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'''Khalifah Abbasiyah''' adalah pemangku gelar [[Khilafah|khalifah]] [[Islam]] dari Dinasti Abbasiyah, yang merupakan keturunan [[Suku Quraisy]] dari jalur [[Abbas bin Abdul Muthalib]], yang tidak lain adalah paman [[Muhammad|Nabi Muhammad saw]].
 
Baris 35 ⟶ 33:
* Sallamah (diduga berasal dari Nefzaoua)
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* Dinominasikan sebagai pewarisputra mahkota oleh saudaranya, Khalifah Al-Saffah, pada tahun 754.
* Al-Mansur ditahbis sebagai khalifah pada 753 M (136 H) dan dilantik pada tahun berikutnya.<ref name="Aikin17472">{{cite book|last1=Aikin|first1=John|date=1747|title=General biography: or, Lives, critical and historical, of the most eminent persons of all ages, countries, conditions, and professions, arranged according to alphabetical order|location=London|publisher=G. G. and J. Robinson|isbn=1333072457|page=201}}</ref>
* Pendiri Ibukota Baghdad.
Baris 48 ⟶ 46:
* [[Arwa bint Mansur al-Himyari|Umm Musa Arwa bint Mansur al-Himyari]]
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* Dinominasikan sebagai putra mahkota oleh ayahnya.
* Nominated heir by his father After the death of his father, he succeeded him.
* Al-Mahdi memulai pemerintahannya dengan membebaskan tahanan politik, memperluas dan mendekorasi tempat suci di Mekkah dan Madinah, serta membangun air mancur dan loteng untuk jamaah haji.{{sfn|Bobrick|2012|p=24}}
* Al-Mahdi commenced his rule by releasing several political prisoners, expanding and decorating the holy places of Mecca and Medina, and building fountains and lofts for Hajj pilgrims. He expanded the mail service, increased his secret service, fortified cities, and increased judicial appointments. His charitable giving was also impressive.{{sfn|Bobrick|2012|p=24}}
* Al-Mahdi memperluas layanan pos, meningkatkan layanan rahasia, membangun kota-kota berbenteng, dan menambah penunjukan hakim.
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|4
Baris 59 ⟶ 58:
* [[Al-Khayzuran|Al-Khayzuran bint 'Attia]]
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* Dinominasikan sebagai putra mahkota oleh ayahnya.
* Nominated first heir by his father Al-Mahdi after the death of his father, he succeeded him
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|5
Baris 69 ⟶ 68:
* [[Al-Khayzuran|Al-Khayzuran bint 'Atta]]
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* NominatedDinominasikan secondsebagai heirputra bymahkota hiskedua fatheroleh ayahnya al-Mahdi, afterdan thenaik deathtahta ofsetelah his brother CaliphKhalifah al-Hadi, hesaudaranya, succeededmeninggal him intahun 786 M.
* Abbasiyah berkuasa di wilayah Maroko hingga [[Dinasti Idrisiyyah|Dinasti Idrisiyah]] memisahkan diri pada 788 M.
* Abbasids ruled over present-day Morocco until 788, when secessionist [[Idrisid dynasty]] established in [[Morocco]] (788).
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|6
Baris 80 ⟶ 79:
* [[Zubaidah bint Ja`far|Umm Ja'far Zubaidah bint Ja'far ibn al-Mansur]]
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* Dinominasikan sebagai putra mahkota oleh ayahnya
* Nominated first heir by his father Harun al-Rashid, after the death of his father in 809, he succeeded him.
* Gagal menyingkirkan saudara tirinya, Abdallah al-Ma'mun, dari garis suksesi.
* He tried to remove his half-brother [[Al-Ma'mun|Abdallah al-Ma'mun]] from line of succession. In 811, a Civil war of the [[Fourth Fitna]] began. Al-Amin was deposed and killed at the [[Siege of Baghdad (812–813)|Siege of Baghdad]].
* Pada tahun 811 terjadi perang saudara Fitna Keempat, berakhir dengan terbunuhnya Al-Amin dalam Pengepungan Baghdad.
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|7
Baris 91:
* [[Marajil|Umm Abdallah Marajil]]
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* Dinominasikan sebagai putra mahkota kedua setelah Al-Amin.
* Nominated second heir by his father. His half-brother al-Amin tried to remove him as heir. He overthrow al-Amin and succeeded his half-brother al-Amin after a civil war in 813. Victor of the civil war.
* Menggulingkan Al-Amin setelah perang saudara pada tahun 813.
* Launch of the [[Graeco-Arabic translation movement|Translation Movement]], major revamp of the [[House of Wisdom]], and systematic support of scholars for the gathering and translation of knowledge from various civilizations.
* Menginisiasi Gerakan Penerjemahan, perombakan besar-besaran Bait Al-Hikmah (Rumah Kebijaksanaan), dan dukungan struktural bagi para cendekiawan.
* During his reign, Caliphate expanded its rule in [[List of islands in the Mediterranean|Mediterranean Islands]] especially with Establishment of the [[Emirate of Crete]] (824/827) and Start of the [[Muslim conquest of Sicily]] (827)
* Memperluas wilayah kekuasaan hingga Kepulauan Mediterania, ditandai berdirinya Emirat Kreta (824/827) dan penaklukan Sisilia (827).
* By the end of al-Ma'mun's reign in 833, [[Ahmad ibn Abi Du'ad|Ibn Abi Du'ad]] had become a close associate of the caliph, and on his deathbed al-Ma'mun recommended to his brother and successor al-Mu'tasim that he admit Ibn Abi Du'ad to his circle of advisors.<ref>{{harvnb|Hurvitz|2002|p=124}}; {{harvnb|Zetterstéen|Pellat|1960|p=271}}; {{harvnb|Al-Tabari|1985–2007|loc=v. 32: pp. 229-30}}; {{harvnb|Ibn Khallikan|1842|p=65}}.</ref>
* Di akhir usianya, sekitar tahun 833 mulai dekat dengan qadi Mu'tazilah [[Ahmad bin Abi Du'ad]], dan menyarankan kepada adiknya, Al-Mu'tasim, agar memasukkan Ahmad bin Abi Du'ad ke dalam lingkaran penasihat kekhalifahan.<ref>{{harvnb|Hurvitz|2002|p=124}}; {{harvnb|Zetterstéen|Pellat|1960|p=271}}; {{harvnb|Al-Tabari|1985–2007|loc=v. 32: pp. 229-30}}; {{harvnb|Ibn Khallikan|1842|p=65}}.</ref>
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|8
Baris 104 ⟶ 105:
* [[Maridah bint Shabib]], kemungkinan dari wilayah [[Sughd Region|Sughd]]
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* HisMenurut brother, Al-Ma'mun had made no official provisions for his succession. According to the account ofcatatan al-Tabari, ondi hisranjang deathbedkematiannya al-Ma'mun dictatedmendiktekan asepucuk lettersurat nominatingyang hismencalonkan brothersaudaranya, rather than his son alAl-AbbasMu'tasim, assebagai hispenerus; successorbukan putranya. {{sfn|Bosworth|1987|pp=222–223, 225}}
* Pembentukan ''[[ghilman]]'' (pasukan militer dari kalangan budak).
* Establishment of the [[Turkic peoples|Turkish]] ''[[ghilman]]'' in positions of power. Militarization and centralization of the administration.
* Secara resmi Abbasiyah mulai mendukung [[Muktazilah]]
* The start of official support for [[Mu'tazilism]], institution of the ''[[mihna]]'' from in 833. under Abbasid official [[Ahmad ibn Abi Du'ad]].
* Didirikan lembaga prosekusi ''[[Mihna]]'' pada tahun 833 di bawah qadi Muktazilah [[Ahmad bin Abi Du'ad]].
* Founder of [[Samarra]] city. He moved the [[Abbasid Samarra|capital to Samarra]] in 836.
* Pendiri ibukota [[Samarra]]: memindahkan ibukota Abbasiyah ke Samarra pada tahun 836.
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|9
Baris 117 ⟶ 119:
* [[Qaratis]], dari Yunani (selir)
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* Ditunjuk sebagai putra mahkota oleh ayahnya
* When his father, al-Mu'tasim took care for his son and heir to acquire experience in governance.
* Al-Wathiq meninggal karena sakit [[edema|sembap]].{{sfn|Kennedy|2006|p=232}}
* Nominated heir by his father. Al-Wathiq succeeded his father and ruled as Caliph for six years.
* Al-Wathiq died as the result of [[dropsy]], while being seated in an oven in an attempt to cure it.{{sfn|Kennedy|2006|p=232}}
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|10
Baris 129 ⟶ 130:
* [[Shuja al-Khwarazmi|Umm Ja'far Shuja]]
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* AsSejak amuda, youngsebagai princepangeran, hesudah wasdiangkat appointedsebagai as [[Amir''amir al-hajj]]'' by his brotheroleh Al-Wathiq inpada tahun 842 and he remained a Courtier under his brother's reign.
* Kembali ke ortodoksi tradisional dan mengakhiri dukungan Abbasiyah kepada [[Muktazilah]] dengan menghapus lembaga [[Mihna]] .
* End of official support for [[Mu'tazilism]], abolition of the [[mihna|miḥnah]] (848/851). Return to traditional orthodoxy.
* Dibunuh oleh para pengawalnya dengan dukungan dari putranya [[Al-Muntasir]].
* Al-Mutawakkil was the last great Abbasid caliph; after his death the dynasty would fall into a decline. He was Assassinated by his guards with support of his son [[al-Muntasir]].
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|11
Baris 141 ⟶ 142:
* Hubshiya, dari Yunani (selir)
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* ReignedMemerintah during theselama [[AnarchyKerusuhan atdi Samarra]] pasca kudeta terhadap ayahnya.
* Menandai awal mula kemunduran Kekhalifahan Abbasiyah
* Caliph al-Mutawakkil (847–861) had created a plan of succession that would allow his sons to inherit the caliphate after his death; he would be succeeded first by his eldest son, [[al-Muntasir]], then by [[al-Mu'tazz]] and third by al-Mu'ayyad.<ref>Bosworth, "Mu'tazz," p. 793</ref> However, Al-Muntasir tried to change it and he almost succeeded in it.
* Seperti kebanyakan khalifah Abbasiyah sebelumnya, ia mempertahankan untuk membiayai kaum kerabatnya dari [[Bani Hasyim]].
* Decline of the Abbasid Caliphate
* Just like most Abbasid caliphs, He provided endowments to his kins [[Banu Hashim]].
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|12
Baris 154:
* Makhariq, selir dari [[Sicily|Sisilia]]
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* ReignedMemerintah during theselama [[AnarchyKerusuhan atdi Samarra]].
* FledMelarikan todiri ke Baghdad inpada tahun 865, beginning ofawal thedari [[AbbasidPerang civilsaudara warAbbasiyah (865–866)|FifthFitnah FitnaKelima (civilperang warsaudara)]].
* [[AbbasidPerang civilsaudara warAbbasiyah (865–866)|AbbasidPerang Caliphatesaudara civilKekhalifahan warAbbasiyah]] (865–866). ThePerang war betweenantara [[Al-Musta'in]] anddan [[Al-Mu'tazz]]. ItPerang endedini whenberakhir ketika Al-Mu'tazz becamemenjadi CaliphKhalifah inpada tahun 866.
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|13
Baris 166:
* Sabiha ([[Qabiha]]), dari Yunani (selir)
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* ReignedMemerintah during theselama [[AnarchyKerusuhan atdi Samarra]].
* Pemerintahan Al-Mu'tazz (866–869) menandai puncak kemunduran otoritas pusat Khilafah, dan puncak kecenderungan otonom yang diekspresikan melalui munculnya dinasti-dinasti otonom.
* Al-Mu'tazz's reign (866–869) marks the apogee of the decline of the Caliphate's central authority, and the climax of centrifugal tendencies, expressed through the emergence of the autonomous dynasties.
* Digulingkan oleh perwira militer Turki.
* Deposed by the Turkic military officers.
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|14
Baris 178:
* Qurb, dari Yunani (selir)
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* ReignedMemerintah during theselama [[AnarchyKerusuhan atdi Samarra]].
* AsSebagai a rulerpenguasa, alAl-Muhtadi soughtberusaha tomeniru emulatekhalifah the Umayyad caliphUmayyah [[Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz]],{{sfn|Zetterstéen|Bosworth|1993|pp=476–477}} widelyyang consideredsecara aluas modeldianggap Islamicsebagai rulerpemimpin Islam teladan. {{sfn|Cobb|2000|pp=821–822}}
* Dibunuh oleh militer Turki.
* Assassinated by the Turkish military. End of Anarchy at Samarra.
* Akhir Kerusuhan di Samarra.
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|15
Baris 190 ⟶ 191:
* Fityan, wanita Yunani dan selir dari [[Kufa]]
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* Pemerintahan Al-Mu'tamid menandai berakhirnya "Kerusuhan di Samarra" dan dimulainya pemulihan kekuasaan Abbasiyah.
* Al-Mu'tamid's reign marks the end of the "Anarchy at Samarra" and the start of the Abbasid restoration. His brother was Commander-in-chief al-Muwaffaq, who held the loyalty of the military and had great influence over him.
* Menetapkan saudaranya, Al-Muwaffaq, sebagai Panglima Tertinggi; Al-Muwaffaq memegang kesetiaan politik dan memiliki pengaruh besar terhadapnya.
* Start of the "Abbasid revival". Repulse of the [[Saffarids]] rebellion and subjugation of the [[Zanj Revolt]].
* Dimulainya "kebangkitan kekuasaan Abbasiyah". Penolakan terhadap pemberontakan [[Saffariyah]] dan penaklukan [[Pemberontakan Zanj]].
* Establishment of the autonomous [[Tulunid dynasty]] in Egypt, Gradual decline of Abbasid rule in [[Transoxiana]], Persia, [[Arab Sind|Sind and Punjab]], North Africa, [[Middle East]] and [[Arabia]].
* Pembentukan [[Dinasti Tulunid]] yang otonom di Mesir, Penurunan bertahap kekuasaan Abbasiyah di [[Transoxiana]], Persia, [[Sind Arab|Sind dan Punjab]], Afrika Utara, [[Timur Tengah]] dan [[Arab]].
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|16
Baris 202 ⟶ 204:
* Dirar (Hariz), wanita Yunani (selir)
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* Ia adalah keponakan [[Al-Mu'tamid]], dan naik tahta setelah menyingkirkan sepupunya sebagai ahli waris.
* He was the nephew of [[Al-Mu'tamid]], He added his name in line of succession and removed his cousin as heir. After his uncle death his succeeded him.
* Al-Mu'tadid hadmewarisi inheritedbakat hisayahnya father'ssebagai giftspenguasa asdan aterkenal rulerkarena andekonomi wasdan distinguishedkemampuan alike for his economy and his military abilitymiliternya, becomingmenjadi "onesalah ofsatu theyang greatestterhebat ofdi theantara AbbasidsAbbasiyah inmeskipun spiteia ofkeras his strictnesskepala."{{sfn|Zetterstéen|1987|p=777}}
* Height of thePuncak "Abbasidkebangkitan revivalAbbasiyah". Recovery ofPemulihan [[al-Jazira (caliphalprovinsi provincekhalifah)|Jazira]], [[Thughur]], [[Jibal]].
* ReturnKembalinya ofibu thekota capital toke Baghdad anddan startdimulainya ofaktivitas thedan penyerangan misionaris [[Qarmatian]] missionary activity and raids.
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|17
Baris 215 ⟶ 217:
* [[Jijak]], wanita Turkik (selir)
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* NominatedDitunjuk heirsebagai byputra hismahkota fatheroleh ayahnya, CaliphKhalifah Al-Mu'tadid.
* Al-Mu'tadid tookberupaya care to preparemempersiapkan Ali alAl-Muktafi, hisputra oldesttertua sondan and heirpewarisnya, for the succession byuntuk appointingsuksesi himdengan asmengangkatnya asebagai provincialgubernur governorprovinsi: firstpertama indi Rayy, Qazvin, Qum anddan Hamadan.
* Selama masa pemerintahannya, Abbasiyah sepenuhnya merebut kembali Mesir dan Suriah dari [[Tulunid]]. Akhir dari "kebangkitan Abbasiyah".
* During his reign Abbasids completely recovered Egypt and Syria from the [[Tulunids]]. End of the "Abbasid revival".
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|18
Baris 227 ⟶ 229:
* [[Shaghab]], dari Yunani (selir)
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* Khalifah termuda dalam sejarah Abbasiyah: saat Al-Muktafi meninggal muda, ia naik takhta pada usia 13 tahun.
* He was nominated heir by his half-brother [[Al-Muktafi]], however, Al-Muktafi died young and Al-Muqtadir came to the throne at the age of 13, the youngest Caliph in Abbasid history and Islamic History.
* Terjadi kontestasi gelar khalifah di masa pemerintahannya: [[Abdullah al-Mahdi Billah|Al-Mahdi Billah]] dari [[Kekhalifahan Fatimiyah|Fatimiyah]] (sejak 909 M) dan [[Abd al-Rahman III]] dari [[Kekhalifahan Córdoba|Córdoba]] (sejak 929 M).
* Unsuccessful usurpation attempt in favour of [[Abdallah ibn al-Mu'tazz]] (908).
* Periode pertama pemerintahannya bertahan 21 tahun.
* Caliphal title also claimed by [[Abdullah al-Mahdi Billah|al-Mahdi Billah]] of the [[Fatimid Caliphate|Fatimids]] from 909 and [[Abd al-Rahman III]] of [[Caliphate of Córdoba|Córdoba]] from 929.
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|19
Baris 239 ⟶ 241:
* Fitnah, wanita Berber (selir)
|
* FirstPeriode reignpertama pemerintahannya hanya bertahan dua hari; installeddia bydilantik theoleh commander-in-chiefpanglima tertinggi [[Mu'nis al-Muzaffar]] for a two days.
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|(18)
Baris 249 ⟶ 251:
* [[Shaghab]]
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* Periode kedua pemerintahan Al-Muqtadir, setelah sempat diambil alih oleh Al-Qahir.
* Second reign
* Kota suci Mekah dan Madinah diambil alih sekte Ismaili [[Qaramitah|Karmatian]] pada 930 M.
* [[Qarmatian]] sack of [[Mecca]] and [[Medina]] (930).
* KilledTerbunuh indalam battle before Baghdad againstpertempuran [[Mu'nis al-Muzaffar]].
|-
|(19)
Baris 261 ⟶ 263:
* Fitnah, wanita Berber (selir)
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* Periode kedua pemerintahan Al-Qahir: terjadi setelah saudaranya, Al-Muqtadir, terbunuh.
* Second reign
* Selang dua tahun, pada 31 Oktober 932 kekuasaannya digulingkan.
* After his brother was killed, he succeeded him as Caliph.
* In 31 Oktober 932 he was deposed.
|-
|20
Baris 273 ⟶ 274:
* Thaloum, wanita Berber (selir)
|
* OriginallyPewaris nominated heir by his fathertahta Al-Muqtadir. After,tetapi thebaru deathbisa ofnaik histahta unclesetelah pamannya, Al-Qahir, he succeeded himmeninggal.
* Al-Radi dianggap khalifah sesungguhnya dari Abbasiyah karena beberapa alasan: khalifah terakhir yang jadi khatib Jumat, khalifah terakhir yang membuka diri terhadap ulama dan filsuf untuk mendapat masukan, khalifah terakhir yang membagikan sedekah, dan khalifah terakhir yang meredam kekejaman para perwira militer.
* Al-Radi is commonly spoken of as the last of the real Caliphs: the last to deliver orations at the Friday service, to hold assemblies with philosophers to discuss the questions of the day, or to take counsel on the affairs of State; the last to distribute largess among the needy, or to interpose to temper the severity of cruel officers.
|-
|21
Baris 284 ⟶ 285:
* Khalub Zahrah, concubine
|
* Dipilih sebagai khalifah oleh para perwira militer.
* Beginning of the later Abbasid period.
* Digulingkan oleh ''[[amir al-umara|amīr al-umarāʾ]]'' [[Tuzun (amir al-umara)|Tuzun]].
* He was chosen by Military officers after the death of his brother Caliph Al-Radi.
* Overthrown and blinded by the ''[[amir al-umara|amīr al-umarāʾ]]'' [[Tuzun (amir al-umara)|Tuzun]].
|-
|22
Baris 296:
* Ghusn (Amlah al-Nas, selir)
|
* InstalledDiangkat bysebagai thekhalifah ''[[amir al-umara|amīr al-umarāʾ]]''oleh [[Tuzun (amir al-umara)|Tuzun]].
* Digulingkan oleh [[Dinasti Buwaihi]] yang mengambil alih Baghdad.
* Deposed and blinded after the [[Buyid]] takeover of Baghdad and Iraq.
|-
|23
|29 Januari 946 – 5 Agustus 974
|[[Al-Muti|'''Al-Muthīʿ''']]
|Abū'l-Qāsim al-Faḍhl
Baris 307:
* Shaghla, wanita Sisilia (selir)
|
* Diangkat sebagai khalifah oleh [[Amir al-umara|Amir]] [[Mu'izz al-Dawla]] dari [[Dinasti Buwaihi|Buwaihi]].
* He succeeded his cousin Al-Mustakfi, during his reign Buyids influence grew.
* Di akhir pemerintahannya, beberapa wilayah lepas seperti Mesir, Palestina, dan Hijaz.
* Installed by the [[Buyid]] [[Amir al-umara|Amir]] [[Mu'izz al-Dawla]].
* Terkena stroke pada tahun 970: dipaksa mundur karena alasan kesehatan dan digantikan al-Ta'i pada 5 Agustus 974.
* During the last years of his reign, Abbasids completely lost Egypt, Palestine and Hejaz.
* Increasingly incapacitated by a partial paralysis that had begun following a stroke in 970, al-Muti was now induced to abdicate with his health as a pretext, and was replaced by his son Abd al-Karim, as al-Ta'i (r. 974–991), on 5 Agustus.
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|24
Baris 320 ⟶ 319:
* Utb al-Rumiyah
|
* Di masa pemerintahannya, Syria diperebutkan oleh faksi Fatimiyah dan Karmatian; sementara Dinasti Buwaihi saling berebut kekuasaan sesama mereka.
* He was nominated heir by his father Al-Muti and his father Abdicated for his son became of partial paralysis that had begun following a stroke in 970.
* Kaisar Bizantium, John Tzimisces, pada kurun 974-975 merebut wilayah Antioch, Damaskus, dan beberapa kota di Syiria lainnya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=John I Tzimisces {{!}} Byzantine Empire, Military Campaigns, Iconoclasm {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-I-Tzimisces|website=www.britannica.com|language=en|access-date=2024-10-16}}</ref>
* During his reign, Syria was torn by contending factions — Fatimid and Carmathian; while the Buyīds was split up into parties that were fighting among themselves. To top this all off, the Byzantine Emperor John Tzimisces stormed the east in a victorious campaign in 975. After holding the office for seventeen years, aṭ-Ṭaʼiʻ was deposed in 991.
* DeposedDigulingkan byoleh theemir Buyid [[Amir al-umara|Amir]]Buwaihi, [[Baha' al-Dawla]].
|-
|25
Baris 332 ⟶ 331:
* Tumna (selir)
|
* Digulingkan oleh emir [[Dinasti Buwaihi|Buwaihi]], [[Baha' al-Dawla]].
* He succeeded his cousin, Caliph Al-Ta'i.
* Selama masa pemerintahannya, dia memberikan gelar "sultan" kepada para penguasa muslim; para sultan ini kemudian menjadi wakil agama kekhalifahan Abbasiyah berikutnya.
* Installed by the [[Buyid]] [[Amir al-umara|Amir]] [[Baha' al-Dawla]].
* Menegakkan ortodoksi Sunni, yang ditandai dengan keputusan mengeluarkan [[Manifesto Baghdad]].
* During his reign, he granted the title Sultan to Muslim rulers. The sultans were religious deputy of the all later Abbasid Caliphs.
* Upholding of Sunni orthodoxy; publication of the [[Baghdad Manifesto]].
|-
|26
|29 November 1031 – 2 April 1075
|'''[[Al-Qa'im (Khalifah Abbasiyah)|Al-Qāʾim]]'''
|Abu Ja'far Abdallah
|
Baris 345 ⟶ 343:
* Badr al-Dija (Qatr al-Nida), wanita Armenia (selir)
|
* Akhir [[Kekhalifahan Kordoba]] di Andalusia (1031), Kerajaan [[Murabithun|Al-Murabitun]] akhirnya mengakui kekhalifahan Abasyiyah pada 1062.
* End and disintegration of the [[Caliphate of Córdoba]] (1031).
* Start[[Dinasti ofSeljuk|Dinasti Seljuk influenceTurkik]] ofdi Baghdad by thebawah [[Seljuk TurksTughril]] undermengakhiri dominasi [[TughrilDinasti Buwaihi]] (indi 1055),Baghdad endpada of1075; Buyid influence.Khalifah Al-Qa'im grantedmemberikan thegelar title [[Sultan]]sultan tokepada Tughril, [[Alp Arslan]], anddan [[Malik ShahSyah I]].
* The [[Almoravid dynasty|Almoravids]] recognize the Abbasid caliph's religious and nominal authority (c. 1062).
|-
|27
Baris 354 ⟶ 351:
|Abū'l-Qāsim ʿAbd Allāh
|
* [[Muhammad ibn al-Qa'im|Muhammad ibnu al-Qa'im]], salah satu pangeran Abbasiyah
* Urjuwuan, wanita Armenia (selir)<ref>Bennison, Amira K. (2009) ''The Great Caliphs: The Golden Age of the 'Abbasid Empire''. Princeton: Yale University Press, p. 47. {{ISBN|0300167989}}</ref>
* Urjuwuan, wanita Armenia (selir)
|
* Diakui sebagai khalifah oleh sultan Selkuk Malik Syah I
* He was born to Abbasid prince [[Muhammad ibn al-Qa'im|Muhammad Dhakirat]] and an [[Armenians|Armenian]] Umm walad.<ref>Bennison, Amira K. (2009) ''The Great Caliphs: The Golden Age of the 'Abbasid Empire''. Princeton: Yale University Press, p. 47. {{ISBN|0300167989}}</ref>
* Kekuasaannya diakui oleh seluruh sultan Seljuk.
* He was honored by the Seljuk sultan Malik-Shah I, during whose reign the Caliphate was recognized throughout the extending range of Seljuk Sultanate. Hejaz, with the Holy Cities, now recovered from the Fatimids, acknowledged again the spiritual jurisdiction of the Abbasids.
* Hijaz, berikut kota suci Mekah dan Madinah, direbut kembali dari Dinasti Fatimiyah dan mengakui Kekhalifahan Abbasiyah.
|-
|28
Baris 368 ⟶ 366:
* Taif Al-Afwah, orang Mesir (selir)
|
* Menggantikan ayahnya sebagai khalifah dan termasuk khalifah terkemuka di era Abbasiyah akhir.
* He succeeded his father as Caliph. He was the notable Caliph of the later Abbasid Era.
* Kemunculan [[Perang Salib Pertama|Tentara Salib I]] untuk pertama kalinya di Levant, Syria.
* The appearance of the [[First Crusade]] in Syria. He his known for contributing to [[Mawdud]]'s struggling against crusades to reconquer Muslim lands of Levant coastline.
* Membantu [[Mawdud]] untuk menghadapi Tentara Salib dalam perang di pesisir Levant.
|-
|29
Baris 379 ⟶ 378:
* Lubaba, dari Slavia (selir)
|
* Menggantikan ayahnya, dan dikenal sebagai salah satu khalifah akhir yang terkenal; dia juga dikenal sebagai penyair.
* He succeeded his father as Caliph. He was a notable Caliph of Later Abbasid Era and he was also an Arabic poet.
* Al-Mustarshid deposedmemecat and imprisoned his vizierwakilnya Amid al-dawlaDawla Jalal al-Din Hasan ibn Ali.; Onesetahun yearkemudian laterjuga hememecat alsowazirnya deposed [[Ahmad ibn Nizam al-Mulk]] as his vizier.
* FoundationPada ofmasa thepemerintahannya, [[AlmohadDinasti Caliphate|Almohad Empire]] inlahir thedi [[Maghreb]] (1121). The Almohads were anti-Abbasids.
|-
|30
Baris 391 ⟶ 390:
* Khushf, dari Irak (selir)
|
* Menggantikan ayahnya sebagai khalifah.
* Nominated heir by his father, After the assassination of his father he succeeded him.
* Digulingkan Sultan Seljuk [[Ghiyath ad-Din Mas'ud|Ghiyats Mas'ud]] dan melarikan diri ke Isfahan, kemudian terbunuh pada Juni 1138 oleh asasin dari Syiah Nizariah.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Daftary |first1=Farhad |title=The Isma'ilis: Their History and Doctrines |date=1992 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-42974-0 |page=384 |language=en}}</ref>
* Deposed by the Seljuk Sultan [[Ghiyath ad-Din Mas'ud]].
* Al-Rashid Billah was deposed by seljuks and he fled to [[Isfahan (city)|Isfahan]] where he was assassinated by a team of four Shia [[Order of Assassins|Nizari Ismailis (Assassins)]] in Juni 1138. This was celebrated in [[Alamut Castle|Alamut]] for a week.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Daftary |first1=Farhad |title=The Isma'ilis: Their History and Doctrines |date=1992 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-42974-0 |page=384 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|31
Baris 403 ⟶ 401:
* Ashin, orang Syria (selir)
|
* Paman dari [[Ar-Rasyid|Al-Rāsyid]], untuk sementara berhasil menggalang pasukan di era akhir Abasiyah setelah sebelumnya bertumpu pada Seljuq.
* He was the brother of caliph [[Al-Mustarshid]] and uncle of [[Al-Rashid Billah]].
* [[Siege of Baghdad (1157)]] oleh Seljuq gagal dan mengembalikan peran politik dan militer Abasiyah.
* Al-Muqtafi successfully established an army during the later Abbasid era. (Previously Caliphs were militarily dependent on [[Seljuk dynasty|Seljuks]].
* [[Siege of Baghdad (1157)]] by the Seljuks fails. Restoration of the Caliph's political and military influence of Later Abbasids.
|-
|32
Baris 415 ⟶ 412:
* Thawus (selir)
|
* HeMenggantikan succeeded his fatherayahnya, Al-Muqtafi.
|-
|33
Baris 425 ⟶ 422:
* Ghadha, dari Armenia (selir)
|
* Hidup dari membuat selimut yang diberi emblem namanya, yang dijual oleh pembantunya di pasar.
* Al-Mustadi succeeded his father Caliph Al-Mustanjid.
* Otoritasnya sebagai pemimpin politik dan agama diakui di seluruh Timur Tengah
* He enjoys nothing but what he earns by the labor of his own hands, and therefore manufactures coverlets, which he stamps with his seal, and which his officers sell in the public market.
* [[Salahuddin Ayyubi]] mengakui kekuasaanya; dan Khalifah Al-Mustadi memberinya gelar "sultan" serta wewenang mengurus 3 kota suci, yakni [[Makkah]], [[Madinah]] dan [[Yerusalem]].
* His political and religious authority was recognized throughout Middle East especially by Saladin ruler of Egypt. Caliph Al-Mustadi granted Saladin the title Sultan. Also gave him authority over holy cities; [[Mecca]], [[Medina]] and [[Jerusalem]].
* Dinasti Fatimiyah di Mesir berakhir tahun 1171, digantikan [[Salahuddin Ayyubi]].
* End of the [[Fatimid Caliphate]] in 1171, restoration of Abbasid authority in Egypt under [[Saladin]].
|-
|34
Baris 438 ⟶ 435:
* [[Sayyida Zumurrud Khatun|Sayyida Zumurrud]]
|
* [[SiegePengepungan of JerusalemYerusalem (1187)|RecoveryPengepungan of JerusalemYerusalem]] from the Crusaders (1187) byoleh [[SaladinSalahuddin Ayyubi]].
* Khalifah Abbasiyah terakhir yang memiliki otoritas kuat.
* Al-Nasir was the influential Caliph of the Later Abbasid era.
* According to historian Angelika Hartmann, Al-Nasir was the last effective Abbasid caliph<ref>{{cite book |first=Eric J. |last=Hanne |title=Putting the Caliph in His Place: Power, Authority, and the Late Abbasid Caliphate |publisher=Fairleigh Dickinson University Press |year=2007 |page=204 |isbn=978-0-8386-4113-2 }}</ref> of Later Abbasid Caliphate.
* His political and religious authority was recognized throughout [[Middle East]] especially in territory of [[Ayyubid dynasty]] of [[Saladin]].
|-
|35
Baris 451 ⟶ 446:
* ''Asma''
|
* Meninggal pada 10 Juli 1226, hanya sembilan bulan setelah naik tahta.
* He was nominated as heir in 1189. He succeeded his father.
* Mongol mulai muncul di bagian timur Dunia Islam; dan dalam masa pemerintahannya yang singkat, ia menurunkan pajak dan membangun pasukan untuk bersiap melawan invasi Mongol.
* In his short reign, he lowered the taxes, and built a strong army to resist invasions. He died on 10 Juli 1226, nine months after his accession.
* During his short reign he saw disastrous Mongol Invasion in parts of Eastern Islamic World.
|-
|36
Baris 463 ⟶ 457:
* Zahra, orang Turkik (selir)
|
* Dalam masa pemerintahannya, Dunia Islam Timur diserbu oleh bangsa Mongol. Kota-kota besar seperti Bukhara, Samarkand dihancurkan.
* He succeeded his father caliph Al-Zahir.
* Al-Mustansir was the penultimate Caliph of the later Abbasid era.
* During his reign Eastern Islamic World was invaded by Mongols. The great cities like [[Bukhara]], [[Samarkand]] were destroyed and millions of Muslims were killed.
|-
|37
Baris 475 ⟶ 467:
* Hajer, dari Abisinia (selir)
|
* Memerintah selama 15 tahun, 2 bulan, dan 15 hari, dan menjadi khalifah terakhir Abbasiyah.
* Last Abbasid caliph of Later Abbasid Era
* Meninggal dengan cara dieksekusi oleh tentara Mongol pasca [[Pengepungan Bagdad|Pengepungan Bagdad pada 1258]].
* End of the [[Abbasid dynasty]]. Al-Musta'sim was the last known recognised Muslim caliph. His death marked the complete end of the Caliphate as a political and religious entity in the Middle East.
* Executed after the [[Siege of Baghdad (1258)|Mongol sack of Baghdad]], he ruled for a period of 15 years 2 months and 15 days.
|-
|}
Baris 495 ⟶ 486:
|1
|13 Juni 1261 – 28 November 1261
|[[Al-Mustanshir II|'''alAl-MustanshirMustansyir II''']]
|Abū'l-Qāsim Aḥmad
|
Baris 501 ⟶ 492:
* Ummu Ahmad (selir)
|
* Pendiri Kekhalifahan MamlukAbbasiyah di Kairo di bawah naungan penguasa Kesultanan Mamluk [[Baibars]].
* Diangkat sebagai Khalifah Abbasiyah di Kairo oleh Sultan Mamluk Baibars pada tahun 1261; gelar yang sama diklaim oleh al-Hakim I yang diangkat sebagai khalifah oleh penguasa Aleppo, Aqqush al-Burli.
* Pada tahun 1261, Dinasti Abbasiyah Akhir digantikan oleh Khalifah Kesultanan Mamluk di Kairo.
* Diangkat sebagai Khalifah Abbasiyah di Kairo, Mesir oleh Sultan Mamluk Baibars pada tahun 1261; gelar yang sama diklaim oleh al-Hakim I yang diangkat sebagai khalifah oleh penguasa Aleppo, Aqqush al-Burli.
|-
|2
|16 November 1262 – 19 Januari 1302
|[[Al-Hakim I (Kairo)|'''alAl-Ḥākim''' bi-Amri'llāh '''I''']]
|Abū'l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad
|
* Abu Ali Hasan ibnbin Abu Bakr ibnbin Hasan
|
* Keturunan Abbasiyah diperdebatkan; diangkat sebagai khalifah oleh penguasa Aleppo, [[Aqqush al-Burli]], pada 1261, diproklamasikan sebagai khalifah oleh [[Baibar]] setelah kematian [[Al-Mustanshir II|al-Mustansir II]].
* Founder of Mamluk Caliphate under Mamluk ruler [[Baibars|Baybars]]'s auspices.
* Di Andalusia, Dinasti Muwahhidun jatuh pada 1269.
* Abbasid descent disputed; installed as caliph by ruler of Aleppo, [[Aqqush al-Burli]], in 1261, proclaimed as caliph by [[Baibars|Baybars]] after [[Al-Mustanshir II|al-Mustansir II]] died.
* Fall of the Almohad Caliphate in 1269.
|-
|3
|20 Januari 1302 – Februari 1340
|[[Al-Mustakfi II|'''alAl-Mustakfī''' bi-llāh '''III''']]
|Abū ar-Rabīʾ Sulaymān
|
* [[Al-Hakim I (Kairo)|Al-Hakim I]]
|
* Menggantikan ayahnya dan menjadi Khalifah Abbasiyah di Kairo.
* He succeeded his father as the third caliph for the [[Kesultanan Mamluk (Kairo)|Mamluk Sultanate]]
|-
|4
|Februari 1340 – 17 Juni 1341
|[[Al-Watsiq II|'''alAl-Wāthiq''' bi-'llāh '''III''']]
|Abū ʾIsḥāq ʾIbrāhīm
|
* Ahmad ibn al-Hakim, (son ofputra [[Al-Hakim I (Kairo)|alAl-Hakim I]])
|
* HeCucu was a grandson ofdari [[Al-Hakim I (Kairo)|Al-Hakim I]], menggantikan pamannya dan menjadi Khalifah Abbasiyah di Kairo.
* He was the son of Ahmad ibn [[Al-Hakim I (Kairo)|al-Hakim]]
* He succeeded his uncle as the fourth Caliph for the [[Kesultanan Mamluk (Kairo)|Mamluk Sultanate]].
|-
|5
|1341 – 1352
|[[Al-Hakim II|'''alAl-Ḥākim''' bi-Amri'llāh '''II''']]
|Abū'l-ʿAbbas ʾAḥmad
|
* [[Al-Mustakfi II|Al-Mustakfi I]]
|
* Menggantikan sepupunya; menjadi khalifah Khalifah Abbasiyah di Kairo.
* He succeeded his cousin as the fifth caliph for the [[Kesultanan Mamluk (Kairo)|Mamluk Sultanate]]
|-
|6
|1352 – 1362
|'''[[Al-Mu'tadhid|Al-Muʿtadhid]]'''
|<nowiki><b id="mwBA4">al-Muʿtaḍid</b></nowiki> bi-'llāh <nowiki><b id="mwBA8">I</b></nowiki>
|Abū al-Fatḥ Abū Bakr
|
* [[Al-Mustakfi II|Al-Mustakfi I]]
|
* Menggantikan kakaknya; menjadi khalifah Khalifah Abbasiyah di Kairo.
* He succeeded his brother as the sixth caliph for the Mamluk Sultanate.
|-
|7
|1362 – 1377
|[[Al-Mutawakkil I|'''alAl-Mutawakkil''' ʿalā'llāh '''I''']]
|Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad
|
* Al-Mu'tadid I
|
* Era pertama pemerintahan Al-Mutawakkil I; berseteru sengan Al-Musta'syim II.
* First reign
* Pada tahun 1377 digulingkan Al-Musta'syim II.
* He succeeded his father as the seventh caliph for the Mamluk Sultanate
* In 1377 he was deposed.
|-
|8
|1377
|[[Al-Musta'shim II|'''alAl-MustaʿṣimMustaʿsyim II''' bi-'llāh]]
|Abū Yaḥya Zakarīyāʾ
|
* [[Al-Watsiq II|Al-Wathiq I]]
|
* Era pertama pemerintahan Al-Musta'syim II, setelah mengalahkan Al-Mutawakkil I.
* First reign
* He succeeded as the eighth caliph for the Mamluk Sultanate of Cairo.
|-
|(7)
|1377 – 1383
|[[Al-Mutawakkil I|'''alAl-Mutawakkil''' ʿalā'llāh '''I''']]
|Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad
|
|
* Era kedua pemerintahan Al-Mutawakkil I, setelah menggantikan Al-Musta'syim II.
* Second reign
|-
|9
|September 1383 – 13 November 1386
|[[Al-Watsiq III|'''alAl-Wāthiq'''Wātsiq bi-'llāh '''IIIII''']]
|Abū Ḥafṣ ʿUmar
|
* [[Al-Watsiq II|Al-Wathiq I]]
|
* Menjadi khalifah kesembilan kekhalifahan Abbasiyah di Kairo.
* He succeeded as the ninth Caliph of Cairo for the [[Kesultanan Mamluk (Kairo)|Mamluk Sultanate]]
|-
|(8)
|1386 – 1389
|[[Al-Musta'shim II|'''alAl-MustaʿṣimMustaʿsyim II''' bi-'llāh]]
|Abū Yaḥya Zakarīyāʾ
|
|
* Era kedua pemerintahan Al-Musta'syim II.
* Second reign
|-
|(7)
|1389 – 9 Januari 1406
|[[Al-Mutawakkil I|'''alAl-Mutawakkil''' ʿalā'llāh '''I''']]
|Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad
|
|
* Era ketiga pemerintahan Al-Mutawakkil I.
* Third reign
|-
|10
|22 Januari 1406 – 9 Maret 1414
|'''[[Al-Musta'in (Kairo)|Al-Mustaʿīn]]'''
|<nowiki><b id="mwBHA">al-Mustaʿīn</b></nowiki> bi-'llāh
|Abū al-Faḍl al-ʿAbbas
|
* [[Al-Mutawakkil I]]
* Bay Khatun, [[Rumpun suku bangsawanita Turkik|Turkish]] concubine(selir)
|
* Menjadi khalifah kesepuluh Dinasti Abbasiyah di Kairo.
* He succeeded as the tenth Caliph for the Mamluk Sultanate in Cairo.
* BecameBerkuasa Sultandari of7 EgyptMei from1412 7 May –hingga 6 November 1412, as a titularsebagai figureheadtituler forbagi ShaykhSyeikh al-Mahmudi.
|-
|11
|1414 – 1441
|[[Al-Mu'tadhid III|'''alAl-Muʿtaḍid''' bi-'llāh '''IIMuʿtadhid''']] III
|Abū al-Fatḥ Dāwud
|
Baris 627 ⟶ 612:
* Kazal, [[Rumpun suku bangsa Turkik|Turkish]] concubine
|
* Menjadi khalifah kesebelas Dinasti Abbasiyah di Kairo.
* He succeeded as the eleventh caliph for the Mamluk Sultanate
|-
|12
|1441 – 29 Januari 1451
|[[Al-Mustakfi III|'''alAl-Mustakfī''' bi-llāh '''IIIII''']]
|Abū al-Rabīʿ Sulaymān
|
Baris 637 ⟶ 622:
* Bay Khatun
|
* Menggantikan saudaranya; menjadi khalifah keduabelas Dinasti Abbasiyah di Kairo.
* He succeeded his brother as the twelfth caliph for the Mamluk Sultanate of Cairo.
|-
|13
|1451 – 1455
|[[Al-Qa'im II|'''alAl-Qāʾim II''' bi-ʾamr Allāh]]
|Abū al-Baqāʾ Ḥamza
|
Baris 647 ⟶ 632:
* Bay Khatun
|
* Menggantikan saudaranya; menjadi khalifah ketigabelas Dinasti Abbasiyah di Kairo.
* He succeeded his brother as the thirteenth caliph of the Mamluk Sultanate
|-
|14
Baris 657 ⟶ 642:
* Bay Khatun
|
* Menggantikan saudaranya; menjadi khalifah keempatbelas Dinasti Abbasiyah di Kairo.
* He succeeded his brother as the fourteenth caliph for the Mamluk Sultanate
|-
|15
|5 April 1479 – 27 September 1497
|[[Al-Mutawakkil II|'''alAl-Mutawakkil''' ʿalā'llāh '''II''']]
|Abū al-ʿIzz ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz
|
Baris 667 ⟶ 652:
* Haj al-Malik
|
* HeCucu was the son of Ya'qub and Grandson ofdari [[Al-Mutawakkil I]]
* Menggantikan pamannya; menjadi khalifah ke-15 Dinasti Abbasiyah di Kairo.
* He succeeded his uncle as the fifteenth caliph for the Mamluk Sultanate
|-
|16
|1497 – 1508
|'''[[Al-Mustamsik|]]'''al-Mustamsik''' bi-'llāh]]
|Abū al-Ṣabr Yaqūb
|
* [[Al-Mutawakkil II]]
|
* Periode pertama pemerintahan Al-Mustamsik; naik tahta menggantikan ayahnya untuk menjadi khalifah ke-16 Dinasti Abbasiyah di Kairo.
* First reign
* He succeeded his father as the sixteenth caliph for the [[Kesultanan Mamluk (Kairo)|Mamluk Sultanate]]
|-
|17
|1508 – 1516
|'''[[Al-Mutawakkil III|]]'''al-Mutawakkil''' ʿalā'llāh '''III''']]
|Muḥammad
|
|
* Menggantikan ayahnya yang mundur; menjadi khalifah ke-17 Dinasti Abbasiyah di Kairo.
* First reign
* He succeeded his father as the seventeenth caliph for the [[Kesultanan Mamluk (Kairo)|Mamluk Sultanate]]
|-
|(16)
|1516 – 1517
|'''[[Al-Mustamsik|]]'''al-Mustamsik''' bi-'llāh]]
|Abū al-Ṣabr Yaqūb
|
|
* Kembali naik tahta untuk sesaat, menggantikan putranya, dari tahun 1516 to 1517.
* Second reign of al-Mustamsik
* He served as caliph twice, his first term from 1497 to 1508 and his second term from 1516 to 1517, when he abdicated the position to his son, [[Al-Mutawakkil III]]
|-
|(17)
|1517
|[[Al-Mutawakkil III|'''alAl-Mutawakkil''' ʿalā'llāh '''III''']]
|Muḥammad
|
|
* Kembali naik tahta, namun tidak lama.
* Second reign
* Pada tahun 1517, Sultan Utsmaniyah Selim I telah berhasil mengalahkan Kesultanan Mamluk, dan menjadikan Mesir sebagai bagian dari Kekaisaran Ottoman. Al-Mutawakkil III ditangkap bersama keluarganya dan diangkut ke Konstantinopel.
* He formally surrendered the title of caliph as well as its outward emblems—the sword and mantle of Muhammad—to Ottoman Sultan [[Selim I]] in 1517, making him the last caliph of the [[Kesultanan Mamluk (Kairo)|Egyptian based Caliphate]].
|}
 
Baris 714 ⟶ 696:
{{Reflist|30em}}
 
== Catatan Kaki ==
*  
* {{Cite book|last=Bobrick|first=Benson|date=2012|title=The Caliph's Splendor: Islam and the West in the Golden Age of Baghdad|publisher=Simon & Schuster|isbn=978-1416567622}}
* {{Cite book|last=Houtsma|first=M. Th.|last2=Wensinck|first2=A. J.|year=1993|title=[[Encyclopaedia of Islam|E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam 1913–1936]]|location=Leiden|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-09796-4|volume=IX|ref=Hou93}}
Baris 720 ⟶ 702:
* {{Cite book|last=Hurvitz|first=Nimrod|year=2002|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W5LxLkUYMTUC|title=The Formation of Hanbalism: Piety into Power|location=New York|publisher=Routledge|isbn=0-7007-1507-X}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia|encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Islam, New Edition, Volume I: A–B|publisher=BRILL|year=1960|isbn=90-04-08114-3}}
* {{Cite book|last=Al-Tabari|first=Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Jarir|date=1985–2007|title=The History of Al-Ṭabarī.|location=Albany, NY|publisher=State University of New York Press|editor-last=Ehsan Yar-Shater|volume=40 vols.|author-link=Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari}} 
*  
*  
* {{Cite book|last=Kennedy|first=Hugh|year=2006|url={{Google Books|67fZB5YGkOQC|plainurl=y}}|title=When Baghdad Ruled the Muslim World: The Rise and Fall of Islam's Greatest Dynasty|location=Cambridge, MA|publisher=Da Capo Press|isbn=978-0-306814808|author-link=Hugh N. Kennedy}}
*  
*  
* {{Cite encyclopedia|last=Zetterstéen|encyclopedia=E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913–1936, Volume VI: Morocco–Ruzzik|editor-first1=Martijn Theodoor|publisher=Brill|year=1987|isbn=978-90-04-08265-6}}
* Bennison, Amira K. (2009) The Great Caliphs: The Golden Age of the 'Abbasid Empire. Princeton: Yale University Press, p.&nbsp;47. <nowiki>ISBN 0300167989</nowiki>
Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Daftar_Khalifah_Abbasiyah"