|Simon Spoor]]<br>{{Flagicon|Belanda}} [[Dirk Reinhard Adelbert van Langen|Adelbert van Langen]]{{br}}{{Flagicon|Belanda}} [[Dirk Cornelis Buurman van Vreeden|Buurman Van Vreeden]]{{br}}{{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Conrad Helfrich]]{{br}}{{Flagicon|Belanda}} [[Ludolph Hendrik van Oyen|Hendrik van Oyen]]<br>{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Louis Mountbatten]]<br>{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Philip Christison]]<br>{{Flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Robert Mansergh]]{{br}}{{Flagicon|Britania Raya}} [[Aubertin Mallaby]]{{KIA}}{{br}}{{flagicon|Belanda}}{{flagicon image|Flag of Legion of Ratu Adil.svg}} [[Raymond Westerling]]<br>{{flagicon|Indonesia}}{{flagicon image|Flag of the State of East Indonesia.svg}} [[Tjokorda Gde Raka Soekawati]]<br>{{flagicon|Indonesia}}{{flagicon image|Flag of Pontianak Sultanate.svg}} [[Sultan Hamid II]]<br>{{flagicon|Belanda}}{{flagicon|Republik Tiongkok}} [[Loa Sek Hie]]<br>{{flagicon|Belanda}} [[A.K. Widjojoatmodjo]]<br>{{flagicon|Belanda}} [[Julius Tahija]]
----
{{flagicon image|Flag of Islamic State of Indonesia.svg}} [[Sekarmadji Maridjan KartosuwirjoKartosoewirjo|SekarmadjiS.M. Kartosoewirjo]]<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Islamic State of Indonesia.svg}} [[Amir Fatah]]<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of the Communist Party of Indonesia.svg}} [[Musso]]{{executed}}<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Islamicthe StateCommunist Party of Indonesia.svg}} [[AbdulAmir KaharSjarifoeddin|A. MuzakkarSjarifoeddin]]{{executed}}<br />{{KIAflagicon image|Flag of the Communist Party of Indonesia.svg}} [[D.N. Aidit]]
| commander2 = {{nowrap|{{flagdeco|Netherlands}} [[Louis Joseph Maria Beel|Louis Beel]]<br />{{flagdeco|Netherlands}} [[Willem Drees]]<br />{{flagdeco|Netherlands}} [[Hubertus Johannes van Mook|Hubertus van Mook]]<br />{{flagdeco|Netherlands}} [[Antonius Hermanus Johannes Lovink|Tony Lovink]]<br />{{flagdeco|Netherlands}} [[Abdulkadir Widjojoatmodjo|A. Widjojoatmodjo]]<br />{{flagdeco|Netherlands}} [[Raymond Westerling]]<br /> {{flagdeco|Netherlands}} [[Conrad Helfrich]]<br />{{flagdeco|United Kingdom}} [[Louis Mountbatten]]<br />{{flagdeco|United Kingdom}} [[Aubertin Mallaby|A.W.S Mallaby]]{{KIA}}<br />{{flagdeco|United Kingdom}} [[Robert Mansergh]]}}
----
▲{{flagicon image|Flag of the Communist Party of Indonesia.svg}} [[Musso]] {{executed}}<br>{{flagicon image|Flag of the Communist Party of Indonesia.svg}} [[Amir Sjarifuddin]]{{executed}}
| strength1 = '''[[Badan Keamanan Rakyat|BKR]]/[[Tentara Keamanan Rakyat|TKR]]/[[Tentara Republik Indonesia|TRI]]/[[Tentara Nasional Indonesia|TNI]]''':<br>150.000<br>'''Laskar rakyat''':<br>diperkirakan 60,000<br>'''Relawan Muda:''' 100,000<br>'''Relawan Jepang''': 1,000<br>'''Desertir India:''' 600
| strength2 = '''Belanda''': <br>200,000<ref name="niod">{{cite web|url=https://www.niod.nl/en/frequently-asked-questions/indonesian-war-independence-numbers |title=Indonesian War of Independence (in numbers) |access-date=2023-02-09|publisher=[[NIOD Institute for War, Holocaust and Genocide Studies]]}}</ref><br>'''Inggris''': <br>50,000<ref>{{cite web|url=https://kompaspedia.kompas.id/baca/paparan-topik/pasukan-inggris-di-indonesia-1945-1946|title=Pasukan Inggris di Indonesia: 1945–1946|date=13 November 2020}}</ref> <br>'''Jepang:'''<br>35,000
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