Iran: Perbedaan antara revisi

=== Sejarah awal, Kekaisaran Media dan Kekaisaran AchaemenidAkhemeniyah (3200 SM – 330 SM) ===

Militer Iran terbagi atas dua pasukan yaitu pasukan militer negara, dan pasukan militer revolusi. Pasukan militer revolusi berjumlah 545.000 jiwa.<ref>[[IISS]] Military Balance 2006, Routledge for the IISS, London, 2006, p.187</ref> Kedua-dua pasukan bersenjata ini dibawah kendali Menteri Pertahanan, dan Logistik Pasukan Bersenjata Iran.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mod.ir/ |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2007-05-23 |archive-date=2008-12-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216064203/http://www.mod.ir/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref>

Angkatan Basij adalah tentara paramiliter yang mempunyai anggota penuh 90.000 prajurit, dan juga 30.000 prajurit cadangan ditambah dengan 11 juta pria, dan wanita yang dapat dimobilisasi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/intell/world/iran/basij.htm|title=Niruyeh Moghavemat Basij - Mobilisation Resistance Force|access-date=2007-05-23|archive-date=2011-04-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430031747/http://www.globalsecurity.org/intell/world/iran/basij.htm|dead-url=no}}</ref>

|footnote = Sumber: United Nations Demographic Yearbook<ref>{{cite web|url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2.htm#2001|title=United Nations Statistics Division – Demographic and Social Statistics|work=un.org|accessdate=2015-10-26|archive-date=2016-12-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161227194033/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2.htm#2001|dead-url=no}}</ref>

Iran adalah negara yang beragam, terdiri dari banyak kelompok agama dan etnis yang bersatu melalui [[Budaya Iran|bahasa dan budaya bersama Iran]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/iran-v1-peoples-survey |title=Encyclopaedia Iranica. R. N. Frye. Peoples of Iran |publisher=Iranicaonline.org |accessdate=14 September 2011 |archive-date=2019-05-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190517075943/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/iran-v1-peoples-survey |dead-url=no }}</ref>

Populasi Iran tumbuh pesat pada paruh kedua abad ke-20, meningkat dari sekitar 19 juta pada tahun 1956 menjadi sekitar 75 juta pada tahun 2009.<ref name="una">{{cite web|url=http://www.un.org/Depts/escap/pop/journal/v10n1a1.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090214041911/http://www.un.org/Depts/escap/pop/journal/v10n1a1.htm|archivedate=2009-02-14|title=A New Direction in Population Policy and Family Planning in the Islamic Republic of Iran|first=United Nations|last=Asia-Pacific Population Journal|accessdate=14 April 2006|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://countrystudies.us/iran/32.htm |title=Iran – population |publisher=Countrystudies.us |accessdate=18 June 2011 |archive-date=2016-12-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161227192909/http://countrystudies.us/iran/32.htm |dead-url=no }}</ref> Namun, [[tingkat kelahiran]] Iran telah menurun secara signifikan dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, yang mengarah ke tingkat pertumbuhan penduduk—pada Juli 2012—sekitar 1,29%.<ref name="DW Persian">{{cite web |url=http://www.dw.de/dw/article/0,,16112833,00.html?maca=per-rss-per-all_volltext-5613-xml-mrss |title=Iran – کاهش غیرمنتظره نرخ رشد جمعیت در ایران |publisher=DW Persian |accessdate=19 July 2012 |archive-date=2020-04-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200409082819/https://www.dw.com/fa-ir/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B4-%D8%BA%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B8%D8%B1%D9%87-%D9%86%D8%B1%D8%AE-%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%AF-%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%AA-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86/a-16112833?maca=per-rss-per-all_volltext-5613-xml-mrss |dead-url=no }}</ref> Studi-studi memproyeksikan bahwa pertumbuhan akan terus melambat sampai stabil di atas 105 juta pada tahun 2050.<ref name="bureau">U.S. Bureau of the Census, 2005. Unpublished work tables for estimating Iran’s mortality. Washington, D.C.:

Population Division, International Programs Center</ref><ref name="payvand">{{cite web|url=http://www.payvand.com/news/04/aug/1017.html|title=Iran's population growth rate falls to 1.5 percent: UNFP|first=Payvand.com|last=Iran News|accessdate=18 October 2006|archive-date=2016-12-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161227193340/http://www.payvand.com/news/04/aug/1017.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>

Iran menjadi tempat tinggal salah satu populasi [[pengungsi]] terbesar di dunia, dengan lebih dari satu juta pengungsi, sebagian besar dari [[Pengungsi Afghanistan|Afghanistan]] dan [[Irak]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=77107 |title=Afghanistan-Iran: Iran says it will deport over one million Afghans |publisher=Irinnews.org |date=4 March 2008 |accessdate=21 June 2013 |archive-date=2011-09-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110902170454/http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=77107 |dead-url=no }}</ref> Sejak tahun 2006, para pejabat Iran telah bekerja dengan [[UNHCR]] dan pejabat Afghanistan untuk [[repatriasi]] mereka.<ref name="bbcb">{{cite web|url=http://www.unhcr.org/news/NEWS/452b78394.html|title=Tripartite meeting on returns to Afghanistan|first=[[UNHCR]]|last=United Nations|accessdate=14 April 2006|archive-date=2018-10-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003213837/http://www.unhcr.org/news/NEWS/452b78394.html|dead-url=no}}</ref> Menurut perkiraan, sekitar lima juta warga Iran telah beremigrasi ke negara-negara lain, terutama sejak Revolusi 1979.<ref name="Ganji2002">{{cite book|author=Manouchehr Ganji|title=Defying the Iranian Revolution: From a Minister to the Shah to a Leader of Resistance|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NboVl-CeYs0C&pg=PA210|year=2002|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-275-97187-8|page=210|access-date=2016-10-04|archive-date=2023-02-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230211033456/https://books.google.com/books?id=NboVl-CeYs0C&pg=PA210|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424 |title=Migration Information Institute: Characteristics of the Iranian Diaspora |publisher=Migrationinformation.org |accessdate=18 June 2011 |archive-date=2014-02-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140215052030/http://migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424 |dead-url=no }}</ref>

Menurut [[Konstitusi Iran]], pemerintah wajib memberikan setiap warga negara akses ke [[jaminan sosial]] yang meliputi pensiun, pengangguran, usia tua, [[cacat]], kecelakaan, bencana, kesehatan dan perawatan medis dan layanan perawatan.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://info.worldbank.org/etools/docs/library/77421/june2003/ppt/w1/iran.pdf |title=Iran Social Security System |publisher=World Bank |date=2003 |accessdate= November 30, 2015 |archive-date=2016-11-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111072901/http://info.worldbank.org/etools/docs/library/77421/june2003/ppt/w1/iran.pdf |dead-url=no }}</ref> Ini ditutupi oleh [[Hukum buruh dan pajak di Iran|penerimaan pajak]] dan penghasilan yang diperoleh dari kontribusi masyarakat.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://aprendeenlinea.udea.edu.co/revistas/index.php/lecturasdeeconomia/article/view/15770/17868 |title=Is tax funding of health care more likely to be regressive than systems based on social insurance in low and middle-income countries? |newspaper=Universidad de Antioquia |date=2013 |author=Aurelio Mejía |accessdate= November 30, 2015 |archive-date=2015-12-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151216074956/http://aprendeenlinea.udea.edu.co/revistas/index.php/lecturasdeeconomia/article/view/15770/17868 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>

[[Rumpun bahasa Turki]] dan dialeknya, yang paling penting [[bahasa Azerbaijan|Turki Azerbaijan]] yang sejauh ini bahasa yang paling diucapkan di negara itu setelah Persia,<ref>Annika Rabo,Bo Utas. [https://books.google.nl/books?id=rWEbrv5oD8AC&pg=PT156&dq=azerbaijani+largest+minority+language+iran&hl=nl&sa=X&ved=0CCAQ6AEwAGoVChMIqaj0r4OIxgIVQY4sCh2m_Qch#v=onepage&q=azerbaijani%20largest%20minority%20language%20iran&f=false ''The Role of the State in West Asia''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230211033457/https://books.google.nl/books?id=rWEbrv5oD8AC&pg=PT156&dq=azerbaijani+largest+minority+language+iran&hl=nl&sa=X&ved=0CCAQ6AEwAGoVChMIqaj0r4OIxgIVQY4sCh2m_Qch#v=onepage&q=azerbaijani%20largest%20minority%20language%20iran&f=false|date=2023-02-11}} Swedish Research Institute in Istanbul, 2005 ISBN 91-86884-13-1</ref> dituturkan di berbagai wilayah di Iran, tetapi terutama luas dan dominan digunakan di provinsi [[Azerbaijan (Iran)|Azerbaijan]].

Bahasa minoritas penting di Iran termasuk [[bahasa Armenia|Armenia]], [[bahasa Georgia|Georgia]], [[bahasa Neo-Aram|Neo-Aram]], dan [[bahasa Arab|Arab]]. [[bahasa Arab Khuzestan|Arab Khuzi]] dituturkan oleh orang-orang [[Arab Ahwazi|Arab di Khuzestan]], dan kelompok yang lebih luas dari [[Arab Iran]]. [[Bahasa Sirkasia]] juga pernah digunakan secara luas oleh minoritas besar Sirkasia, namun, karena asimilasi selama bertahun-tahun, tidak ada jumlah yang cukup besar dari Sirkasia yang menuturkan bahasa itu lagi.<ref>[https://books.google.nl/books?id=stl97FdyRswC&pg=PA141&lpg=PA141&dq=number+of+circassians+in+iran&source=bl&ots=u_SmExfuC8&sig=2lK8k9IsUQZyjCtdKqIAIr6Rc5M&hl=nl&sa=X&ved=0CDwQ6AEwBDgKahUKEwins7Whz4vGAhVRCNsKHb9pAME#v=onepage&q=number%20of%20circassians%20in%20iran&f=false ''Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230211033457/https://books.google.nl/books?id=stl97FdyRswC&pg=PA141&lpg=PA141&dq=number+of+circassians+in+iran&source=bl&ots=u_SmExfuC8&sig=2lK8k9IsUQZyjCtdKqIAIr6Rc5M&hl=nl&sa=X&ved=0CDwQ6AEwBDgKahUKEwins7Whz4vGAhVRCNsKHb9pAME#v=onepage&q=number%20of%20circassians%20in%20iran&f=false|date=2023-02-11}} Facts On File, Incorporated ISBN 1-4381-2676-X p 141</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/georgia-iv--2 |title=Georgia viii: Georgian communities in Persia |last1=Oberling |first1=Pierre |date=7 February 2012 |website=[[Encyclopaedia Iranica]] |accessdate=9 June 2014 |archive-date=2013-05-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130517031826/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/georgia-iv--2 |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://mcha.kbsu.ru/english/m_hist_01E.htm.html |title=Circassian |publisher=Official Circassian Association |accessdate=9 June 2014 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304035542/http://mcha.kbsu.ru/english/m_hist_01E.htm.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |url=http://iranian.com/Travelers/June97/Chardin/index.shtml |title=Persians: Kind, hospitable, tolerant flattering cheats? |first1=Sir John |last1=Chardin |authorlink=Jean Chardin |date=June 1997 |journal=[[Iranian.com|The Iranian]] |accessdate=9 June 2014 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/19970620173929/http://www.iranian.com/Travelers/June97/Chardin/index.shtml |archivedate=20 June 1997 |deadurl=no }} Excerpted from:

* {{cite book |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5jPL0A31H5MC&pg=PA183#v=twopage&q&f=false |chapter=Book 2, Chapter XI: Of the Temper, Manners, and Customs of the Persians: A XVII th. Century Viewpoint |first1=Sir John |last1=Chardin |authorlink=Jean Chardin |title=Travels in Persia, 1673–1677 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5jPL0A31H5MC |location=New York |publisher=Dover Publications |year=1988 |pages=183–197 |isbn=9780486256368 |oclc=798310290 |accessdate=9 June 2014 |archive-date=2023-02-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230211033457/https://books.google.com/books?id=5jPL0A31H5MC |dead-url=no }}</ref>

[[Perpustakaan Kongres]] mengeluarkan perkiraan yang sedikit berbeda: Persia 65% (termasuk Mazenderanis, Gilaks dan talysh), Azerbaijan 16%, Kurdi 7%, Lur 6%, [[Suku Baloch|Baluchi]] 2%; kelompok-kelompok suku Turki seperti [[Suku Qashqai|Qashqai]] 1%, dan Turkmen 1%; dan non-Iran, kelompok non-Turki seperti Armenia, Georgia, Asiria, Sirkasia, dan Arab kurang dari 3%. Ini ditentukan bahwa Persia adalah bahasa pertama minimal 65% dari penduduk negara itu, dan merupakan bahasa kedua bagi sebagian besar 35% sisanya.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.loc.gov/rr/frd/cs/pdf/CS_Iran.pdf#27 |title=Country Profile: Iran |publisher=[[Federal Research Division]], [[Library of Congress]] |location=Washington, D.C. |date=May 2008 |page=xxvi |format=PDF |accessdate=9 June 2014 |archive-date=2019-04-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190412082039/https://www.loc.gov/rr/frd/cs/pdf/CS_Iran.pdf#27 |dead-url=no }}</ref>

Estimasi non-pemerintah lainnya mengenai kelompok selain Persia dan Azerbaijan secara kasar ''congruate'' dengan The World Factbook dan Perpustakaan Kongres. Namun, banyak estimasi ilmiah dan organisasi mengenai jumlah kedua kelompok berbeda secara signifikan dari sensus disebutkan. Menurut banyak dari mereka, jumlah etnis Azerbaijan di Iran terdiri antara 21,6-30% dari total penduduk, dengan mayoritas pada 25%.{{ref|New America Foundation|c}}<ref name="New America Foundation">{{cite news|url=http://www.terrorfreetomorrow.org/upimagestft/TFT%20Iran%20Survey%20Report%200609.pdf|title=Results a new nationwide public opinion survey of Iran |publisher=[[New America Foundation]] |date= June 12, 2009 |accessdate=13 August 2013|archive-date=2013-07-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130723044939/http://www.terrorfreetomorrow.org/upimagestft/TFT%20Iran%20Survey%20Report%200609.pdf|dead-url=no}}</ref>{{ref|Minority Rights|d}}<ref name="Minority Rights">{{cite news|url=http://www.minorityrights.org/?lid=5096|title=Azeris |publisher=[[Minority Rights Group International]] |year= 2009 |accessdate=16 October 2013|archive-date=2013-09-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921053530/http://www.minorityrights.org/?lid=5096|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>* Shaffer, Brenda (2003). Borders and Brethren: Iran and the Challenge of Azerbaijani Identity. MIT Press. pp. 221–225. ISBN 0-262-19477-5 "There is considerable lack of consensus regarding the number of Azerbaijanis in Iran ... Most conventional estimates of the Azerbaijani population range between one-fifth to one-third of the general population of Iran, the majority claiming one-fourth." – "Azerbaijani student groups in Iran claim that there are 27 million Azerbaijanis residing in Iran."

* Minahan, James (2002). Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: S-Z. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 1765. ISBN 978-0-313-32384-3 "Approximately (2002e) 18,500,000 Southern Azeris in Iran, concentrated in the northwestern provinces of East and West Azerbaijan. It is difficult to determine the exact number of Southern Azeris in Iran, as official statistics are not published detailing Iran's ethnic structure. Estimates of the Southern Azeri population range from as low as 12 million up to 40% of the population of Iran – that is, nearly 27 million..."</ref><ref>Rasmus Christian Elling, Minorities in Iran: Nationalism and Ethnicity after Khomeini, Palgrave Macmillan, 2013. Excerpt: "The number of Azeris in Iran is heavily disputed. In 2005, Amanolahi estimated all Turkic-speaking communities in Iran to number no more than 9 million. CIA and Library of congress estimates range from 16 percent to 24 percent – that is, 12–18 million people if we employ the latest total figure for Iran's population (77.8 million). Azeri ethnicsts, on the other hand, argue that overall number is much higher, even as much as 50 percent or more of the total population. Such inflated estimates may have influenced some Western scholars who suggest that up to 30 percent (that is, some 23 million today) Iranians are Azeris." [https://books.google.com/books?id=rWEbrv5oD8AC&pg=PT33&dq=argue+that+overall+number+is+much+higher,+even+as+much+as+50+percent+azeri&hl=en&sa=X&ei=WVJrUcnJE62g4AO5n4HADw&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230211033457/https://books.google.com/books?id=rWEbrv5oD8AC&pg=PT33&dq=argue+that+overall+number+is+much+higher,+even+as+much+as+50+percent+azeri&hl=en&sa=X&ei=WVJrUcnJE62g4AO5n4HADw&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA|date=2023-02-11}}</ref><ref name="Criticism">Ali Gheissari. ''Contemporary Iran: Economy, Society – Politics: Economy, Society, Politics''. Page 300. "Azeri ethnonationalist activist, however, claim that number to be 24 million, hence as high as 35 percent of the Iranian population." Oxford University Press. 2 April 2009.</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.terrorfreetomorrow.org/upimagestft/TFT%20Iran%20Survey%20Report%200609.pdf |title=Iran |publisher=[[New America Foundation]] |date=June 12, 2009 |accessdate=31 August 2013 |archive-date=2013-07-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130723044939/http://www.terrorfreetomorrow.org/upimagestft/TFT%20Iran%20Survey%20Report%200609.pdf |dead-url=no }}</ref> Dalam kasus apapun, populasi terbesar dari bangsa Azerbaijan di dunia hidup di Iran.

Hari ini, Islam Syiah [[Dua Belas Imam]] adalah [[agama negara|agama resmi negara]], yang dipeluk sekitar 90% sampai 95%<ref>{{cite book|author=Walter Martin|title=Kingdom of the Cults, The|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Yra4KhlMBYQC&pg=PA421|accessdate=24 June 2013|quote=Ninety-five percent of Iran's Muslims are Shi'ites.|date=1 October 2003|publisher=Baker Books|isbn=978-0-7642-2821-6|page=421|archive-date=2023-02-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230211033458/https://books.google.com/books?id=Yra4KhlMBYQC&pg=PA421|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Bhabani Sen Gupta|title=The Persian Gulf and South Asia: prospects and problems of inter-regional cooperation|url=https://archive.org/details/persiangulfsouth0000unse|quote=Shias constitute seventy-five percent of the population of the Gulf. Of this, ninety-five percent of Iranians and sixty of Iraqis are Shias.|year=1987|publisher=South Asian Publishers|isbn=978-81-7003-077-5|page=[https://archive.org/details/persiangulfsouth0000unse/page/158 158]}}</ref> penduduk. Sekitar 4% sampai 8% dari populasi adalah [[Muslim Sunni]], terutama [[Kurdistan Iran|Kurdi]] dan Baloch. Sisanya 2% adalah [[Agama minoritas di Iran|agama minoritas]] non-Muslim, termasuk [[Kekristenan di Iran|Kristen]], [[Yahudi Persia|Yahudi]], [[Baha'i]], [[Mandean]], [[Yezidi]], [[Yarsani]], dan [[Zoroaster]].<ref name="CIA" /><ref name="saving">{{cite web|last=Contrera |first=Russell |url=http://www.hollandsentinel.com/lifestyle/x1558731033/Saving-the-people-killing-the-faith |title=Saving the people, killing the faith |location=Holland, MI |work=The Holland Sentinel |date= |accessdate=2015-03-07 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306012853/http://www.hollandsentinel.com/lifestyle/x1558731033/Saving-the-people-killing-the-faith |archivedate=6 March 2012 }}</ref>

Yudaisme memiliki sejarah panjang di Iran, kembali ke [[Nabonidus#Penaklukan Persia dari Babilonia|Penaklukan Achaemenid dari Babilonia]]. Meskipun banyak yang meninggalkan Iran pada pembentukan Negara Israel dan Revolusi 1979, sekitar 8.756 orang Yahudi tetap di Iran, menurut sensus terakhir.<ref name=IranCensusMurder>{{cite web |url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/jewish-woman-brutally-murdered-in-iran-over-property-dispute/#ixzz3Ac6duaqw |title=Jewish woman brutally murdered in Iran over property dispute |work=The Times of Israel |date=November 28, 2012 |accessdate=Aug 16, 2014 |quote="A government census published earlier this year indicated there were a mere 8,756 Jews left in Iran" |archive-date=2020-04-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430094907/https://www.timesofisrael.com/jewish-woman-brutally-murdered-in-iran-over-property-dispute/#ixzz3Ac6duaqw |dead-url=no }}</ref> Iran memiliki populasi Yahudi terbesar di Timur Tengah di luar Israel.<ref>{{cite web|title=In Iran, Mideast's largest Jewish population outside Israel finds new acceptance by officials|url=http://www.foxnews.com/world/2014/11/26/in-iran-mideast-largest-jewish-population-outside-israel-finds-new-acceptance|accessdate=2015-09-01|archive-date=2015-10-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151014124935/http://www.foxnews.com/world/2014/11/26/in-iran-mideast-largest-jewish-population-outside-israel-finds-new-acceptance/|dead-url=no}}</ref>

Sekitar 250.000-370.000 orang Kristen berada di Iran,<ref name="Worldpopulationreview.com_November_29_2015c">{{cite web |url=http://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/iran-population/ |title=Iran Population 2015 |newspaper=World Population Review |date=2015 |accessdate=November 29, 2015 |archive-date=2014-04-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407145139/http://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/iran-population/ |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>Country Information and Guidance "Christians and Christian converts, Iran" December 2014. p.9</ref> dan itu adalah agama minoritas yang terbesar yang diakui di negara ini. Kebanyakan dari latar belakang [[Orang Armenia Iran|Armenia]] dengan minoritas yang cukup besar dari [[Orang Asiria di Iran|Asiria]] juga.<ref name="IRFR2009-Iran">{{cite web |author=U.S. State Department |title=Iran – International Religious Freedom Report 2009 |publisher=The Office of Electronic Information, Bureau of Public Affair |date=26 October 2009 |url=http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2009/127347.htm |accessdate=1 December 2009 |archive-date=2009-10-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091029231558/http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2009/127347.htm |dead-url=no }}</ref>

Kristen, Yahudi, Zoroastrianisme, dan Islam Sunni secara resmi diakui oleh pemerintah, dan mendapat kursi di Parlemen Iran.<ref name="Colin Brock p 99"/> Tapi Agama Bahá'í, yang dikatakan sebagai agama minoritas terbesar non-Muslim di Iran,<ref name="fdih2">{{cite web|date=1 August 2003|title=Discrimination against religious minorities in Iran|author=International Federation for Human Rights|publisher=fdih.org|accessdate=17 January 2009|url=http://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/ir0108a.pdf|format=PDF|page=6|archive-date=2006-10-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061031221624/http://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/ir0108a.pdf|dead-url=no}}</ref> tidak secara resmi diakui, dan telah dianiaya selama keberadaannya di Iran sejak abad ke-19. Sejak Revolusi 1979, [[penganiayaan Bahai]] telah meningkat dengan eksekusi, pengingkaran hak-hak sipil dan kebebasan, dan penolakan akses ke pendidikan tinggi dan pekerjaan.<ref name="fdih1">{{cite web|date=1 August 2003|title=Discrimination against religious minorities in Iran|author=International Federation for Human Rights|publisher=fdih.org|accessdate=19 March 2007|url=http://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/ir0108a.pdf|format=PDF|archive-date=2006-10-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061031221624/http://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/ir0108a.pdf|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name="ihrdc">{{cite web|author=Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|publisher=Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|title=A Faith Denied: The Persecution of the Bahá'ís of Iran|year=2007|accessdate=19 March 2007|url=http://www.iranhrdc.org/english/pdfs/Reports/bahai_report.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070611140854/http://www.iranhrdc.org/english/pdfs/Reports/bahai_report.pdf|archivedate=2007-06-11|format=PDF|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Kamali |first=Saeed |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/feb/27/bahai-student-expelled-iranian-university |title=Bahá'í student expelled from Iranian university 'on grounds of religion' |publisher=Guardian |date=27 February 2013 |accessdate=21 June 2013 |archive-date=2013-07-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130705123847/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/feb/27/bahai-student-expelled-iranian-university |dead-url=no }}</ref>

Pemerintah belum merilis statistik mengenai [[Ketidakberagamaan di Iran|ketidakberagamaan]]. Namun, jumlah penduduk yang tidak beragama tumbuh dan lebih tinggi di [[Diaspora Iran|diaspora]], terutama di kalangan [[Orang Amerika Iran#Agama|orang Amerika Iran]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081221105629/http://paaia.org/galleries/new-gallery/Survey_of_Iranian_Americans_Final_Report_Dec_10%202008.pdf Public Opinion Survey of Iranian Americans]. Public Affairs Alliance of Iranian Americans (PAAIA)/Zogby, December 2008. Retrieved April 11, 2014.</ref><ref name="irreligion">{{cite web |url=http://www.payvand.com/news/09/sep/1230.html |title=Disparaging Islam and the Iranian-American Identity: To Snuggle or to Struggle |publisher=payvand.com |date=21 September 2009 |accessdate= |archive-date=2014-05-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508070138/http://www.payvand.com/news/09/sep/1230.html |dead-url=no }}</ref>

<gallery mode="packed">

Iran mempunyai tingkat pertumbuhan penduduk di kawasan kota tertinggi di dunia. Dari tahun 1950 hingga tahun 2002, persenan penduduk kota meningkat dari 27% hingga 60%.<ref name="payvand2">{{cite web |url=http://www.payvand.com/news/03/nov/1135.html |title="Iran: Focus on reverse migration" |author=Payvand |accessdate=2006-04-17 |archive-date=2006-03-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060326185508/http://www.payvand.com/news/03/nov/1135.html |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref name="tourismandtravel">{{cite web |url=http://tourism.chn.ir/en/aboutIran/ |title="Tourism and Travel: About Iran" |author=Cultural Heritage New Agency |accessdate=17 April 2006 |archive-date=2006-08-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060823183650/http://tourism.chn.ir/en/aboutIran/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref>. PBB memperkirakan pada tahun 2030, populasi di kota akan mencapai 80% dari jumlah keseluruhan penduduk Iran.<ref name="tourismandtravel"/>. Tumpuan migrasi dalam negeri pula ialah [[Teheran]] yang merupakan kota terbesar di Iran. Teheran mempunyai penduduk sebanyak 7.160.094, dan kawasan [[metropolis]]nya pula sebanyak 14 juta. Kebanyakan industri Iran bertumpu di kota ini. Di antaranya ialah industri otomobil, elektronik, dan listrik, pembuatan senjata api, tekstil, dan industri kimia. Berikut adalah 8 kota terbesar Iran beserta jumlah penduduknya.

{{commons|Category:Iran}}

* {{en}} [http://www.leader.ir/langs/EN/index.php Situs Pemimpin Agung] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160311143643/http://www.leader.ir/langs/EN/index.php |date=2016-03-11 }}

* [http://www.farhangsara.com/ Farhangsara.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150801120529/http://farhangsara.com/ |date=2015-08-01 }}

* [http://www.britannica.com/nations/Iran Situs Encyclopaedia Britannica - "Iran"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080522005433/http://www.britannica.com/nations/Iran |date=2008-05-22 }}