Pemisahan agama dan negara: Perbedaan antara revisi

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←Membuat halaman berisi ''''Pemisahan gereja dan negara''' adalah jarak hubungan antara agama terorganisir dan negara kebangsaan. == Di berbagai negara == === Australia === === Brazi...'
 
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{{Status kebebasan beragama|expanded=konsep}}
'''Pemisahan gereja dan negara''' adalah jarak hubungan antara [[agama terorganisir]] dan [[negara kebangsaan]].
[[Berkas:NWomen's March 1403 (32114102140).jpg|jmpl|Pemisahan agama dengan negara]]
'''Pemisahan agama dan negara''' adalah konsep dalam filsafat dan [[yurisprudensi]] yang menyatakan bahwa ada jarak politis antara [[organisasi agama]] dan [[negara bangsa]]. Dalam konsepnya, istilah ini mengacu pada pembentukan [[negara sekuler]] (dengan atau tanpa undang-undang pemisahan agama–negara) dan disestablismen (''disestablishment''), perubahan hubungan resmi antara institusi keagamaan dan pemerintah negara.<ref>''The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States'' (1992), Kermit D. Hall, Ed. pp. 717–26</ref>
 
Dalam suatu masyarakat, tingkatan pemisahan politik antara agama dan negara ditentukan oleh struktur hukum dan pandangan hukum dominan yang menetapkan hubungan layak antara agama terorganisasi dan negara. [[Prinsip kewajaran dan kelaziman usaha]] mengusulkan hubungan antara dua badan politik yang bebas dari kewenangan satu sama lain. Prinsip sekuler yang ketat, ''[[laïcité]]'' (sekularitas), diterapkan di Prancis. Negara-negara sekuler lainnya seperti Denmark dan [[Britania Raya]] memiliki undang-undang dasar yang mengakui [[agama negara]] resmi.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thelocal.no/page/view/norway-separates-church-and-state#.UPFSb-Q0VPE|title=Norway separates church and state|publisher=|accessdate=22 March 2015}}</ref>
== Di berbagai negara ==
 
Dasar pemikiran pemisahan agama dan negara sipil sejalan dengan paham [[sekularisme]], [[disestablismentarianisme]], [[kebebasan beragama]], dan [[pluralisme agama]]. Atas dasar tersebut, negara-negara Eropa menjalankan sebagian peran sosial milik gereja, [[negara kesejahteraan]], [[perubahan sosial]] yang menciptakan masyarakat dan [[lingkup publik]] berbudaya sekuler.<ref>[http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn Princeton University WordNet] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160508073028/http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn |date=May 8, 2016 }} reads: "separationism: advocacy of a policy of strict separation of church and state."</ref> Dalam praktiknya, pemisahan agama–negara memiliki tingkatan, mulai dari pemisahan total yang diwajibkan oleh [[undang-undang dasar]] negara, misalnya di [[Agama di India|India]] dan [[Agama di Singapura|Singapura]], sampai agama resmi negara, misalnya di [[kebebasan beragama di Maladewa|Maladewa]].
=== Australia ===
=== Brazil ===
=== China ===
=== Perancis ===
=== Jerman ===
=== India ===
=== Italia ===
=== Jepang ===
=== Meksiko ===
=== Norwegia ===
=== Filipina ===
=== Singapura ===
=== Spanyol ===
=== Swedia ===
=== Turki ===
=== Britania Raya ===
=== Amerika Serikat ===
==Bacaan tambahan==
* Feldman, Noah. "Religion and the Earthly City", ''Social Research'', Winter 2009, Vol. 76 Issue 4, pp 989–1000
* {{cite encyclopedia |last=Kuznincki |first=Jason |authorlink= |editor-first=Ronald |editor-last=Hamowy |editor-link=Ronald Hamowy |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism |title= Separation of Church and State |url= http://books.google.com/books?id=yxNgXs3TkJYC |accessdate= |edition= |year=2008 |publisher= [[SAGE Publications|SAGE]]; [[Cato Institute]] |location= Thousand Oaks, CA |id= |isbn= 978-1-4129-6580-4 |oclc=750831024| lccn = 2008009151 |pages=458–60 |quote= |ref= }}
* Taylor, Charles. "The Polysemy of the Secular", ''Social Research'', Winter 2009, Vol. 76 Issue 4, pp 1143–1166
* Temple, William, Abp. ''Christianity and the State''. London: Macmillan and Co., 1928.
* Whitman, James Q. "Separating Church and State: The Atlantic Divide", ''Historical Reflections'', Winter 2008, Vol. 34 Issue 3, pp 86–104
 
===Amerika Serikat=lihat pula ==
{{Portal|Agama}}
* McGowan, Barry, "How to Separate Church & State: A Manual from the Trenches", Hufton Mueller, LLC. (June 2012). ISBN 978-0-615-63802-7
* [[Kulturkampf]]
* Shalev, Eran, "‘A Perfect Republic’: The Mosaic Constitution in Revolutionary New England, 1775–1788", ''New England Quarterly'', 82 (June 2009), 235–63.
* [[Undang-Undang Pemisahan Agama dan Negara Prancis 1905]]
* Stone, Geoffrey R., "The World of the Framers: A Christian Nation?", ''UCLA Law Review'', 56 (Oct. 2008), 1–26.
* [[Antidisestablismentarianisme]]
* Weaver, C. Douglas. "Baptists and the First Amendment: An Historical Overview", ''Baptist History and Heritage'', Summer 2008, Vol. 43 Issue 3, pp 8–26
* [[Baptis dalam sejarah pemisahan agama dan negara]]
* [[Caesaropapisme]]
* [[Rekonstruksionisme Kristen]]
* [[East Waynesville Baptist Church]]
* [[Kebebasan beragama menurut negara]]
* [[Republik Islam]]
* [[Human-Etisk Forbund]]
* [[Jarak berprinsip]]
* [[Agama negara]]
* [[Teokrasi]]
 
== Referensi ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
 
== Bacaan tambahanlanjutan ==
* Feldman, Noah. "Religion and the Earthly City", ''Social Research'', Winter 2009, Vol. 76 Issue 4, pp .&nbsp;989–1000
* Tomas Jeffersons Journal
* {{cite encyclopedia |last=KuzninckiKuznicki |first=Jason |authorlink= |editor-first=Ronald |editor-last=Hamowy |editor-link=Ronald Hamowy |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism |title= Separation of Church and State |url= httphttps://books.google.com/books?id=yxNgXs3TkJYC |accessdate= |edition= |year=2008 |publisher= [[SAGE Publications|SAGE]]; [[Cato Institute]] |location= Thousand Oaks, CA |iddoi=10.4135/9781412965811.n280 |isbn= 978-1-4129-6580-4 |oclc=750831024| lccn = 2008009151 |pages=458–60 |quote= |ref= }}
* Taylor, Charles. "The Polysemy of the Secular", ''Social Research'', Winter 2009, Vol. 76 Issue 4, pp 1143–1166.&nbsp;1143–66
* Temple, William, Abp. ''Christianity and the State''. London: Macmillan and Co., 1928.
* Whitman, James Q. "Separating Church and State: The Atlantic Divide", ''Historical Reflections'', Winter 2008, Vol. 34 Issue 3, pp .&nbsp;86–104
* McGowan, Barry, "How to Separate Church & State: A Manual from the Trenches", Hufton Mueller, LLC. (June 2012). {{ISBN |978-0-615-63802-7}}
* Stone, Geoffrey R., "The World of the Framers: A Christian Nation?", ''UCLA Law Review'', 56 (Oct.October 2008), 1–26.
 
== Pranala luar ==
{{wikiquote}}
* [https://www.facebook.com/#!/HowToSeparateChurchState About: How to Separate Church & State by Barry McGowan]
* [http://www.religiousliberty.tv/ ReligiousLiberty.TV] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215041542/http://religiousliberty.tv/ |date=2013-12-15 }} Current and historical information about church-state separation
* [http://www.rationalrevolution.net/articles/history_of_the_separation_of_chu.htm History of the Separation of Church and State in America]
* {{PDFlinkcite web|[url=http://www.undergodprocon.org/pdf/feldman.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080625032915/http://www.undergodprocon.org/pdf/feldman.pdf |dead-url=bot: unknown |archive-date=2008-06-25 |title="The Intellectual Origins of the Establishment Clause"] |df= }}&nbsp;{{small|(251&nbsp;KB)}} by Noah Feldman, Asst. Professor of Law, New York University, 2002 (archived from [http://www.undergodprocon.org/pdf/feldman.pdf the original] on 2008-06-25).
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090912024128/http://www.christianitytoday.com/yc/churchlawtaxupdate/feature_080404.html Churches Are Not Exempt from State Licenses by Richard R. Hammar]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090912024310/http://www.christianitytoday.com/yc/churchlawtaxupdate/campaignactivities.html Campaign Activities by Richard R. Hammar]
* [http://uclalawreview.org/?p=219 Geoffrey R. Stone, ''The World of the Framers: A Christian Nation?'', 56 '''UCLA L. Rev.''' 1 (2008).]
 
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