Emine Gülbahar Hatun: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Infobox royalty
| name = Emine Gülbahar Hatun<br>امينه كل بهار خاتون
| title = Valide-i macide<br/>Meliketü'l-Melikât<br/>Tâcü'l-mükerremât<br/>Fahrü'l-muazzamat<br/>Fatihetü'l-maeyâmin ve'l hayrat<ref>{{cite book|author=Necdet Sakaoğlu|author-link=:tr:Necdet Sakaoğlu|title=Bu mülkün kadın sultanları: Vâlide sultanlar, hâtunlar, hasekiler, kadınefendiler, sultanefendiler|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6WUMAQAAMAAJ&q=G%C3%BClbahar+h%C3%A2tun|publisher=Oğlak publications|year=2008|pages=110–112|isbn=978-9-753-29623-6}}</ref>
| image =
| image_size =
| caption = Makam Emine Gülbahar Hatun di kompleks pemakaman Masjid Fatih
| succession = [[Ibu suri|Ibu Suri Sultan Utsmaniyah]]<br>([[Gelar Utsmaniyah|Valide Hatun]])
| reign = 3 Mei 1481 – 1492
| reign-type =
| predecessor = [[
| successor = [[Hafsa Sultan]] sebagai ''valide sultan''
| birth_name =
| birth_date =
Baris 24:
| religion = [[Islam Sunni]]
}}
'''Emine Gülbahar Hatun''' adalah selir dari Sultan Utsmani [[Mehmed II]] atau Muhammad Al Fatih dan ibu dari [[Bayezid II|Bayezid II]].<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w4RpAAAAMAAJ&q=Gulbahar+Hatun+bayezid+ii+mother |title = Peoples and settlement in Anatolia and the Caucasus: 800-1900|isbn = 9780860782223|last1 = Bryer|first1 = Anthony|year = 1988| publisher=Variorum Reprints }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JXh6vjXt_4IC&dq=bayezid+ii+mother&pg=PA32 |title = The Ottoman Historical Monumental Inscriptions in Edirne|isbn = 9004050620|last1 = Th Dijkema|first1 = F.|year = 1977| publisher=BRILL }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Edmonds|first=Anna|title=Turkey's religious sites|publisher=Damko|isbn=975-8227-00-9|page=1997|year=1997}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Babinger|first=Franz|title=Mehmed the Conqueror and His Time|year=1992|publisher=[[Princeton University Press]]|isbn=0-691-01078-1|page=51}}</ref>
==Latar belakang==
Catatan resmi (''vakfiye'') menyebutnya sebagai Hatun binti 'Abdullah (perempuan putri Abdullah). Dalam tradisi Utsmani, penulisan Abdullah dalam silsilah tidak berarti nama ayah yang bersangkutan adalah Abdullah, tetapi istilah yang bermakna "hamba Allah", mengindikasikan bahwa yang bersangkutan merupakan seorang budak dari latar belakang non-Muslim. Sebagian menyatakan bahwa dia berasal dari Albania,<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Lyigun |first=Murat |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wTHJBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA119 |title=War, Peace, and Prosperity in the Name of God: The Ottoman Role in Europe's Socioeconomic Evolution |publisher=University of Chicago Press |year=2015 |location=London |pages=119 |isbn=9780226388434 |quote=Beyazit II... Gülbahar Hatun... Albanian...}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Edmonds |first=Anna |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xVbkAAAAMAAJ&q=An+Albanian+by+birth,+legend+also+has+it+that+Gulbahar+Hatun+was+a+French+princess+kidnapped+for+the+sultan's+harem. |title=Turkey's religious sites |publisher=Damko |year=1997 |isbn=975-8227-00-9 |page=211 |quote=An Albanian by birth, legend also has it that Gulbahar Hatun was a French princess kidnapped for the sultan's harem.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Babinger |first=Franz |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PPxC6rO7vvsC&pg=PA51 |title=Mehmed the Conqueror and His Time |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |year=1992 |isbn=0-691-01078-1 |page=51 |quote=Gülbahar bint Abdullah, whom Turkish legend subsequently transformed into a "daughter of the king of France," was a Christian slave of Albanian origin.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QuhrSgAACAAJ|title=Franz Babinger, Die Aufzeichnungen des Genuesen Iacopo de Promontorio - de Campis uber den Osmanenstaat um 1475|date=3 February 1956|publisher=München: C. H. Beck|page=56}}</ref> sedangkan pendapat lain menyebutkan Yunani sebagai tempat asalnya.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Ostovich |first1=Helen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UdLFAaLI49oC&pg=PA60 |title=The Mysterious and the Foreign in Early Modern England |last2=Silcox |first2=Mary V. |last3=Roebuck |first3=Graham |date=2008 |publisher=Associated University Presse |isbn=978-0-87413-954-9 |pages=60 |language=en |quote=Mehmed's eldest son was Bayezid or Beyazid II, whose mother, Gülbahar, was probably a Greek concubine.}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Lawler |first=Jennifer |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pAxeCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA72 |title=Encyclopedia of Women in the Middle Ages |date=2018-01-16 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-1-4766-0111-3 |pages=72 |language=en |quote=Gülbehar (15th century) Mother of Bayezid II, the famous Ottoman ruler. A slave girl of either Albanian or Greek heritage, she was a Christian and became the mistress of Mehmed II the Conqueror around 1450.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Lowry|first=Heath W.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=31j8T6XoigYC&pg=PA153|title=The Nature of the Early Ottoman State|publisher=SUNY Press|year=2003|isbn=978-0-7914-8726-6|page=153|language=en|quote=Mother of Bayezid II was Gülbahar Hatun (a Pontic Greek from the village of Douvera in Trabzon)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Freely |first=John |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kENpAAAAMAAJ |title=Inside the Seraglio: Private Lives of the Sultans in Istanbul |date=1999 |publisher=Viking Press |isbn=978-0-670-87839-0 |pages=9 |language=en |quote=Mehmet had become a father for the first time in January 1448, when his concubine Gülbahar gave birth to a son, the future Beyazit II. Little is known of Gülbahar's origins, but she was probably Greek, since the concubines in the imperial harem were almost always Christians...}}</ref> Sejarawan Albania Dhimitër Shuteriqi berpendapat bahwa dia adalah salah satu anak perempuan Gjergj Arianiti, tuan tanah dan bangsawan Albania yang berhasil memenangkan beberapa perang terhadap Utsmani.<ref>{{cite book|last=Shuteriqi|first=Dhimitër|editor=Zana Prela|title=Aranitët: Historia- Gjenealogjia -Zotërimet|year=2012|publisher=Toena|page=66|isbn=978-99943-1-729-5}}</ref>
== Rujukan ==
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