Pertempuran Monte Cassino: Perbedaan antara revisi

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Dewinta88 (bicara | kontrib)
Fitur saranan suntingan: 2 pranala ditambahkan.
 
(26 revisi perantara oleh 10 pengguna tidak ditampilkan)
Baris 15:
|combatant1 = {{flag|Britania Raya}}
*{{flagicon|Kemaharajaan Britania}} [[Kemaharajaan Britania|India Britania]]
{{flag|Amerika Serikat|1912}}<br>{{flag|Free France}}<br>{{flagicon|POL}} [[PasukanAngkatan Bersenjata Polandia di Barat|Polandia]]<br>{{flagicon|CAN|1921}} [[Sejarah militer Kanada pada Perang Dunia Kedua|Kanada]]<br>{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Australia]]<br>{{flagicon|NZL}} [[Dominion Selandia Baru|Selandia Baru]]<br/>{{flagicon|Afrika Selatan|1928}} [[Uni Afrika Selatan|Afrika Selatan]]<br>Ko-Belijeren:<br>{{flagicon|Kerajaan Italia}} [[|Tentara Ko-Beligeren ItaliaBelijren|Tentara Royalis[[Kerajaan Italia]]
<br/>{{flagicon|Algeria}} [[Free Algeria]]
[[Sekutu Perang Dunia II|dan lain-lain]]
|combatant2 = {{flagcountry|Jerman Nazi}}
*{{flag|Republik Sosial Italia}}<ref>{{cite journal|first=Luca|last=Villoresi|url=http://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/1994/06/03/barbarigo-teschi-memorie.html|title=Barbarigo Teschi e memorie|journal=[[La Repubblica]], Culture section|issue=3 June 1994|accessdate=24 April 2009|language=Italian|page=35}}</ref>
|commander1 = {{flagicon|UK}} [[Harold Alexander]]<br>{{flagicon|AS|1912}} [[Mark Wayne Clark|Mark Clark]]<br/>{{flagicon|UK}} [[Oliver Leese]]<br>{{flagicon|POL}} [[Wojtek]]<!--This covers Army Group and Army commanders. Anders and Juin were corps commanders and should not be listed -->
|commander2 = {{flagicon|Jerman Nazi}} [[Albert Kesselring]]<br>{{flagicon|Jerman Nazi}} [[Heinrich von Vietinghoff]]<br>{{flagicon|Jerman Nazi}} [[Fridolin von Senger und Etterlin|F. v. Senger und Etterlin]]
|units1 = [[Angkatan Darat Amerika Serikat Kelima|Angkatan Darat Kelima AS]]<br>[[Angkatan Darat Kedelapan (Britania Raya)|Angkatan Darat Kedelapan Britania]]
Baris 24 ⟶ 26:
|strength1 = 240,000 tentara<br>1,900 tank<br>4,000 pesawat<ref name="Farrington, K 1995 p. 45">Farrington, K, (1995), ''Battle for Victory''. Bookmart Ltd, p. 45</ref>
|strength2 = ~140,000 tentara<br>tank dan pesawat yang tidak diketahui jumlahnya
|casualties1 = 55,000 korban<ref name="Axelrod208">{{cite book|title=Real History Of World War II: A New Look at the Past|url=https://archive.org/details/realhistoryofwor00axel|last=Axelrod|first=Alan|authorlink=Alan Axelrod|publisher=Sterling Publishing Co Inc|year=2008|page=[https://archive.org/details/realhistoryofwor00axel/page/208 208]|isbn=978-1-4027-4090-9|oclc=|location=New York}}</ref>
|casualties2 = ~20.000 korban<ref name="Axelrod208"/>
|notes =
}}
{{Kotak Kampanye GarisJalur Musim Dingin}}
 
'''Pertempuran Monte Cassino''' (juga dikenal sebagai '''Pertempuran untuk Roma''' dan '''Pertempuran untuk Cassino''') adalah sebuah empat rangkaian serangan yang dilakukan oleh [[Sekutu Perang Dunia II|Sekutu]] melawan [[Garis Musim Dingin]] di [[Italia]] yang dibentuk oleh pasukan [[Blok Poros]] pada saat [[Kampanye Italia (Perang Dunia II)|Kampanye Italia]] [[Perang Dunia II|Perang Dunia Kedua]]. Pasukan Polandia akhirnya mengibarkan bendera mereka di reruntuhan biara kuno Monte Cassino, Italia, setelah berhasil menaklukan pasukan [[Jerman]]. Tempat itu merupakan salah satu benteng pertahanan Jerman semasa Perang Dunia Kedua.
 
Polandia - yang bergabung dengan Pasukan Sekutu pimpinan [[Amerika Serikat]] (AS) dan Britania Raya - bergerak ke arah biara yang berada di atas bukit itu pada pagi hari. Mereka baru bergerak enam hari setelah Sekutu membombardir salah satu pos strategis pertahanan Jerman di fronFront Barat, yang dikenal dengan nama "Jalur Gustav."
 
Sebelumnya, pasukan Britania Raya telah menguasai kota Cassino yang terletak di kaki bukit tempat biara itu berada. Setelah bombardir selama empat bulan, Sekutu akhirnya berhasil menaklukan pertahanan Jerman di Cassino dan, puncaknya, Monte Cassino.
 
Polandia tidak sendiri saat menyerbu Monte Cassino. Mereka pun dibantu oleh pasukan dari Britania Raya, Kanada, India dan Prancis.<ref> http://dunia.news.viva.co.id/news/read/151668-pertempuran_monte_cassino</ref>
 
== Pertempuran ==
=== Pertempuran Pertama ===
Pertempuran Monte Cassino Pertama meletusterjadi pada tanggal 17 Januari 1944 dimana Sekutu menyerang dari berbagai penjuru. Korps Britania ke-10 yang bertugas menyerang sisi kiri di garis pertahanan gustavGustav, namun mereka harus puas dengan kemenangan kecil mereka dikarenakan bala bantuan 2 divisi Jerman dari romaRoma mampu mengatur garis pertahanan mereka kembali. 2 Korps Angkatan Darat AS menyerang dari utara dan tengah namun sayang mereka juga tidak mengalami kemajuan besar dikarenakan medan yang tidak mendukung serta dukungan ranpur yang sedikit, sementara itu [[Pasukan Kemerdekaan PerancisPrancis]] menyerang dari sisi kanan dan juga berhasil merebut beberapa sasaran namun harus terhenti dikarenakan masalah suplai. Serangan ini dinyatakan gagal karena monteMonte cassinoCassino masih berada di tangan pihak poros.
 
=== Pertempuran Kedua ===
Pertempuran kedua dimulai pada bulan Februari 1944 dimana sebuah pasukan Britania Raya menyerang posisi pertahanan Jerman namun gagal. Pertempuran terus berlanjut pada 17 Februari ketika pasukan Britania Raya menyerang Bukit Monastery dan lagi-lagi penyerangan ini juga gagal, pada tanggal 18 Februari Jerman melancarkan serangan balik membuat pasukan Sekutu terpaksa harus ditarik mundur, dan pertempuran kedua ini pun juga mengalami kegagalan.
 
=== Pertempuran Ketiga ===
Pertempuran Ketiga pecah pada tanggal 15 Maret 1944 kala itu pasukan Selandia Baru melakukan penyerangan dengan mendapat dukungan artileri dan pesawat pembom, malam harinya pasukan Selandia Baru berhasil merebut 'castleCastle hillHill' sementara pasukan Britania Raya dibawah Mayjend Alexander Galloway melakukan penyerangan di bukitBukit hangmanHangman. Tanggal 17 Maret, pasukan Britania Raya berhasil merebut bukitBukit hangmanHangman dari tangan Jerman dan pasukan Selandia Baru berhasil merebut stasiun yang dianggap strategis. Sementara itu, pasukan Jerman sibuk memberi bala bantuan pada pasukan mereka yang masih bertahan di kota.
 
Tanggal 19 Maret, pasukanPasukan Sekutu melakukan penyerangan di Bukit Monastery dan Kota Monte Cassino sementara itu pasukan Jerman juga melakukan serangan kejutan di 'Castle Hill' yang menganggumengganggu jalannya penyerangan pasukan Sekutu di Bukit Monastery, sementara itu pasukan Jerman juga mengalami kemajuan kecil pada penyerangan di castleCastle hillHill (meski di castleCastle hillHill kekurangan dukungan infanteri). Pada hari berikutnya, komandan Sekutu mengirim bala bantuan ke castleCastle hillHill untuk memukul mundur pasukan Jerman, pertempuran pun berlanjut hingga tanggal 23 maret dimana pasukan Sekutu ditarik mundur karena kelelahan. Dalam pertempuran kali ini kedua belah pihak mengalami kerugian besar baik Sekutu maupun Jerman sendiri.
 
=== Pertempuran Keempat ===
Tanggal 11-12 Mei 1944, pasukan Sekutu membuka Pertempuran Monte Cassino keempat dengan tembakan artileri ke posisi pertahanan pasukan Jerman. Pasukan Sekutu yang terdiri dari AS, Britania Raya, Afrika Selatan, PerancisPrancis, Kanada, Selandia Baru, serta Polandia melakukan penyerangan, serangan ini membuat Sekutu mengalami kesuksesan besar. Pada tanggal 13 Mei pasukan PerancisPrancis sukses dalam merebut Monte Maiao yang berguna untuk mengamankan suplai pasukan Sekutu yang sedang bertempur di Lembah Liri.
 
== Catatan ==
Baris 59 ⟶ 62:
 
== Referensi ==
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=== PerancisPrancis ===
* [http://www.farac.org/php/article.php3?id_article=64 François Lescel (2002), ''Fédération des Amicales Régimentaires et des Anciens Combattants website article no. 366 (March 2002) "Goumiers, Goums, Tabors"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311035152/http://www.farac.org/php/article.php3?id_article=64 |date=2007-03-11 }} {{fr icon}}
 
=== Jerman ===
Baris 120 ⟶ 123:
== Pranala luar ==
* SMU's [http://digitalcollections.smu.edu/all/cul/fjd Frank J. Davis World War II Photographs] contain [http://digitalcollections.smu.edu/cdm4/results.php?CISOOP1=any&CISOBOX1=italy&CISOFIELD1=CISOSEARCHALL&CISOROOT=%2Ffjd&CISOSTART=1,73 95 images of Italy], including [http://digitalcollections.smu.edu/cdm4/results.php?CISOOP1=any&CISOBOX1=cassino&CISOFIELD1=CISOSEARCHALL&CISOROOT=%2Ffjd 28 photographs taken just after the Italian battle of Cassino]
* [http://battlefieldseurope.co.uk/ww2it.aspx Illustrated article on the Battle of Monte Cassino at Battlefields Europe] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080611072101/http://battlefieldseurope.co.uk/ww2it.aspx |date=2008-06-11 }}
* [http://www.montecassino-stiftung.de/en/index.html Richard Hartinger's Monte Cassino Foundation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090109044641/http://www.montecassino-stiftung.de/en/index.html |date=2009-01-09 }}
* [http://www.historicaleye.com/montecass.html Masters of Monte Cassino] The Polish II Corps' battle for the monastery
* [http://content.library.ccsu.edu/u?/VHP,5426 Oral history interview with Joseph J. Menditto, an infantryman in the Battle of Monte Cassino] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20121212153002/http://content.library.ccsu.edu/u?/VHP,5426 |date=2012-12-12 }} from the Veterans History Project at Central Connecticut State University
* [http://www.dalvolturnoacassino.it Dal Volturno a Cassino] a website that has as its main purpose to collect and disseminate information on both, notably to the battle of Cassino is to all those events less known, but it must be related, temporally preceding and the following. {{it icon}}
* {{Internet Archive short film|id=gov.dod.dimoc.20302|name="Combat Bulletin No. 4 (1944)"}}
Baris 134 ⟶ 137:
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Monte Cassino, Pertempuran}}
[[Kategori:Konflik padadalam tahun 1944]]