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{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Aconitum variegatum 110807f.jpg
| image_caption = ''Aconitum variegatum''
| taxon = Aconitum
| authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]
| subdivision_ranks = subgenera<ref name='Jabbour&Renner'>{{cite journal|last1= Jabbour|first1= Florian|last2= Renner|first2= Susanne S.|year= 2012|title= A phylogeny of Delphinieae (Ranunculaceae) shows that ''Aconitum'' is nested within ''Delphinium'' and that Late Miocene transition to long life cycles in the Himalayas and Southwest China coincide with bursts in diversification|journal= Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|volume= 62|pages= 928-942|doi= 10.1016/j.ympwv.2011.12.005}}</ref>
| subdivision = * ''Aconitum'' subgenus ''Aconitum''
* ''Aconitum'' subgenus ''Lycoctonum'' <small>([[Augustin Pyramus de Candolle|DC.]]) Peterm.
''[[#Species|untuk jenis spesies lainnya]]''
| color={{tc2|tumbuhan}}
| display_parents=3
}}
'''''Aconitum''''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|æ|k|ə|ˈ|n|aɪ|t|əm}}),<ref>''Sunset Western Garden Book,'' 1995:606–607</ref> juga dikenal dengan sebutan '''akonit''', '''upas macan''', '''upas puan''', atau '''tudung setan''' adalah salah satu [[genus]] dari lebih 250 [[spesies]] [[tumbuhan]] bunga yang berasal dari [[Famili (biologi)|famili]] [[Ranunculaceae]]. Tumbuhan [[tumbuhan menahun|menahun]] ini sering kali dijumpai pada pegunungan di bagian utara hemisfer<ref name="Chisholm">{{EB1911|inline=1|wstitle=Aconite|volume=1|pages=151-152}}</ref> tumbuh di dataran lembap yang diakibatkan oleh kabut pegunungan. Sebagian besar spesies tumbuhan ini merupakan tumbuhan beracun<ref>Hay, R. (Consultant Editor) second edition 1978. ''Reader's Digest Encyclopedia of Garden Plants and Flowers.'' The Reader's Digest Association Limited.</ref> sehingga harus berhati-hati.
[[Berkas:Aconit.jpg|jmpl|''[[Aconitum napellus]]'']]
[[File:Monnikskap (Aconitum), 07-09-2024. (actm.).jpg|thumb| Empty seed pod.]]
== Tinjauan Umum ==
== Spesies ==
{|
|- valign=top
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* ''Aconitum ajanense''
* ''Aconitum albo-violaceum''
* ''Aconitum altaicum''
* ''Aconitum ambiguum''
* ''Aconitum angusticassidatum''
* ''[[Aconitum anthora]]'' (Yellow Monkshood)
* ''Aconitum anthoroideum''
* ''Aconitum album''
* ''Aconitum axilliflorum''
* ''Aconitum baburinii''
* ''Aconitum baicalense''
* ''Aconitum barbatum''
* ''Aconitum besserianum''
* ''Aconitum biflorum''
* ''Aconitum bucovinense''
* ''Aconitum burnatii''
* ''[[Aconitum carmichaelii]]' (Carmichael's Monkshood)
* ''Aconitum charkeviczii''
* ''Aconitum chasmanthum''
* ''[[Aconitum chinense]]'' - Siebold.&Zucc.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.pfaf.org/database/plants.php?Aconitum+chinense |title=''Aconitum chinense'' on pfaf.org |access-date=2012-08-19 |archive-date=2009-01-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090115224941/http://www.pfaf.org/database/plants.php?Aconitum+chinense |dead-url=yes }}</ref> aka ''Aconitum carmichaelii var. truppelianum''
* ''Aconitum cochleare''
* ''[[Aconitum columbianum]]'' (Western Monkshood)
* ''Aconitum confertiflorum''
* ''Aconitum consanguineum''
* ''Aconitum coreanum''
* ''Aconitum crassifolium''
* ''Aconitum cymbulatum''
* ''Aconitum czekanovskyi''
* ''Aconitum decipiens''
* ''Aconitum degenii'' (syn. ''A. variegatum'' ssp. ''paniculatum'')
* ''Aconitum delphinifolium'' (Larkspurleaf Monkshood)
* ''Aconitum desoulavyi''
* ''[[Aconitum ferox]]'' (Indian Aconite)
* ''Aconitum firmum''
* ''[[Aconitum fischeri]]'' (Fischer Monkshood)
* ''Aconitum flerovii''
* ''Aconitum gigas''
* ''Aconitum gracile'' (synonym of ''A. variegatum'' ssp. ''variegatum'')
* ''Aconitum helenae''
* ''Aconitum hemsleyanum'' (Climbing Monkshood)
* ''Aconitum hosteanum''
* ''Aconitum infectum'': Arizona Monkshood
* ''Aconitum jacquinii'' (synonym of ''A. anthora'')
* ''Aconitum jaluense''
* ''Aconitum jenisseense''
* ''Aconitum karafutense''
* ''Aconitum karakolicum''
* ''Aconitum kirinense''
* ''Aconitum krylovii''
* ''Aconitum kunasilense''
* ''Aconitum kurilense''
* ''Aconitum kusnezoffii'': Kusnezoff Monkshood
* ''Aconitum kuzenevae''
* ''[[Aconitum lamarckii]]''
* ''Aconitum lasiostomum''
* ''Aconitum leucostomum''
* ''Aconitum longiracemosum''
* ''[[Aconitum lycoctonum]]''
* ''Aconitum macrorhynchum''
|
* ''Aconitum maximum'' (Kamchatka Aconite)
* ''Aconitum miyabei''
* ''Aconitum moldavicum''
* ''Aconitum montibaicalense''
* ''Aconitum nanum''
* ''[[Aconitum napellus]]'' (Monkshood; type species)
* ''Aconitum nasutum''
* ''Aconitum nemorum''
* ''Aconitum neosachalinense''
* ''[[Aconitum noveboracense]]'' (Northern Blue Monkshood)
* ''Aconitum ochotense''
* ''Aconitum orientale''
* ''Aconitum paniculatum''
* ''Aconitum paradoxum''
* ''Aconitum pascoi''
* ''Aconitum pavlovae''
* ''Aconitum pilipes''
* ''Aconitum plicatum''
* ''Aconitum podolicum''
* ''Aconitum productum''
* ''Aconitum pseudokusnezowii''
* ''Aconitum puchonroenicum''
* ''Aconitum raddeanum''
* ''Aconitum ranunculoides''
* ''Aconitum reclinatum'' (Trailing White Monkshood)
* ''Aconitum rogoviczii''
* ''Aconitum romanicum''
* ''Aconitum rotundifolium''
* ''Aconitum rubicundum''
* ''Aconitum sachalinense''
* ''Aconitum sajanense''
* ''Aconitum saxatile''
* ''Aconitum sczukinii''
* ''[[Aconitum septentrionale]]''
* ''Aconitum seravschanicum''
* ''Aconitum sichotense''
* ''Aconitum smirnovii''
* ''Aconitum soongaricum''
* ''Aconitum stoloniferum''
* ''Aconitum stubendorffii''
* ''Aconitum subalpinum''
* ''Aconitum subglandulosum''
* ''Aconitum subvillosum''
* ''Aconitum sukaczevii''
* ''Aconitum taigicola''
* ''Aconitum talassicum''
* ''Aconitum tanguticum''
* ''Aconitum tauricum''
* ''Aconitum turczaninowii''
* ''Aconitum umbrosum''
* ''Aconitum uncinatum'' (Southern Blue Monkshood)
* ''Aconitum variegatum''
* ''Aconitum volubile''
* ''Aconitum vulparia'' (Wolfsbane)
* ''Aconitum woroschilovii''
|}
=== Natural hybrids ===
* ''Aconitum × austriacum''
* ''Aconitum × cammarum''
* ''Aconitum × hebegynum''
* ''Aconitum × oenipontanum'' (''A. variegatum'' ssp. ''variegatum'' × ssp. ''paniculatum'')
* ''Aconitum × pilosiusculum''
* ''Aconitum × platanifolium'' (''A. lycoctonum'' ssp. ''neapolitanum'' × ssp. ''vulparia'')
* ''Aconitum × zahlbruckneri'' (''A. napellus'' ssp. ''vulgare'' × ''A. variegatum'' ssp. ''variegatum'')
== Kegunaan ==
Tanaman ini menjadi makanan dari sebagian spesies [[Lepidoptera]] seperti ngengat dan [[tikus]]. [[Aconitum ferox]] mengandung sejumlah besar [[alkaloid pseudaconitine]], yang di mana racun yang mematikan. Akar Aconitum ferox
== Galeri ==
<gallery>
Berkas:Aconitum napellus 2019-08-31 14-48.jpg|''Aconitum napellus''
Berkas:Aconitum napellus MHNT.BOT.2007.52.9.jpg|''Aconitum napellus'' kering
Berkas:Aconitum vulparia MHNT.BOT.2004.0.787.jpg|''Aconitum vulparia'' kering
Berkas:Aconitum lycoctonum subsp. vulparia MHNT.BOT.2004.0.787.jpg|''Aconitum lycoctonum subsp. vulparia'' kering
</gallery>
== Referensi ==
{{reflist}}
{{Commonscat}}
{{taxonbar|from=Q155904}}
[[Kategori:Ranunculaceae]]
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