Hizbullah: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Baris 1:
{{see also|Hizbullah (disambiguasi)}}
{{use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox political party
| name
| native_name
| native_name_lang
| logo
| leader1_title =
| leader1_name = [[Hassan Nasrallah]] (16 Februari 1992 sampai 27 September 2024) <br/> [[Naim Qassem]]
| foundation
| wing1_title = Sayap parlemen
| wing1 = [[Loyalitas pada Blok Perlawanan]]
Baris 13 ⟶ 14:
| wing2 = Perlawanan Islam di Lebanon
[[Brigade Perlawanan Lebanon]]
| ideology = [[Sekularisme]] (oknum)
| [[Nasionalisme Islam]]<ref>Ekaterina Stepanova, [http://books.sipri.org/files/RR/SIPRIRR23.pdf Terrorism in Asymmetrical Conflict: Ideological and Structural Aspects] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310143530/http://books.sipri.org/files/RR/SIPRIRR23.pdf |date=10 March 2016}}, Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, Oxford University Press 2008, p. 113</ref>
| [[Anti-Zionisme]]
| [[Anti-imperialisme]]<ref>{{cite book |last=Elie Alagha |first=Joseph |title=Hizbullah's Documents: From the 1985 Open Letter to the 2009 Manifesto |year=2011 |publisher=Amsterdam University Press |isbn=978-90-8555-037-2 |pages=15, 20 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b0ntL1fUi8kC&pg=PA15}}<br/>{{cite book |last=Shehata |first=Samer |title=Islamist Politics in the Middle East: Movements and Change |year=2012 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-78361-3 |page=176 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hhl_E-XAeLYC&pg=PA176}}<br/>{{cite journal |last=Husseinia |first=Rola El |title=Hezbollah and the Axis of Refusal: Hamas, Iran and Syria |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_third-world-quarterly_2010_31_5/page/803 |journal=Third World Quarterly |year=2010 |volume=31 |issue=5 |pages=803–815 |doi=10.1080/01436597.2010.502695}}</ref>
| [[Jihad#Syiah|Jihad Syiah]]<ref name="Shiite_jihad">{{cite report |author=Philip Smyth |date=February 2015 |title=The Shiite Jihad in Syria and Its Regional Effects |url=http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/uploads/Documents/pubs/PolicyFocus138_Smyth-2.pdf |publisher=The Washington Institute for Near East Studies |pages=7–8 |access-date=13 March 2015 |archive-date=2015-04-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402150705/http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/uploads/Documents/pubs/PolicyFocus138_Smyth-2.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
| [[Pemikiran politik dan warisan Ruhollah Khomeini|Khomeinisme]]<ref name="Shiite_jihad"/>
| [[Sentimen anti-Barat|Anti-Barat]]<ref>{{cite book |last=Levitt |first=Matthew |author-link=Matthew Levitt |year=2013 |title=Hezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God |page=356 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yTJeAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA356 |quote="Hezbollah's anti-Western militancy began with attacks against Western targets in Lebanon, then expanded to attacks abroad intended to exact revenge for actions threatening its or Iran's interests, or to press foreign governments to release captured operatives." |isbn=9781849043335}}<br/>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n9QycqW1qogC&pg=PA267 |title=An International History of Terrorism: Western and Non-Western Experiences |page=267 |quote=Based upon these beliefs, Hezbollah became vehemently anti-West and anti-Israel. |isbn=9780415635400 |last1=Hanhimäki |first1=Jussi M. |last2=Blumenau |first2=Bernhard |year=2013}}<br/>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-MkxxSUSTuEC&pg=PT421 |title=Criminology: Theories, Patterns & Typology |page=396 |quote=Hezbollah is anti-West and anti-Israel and has engaged in a series of terrorist actions including kidnappings, car bombings, and airline hijackings. |isbn=978-1133049647 |last1=Siegel |first1=Larry J. |date=3 February 2012}}</ref><ref name="bbc-hi-me"/>
| [[Antisemitisme]]<ref>[[Julius, Anthony]]. [https://books.google.com/books?id=BGkSLxDBNTgC&pg=PA529 ''Trials of the Diaspora: A History of Anti-Semitism in England'']. Via Google Books. 1 May 2015.<br/>Michael, Robert and Philip Rosen. [https://books.google.com/books?id=d5927rY-UgoC&pg=PA231 ''Dictionary of Antisemitism from the Earliest Times to the Present'']. Via Google Books. 1 May 2015.<br/>Perry, Mark. [https://archive.org/details/talkingtoterrori00perr/page/n175 <!-- pg=158 --> ''Talking to Terrorists: Why America Must Engage with Its Enemies'']. Via Google Books. 1 May 2015<br/>{{cite web |url=http://www.jpost.com/International/Analysis-Hezbollahs-lethal-anti-Semitism |title=Analysis: Hezbollah's lethal anti-Semitism |work=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref>
}} {{small|(secara resmi ditolak)}}<ref name=Gleis>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vYBtwkj78BUC&pg=PT63|title=Hezbollah and Hamas: A Comparative Study|author1=Joshua L. Gleis |author2=Benedetta Berti |year=2012|quote=|isbn=9781421406718}}</ref>
| headquarters = [[Beirut]], [[Lebanon]]
| slogan = {{lang-ar|فَإِنَّ حِزْبَ ٱللَّهِ هُمُ ٱلْغَالِبُونَ}}<br>"Maka sungguh, pengikut (agama) Allah itulah yang menang" {{cite Quran|5|56}}
| website
| colours
| colorcode
| religion
| national
| international =
| position
| seats1_title = [[Parlemen Lebanon|Parlemen]]<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Lebanon-Elections/2018/May-09/448707-interior-ministry-releases-numbers-of-votes-for-new-mp.ashx |title=Interior Ministry releases numbers of votes for new MPs |newspaper=The Daily Star |date=9 May 2018 |access-date=2021-05-18 |archive-date=2021-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308112628/http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Lebanon-Elections/2018/May-09/448707-interior-ministry-releases-numbers-of-votes-for-new-mp.ashx |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
| seats1
| country
| flag = <!--?: | war = {{ublist|class=nowrap |[[Perang Saudara Lebanon]] |[[Perang Lebanon 2006]] |[[Konflik Lebanon 2008]] |[[Perang Saudara Suriah]]}}-->▼
▲<!--?: | war = {{ublist|class=nowrap |[[Perang Saudara Lebanon]] |[[Perang Lebanon 2006]] |[[Konflik Lebanon 2008]] |[[Perang Saudara Suriah]]}}-->
}}
{{Infobox War Faction|
|war=[[Perang Saudara Lebanon]], [[Konflik Israel–Lebanon]], [[South Lebanon conflict (1985–2000)]], [[Perang Lebanon 2006]], [[Konflik Lebanon 2008]], [[Perang Saudara Suriah]] dan [[Iraqi Civil War (2014–2017)]]
----
Target utama dalam [[Perang Melawan Terorisme]]
|active=
|ideology={{Unbulleted list |class=nowrap
| [[Nasionalisme Islam]]<ref>Ekaterina Stepanova, [http://books.sipri.org/files/RR/SIPRIRR23.pdf Terrorism in Asymmetrical Conflict: Ideological and Structural Aspects] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310143530/http://books.sipri.org/files/RR/SIPRIRR23.pdf |date=10 March 2016}}, Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, Oxford University Press 2008, p. 113</ref>
| [[Anti-Zionisme]]
| [[Anti-imperialisme]]<ref>{{cite book |last=Elie Alagha |first=Joseph |title=Hizbullah's Documents: From the 1985 Open Letter to the 2009 Manifesto |year=2011 |publisher=Amsterdam University Press |isbn=978-90-8555-037-2 |pages=15, 20 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b0ntL1fUi8kC&pg=PA15}}<br/>{{cite book |last=Shehata |first=Samer |title=Islamist Politics in the Middle East: Movements and Change |year=2012 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-78361-3 |page=176 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hhl_E-XAeLYC&pg=PA176}}<br/>{{cite journal |last=Husseinia |first=Rola El |title=Hezbollah and the Axis of Refusal: Hamas, Iran and Syria |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_third-world-quarterly_2010_31_5/page/803 |journal=Third World Quarterly |year=2010 |volume=31 |issue=5 |pages=803–815 |doi=10.1080/01436597.2010.502695}}</ref>
| [[Jihad#Syiah|Jihad Syiah]]<ref name="Shiite_jihad">{{cite report |author=Philip Smyth |date=February 2015 |title=The Shiite Jihad in Syria and Its Regional Effects |url=http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/uploads/Documents/pubs/PolicyFocus138_Smyth-2.pdf |publisher=The Washington Institute for Near East Studies |pages=7–8 |access-date=13 March 2015 |archive-date=2015-04-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402150705/http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/uploads/Documents/pubs/PolicyFocus138_Smyth-2.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
| [[Pemikiran politik dan warisan Ruhollah Khomeini|Khomeinisme]]<ref name="Shiite_jihad"/>
| [[Sentimen anti-Barat|Anti-Barat]]<ref>{{cite book |last=Levitt |first=Matthew |author-link=Matthew Levitt |year=2013 |title=Hezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God |page=356 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yTJeAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA356 |quote="Hezbollah's anti-Western militancy began with attacks against Western targets in Lebanon, then expanded to attacks abroad intended to exact revenge for actions threatening its or Iran's interests, or to press foreign governments to release captured operatives." |isbn=9781849043335}}<br/>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n9QycqW1qogC&pg=PA267 |title=An International History of Terrorism: Western and Non-Western Experiences |page=267 |quote=Based upon these beliefs, Hezbollah became vehemently anti-West and anti-Israel. |isbn=9780415635400 |last1=Hanhimäki |first1=Jussi M. |last2=Blumenau |first2=Bernhard |year=2013}}<br/>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-MkxxSUSTuEC&pg=PT421 |title=Criminology: Theories, Patterns & Typology |page=396 |quote=Hezbollah is anti-West and anti-Israel and has engaged in a series of terrorist actions including kidnappings, car bombings, and airline hijackings. |isbn=978-1133049647 |last1=Siegel |first1=Larry J. |date=3 February 2012}}</ref><ref name="bbc-hi-me"/>
| [[Antisemitisme]]<ref>[[Julius, Anthony]]. [https://books.google.com/books?id=BGkSLxDBNTgC&pg=PA529 ''Trials of the Diaspora: A History of Anti-Semitism in England'']. Via Google Books. 1 May 2015.<br/>Michael, Robert and Philip Rosen. [https://books.google.com/books?id=d5927rY-UgoC&pg=PA231 ''Dictionary of Antisemitism from the Earliest Times to the Present'']. Via Google Books. 1 May 2015.<br/>Perry, Mark. [https://archive.org/details/talkingtoterrori00perr/page/n175 <!-- pg=158 --> ''Talking to Terrorists: Why America Must Engage with Its Enemies'']. Via Google Books. 1 May 2015<br/>{{cite web |url=http://www.jpost.com/International/Analysis-Hezbollahs-lethal-anti-Semitism |title=Analysis: Hezbollah's lethal anti-Semitism |work=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref>
}} {{small|(secara resmi ditolak)}}<ref name=Gleis>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vYBtwkj78BUC&pg=PT63|title=Hezbollah and Hamas: A Comparative Study|author1=Joshua L. Gleis |author2=Benedetta Berti |year=2012|quote=|isbn=9781421406718}}</ref>
|clans=* Unit 3800<ref name="iq">{{cite web |url=https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2016/11/hezbollah-fighters-train-iraqi-shiite-militants-near-mosul.php |title=Hezbollah fighters train Iraqi Shiite militants near Mosul - FDD's Long War Journal |date=5 November 2016 |website=longwarjournal.org}}</ref>
|headquarters=Lebanon
|size=
|partof=
|predecessor=
Baris 58 ⟶ 66:
'''Sekutu non-negara:'''
*{{flagicon image|Flag of the Amal Movement.svg}} [[Pergerakan Amal]]
*{{
*{{flagicon image|Flag of Hamas.svg}} [[Hamas]]
*{{Flagicon image|Hashd_Al-Sha%27abi_flag.svg}} [[Pasukan Mobilisasi Rakyat]]
Baris 65 ⟶ 73:
* {{flag|Israel}}<ref name="Hezbollah – International terrorist organization">{{cite web|url=http://mfa.gov.il/MFA/ForeignPolicy/Terrorism/Hizbullah/Pages/Hezbollah-International-terrorist-organization.aspx|title=Hezbollah – International terrorist organization|date=22 July 2013|publisher=Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs}}</ref>
* {{flag|Turki}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eurasiantimes.com/israel-impressed-how-turkish-army-crushed-hezbollah-in-idlib-syria/|title=Israel Impressed How Turkish Army Crushed Hezbollah In Idlib, Syria|first=Xavier|last=Francis|date=21 May 2020|website=Latest Asian, Middle-East, EurAsian, Indian News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.jpost.com/arab-israeli-conflict/israel-learned-from-hezbollahs-defeat-at-the-hands-of-turkey-628836/amp|title=Israel learned from Hezbollah's defeat at the hands of Turkey|website=The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.haaretz.com/middle-east-news/syria/turkish-strike-in-syria-kills-nine-hezbollah-members-according-to-source-1.8599581|title=Turkish strike in Syria kills nine Hezbollah members, according to source|website=Haaretz.com}}</ref>
*{{flag|Amerika Serikat}}
'''Lawan non-negara:'''
* [[Tentara Lebanon Selatan]]
* {{flagicon image|Flag_of_Jihad.svg}} [[Al-Qaeda]]
* {{flag|Negara Islam Irak dan Syam}}
* {{
* {{flagicon image|Flag of
*
|battles={{plainlist|
*[[Perang Saudara Lebanon]]
Baris 81 ⟶ 90:
*[[Perang Saudara Suriah]]
*[[Perang Saudara Irak (2014–2017)]]<ref name="iq"/><ref name="iq2"/>}}
|image=File:InfoboxHez.PNG}}
'''Hizbullah''' ([[bahasa Arab]]: حزب الله Hezbollah, [[bahasa Indonesia]]: "Partai Allah / Partai Tuhan") adalah organisasi [[Politik]] dan [[Paramiliter]] dari kelompok [[Syiah]] didirikan pada tahun [[1982]] yang berbasis di Libanon.<ref name="HG20Ak02">{{cite web |url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/HG20Ak02.html |title=Hezbollah's transformation |first=Dahr |last=Jamail |publisher=Asia Times |date=2006-07-20 |accessdate=2009-02-07 |archive-date=2006-07-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060720154531/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/HG20Ak02.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Sejak didirikan, organisasi ini telah berkembang menjadi organisasi yang bercampur ke dalam strukur sosial Lebanon melalui pelayanan sosial dan partisipasi aktif dalam politik sambil tetap melancarkan serangan teror internasional dan operasi-operasi militer regional. Kelompok ini secara rutin berselisih dengan Israel dan menentang pengaruh barat di Lebanon, dan yang paling baru adalah terlibat dalam perang saudara di Suriah sebagai pendukung pemerintah Assad.<ref name="CFR">{{cite web|url=http://www.cfr.org/publication/9155/hezbollah.html?breadcrumb=%2F|title=Hezbollah (a.k.a. Hizbollah, Hizbu'llah)|first=|last=|publisher=[[Council on Foreign Relations]]|date=2008-09-13|accessdate=2009-02-07|archive-date=2008-09-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080913091527/http://www.cfr.org/publication/9155/hezbollah.html?breadcrumb=%2F|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref name="HG20Ak02" /> Kelompok ini dianggap sebagai organisasi teroris oleh Amerika Serikat, Israel, Kanada, dan Australia.<ref name="UKHO">[http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/security/terrorism-and-the-law/terrorism-act/proscribed-groups British Home office official listing] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090318131118/http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/security/terrorism-and-the-law/terrorism-act/proscribed-groups |date=2009-03-18 }} of Proscribed terrorist groups</ref><ref name="UK ban">{{cite web|title=UK ban on Hezbollah military arm| first=|last=|publisher=[[BBC News]] |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/7485213.stm |date=2008-02-07|accessdate=2009-02-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nationalsecurity.gov.au/agd/WWW/nationalsecurity.nsf/Page/What_Governments_are_doing_Listing_of_Terrorism_Organisations_Hizballah_External_Security_Organisation |title=Australian National Security Listing |access-date=2009-02-08 |archive-date=2009-05-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090519054738/http://www.nationalsecurity.gov.au/agd/WWW/nationalsecurity.nsf/Page/What_Governments_are_doing_Listing_of_Terrorism_Organisations_Hizballah_External_Security_Organisation |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>[http://www.arabmediawatch.com/amw/CountryBackgrounds/Lebanon/MediaMyths/Hezbollahisaterroristorganisation/tabid/314/Default.aspx arabmediawatch.com]</ref>▼
'''Hizbullah''' atau '''Hezbollah''' adalah organisasi [[politik]] dan [[paramiliter]] dari kelompok teroris berbahaya beraliran Syiah yang didirikan pada tahun [[1982]] dan terletak di [[Lebanon]].<ref name="HG20Ak02">{{cite web |url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/HG20Ak02.html |title=Hezbollah's transformation |first=Dahr |last=Jamail |publisher=Asia Times |date=2006-07-20 |accessdate=2009-02-07 |archive-date=2006-07-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060720154531/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/HG20Ak02.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Sejak didirikan, organisasi ini telah berkembang menjadi organisasi yang bercampur ke dalam strukur sosial Lebanon melalui pelayanan sosial dan partisipasi aktif dalam politik sambil tetap melancarkan serangan perjuangan internasional dan operasi-operasi militer regional.
▲
Kelompok ini diduga kuat melakukan kejahatan perang saat revolusi rakyat Suriah , mereka melakukan berbagai pelanggaran HAM dan tindak asusila terhadap mereka yang menentang tirani Assad <ref name="HG20Ak02" />
== Organisasi ==
[[Berkas:HezbollahOrgChart.svg|jmpl|450px|Bagan Organisasi Hezbollah oleh Ahmad Nizar Hamzeh.]]{{Rapikan|Sub bagian}}
Pada awalnya para pemimpin
== Organ
Hisbullah mempunyai majalah mingguan ''Kabdat Alla'' serta penyiaran satelit, radio ''Al Nour'' dan televisi ''[[Al-Manar (jurnal)|Al-Manar]]'' yang pernah melakukan penyiarkan 29 bagian episode mengenai konspirasi Yahudi di seluruh dunia dengan judul ''Al-Shatat'' yang diklaim oleh sementara pihak sebagai alat [[Agitprop|agitasi dan propaganda]] yang bersifat menyebarkan [[Antisemitisme]] <ref>''Lihat:'' Avi Jorisch, "Al-Manar: Hizbollah TV," Middle East Quarterly, Winter 2004. ''lihat pula'' Lisbeth Rausing, "Frequenzen des Hasses. Wie die Hisbollah ihre Mordpropaganda nach Europe trdgt," Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (FAZ), Vol. 13, March 2004 (German).</ref><ref>"In the Israeli-occupied territories," declared the most prominent of the German participants, Christoph Zv bel, "force is used on a daily basis," as a result of which Hizbollah also thinks in terms of "changing the situation through the use of force." See "Die Hisbollah ist eine Kraft unter vielen," interview with Christoph Zv bel in JungleWorld, 25 February 2004 (German). On the relationship between Islamic anti-Semitism and Israeli policy, see Matthias K|ntzel, "The Roots of Delusion," on the website: http://www.matthiaskuentzel.de.</ref>
<ref>Leon Poliakov, Vom Antizionismus zum Anti-Semitismus (Freiburg: ca ira- Verlag, 1992), p. 104 (German).</ref> dan 3 bulan kemudian setelah penyiaran ''Al-Shafat'' sebuah lembaga Jerman bernama [[Friedrich Ebert Stiftung (FES)]] pusat pemikir yang dekat dengan [[Partai Sosial Demokrat Jerman]] (German Social Democratic Party - SPD) bersama-sama dengan
== Lihat pula ==
Baris 98 ⟶ 112:
== Pranala luar ==
* [http://www.moqawama.net/ Situs resmi
* [http://www.manar.com/ Jaringan TV Al-Manar]
* [http://www.al-nour.net/ Radio Al-Nour]
[[Kategori:
[[Kategori:Partai politik di Lebanon|Hezbollah]]
[[Kategori:
[[Kategori:Konflik
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