Angkatan Udara Israel: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Infobox military unit
| unit_name = Angkatan Udara Israel
| image = [[Berkas:Israeli Air Force - Coat of arms.svg|150px]]
| caption =Lambang Angkatan Udara Israel
| start_date = 28 Mei 1948
| country = {{flag|Israel}}
| allegiance =
| branch =
| type = [[Angkatan udara]], [[peperangan antariksa]]
| role =
| size = 34,000 personil aktif<br>55,000 personil cadangan<br>684 pesawat<ref>{{cite web |url = https://d1fmezig7cekam.cloudfront.net/VPP/Global/Flight/Airline%20Business/AB%20home/Edit/WorldAirForces2015.pdf |title = Flightglobal – World Air Forces 2015 |access-date = 2021-12-20 |archive-date = 2014-12-19 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141219164437/https://d1fmezig7cekam.cloudfront.net/VPP/Global/Flight/Airline%20Business/AB%20home/Edit/WorldAirForces2015.pdf |dead-url = unfit }}</ref>
| command_structure = [[Pasukan Pertahanan Israel]]
| garrison =
[[HaKirya]], [[Tel Aviv]]| garrison_label =
Markas| equipment =
| equipment_label =
| nickname =
IAF| motto =
HaToviom LeTayis<br>''The Best -go to the Air Force''| colors =
| colors_label =
| march =
| mascot =
| battles =
[[Krisis Terusan Suez]] <br/>[[Perang Enam Hari]] <br/>[[Perang Yom Kippur]] <br/>[[Operation Cast Lead]]| anniversaries =
| decorations =
| battle_honours =
<!-- Commanders -->
| current_commander = [[Aluf]] [[Amikam Norkin]]
| current_commander_label = Panglima Tertinggi
| ceremonial_chief =
| ceremonial_chief_label =
| colonel_of_the_regiment =
| colonel_of_the_regiment_label =
| notable_commanders =
<!-- Insignia -->
| identification_symbol = [[Berkas:Flag of the Israeli Air Force.svg|center|110px]]
| identification_symbol_label = Bendera
| identification_symbol_2 = [[Berkas:IAF Pilot Wings (CGI version).png|center|110px]]
| identification_symbol_2_label = Brevet
| aircraft_attack = [[Boeing F-15E Strike Eagle|Boeing F-15I Ra'am]]
| aircraft_bomber =
| aircraft_electronic =
| aircraft_fighter = [[McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle]], [[General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon]]
| aircraft_recon =
[[IAI Eitam]], [[Beechcraft Super King Air|Beechcraft RC-12D]],| aircraft_patrol = [[IAI Seascan]], [[Eurocopter Panther]]
| aircraft_trainer = [[Grob G-120]], [[Beechcraft T-6 Texan II]], [[McDonnell Douglas A-4 Skyhawk]], [[Beechcraft Super King Air|Beechcraft C-12 Huron]], [[Bell 206]]
| aircraft_transport = [[Boeing 707|Boeing 707-320]], [[Lockheed C-130 Hercules]], [[Sikorsky CH-53 Sea Stallion]], [[Sikorsky S-70]]
|aircraft_tanker = [[Lockheed KC-130|Lockheed KC-130 Hercules]], [[Boeing 707|Boeing KC-707]]|native_name=זְרוֹעַ הָאֲוִיר וְהֶחָלָל<br>Zroa HaAvir VeHahalal|identification_symbol_3_label=Roundel|identification_symbol_3=<center>[[Berkas:Roundel of Israel.svg|60px]] [[Berkas:Roundel of Israel – Low Visibility – Type 1.svg|60px]]</center>}}
'''Angkatan Udara Israel''' ([[Bahasa Inggris]]: ''Israeli Air Force'', disingkat ''IAF''; [[Bahasa Ibrani]]: זרוע האויר והחלל, ''Zroa HaAvir VeHahalal'', "Angkatan Udara dan Antariksa", umumnya disebut חיל האוויר ''Hel HaAvir'', "Pasukan Udara") adalah [[angkatan udara]] [[Angkatan Pertahanan Israel]]. Kepala Komando Angkatan Udara Israel sekarang adalah [[Aluf|Mayor Jendral]] [[Amikam Norkin]]. Angkatan Udara Israel memiliki sekitar 1000 pesawat tempur.[[Berkas:Israeli Air Force, UH-60 Black Hawk.jpg|jmpl|[[UH-60 Blackhawk]] mendarat di gurun pasir]]
[[Berkas:Flickr - Israel Defense Forces - The Cobra Helicopter Makes a Splash.jpg|jmpl|[[AH-1 Cobra#Israel|AH-1 ''Tzefa'']]]]
[[Berkas:Dargot 28062011 707 Refueling.jpg|jmpl|IAF Boeing 707 refueling F-15s]]
[[Berkas:Love is in the Air - Flickr - Israel Defense Forces.jpg|jmpl|201 Squadron F-16I and 103 Squadron C-130 at the 2010 Kecskemét International [[Air Show]], [[Hungary]]]]
==
* Chief of Air Staff Group
* Fixed Wing Group
* Helicopter Group
* [[Air Intelligence Group|Intelligence Group]]
<!-- ** [[Technical Service for Intelligence Unit (VISINT unit)]] -->
* Equipment Group
<!-- ** [[Unit 22 - Air Maintenance Unit]]
** Unit "Ofeq" (Horizon, Air Force C4I) -->
* Manpower Group
* Chief Medical Officer
<!-- ** Air Medicine Unit -->
* Unit Control Group
* Air Special Forces Group
** [[Shaldag Unit|''Shaldag'']] – air force special operations unit
** [[Unit 669]] – [[medevac]] extraction unit
* [[Israeli Air Defense Command|Air Defense Command]]
** Northern Air Defense Regiment
** Central Air Defense Regiment
** Southern Air Defense Regiment (including Air Defense School)
== Organisasi Operasional ==
* [[Ramat David Airbase]] (Wing 1)
** [[109 Squadron (Israel)|109 "Valley" Squadron]]
** [[110 Squadron (Israel)|110 "Knights of North Squadron" Squadron]]
** [[117 Squadron (Israel)|117 "First Jet" Squadron]]
** [[193 Squadron (Israel)|193 "Defenders of the West" Squadron]]
* [[Sdot Micha Airbase|Sdot Micha]] (Wing 2)
** 150 Squadron
** 199 Squadron
** 248 Squadron
* [[Hatzor Airbase]] (Wing 4)
** [[101 Squadron (Israel)|101 "First Combat" Squadron]]
** [[105 Squadron (Israel)|105 "Scorpion" Squadron]]
* [[Hatzerim Airbase]] (Air Force Base 6)
** [[69 Squadron (Israel)|69 "Hammers" Squadron]]
** [[102 Squadron (Israel)|102 "Flying Tiger" Squadron]]
** [[IAF Aerobatic Team]]
** [[107 Squadron (Israel)|107 "Knights of the Orange Tail" Squadron]]
** [[123 Squadron (Israel)|123 "Desert Birds" Squadron]]
** Air Force Infantry School
* [[Tel Nof Airbase]] (Air Force Base 8)
** [[106 Squadron (Israel)|106 "Spearhead" Squadron]]
** [[114 Squadron (Israel)|114 "Night Leaders" Squadron]]
** [[118 Squadron (Israel)|118 "Nocturnal Birds of Prey" Squadron]]
** [[133 Squadron (Israel)|133 "Knight of the Twin Tail" Squadron]]
** [[210 Squadron (Israel)|210 "Eitan" Squadron]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://idfspokesperson.com/2010/12/21/iaf-opens-new-eitan-uav-squadron-to-operational-use-21-december-2010/ |title=IAF Opens New "Eitan" UAV Squadron to Operational Use, 21 December 2010 | Israel Defense Forces |publisher=Idfspokesperson.com |date=December 21, 2010 |accessdate=September 8, 2011 |archive-date=2011-10-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006032425/http://idfspokesperson.com/2010/12/21/iaf-opens-new-eitan-uav-squadron-to-operational-use-21-december-2010/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
** [[601 Squadron (Israel)|601 Squadron]] (Flight Test Center)
** Unit 555 "Sky Crows" (electronic warfare unit)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jpost.com/Magazine/Features/Article.aspx?id=189617|title=And they struck them with blindness|last=Katz|first=Yaakov|date=September 29, 2010|accessdate=September 29, 2010|publisher=Jerusalem Post}}</ref>
* [[Ovda International Airport|Ovda Airbase]] (Air Force Base 10)
** [[115 Squadron (Israel)|115 "Flying Dragon" Squadron]]
** Aviation Professions School
** Air Force Officers School
* [[Sde Dov Airport|Sde Dov Airbase]] (Wing 15)
** [[100 Squadron (Israel)|100 "Flying Camel" Squadron]]
** [[135 Squadron (Israel)|135 "Kings of the Air" Squadron]]
** 249 "Elad" Squadron<ref name="ff"/><ref name="fff"/>
* [[Haifa Airport|Haifa Airbase]] (Air Force Base 21)
** Technical Professions School
** IAF Technological College
* [[Ramon Airbase]] (Wing 25)
** [[113 Squadron (Israel)|113 "Hornet" Squadron]]
** [[119 Squadron (Israel)|119 "Bat" Squadron]]
** [[190 Squadron (Israel)|190 "Magic Touch" Squadron]]
** [[201 Squadron (Israel)|201 "The One" Squadron]]
** [[253 Squadron (Israel)|253 "Negev" Squadron]]
* [[Nevatim Airbase]] (Air Force Base 28)
** [[103 Squadron (Israel)|103 "Elephants" Squadron]]
** [[116 Squadron (Israel)|116 "Defenders of the South" Squadron]]
** [[120 Squadron (Israel)|120 "Desert Giants" Squadron]]
** [[122 Squadron (Israel)|122 "Nahshon" Squadron]]
** [[131 Squadron (Israel)|131 "Knights of the Yellow Bird" Squadron]]
** [[140 Squadron (Israel)|140 "Golden Eagle" Squadron]]
* [[Palmachim Airbase]] (Air Force Base 30)
** [[124 Squadron (Israel)|124 "Rolling Sword" Squadron]]
** 151 Squadron (Missile Testing Squadron)
** [[160 Squadron (Israel)|160 "First Helicopters Gunships" Squadron]]
** [[166 Squadron (Israel)|166 "Spark" Squadron]]
** [[200 Squadron (Israel)|200 "First UAV" Squadron]]
== Sejarah ==
=== Tahun-tahun awal ===
Asal muasal dari Israel Air Force adalah Palestina Flying Service yang dimulai oleh Irgun pada tahun 1937, serta Sherut Avir, divisi penerbang pada Haganah. Israel Air Force (IAF) dibentuk pada 28 Mei 1948, setelah Israel mendeklarasikan kemerdekaan dan diserang. Pada mulanya, Israel Air Force hanya terdiri daripada pesawat yang diberikan atau didonasikan. Pesawat yang dimiliki Israel pada masa ini terdiri dari 25 Avia S-199s, yang dibeli dari Cekoslovakia, di mana S-199 sebenarnya adalah Me Bf 109s buatan Cekoslovakia.
=== Krisis Terusan Suez ===
IAF mengambil perang penting dalam Operation Kadesh, pada krisis Terusan Suez pada tahun 1956. Pada awal operasi, 29 Oktober 1956, P-51D Mustang milik Angkatan Udara Israel menghancurkan kabel telepon di Sinai, dengan baling-baling daripada P-51D Mustang, sementara pesawat pengangkut DC-3 menjatuhkan pasukan payung Israel di belakang garis pertahanan Mesir pada Mitla Pass dan Et-Tur. IAF juga mengambil serangan terhadap pasukan darat Mesir dan membantu Angkatan Laut Israel menahan kapal tempur Mesir yang sedang membombardir Haifa. Serangan udara Israel merusak mesin kapal Mesir, membuat Angkatan Laut Israel dapat menangkap kapal Mesir tersebut.
=== Perang Enam Hari ===
Pada 5 Juni 1967. hari pertama dalam perang 6 hari, IAF meluncurkan Operation Focus, yaitu suatu operasi militer yang bertujuan untuk melumpuhkan kekuatan udara Arab dalam satu serangan. Dalam suatu serangan kejutan, IAF menghancurkan hampir seluruh kekuatan Angkatan Udara Mesir saat pesawat dari Angkatan Udara Mesir masih ada di darat. Di dalam hari yang sama, Israel juga meluncurkan serangan yang sama ke Siria, Yordania, dan Irak. Dalam 6 hari pertempuran, Israel mengklaim telah menghancurkan 452 pesawat milik koalisi Arab, di mana 49 di antaranya adalah pertempuran udara.
=== Perang Yom Kippur ===
[[Berkas:F-4E-Phantom-Kurnas-2000-with-camera-pod-hatzerim-1.jpg|ka|jmpl|237x237px|F-4 Phantom milik Angkatan Udara Israel]]
Dalam perang Yom Kippur, Israel gagal melakukan serangan ''pre-emptive ''karena tekanan dari pemerintah Israel sendiri. Angkatan Udara Israel mendapat banyak kekalahan pada awal perang, seperti pada Operasi Doogman 5 di mana Israel terbang dengan data intelijen yang tidak akurat,
serta tanpa perlindungan daripada misil anti serangan udara dan baterai flak pertahanan udara. 6 IAF Phantom hilang dalam operasi yang gagal ini. Israel berusaha meluncurkan Operation Tagar, suatu operasi yang bertujuan untuk melemahkan kekuatan pertahanan udara musuh, namun operasi ini ditinggalkan karena angkatan darat Israel juga mengalami banyak kemunduran. Namun seiring dengan kemajuan dari pihak koalisi Arab, Israel dapat menggunakan pesawat-pesawatnya dalam kapasitas serang darat, sehingga juga membantu mematahkan serangan darat dari Koalisi Arab.
Israel kehilangan 102 pesawat, termasuk 32 F-4 Phantorm, 53 A-4 Skyhawks, 11 Dassault Mirages, dan 6 IAI Sa'ars, meskipun dari sumber lain dikatakan 128 pesawat Israel hilang. Dari pihak koalisi Arab diperkirakan pihak Meskir kehilangan 235 sampai 242 pesawat, sementara dari pihak Siria kehilangan 135 sampai 179 pesawat.
=== 2007 - 2013 ===
[[Berkas:Oferet-Yetzuka-F16I.jpg|ka|jmpl|225x225px|F-16I milik Angkatan Udara Israel yang beroperasi dalam Operation Cast Lead]]
[[Berkas:Cast Lead Mosque.jpg|ka|jmpl|200x200px|Kerusakan masjid akibat Operation Cast Lead]]
Pada 6 September 2007, IAF melakukan serangan ke bangunan yang dianggap sebagai reaktor nuklir milik Siria. Dalam Operation Cast Lead, IAF juga melakukan lebih dari 2,360 serangan udara ke Gaza, yang dikritik karena menimbulkan kematian warga sipil dalam jumlah besar. Israel Air Force juga secara aktif melakukan pembunuhan terhadap komandan senior dari Hamas.
== Pesawat tempur ==
=== Mendatang ===
==== Pangkat Perwira ====
{| style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%;"
|- align=center
| style="background:#ccc;"| '''Insignia'''
|| [[Berkas:IAF segen mishne.svg|45px]]
|| [[Berkas:IAF segen.svg|45px]]
|| [[Berkas:IAF seren.svg|45px]]
|| [[Berkas:IDF rav seren silver-2.svg|45px]]
|| [[Berkas:IAF sgan aluf.svg|45px]]
|| [[Berkas:IAF aluf mishne.svg|45px]]
|| [[Berkas:IAF tat aluf.svg|45px]]
|| [[Berkas:IAF aluf.svg|45px]]
|| [[Berkas:IAF rav aluf.svg|45px]]
|- align=center
| style="background:#ccc;"| '''Jabatan'''
|| ''Segen Mishne''
|| ''Segen''
|| ''Seren''
|| ''Rav Seren''
|| ''Sgan Aluf''
|| ''Aluf Mishne''
|| ''Tat Aluf''
|| ''[[Aluf]]'' <sup>1</sup>
|| ''Rav Aluf'' <sup>2</sup>
|- align=center
||U.S equivalent
|| [[Letnan Dua|Letnan<br />Dua]]
|| [[Letnan Satu|Letnan<br />Satu]]
|| [[Kapten]]
|| [[Mayor]]
|| [[Letnan Kolonel|Letnan<br />Kolonel]]
|| [[Kolonel]]
|| [[Brigadir Jenderal|Brigadir<br />Jenderal]]
|| [[Mayor Jenderal|Mayor<br />Jenderal]]
|| [[Letnan Jenderal|Letnan<br />Jenderal]]
|-
|colspan=5|
<small><sup>1</sup> - Commander of the Israeli Air Force</small><br />
<small><sup>2</sup> - [[Chief of General Staff (Israel)|IDF Chief of the General Staff]], rarely an air force officer</small>
|}
== Daftar Komandan IAF ==
[[Berkas:Amikam Norkin, IAF Commander.jpg|jmpl|180x180px|[[Amikam Norkin]], komandan IAF sekarang]]
* [[Yisrael Amir]] (Mei 1948 – Juli 1948)
* [[Aharon Remez]] (Juli 1948 – Desember 1950)
* [[Shlomo Shamir]] (Desember 1950 – Agustus 1951)
* [[Haim Laskov]] (Agustus 1951 – Mei 1953)
* [[Dan Tolkovsky]] (Mei 1953 – Juli 1958)
* [[Ezer Weizman]] (Juli 1958 – April 1966)
* [[Mordechai Hod]] (April 1966 – Mei 1973)
* [[Binyamin Peled]] (Mei 1973 – Oktober 1977)
* [[David Ivri]] (Oktober 1977 – Desember 1982)
* [[Amos Lapidot]] (Desember 1982 – September 1987)
* [[Avihu Ben-Nun]] (September 1987 – Januari 1992)
* [[Herzl Bodinger]] (Januari 1992 – Juli 1996)
* [[Eitan Ben Eliyahu]] (Juli 1996 – April 2000)
* [[Dan Halutz]] (April 2000 – April 2004)
* [[Elyezer Shkedy]] (April 2004 – Mei 2008)
* [[Ido Nehoshtan]] (Mei 2008 – Mei 2012)
* [[Amir Eshel]] (Mei 2012 – Agustus 2017)
*[[Amikam Norkin]] (Agustus 2017 – ''sekarang'')
== Galeri ==
<gallery widths="180" heights="120" class="center">
Berkas:IAF-F-35I-2016-12-13 (cropped).jpg|[[Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II|F-35]]I "Adir"
Berkas:IAF-F-35I-and-F-16I--Sufa--cropped-nf.jpg|[[General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon|F-16]]I "Sufa"
Berkas:F-15I (remix).jpg|[[F-15 Eagle|F-15]]I "Ra'ams"
Berkas:IAF AH-64D Apache with Spike NLOS, 2021.jpg|[[Boeing AH-64 Apache|AH-64D Apache]]
Berkas:International Women's Day in IAF, March 2021. VI.jpg|Pilot wanita AU Israel
Berkas:Flickr - Israel Defense Forces - Nahal's Brigade Wide Drill (1).jpg|Pasukan udara AU Israel
Berkas:Israeli Air Force P5080105.JPG|Formasi helikopter AU Israel
Berkas:Flickr - Israel Defense Forces - Air Force Display During Flight School Graduation Ceremony.jpg|Atraksi udara AU Israel
</gallery>
== Referensi ==
{{reflist}}
== Pranala luar ==
* [https://www.iaf.org.il/9202-en/IAF.aspx The IAF Official Website (English)]
* [http://www.isayeret.com The IAF Special Forces Units - at isayeret.com]
* [http://101squadron.com/ 101 Squadron, Israel's first fighter squadron]
* [http://www.uss-bennington.org/phz-nowing-f15.html IAF F-15 lands with one wing] [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZKpFLaFUbl4 Video]
* [http://www.israeli-weapons.com/index_aircraft.htm israeli-weapons]
* [http://www.ynetnews.com/home/0,7340,L-4289,00.html Israel air force war] - [[Ynetnews]]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071024081956/http://home.comcast.net/~anneled/IAFclaims.html Attributed Israeli Air Combat Victories]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070529055002/http://home.comcast.net/~anneled/IAFinventory.html Israel Air Force Aircraft Inventories]
* [http://www.scramble.nl/il.htm Overview of the IAF] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061231014056/http://www.scramble.nl/il.htm |date=2006-12-31 }}
* [http://www.xairforces.net/airforces.asp?id=32 Tsvah Haganah Le Israeli - Hey'l Ha'avir / Israel Air Force]
* [http://web.mit.edu/ssp/Publications/working_papers/wp_06-1.pdf Israel's ability to destroy Iran's nuclear facilities]
* [http://www.pbase.com/xnir/israel_air_force Many photos of IDF/AF aircraft and operations]
* [http://www.flickr.com/groups/israel_air_force Israeli Air Force group on Flickr]
* [http://www.eiafg.tk The Gallery of Israeli Air Force and Arab Air Forces] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180810030426/http://eiafg.tk/ |date=2018-08-10 }}
[[Kategori:Angkatan Udara Israel| ]]
[[Kategori:Angkatan Pertahanan Israel]]
[[Kategori:Angkatan udara menurut negara|Israel]]
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