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'''IPv6''' (singkatan dari '''Internet Protocol version 6''') adalah versi terbaru dari [[Protokol Internet]] (IP), [[protokol komunikasi]] yang menyediakan sistem identifikasi dan lokasi untuk komputer di jaringan dan merutekan lalu lintas di [[Internet]]. IPv6 dikembangkan oleh [[Internet Engineering Task Force]] (IETF) untuk menangani masalah [[kelelahan alamat IPv4]] yang telah lama diantisipasi. IPv6 dimaksudkan untuk menggantikan [[IPv4]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ipv6.org.nz/|title=New Zealand IPv6 Task Force {{!}}|access-date=2020-06-20}}</ref> Pada Desember 1998, IPv6 menjadi Draft Standar untuk IETF,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2460.html|title=Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6) Specification|last=Deering <deering@cisco.com>|first=Stephen E.|website=tools.ietf.org|language=en|access-date=2020-06-20}}</ref> yang kemudian meratifikasinya sebagai Standar Internet pada 14 Juli 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.internetsociety.org/blog/2017/07/rfc-8200-ipv6-has-been-standardized/|title=RFC 8200 - IPv6 has been standardized|date=2017-07-17|website=Internet Society|language=en-US|access-date=2020-06-20}}</ref>
IPv6 memberikan manfaat teknis lainnya selain ruang pengalamatan yang lebih besar. Secara khusus, ini memungkinkan metode alokasi alamat hirarkis yang memfasilitasi [[agregasi rute]] di Internet, dan dengan demikian membatasi perluasan [[tabel routing]]. Penggunaan pengalamatan multicast diperluas dan disederhanakan, dan memberikan optimisasi tambahan untuk pengiriman layanan. Aspek mobilitas perangkat, keamanan, dan konfigurasi telah dipertimbangkan dalam desain protokol.
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Alamat IPv6 direpresentasikan sebagai delapan grup, dipisahkan oleh titik dua, dari empat digit [[heksadesimal]]. Representasi penuh dapat disederhanakan dengan beberapa metode notasi; misalnya, ''2001: 0db8: 0000: 0000: 0000: 8a2e: 0370: 7334'' menjadi ''2001: db8 :: 8a2e: 370: 7334''.
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IPv6 adalah protokol Lapisan Internet untuk pengerjaan [[Packet switching|paket-switched]] internet dan menyediakan transmisi datagram ujung-ke-ujung di beberapa jaringan IP, erat mengikuti prinsip-prinsip desain yang dikembangkan dalam versi protokol sebelumnya, [[IPv4|Internet Protocol Version 4]] (IPv4).
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Selain menawarkan lebih banyak alamat, IPv6 juga mengimplementasikan fitur yang tidak ada di IPv4. Ini menyederhanakan aspek-aspek konfigurasi alamat, jumlah jaringan, dan pengumuman router ketika mengubah penyedia konektivitas jaringan. Ini menyederhanakan pemrosesan paket dalam router dengan menempatkan tanggung jawab untuk fragmentasi paket ke titik akhir. Ukuran [[Subnetwork|subnet]] IPv6 distandarisasi dengan memperbaiki ukuran porsi pengidentifikasi host alamat menjadi 64 bit.
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Full text of "Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 28 of 2014 on Copyrights"
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LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA
NUMBER 28 OF 2014
ON
Arsitektur pengalamatan IPv6 didefinisikan dalam {{IETF RFC|4291}} dan memungkinkan tiga jenis transmisi: [[unicast]], [[anycast]] dan [[multicast]].<ref name="Rosen kernel networking">{{Cite book|title=Linux Kernel Networking: Implementation and Theory|author=Rami Rosen|publisher=Apress|year=2014|isbn=9781430261971|location=New York|oclc=869747983}}</ref>{{rp|210}}
COPYRIGHTS
== Perbandingan dengan IPv4 ==
BY THE BLESSINGS OF ALMIGHTY GOD
Di Internet, data ditransmisikan dalam bentuk [[paket jaringan]]. IPv6 menentukan format paket baru, yang dirancang untuk meminimalkan pemrosesan header paket oleh router.<ref name="rfc2460">{{Citation|title=Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6) Specification|date=December 1998|author=S. Deering|author2=R. Hinden|authorlink=Steve Deering|publisher=[[Internet Engineering Task Force]] (IETF)|rfc=2460}} Obsoletes RFC 1883.</ref> Karena header paket IPv4 dan paket IPv6 berbeda secara signifikan, kedua protokol tersebut tidak dapat dioperasikan. Namun, sebagian besar protokol transport dan lapisan aplikasi perlu sedikit atau tidak ada perubahan untuk beroperasi melalui IPv6; pengecualian adalah protokol aplikasi yang menyematkan alamat lapisan Internet, seperti [[File Transfer Protocol]] (FTP) dan [[Network Time Protocol]] (NTP), di mana format alamat baru dapat menyebabkan konflik dengan sintaksis protokol yang ada.
=== Ruang alamat lebih besar ===
PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA,
Keuntungan utama dari IPv6 dibandingkan IPv4 adalah ruang alamatnya yang lebih besar. Ukuran alamat IPv6 adalah 128 bit, dibandingkan dengan 32 bit di IPv4.<ref name="rfc24602" /> Oleh karena itu ruang alamat memiliki 2<sup>128</sup> = 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456 alamat (sekitar{{val|3.4|e=38}}). Beberapa blok ruang ini dan beberapa alamat khusus [[Alamat IP yang digunakan|digunakan untuk penggunaan khusus]].
Meskipun ruang alamat ini sangat besar, bukan maksud para perancang IPv6 untuk memastikan kejenuhan geografis dengan alamat yang dapat digunakan. Sebaliknya, alamat yang lebih panjang menyederhanakan alokasi alamat, memungkinkan agregasi rute yang efisien, dan memungkinkan implementasi fitur pengalamatan khusus. Dalam IPv4, metode [[Classless Inter-Domain Routing]] (CIDR) yang kompleks dikembangkan untuk memanfaatkan ruang alamat kecil dengan sebaik-baiknya. Ukuran standar subnet di IPv6 adalah 2<sup>64</sup> alamat, kuadrat dari ukuran seluruh ruang alamat IPv4, atau sekitar empat miliar kali lebih besar. Dengan demikian, pemanfaatan ruang alamat aktual akan kecil dalam IPv6, tetapi manajemen jaringan dan efisiensi perutean ditingkatkan oleh ruang subnet yang besar dan agregasi rute hierarkis.
Considering : a. that copyright is an intellectual property in the fields of
=== Multicasting ===
scientific, artistic and literary works that has a strategic
[[Berkas:IPv6 multicast address stracture-en.svg|jmpl|Struktur multicast di IPv6.]]
role in supporting the development of the nation and
[[Multicast]]ing, transmisi pengiriman paket ke berbagai tujuan dalam satu operasi pengiriman, merupakan bagian dari spesifikasi dasar dalam IPv6. Dalam IPv4 ini adalah fitur opsional (meskipun umum diterapkan).<ref name="rfc1112">{{IETF RFC|1112}}, ''Host extensions for IP multicasting'', S. Deering (August 1989)</ref> IPv6 multicast addressing memiliki fitur dan protokol yang sama dengan IPv4 multicast, tetapi juga memberikan perubahan dan peningkatan dengan menghilangkan kebutuhan akan protokol tertentu. IPv6 tidak mengimplementasikan siaran IP tradisional, yaitu pengiriman paket ke semua host pada tautan terlampir menggunakan ''alamat siaran'' khusus, dan oleh karena itu tidak menentukan alamat siaran. Dalam IPv6, hasil yang sama dicapai dengan mengirimkan paket ke ''semua node'' tautan-lokal grup multicast di alamat ff02 :: 1, yang dianalogikan dengan IPv4 multicasting ke alamat 224.0.0.1. IPv6 juga menyediakan implementasi multicast baru, termasuk menyematkan alamat titik pertemuan di alamat grup multicast IPv6, yang menyederhanakan penyebaran solusi antar-domain.<ref name="rfc3956">{{IETF RFC|3956}}, ''Embedding the Rendezvous Point (RP) Address in an IPv6 Multicast Address'', P. Savola, B. Haberman (November 2004)</ref>
promoting general welfare as mandated by the 1945
Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia;
Dalam IPv4 sangat sulit bagi organisasi untuk mendapatkan bahkan satu penugasan kelompok multicast yang dapat dialihkan secara global, dan implementasi solusi antar-domain bersifat misterius.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2908.html|title=The Internet Multicast Address Allocation Architecture|last=Handley|first=Mark|last2=Estrin|first2=Deborah|website=tools.ietf.org|language=en|access-date=2020-06-20|last3=Thaler|first3=Dave}}</ref> Penugasan alamat Unicast oleh [[registri Internet lokal]] untuk IPv6 memiliki setidaknya awalan perutean 64-bit, menghasilkan ukuran subnet terkecil yang tersedia di IPv6 (juga 64 bit). Dengan penugasan semacam itu, dimungkinkan untuk menyematkan awalan alamat unicast ke dalam format alamat multicast IPv6, sambil tetap memberikan blok 32-bit, bit paling tidak signifikan dari alamat, atau sekitar 4,2 miliar pengidentifikasi grup multicast. Dengan demikian setiap pengguna subnet IPv6 secara otomatis memiliki satu set grup multicast khusus sumber yang dapat dialihkan secara global untuk aplikasi multicast.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3306.html|title=Unicast-Prefix-based IPv6 Multicast Addresses|last=Haberman|first=Brian|last2=Thaler|first2=Dave|website=tools.ietf.org|language=en|access-date=2020-06-20}}</ref>
b. that the development of scientific, technological, artistic,
and literary works has been so rapid that it is necessary
to have stronger protection and guarantee legal
certainty of Authors, Copyright holders, and Related
Rights owners;
=== IPsec ===
c. that Indonesia has become a member of various
[[Internet Protocol Security]] (IPsec) pada awalnya dikembangkan untuk IPv6, tetapi menemukan penyebaran luas pertama di IPv4, di mana ia direkayasa ulang. IPsec adalah bagian wajib dari semua implementasi protokol IPv6, dan [[Internet Key Exchange]] (IKE) direkomendasikan, tetapi dengan RFC 6434 dimasukkannya IPsec dalam implementasi IPv6 diturunkan ke rekomendasi karena dianggap tidak praktis untuk memerlukan implementasi IPsec penuh untuk semua jenis perangkat yang mungkin menggunakan IPv6. Namun, pada implementasi protokol IPv6 RFC 4301 yang mengimplementasikan IPsec perlu mengimplementasikan IKEv2 dan perlu mendukung sekumpulan [[Kriptografi|algoritma kriptografi]] minimum. Persyaratan ini akan membantu untuk membuat implementasi IPsec lebih dapat dioperasikan antara perangkat dari vendor yang berbeda. Header Otentikasi IPsec (AH) dan header Payload Keamanan Enkapsulasi (ESP) diimplementasikan sebagai header ekstensi IPv6.<ref>{{Cite book|title=IPv6 Essentials: Integrating IPv6 Into Your IPv4 Network|author=Silvia Hagen|publisher=O'Reilly Media|year=2014|isbn=978-1-4493-3526-7|edition=3rd|location=Sebastopol, CA|page=196|oclc=881832733}}</ref>
copyright and related right treaties requiring further
implementation in the framework of national legal
system to enable national authors and creators to
compete internationally;
=== Mobilitas ===
d. that Law Number 19 of 2002 on Copyrights is unduly
Tidak seperti IPv4 seluler, [[IPv6 seluler]] menghindari [[perutean segitiga]] dan karenanya sama efisiennya dengan IPv6 asli. Router IPv6 juga dapat memungkinkan seluruh subnet untuk pindah ke titik koneksi router baru tanpa memberi nomor baru.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3963.html|title=Network Mobility (NEMO) Basic Support Protocol|last=Petrescu|first=Alexandru|last2=Wakikawa|first2=Ryuji|website=tools.ietf.org|language=en|access-date=2020-06-20|last3=Thubert|first3=Pascal|last4=Devarapalli|first4=Vijay}}</ref>
compatible with the legal developments and public
needs requiring its change with a new Law;
=== Ekstensi header ===
Header paket IPv6 memiliki ukuran minimum 40 oktet (320 bit). Opsi diterapkan sebagai ekstensi. Ini memberikan peluang untuk memperluas protokol di masa depan tanpa mempengaruhi struktur paket inti. Namun, RFC 7872 mencatat bahwa beberapa operator jaringan menjatuhkan paket IPv6 dengan header ekstensi ketika mereka melintasi [[Sistem otonom (Internet)|sistem otonom]] transit.
==== Jumbograms ====
- 2 -
IPv4 membatasi paket menjadi 65,535 (2<sup>16</sup>−1) oktet muatan. Sebuah node IPv6 secara opsional dapat menangani paket di atas batas ini, disebut sebagai jumbogram, yang dapat sebesar 4,294,967,295 (2<sup>32</sup>−1) oktet. Penggunaan jumbogram dapat meningkatkan kinerja melalui tautan [[Maximum transmission unit|MTU]] tinggi. Penggunaan jumbogram ditunjukkan oleh tajuk ekstensi Opsi Payload Jumbo.<ref name="rfc2675">{{IETF RFC|2675}}, ''IPv6 Jumbograms'', D. Borman, [[Steve Deering|S. Deering]], R. Hinden (August 1999)</ref>
== Paket IPv6 ==
Observing
{{utama|Paket IPv6}}
[[Berkas:Ipv6 header.svg|jmpl|Paket Header IPv6.]]
Paket IPv6 memiliki dua bagian: [[Header (komputasi)|header]] dan payload.
Header terdiri dari bagian tetap dengan fungsionalitas minimal yang diperlukan untuk semua paket dan dapat diikuti oleh ekstensi opsional untuk mengimplementasikan fitur-fitur khusus.
To enact
Header tetap menempati 40 [[Oktet (komputasi)|oktet]] pertama (320 bit) dari paket IPv6. Ini berisi sumber dan alamat tujuan, opsi klasifikasi lalu lintas, hop hop, dan jenis ekstensi opsional atau payload yang mengikuti header. Bidang ''Next Header'' ini memberi tahu penerima cara menafsirkan data yang mengikuti tajuk. Jika paket berisi opsi, bidang ini berisi jenis opsi dari opsi berikutnya. Bidang "Next Header" dari opsi terakhir, menunjuk ke protokol lapisan atas yang dibawa dalam [[Muatan (komputasi)|muatan]] paket.
e. that based on the considerations as referred to in point
a, point b, point c, and point d, it is necessary to make a
Law on Copyrights.
Ekstensi header membawa opsi yang digunakan untuk perlakuan khusus paket di jaringan, mis., Untuk perutean, fragmentasi, dan untuk keamanan menggunakan kerangka [[IPSec|IPsec]].
: Article 5 section (1), Article 20, Article 28 C section (1), and
Tanpa opsi khusus, payload harus kurang dari 64kB. Dengan opsi Jumbo Payload (dalam header ekstensi ''Hop-By-Hop'' ''Options''), payloadnya harus kurang dari 4 GB.
Article 33 of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of
Indonesia;
Berbeda dengan IPv4, router tidak pernah memecah sebuah paket. Host diharapkan untuk menggunakan [[Path MTU Discovery]] untuk membuat paket mereka cukup kecil untuk mencapai tujuan tanpa harus terfragmentasi. Lihat [[Paket IPv6#Fragmentasi|fragmentasi paket IPv6]].
With the Joint Approval of
THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
and
== Pengalamatan ==
THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA
[[Berkas:IPv6 address stracture-en.svg|jmpl|Struktur umum untuk alamat unicast IPv6.]]
[[Alamat IPv6]] memiliki 128 bit. Desain ruang alamat IPv6 mengimplementasikan filosofi desain yang berbeda dari IPv4, di mana subnetting digunakan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi pemanfaatan ruang alamat kecil. Dalam IPv6, ruang alamat dianggap cukup besar untuk masa mendatang, dan subnet area lokal selalu menggunakan 64 bit untuk bagian host dari alamat, yang ditunjuk sebagai pengenal antarmuka, sedangkan 64 bit yang paling signifikan digunakan sebagai prefix routing.<ref>{{IETF RFC|4291}}, p. 9</ref> Sementara mitos telah ada mengenai subnet IPv6 tidak mungkin untuk memindai, RFC 7707 mencatat bahwa pola yang dihasilkan dari beberapa teknik dan algoritma konfigurasi alamat IPv6 memungkinkan pemindaian alamat dalam banyak skenario dunia nyata.
=== Representasi alamat ===
HAS DECIDED:
128 bit alamat IPv6 diwakili dalam 8 grup masing-masing 16 bit. Setiap kelompok ditulis sebagai empat digit heksadesimal (kadang-kadang disebut [[hextet]]s<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FbYjJjZNA5gC&pg=PA55|title=IPv6 Fundamentals: A Straightforward Approach to Understanding IPv6|last=Graziani|first=Rick|date=2012-10-09|publisher=Cisco Press|isbn=978-0-13-303347-2|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dZU8BQAAQBAJ&pg=PT170|title=IPv6 Address Planning: Designing an Address Plan for the Future|last=Coffeen|first=Tom|date=2014-11-08|publisher="O'Reilly Media, Inc."|isbn=978-1-4919-0326-1|language=en}}</ref> atau lebih formal hexadectets<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u50QAwAAQBAJ&lpg=PP1&dq=practical%20ipv6%20for%20windows%20administrators&pg=PA17#v=onepage&q=17&f=false|title=Practical IPv6 for Windows Administrators|last=Horley|first=Edward|date=2014-02-28|publisher=Apress|isbn=978-1-4302-6371-5|language=en}}</ref> dan secara informal quibble atau quad-nibble<ref name=":0" />) dan grup dipisahkan oleh titik dua (:). Contoh representasi ini adalah ''2001: 0db8: 0000: 0000: 0000: ff00: 0042: 8329''.
Untuk kenyamanan dan kejelasan, representasi alamat IPv6 dapat disingkat dengan aturan berikut.
: LAW ON COPYRIGHTS.
* Satu atau lebih nol di depan dari grup mana saja dari digit heksadesimal dihilangkan, yang biasanya dilakukan ke semua nol di depan. Misalnya, grup ''0042'' diubah menjadi ''42''.
CHAPTER I
* Bagian nol berturut-turut diganti dengan dua titik dua (::). Ini hanya dapat digunakan sekali dalam satu alamat, karena beberapa penggunaan akan membuat alamat tersebut tidak pasti. RFC 5952 mensyaratkan bahwa titik dua ganda tidak digunakan untuk menunjukkan satu bagian nol yang dihilangkan.<ref name="Kawamura">{{Cite web|url=https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5952.html|title=A Recommendation for IPv6 Address Text Representation|last=Kawamura|first=Seiichi|last2=Kawashima|first2=Masanobu|website=tools.ietf.org|language=en|access-date=2020-06-20}}</ref>
Contoh penerapan aturan ini:
GENERAL PROVISIONS
: Awalan alamat: ''2001: 0db8: 0000: 0000: 0000: ff00: 0042: 8329''
Article 1
: Setelah menghapus semua awalan nol di setiap grup: {{IPaddr|2001:db8:0:0:0:ff00:42:8329}}
: Setelah menghilangkan bagian nol berturut-turut: {{IPaddr|2001:db8::ff00:42:8329}}
Alamat loopback ''0000: 0000: 0000: 0000: 0000: 0000: 0000: 0001'' didefinisikan dalam RFC 5156 dan disingkat menjadi '':: 1'' dengan menggunakan kedua aturan tersebut.
In this Law:
Karena alamat IPv6 mungkin memiliki lebih dari satu representasi, IETF telah mengeluarkan [[Alamat IPv6#gambaran|standar yang diusulkan untuk mewakili mereka dalam bentuk teks]].<ref name="Kawamura"/>
1. Copyright means an exclusive right of the author vested
automatically on the basis of declaratory principle after
Works are embodied in a tangible form without reducing by
virtue of restrictions in accordance with the provisions of
laws and regulations.
=== Alamat tautan-lokal ===
2. Author means a person or several persons who individually
[[Berkas:IPv6 link local unicast address structure-en.svg|jmpl|Struktur Alamat Tautan-Lokal Unicast di IPv6.]]
or jointly produce works that are unique and personal.
Semua antarmuka host IPv6 memerlukan [[alamat tautan-lokal]]. Alamat tautan-lokal IPv6 memiliki awalan ''fe80 :: / 10''. Awalan ini dikombinasikan dengan sufiks 64 bit, yang dapat dihitung dan / atau ditetapkan sendiri oleh tuan rumah — tanpa konfigurasi dan tanpa kehadiran atau kerja sama komponen jaringan eksternal seperti server DHCP.
64 bit yang lebih rendah dari alamat tautan lokal (suffix) aslinya berasal dari [[alamat MAC]] dari kartu antarmuka jaringan yang mendasarinya. Karena metode pemberian alamat ini akan menyebabkan perubahan alamat yang tidak diinginkan ketika [[kartu jaringan]] yang salah diganti, dan juga mengalami sejumlah masalah keamanan dan privasi, RFC 8064 telah mengganti metode berbasis MAC asli dengan metode berbasis hash yang ditentukan dalam RFC 7217.
3. Works mean any scientific, artistic, and literary works
resulted from inspiration, ability, thought, imagination,
dexterity, skill or expertise expressed in a tangible form.
=== Pengalamatan global ===
4. Copyright Holder means an Author as the Copyright owner,
[[Berkas:IPv6 global unicast address stracture-en.svg|jmpl|Struktur alamat unicast global di IPv6.]]
the party acquiring a lawful right from the Author, or other
Prosedur penugasan untuk alamat global mirip dengan konstruksi alamat lokal. Awalan disediakan dari iklan router di jaringan. Beberapa pengumuman awalan menyebabkan beberapa alamat dikonfigurasikan.<ref name="T. Narten pp. 54" />
parties who acquire subsequent rights from the party such
acquiring lawful rights.
Konfigurasi alamat stateless (SLAAC) memerlukan blok alamat / 64, sebagaimana didefinisikan dalam RFC 4291. [[Registri Internet lokal]] ditugaskan setidaknya / 32 blok, yang mereka bagi di antara jaringan bawahan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ripe.net/ripe/docs/ripe-512|title=IPv6 Address Allocation and Assignment Policy|date=8 February 2011|publisher=RIPE NCC|accessdate=27 March 2011}}</ref> Rekomendasi awal menyatakan penugasan sebuah ''/ 48'' subnet ke situs konsumen akhir ({{IETF RFC|3177}}). Ini digantikan oleh {{IETF RFC|6177}},yang "merekomendasikan memberikan situs beranda secara signifikan lebih dari satu / 64, tetapi tidak merekomendasikan bahwa setiap situs beranda diberikan / 48 baik". / 56 secara khusus dipertimbangkan. Masih harus dilihat apakah ISP akan menghormati rekomendasi ini. Misalnya, selama uji coba awal, pelanggan [[Comcast]] diberi jaringan tunggal / 64.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://corporate.comcast.com/comcast-voices/comcast-activates-first-users-with-ipv6-native-dual-stack-over-docsis|title=Comcast Activates First Users With IPv6 Native Dual Stack Over DOCSIS|last=Brzozowski|first=John|date=31 January 2011|website=corporate.comcast.com|publisher=Comcast|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=15 April 2019|url-status=}}</ref>
5. Related Right means any right related to Copyrights that
constitute the exclusive right of the performer, producer of
phonogram or Broadcasting organization.
== IPv6 dalam Sistem Nama Domain ==
Dalam [[Sistem Nama Domain]] (DNS), nama host dipetakan ke alamat IPv6 oleh catatan sumber daya [[Alamat IPv6#Sistem Nama Domain|AAAA]] ("quad-A"). Untuk resolusi terbalik, IETF mencadangkan domain [[.arpa|ip6.arpa]], di mana ruang nama secara hierarkis dibagi oleh representasi 1-digit [[heksadesimal]] dari unit [[nibble]](4 bit) dari alamat IPv6. Skema ini didefinisikan dalam RFC 3596
Ketika sebuah host dual-stack menanyakan sebuah server DNS untuk menyelesaikan [[fully qualified domain name]] (FQDN), klien DNS dari host tersebut mengirimkan dua permintaan DNS, satu query A record dan yang lainnya query aaaa records. Sistem operasi host dapat dikonfigurasi dengan preferensi untuk aturan pemilihan alamat RFC 6724.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=|first=|year=|title=Silvia Hagen (2014). IPv6 Essentials: Mengintegrasikan IPv6 ke Jaringan IPv4 Anda. O'Reilly Media, Inc. hlm. 176|url=https://en.wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781449335267|journal=Wikipedia|language=en|volume=|issue=|pages=|doi=}}</ref>
- 3 -
Tipe catatan alternatif digunakan dalam implementasi DNS awal untuk IPv6, yang dirancang untuk memfasilitasi penomoran ulang jaringan, catatan ''A6'' untuk pencarian maju dan sejumlah inovasi lain seperti ''label bit-string'' dan catatan ''[[Catatan CNAME#Catatan DNAME|DNAME]]''. Ini didefinisikan dalam RFC 2874 dan rujukan-rujukannya (dengan diskusi lebih lanjut mengenai pro dan kontra dari kedua skema dalam RFC 3364), tetapi telah tidak digunakan lagi dalam status eksperimental (RFC 3363).
6. Performer(s) means one or several persons who individually
or jointly display and perform works.
== Mekanisme transisi ==
7. Producer of Phonogram means a person or legal entity that
{{Main|mekanisme transisi IPv6}}
is the first to record and is responsible for performing voice
IPv6 tidak diramalkan akan menggantikan IPv4 secara instan. Kedua protokol akan terus beroperasi secara bersamaan untuk beberapa waktu. Oleh karena itu, [[mekanisme transisi IPv6]] diperlukan untuk memungkinkan host IPv6 untuk mencapai layanan IPv4 dan memungkinkan host dan jaringan IPv6 yang terisolasi untuk saling menjangkau melalui infrastruktur IPv4.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sixxs.net/faq/connectivity/?faq=comparison|title=FAQ : Connectivity (Tunnels and Subnets) : IPv6 Transition Mechanism / Tunneling Comparison :: SixXS - IPv6 Deployment & Tunnel Broker|website=www.sixxs.net|access-date=2020-06-20}}</ref>
recording or sound recording, both performance recording
and voice or other sound recording.
Menurut [[Silvia Hagen]], implementasi dual-stack dari IPv4 dan IPv6 pada perangkat adalah cara termudah untuk bermigrasi ke IPv6.<ref name=":1" /> Banyak mekanisme transisi lainnya menggunakan tunneling untuk merangkum lalu lintas IPv6 dalam jaringan IPv4 dan sebaliknya. Ini adalah solusi yang tidak sempurna, yang mengurangi [[Unit Transmisi Maksimum|unit transmisi maksimum]] (MTU) dari sebuah tautan dan karenanya mempersulit [[Path MTU Discovery]], dan dapat meningkatkan [[Latensi (teknik)#Latensi komunikasi|latensi]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6343.html|title=Advisory Guidelines for 6to4 Deployment|last=Carpenter <brian.e.carpenter@gmail.com>|first=Brian|website=tools.ietf.org|language=en|access-date=2020-06-20}}</ref>
8. Broadcasting Organization means any organizer of
Broadcasting, including public Broadcasting organization,
private Broadcasting organization, community Broadcasting
organization and subscription-based Broadcasting
organization who in performing the duties, functions and
responsibilities complies with the provisions of laws and
regulations.
=== Pelanggan ISP dengan IPv6 yang menghadap publik ===
9. Computer Program means a set of instructions that are
[[Berkas:IPv6 Prefix Assignment Example-en.svg|jmpl|500x500px|Mekanisme prefix penugasan IPv6 dengan IANA, RIR, dan ISP.]]
expressed in the form of languages, codes, schemes, or in
[[Penyedia layanan Internet]] (ISP) semakin memberikan kepada pelanggan bisnis dan pribadi mereka alamat IPv6 global yang dihadapi publik. Namun, jika di jaringan area lokal (LAN) IPv4 masih digunakan, dan ISP hanya dapat menyediakan publik yang menghadapi IPv6, alamat IPv4 LAN diterjemahkan ke publik yang menghadap alamat IPv6 menggunakan [[NAT64]], sebuah mekanisme [[Penafsiran alamat jaringan|terjemahan alamat jaringan]] (NAT). Beberapa ISP tidak dapat menyediakan pelanggan mereka dengan alamat IPv4 dan IPv6 yang menghadap publik, sehingga mendukung jaringan dual stack, karena beberapa ISP telah menghabiskan kumpulan alamat IPv4 yang dapat dirutekan secara global. Sementara itu, pelanggan ISP masih mencoba untuk mencapai [[server web]] IPv4 dan tujuan lainnya.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.juniper.net/documentation/en_US/junos/topics/concept/ipv6-dual-stack-understanding.html|title=Understanding Dual Stacking of IPv4 and IPv6 Unicast Addresses|author=Juniper TechLibrary|date=31 August 2017|website=www.juniper.net|access-date=13 March 2017}}</ref>
any form that is intended for a computer to perform specific
functions or to achieve certain outcomes.
== Keamanan ==
10. Portrait means a photographic work with a human object.
Sejumlah implikasi keamanan mungkin timbul dari penggunaan IPv6. Beberapa dari mereka mungkin terkait dengan protokol IPv6 sendiri, sementara yang lain mungkin terkait dengan kelemahan implementasi.<ref>{{citation|title=IPv6 Security for IPv4 Engineers|url=https://www.internetsociety.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/deploy360-ipv6-security-v1.0.pdf|last=Gont|first=Fernando|date=March 10, 2019|accessdate=August 30, 2019}}</ref>
=== Jaringan bayangan ===
11. Publication means any reading, broadcasting, exhibition of
Penambahan node yang mengaktifkan IPv6 secara default oleh produsen perangkat lunak, dapat mengakibatkan pembuatan ''jaringan bayangan'' secara tidak sengaja, menyebabkan lalu lintas IPv6 mengalir ke jaringan yang hanya memiliki manajemen keamanan IPv4. Ini juga dapat terjadi dengan peningkatan sistem operasi, ketika sistem operasi yang lebih baru mengaktifkan IPv6 secara default, sedangkan yang lebih lama tidak. Gagal untuk memperbarui infrastruktur keamanan untuk mengakomodasi IPv6 dapat menyebabkan lalu lintas IPv6 menerobosnya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.networkcomputing.com/ipv6-tech-center/shadow-networks-an-unintended-ipv6-side/232800326|title=Shadow Networks an Unintended IPv6 Side Effect - Network Computing|date=2013-04-11|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2020-06-20|archive-date=2013-04-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130411113334/http://www.networkcomputing.com/ipv6-tech-center/shadow-networks-an-unintended-ipv6-side/232800326|dead-url=unfit}}</ref> Shadow network telah terjadi pada jaringan bisnis di mana perusahaan mengganti sistem [[Windows XP]] yang tidak memiliki tumpukan IPv6 diaktifkan secara default, dengan sistem [[Windows 7]], yang melakukannya.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://www.ipv6forum.com/dl/books/ipv6forall.pdf|title=IPv6 For All: A Guide for IPv6 Usage and Application in Different Environments|last1=Cicileo|first1=Guillermo|last2=Gagliano|first2=Roque|last3=O’Flaherty|first3=Christian|last4=Rocha|first4=Mariela|last5=Morales|first5=César Olvera|last6=Martínez|first6=Jordi Palet|last7=Martínez|first7=Álvaro Vives|date=October 2009|page=5|display-authors=3|accessdate=March 2, 2013}}</ref> Beberapa implement IPv6 stack karenanya merekomendasikan untuk menonaktifkan alamat IPv4 yang dipetakan dan sebagai gantinya menggunakan jaringan dual-stack di mana mendukung IPv4 dan IPv6 diperlukan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-itojun-v6ops-v4mapped-harmful-02.html|title=IPv4-Mapped Addresses on the Wire Considered Harmful|last=Metz|first=Christopher|last2=Itoh|first2=Jun-ichiro|website=tools.ietf.org|language=en|access-date=2020-06-20}}</ref>
works using any means, either electronically or non-
electronically, or performing in any way so that works can
be read, heard, or seen by others.
=== Fragmentasi paket IPv6 ===
12. Reproduction means any process, act, or method of
Penelitian telah menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan fragmentasi dapat dimanfaatkan untuk menghindari kontrol keamanan jaringan, mirip dengan IPv4. Akibatnya, RFC 7112 mensyaratkan bahwa fragmen pertama dari paket IPv6 berisi seluruh rantai header IPv6, sehingga beberapa kasus fragmentasi yang sangat patologis dilarang. Selain itu, sebagai hasil dari penelitian tentang penghindaran RA-Guard di RFC 7113, RFC 6980 telah mencela penggunaan fragmentasi dengan Neighbor Discovery, dan mengecilkan penggunaan fragmentasi dengan Secure Neighbor Discovery (SEND).
Reproducing one or more copies of Works and/or
phonogram by any mean and in any form, permanently or
temporarily.
== Referensi ==
13. Fixation means the embodiment of sounds, images or both
{{Reflist}}
of them, which may be seen, heard, reproduced or
communicated through any device.
== Pranala luar ==
14. Phonogram means a Fixation of sound of a performance or
{{Wikiversity|IPv6}}
of other sounds, or of a representation of sound, exclusive
*[https://www.haifux.org/lectures/187 IPv6 in the Linux Kernel] oleh Rami Rosen
of the form of Fixation incorporated in a cinematography or
*[https://www.google.com/intl/en/ipv6/ Sebuah pengenalan dan statistik dari IPv6] oleh Google
other audiovisual Works.
*[https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8200 Dokumen standar yang meratifikasi IPv6] – Dokumen RFC 8200 meratifikasi IPv6 sebagai Standar Internet
{{Authority control}}
[[Kategori:IPv6| ]]
15. Broadcasting means a transmission of a Work or a Related
[[Kategori:Protokol lapisan jaringan]]
Rights product by wireless means to be received by anyone
[[Kategori:Protokol lapisan Internet]]
in any location away from originated transmission.
- 4 -
16. Communication to the public, hereinafter referred to as
Communication, means the transmission of Works,
performances, or Phonograms, by wire or other media other
than Broadcasting to be received by the public, including
producing Works, performances, or Phonograms available
for public access from a place and at a time individually
chosen by them.
17. Distribution means the sale, circulation, and/or
dissemination of Works and/or Related Rights products.
18. Proxy means an intellectual property consultant, or a
person authorized by an Author, Copyright Holder or
Related Rights owner.
19. Application means an application for the recordation of
Works by the applicant to the Minister.
20. License means a written permission granted by the
Copyright Holder or Related Rights Owner to other parties
to exercise the economic rights over their Works or Related
Rights product under certain conditions.
21. Royalty means remuneration for the utilization of Economic
Rights of Works or Related Rights product received by the
Author or Related Rights owner.
22. Collective Management Organization means an institution
of a non-profit legal entity that is authorized by the Author,
the Copyright Holder, and/or Related Rights owner to
manage their economic rights in the form of collecting and
distributing royalties.
23. Piracy means any unauthorized Reproduction of Works
and/or Related Rights products and distribution of goods
resulting from extensively to gain economic benefits.
24. Commercial Use means any use of Works and/or Related
Rights products with the purpose of gaining economic
benefits from various sources or by payment.
25. Damage means an amount of money imposed on infringer
of economic rights violations of an Author of a Copyright
Holder and/or a Related Rights owner under a court
decision in a civil or criminal case that is final and binding
for the loss suffered by the Author, Copyright Holder and/or
Related Rights owner.
- 5 -
26. Minister means the minister administering government
affairs in the legal field.
27. Person means a natural person or legal entity.
28. Day means a work Day.
Article 2
This Law applies to:
a. all Works and Related Rights products of Indonesian
nationals, residents and legal entities;
b. all Works and Related Rights products of non-Indonesian
nationals, non-Indonesian residents and non-Indonesian
legal entities making their first Publication in Indonesia;
c. all Works and/or Related Rights products and users of
Works and/or Related Rights products of non-Indonesian
nationals, non-Indonesian residents, and non-Indonesian
legal entities, provided that:
1. their State has a bilateral agreement with the Republic
of Indonesia regarding the protection of Copyrights and
Related Rights; or
2. their State and the Republic of Indonesia are State
parties to or Contracting States to the same
multilateral agreement regarding the protection of
Copyrights and Related Rights.
Article 3
This Law regulates:
a. Copyrights; and
b. Related Rights.
CHAPTER II
COPYRIGHTS
Part One
General
Article 4
Copyrights as referred to in Article 3 point a are the exclusive
rights comprising moral rights and economic rights.
- 6 -
Part two
Moral Rights
Article 5
(1) The moral rights as referred to in Article 4 are rights that
are eternally inherent to the Author to:
a. continue to include or to exclude their name on the
copy with respect to the public use of their Works;
b. use an alias or pseudonym;
c. change their Works to comply with appropriateness in
society;
d. change the title and subtitle of their Works; and
e. defend their rights in the event of a distortion of
Works, mutilation of Works, modification of Works, or
other acts which will be prejudicial to their honor or
reputation.
(2) The moral rights as referred to in section (1) cannot be
transferred as long as the Author is alive, but the exercise
of these rights is transferrable by testament or other
reasons in accordance with the provisions of laws and
regulations after their death.
(3) In the event of a transfer of the exercise of moral rights as
referred to in section (2), the recipient may release or refuse
the exercise of their rights with the condition that the
release or refusal to exercise these rights is expressed in
writing.
Article 6
In order to protect the moral rights as referred to in Article 5
section (1), the Author may have:
a. Copyright management information; and/ or
b. Copyright electronic information.
Article 7
(1) The Copyright management information as referred to in
Article 6 point a includes information about:
a. methods or systems that can identify the originality of
the substance of the Works and the Author; and
- 7 -
b. the information code and access code.
(2) The Copyright electronic information as referred to in Article
6 point b includes information about:
a. the Works, which appear and are embedded
electronically in connection with the activity of Works
Publication;
b. the Author's name, alias or pseudonym;
c. the Author as the Copyright Holder;
d. the period and conditions of the use of the Works;
e. number; and
f. information code.
(3) The Copyright management information as referred to in
section (1) and the Copyright electronic information as
referred to in section (2), which are owned by the Author,
are prohibited from being removed, changed, or damaged.
Part Three
Economic Rights
Paragraph 1
Economic Rights of
the Author or the Copyright Holder
Article 8
Economic rights are the exclusive right of the Author or the
Copyright Holder in order to gain economic benefits from the
Works.
Article 9
(1) The Author or the Copyright Holder as referred to in Article
8 has the economic rights to engage in:
a. publication of the Works;
b. Reproduction of the Works in all its forms;
c. translation of the Works;
d. adaptation, arrangement, or transformation of the
Works;
e. Distribution of the Works or their copies;
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f. performance of the Works;
g. Publication of the Works;
h. Communication of the Works; and
i. rental of the Works.
(2) Every Person who exercises the economic rights as referred
to in section (1) is obligated to obtain permission from the
Author or the Copyright Holder.
(3) Every person is prohibited from exercising Reproduction
and/or Commercial Use without any permission from the
Author or the Copyright Holder.
Article 10
Managers of business premises are prohibited from allowing the
sale and/or reproduction of goods resulted from Copyrights
and/or Related Rights infringements in the location under their
management.
Article 11
(1) The economic rights to engage in the Distribution of the
Works or copies as referred to in Article 9 Section (1) point e
do not apply to Works or copies that have been sold or
ownership of the Works has been transferred to anyone.
(2) The economic rights to rent out the Works or copies as
referred to in Article 9 section (1) point i do not apply to
Computer Programs where the Computer Program is not
the essential object of the rental.
Paragraph 2
Economic Rights to a Portrait
Article 12
(1) Every Person is prohibited from engaging in Commercial
Use, Reproduction, Publication, Distribution and/or
Communication of a Portrait taken for commercial
billboards or advertising purposes without the written
consent of the persons in the portrait or their heirs.
(2) The Commercial Use, Reproduction, Publication,
Distribution and/or Communication of the Portrait as
- 9 -
referred to in section (1), containing portraits of 2 ( two) or
more persons, are obligated to request the consent of the
persons in the Portrait or their heirs.
Article 13
The Publication, Distribution, or Communication of the Portrait
of a Performer or several Performers in a public performance are
not regarded as an infringement of Copyright, unless stated
otherwise or authorized by the Performers or holders of the right
to the performance prior to or during the performance.
Article 14
For the purpose of security, public interest, and/or necessity of
criminal proceedings, competent authority may engage in the
Publication, Distribution, or Communication of a Portrait
without having to secure the consent of the person or persons
depicted in the Portrait.
Article 15
(1) Unless agreed otherwise, the owner and/or holder of a
Works of photography, paintings, drawings, architectural
work, sculpture or other artistic works have the right to
make a Publication of the Works in a public exhibition or a
Reproduction in a catalog produced for exhibition purposes
without any consent of the Author.
(2) The provisions regarding the Publication of Works as
referred to in section (1) also apply to Portraits insofar as
they do not contradict the provisions as referred to in
Article 12.
Paragraph 3
Transfer of Economic Rights
Article 16
(1) Copyright is an intangible movable Object.
(2) A Copyright may be transferred, either in whole or in part
by:
a. inheritance;
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b. grant;
c. waqf;
d. testament;
e. written agreement; or
f. other justifiable reasons in accordance with the
provisions of laws and regulations.
(3) A Copyright may be used as an object of fiducia collateral.
(4) The provision regarding Copyright as the object of fiducia
collateral as referred to in section (3) is implemented in
accordance with the provisions of laws and regulations.
Article 17
(1) Economic rights to Works remain with the Author or the
Copyright Holder provided that the Author or the Copyright
Holder does not transfer all economic rights from the
Author or the Copyright Holder to the recipient of the
transfer of rights to the Works.
(2) The economic rights that have been transferred by the
Author or the Copyright Holder in whole or in part cannot
be transferred for the second time by the same Author or
Copyright Holder.
Article 18
The Works of books, and/or all other written works, songs
and/ or music with or without text that are transferred in a sold
flat agreement and/or indefinite transfers, are to be reverted to
the Author when the agreement reaches a period of 25 (twenty
five) years.
Article 19
(1) Copyrights owned by an Author that have not been, have
been, or are not Published, Distributed or Communicated
after the Author’s death become the property of the heirs or
his/her beneficiary.
(2) The provisions as referred to in section (1) are not
applicable if the rights are obtained in contravention to law.
- 11 -
CHAPTER III
RELATED RIGHTS
Part One
General
Article 20
The Related Rights as referred to in Article 3 point b are
exclusive rights that include:
a. moral rights of Performers;
b. economic rights of Performers;
c. economic rights of Producers of Phonogram; and
d. economic rights of Broadcasting Organizations.
Part Two
Moral Rights of Performers
Article 21
Moral rights of Performers are the right inherent to Performers
that cannot be eliminated or cannot be removed for any reason
even though their economic rights have been transferred.
Article 22
The moral rights of Performers as referred to in Article 21
include the right to:
a. have their name stated as Performers, unless agreed
otherwise; and
b. not create distortion of Works, mutilation of Works,
modification of Works, or matters that have the nature of
damaging personal honor or reputation unless agreed
otherwise.
Part Three
Economic Rights
Paragraph 1
Economic Rights of Performers
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Article 23
(1) Performers have economic rights.
(2) The economic rights of Performers as referred to in section
(1) include the exclusive right to authorize or prohibit others
from engaging in:
a. Broadcasting or Communication of performances of the
Performers;
b. Fixation of performances that have not been fixed;
c. Reproduction of the Fixation of performances by any
mean or in any form;
d. Distribution of the Fixation of performances or of
copies;
e. rental of the Fixation of performances or of copies to
the public; and
f. making available of the Fixation of performances to
public access..
(3) The Broadcasting or Communication as referred to in
section (2) point a is not applicable to:
a. Fixation of performances that have been authorized by
the Performers; or
b. Rebroadcasting or Recommunication of what has been
authorized by the Broadcasting Organization first
receiving the performance authorization.
(4) The distribution as referred to in section (2) point d does
not apply to performance works that has been fixed, sold or
transferred.
(5) Every Person may engage in a Commercial Use of Works in
a performance without prior authorization from the Author
by paying remuneration to the Author through a Collective
Management Organization.
Paragraph 2
Economic Rights of Producers of Phonogram
Article 24
(1) Producers of Phonogram have economic rights.
(2) The economic rights of Producers of Phonogram as referred
- 13 -
to in Section (1) include the exclusive right to authorize or
prohibit others from engaging in:
a. reproduction of Phonograms by any means or in any
forms;
b. distribution of original of Phonograms or of copies;
c. rental of copies of Phonograms to the public; and
d. making available, by wire or wireless means, of
Phonograms to public access.
(3) The distribution as referred to in section (2) point b is not
applicable to copies of performance Fixation that have been
sold or whose ownership have been transferred by the
Producer of Phonogram to other parties.
(4) Every Person exercising the economic rights of Producer of
Phonogram as referred to in section (2) must obtain
permission from the Producer of Phonogram.
Paragraph 3
Economic Rights of Broadcasting Organizations
Article 25
(1) Broadcasting Organizations have economic rights.
(2) The economic rights of Broadcasting Organizations as
referred to in Section (1) include the exclusive right to
authorize or prohibit others from engaging in:
a. Rebroadcasting of a broadcast;
b. Communication of a broadcast;
c. Fixation of a broadcast; and/or
d. Reproduction of a broadcast Fixation.
(3) Every person is prohibited from engaging in any
unauthorized commercial distribution for of the content of
broadcast works of Broadcasting Organizations.
Paragraph 4
Protection Limitations
Article 26
The provisions as referred to in Article 23, Article 24 and Article
25 apply to:
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a. use of short excerpts from Works and/or Related Rights
products for reporting actual events intended solely for the
purpose of providing current information;
b. Reproduction of Works and/or Related Rights products
solely for the purpose of scientific research;
c. Reproduction of Works and/or Related Rights products
solely for the purpose of teaching activities, except
performances and Phonograms that have been published as
teaching materials; and
d. use for the purpose of education and scientific development
that allows Works and/or Related Rights products to be
used without permission from Performers, Producer of
Phonogram, or Broadcasting Organizations.
Paragraph 5
Equitable Remuneration for
The Use of Phonograms
Article 27
(1) Phonograms that are available for public access by wire or
wireless means must be considered as Phonograms that
have been Published for commercial purposes.
(2) Users must pay reasonable remuneration to Performers and
Producer of Phonogram, if a Phonogram Published for
commercial purposes or a Reproduction of such
Phonogram, is used directly for Broadcasting and/or for
Communication.
(3) The right to receive reasonable remuneration as referred to
in section (2) applies for 50 (fifty) years from the date of
Publication.
Article 28
Unless agreed otherwise, Producer of Phonogram must pay
Performers 1/2 (one half) of their revenues.
Paragraph 6
Transfer of Economic Rights
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Article 29
The transfer of economic rights to Works as referred to in Article
16, Article 17 and Article 19 applies mutatis mutandis to the
transfer of economic rights to Related Rights products.
Article 30
The economic rights to a Performer's Work of songs and/or
music that have been transferred and/or sold, return to the
Performer after a period of 25 (twenty five) years.
CHAPTER IV
AUTHOR
Article 31
Unless proven otherwise, the one to be considered as the Author
is the Person whose name:
a. is stated in the Works;
b. is stated as the Author of the Works;
c. is stated in the certificate of Work Recordation; and/or
d. is listed in the general register of Works as the Author.
Article 32
Unless proven otherwise, a Person giving a talk without any
written material and no information regarding the Author of the
talk is available, is considered as the Author.
Article 33
(1) In the event that Works comprise several individual parts
created by 2 (two) Persons or more, the one that will be
regarded as the Author is he Person leading and overseeing
the completion of the entire Works.
(2) In the event that the Person who leads and oversees the
completion of the whole Works as referred to in section (1)
does not exist, the one that will be considered as the Author
is the Person who puts together the Works without
prejudice to respective Copyrights of each part of the
Works.
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Article 34
In the event that Works are designed by a person and embodied
and executed by other Persons under the direction and
supervision of the Person who designs, the one will be regarded
as the Author is the Person designing the Works.
Article 35
(1) Unless agreed otherwise, the Copyright Holder to Works
produced by an Author under employment of civil service
institution, the one to be regarded as the Author is the
government agency.
(2) In the event that the Works as referred to in section (1) is
used commercially, the Author and/or Related Rights
holders will receive remuneration in the form of Royalty.
(3) Further provisions regarding the payment of Royalties for
commercial use as referred to in section (2) are regulated in
a Government Regulation.
Article 36
Unless agreed otherwise, the Author and the Copyright Holder to
Works produced under an employment relation or based on
commission are the party producing the Works.
Article 37
Unless proven otherwise, in the event that a legal entity makes
Publication, Distribution, or Communication of Works originating
from the legal entity, without citing any person as the Author, the
one who will be regarded as the Author is the legal entity.
CHAPTER V
PROTECTED TRADITIONAL
CULTURAL EXPRESSIONS AND WORKS
Part One
Traditional Cultural Expressions and
Copyrights of Unknown Authors
Article 38
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(1) The Copyright of traditional cultural expressions is held by
the State.
(2) The State is obligated to take inventory, preserve, and
maintain traditional cultural expressions as referred to in
section (1).
(3) The use of traditional cultural expressions as referred to in
section (1) considers the values that live in the custodian
that practice them.
(4) Further provisions regarding Copyrights held by the State
on traditional cultural expressions as referred to in section
(1) are regulated in a Government Regulation.
Article 39
(1) In the event that the Author of Works is unknown and the
Works have not been Published, the Copyright of the Works
will be held by the State for the benefit of the Author.
(2) In the event that Works of unknown Author have been
Published, or listed only in alias or pseudonym of the
Author, the Copyright to the Works will be held by the party
who makes the Publication for the interest of the Author.
(3) In the event that Works have been published but the
Author and party who make the Publication are unknown,
the Copyright to the Works will be held by the State for the
interest of the Author.
(4) The provisions as referred to in section (1), section (2) and
section (3) are not applicable if the Author and/or parties
making the Publication may prove the ownership to the
work concerned.
(5) The interest of the Author as referred to in section (1) and
section (3) is executed by the Minister.
Part Two
Protected Works
Article 40
(1) Protected Works which include scientific, artistic, and
literary Works, comprise:
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a. books, pamphlets, typholographical arrangement of
published written work, and all other written works;
b. talks, lectures, speeches, and other similar Works;
c. visual aids made for educational and scientific
purposes;
d. songs and/or music with or without lyrics;
e. dramatic works, musical dramas, dances,
choreography, puppet shows, pantomimes;
f. fine art works in any forms such as paintings,
drawings, engravings, calligraphy, carvings,
sculptures, or collage;
g. applied art works;
h. architectural works;
i. maps;
j. batik art works or other patterns art;
k. photographic works;
l. Portraits;
m. cinematographic works;
n. translations, interpretations, alterations, anthologies,
databases, adaptation, arrangement, modification and
other works resulting from transformation;
o. translation, adaptation, arrangement, transformation,
or modification of traditional cultural expressions;
p. compilation of Works or data, whether in a readable
format by Computer Program or by other media;
q. compilation of traditional cultural expressions as long
as the compilation constitutes an original work;
r. video games; and
s. Computer Programs.
(2) The Works as referred to in section (1) point n are protected
as Works in their own right without prejudicing the
Copyright on the original Works.
(3) The protection as referred to in section (1) and section (2)
includes the protection for Works that have not been
Published but have already embodied in tangible form
allowing the Reproduction of such Work.
- 19 -
Part Three
Unprotected Works under Copyrights
Article 41
Works that are not protected by Copyrights include:
a. works that have not been embodied in tangible form;
b. every idea, procedure, system, method, concept, principle,
findings or data despite having been expressed, stated,
described, explained, or incorporated in a Work; and
c. tools, objects, or products that are created solely to resolve
technical problems or of which form only serves functional
needs.
Article 42
There is no Copyright to works of:
a. results of open meetings of State institutions;
b. laws and regulations;
c. State speeches or speeches of government officials;
d. court decisions or judge provisions; and
e. scriptures or religious symbols.
CHAPTER VI
COPYRIGHT LIMITATIONS
Article 43
Acts that are not considered as Copyright infringements include:
a. Publication, Distribution, Communication, and/or
Reproduction of State emblems and national anthem in
accordance with their original nature;
b. Any Publication, Distribution, Communication, and/or
Reproduction executed by or on behalf of the government,
unless stated to be protected by laws and regulations, a
statement to such Works, or when Publication,
Distribution, Communication, and/or Reproduction to such
Works are made;
c. taking of actual news, either in whole or in part from a
news agency, Broadcasting Organization, and newspaper or
- 20 -
other similar sources provided that the source is fully cited;
or
d. the production and distribution of the Copyrighted content
through information technology and communication media
that are not commercial and/or lucrative for the Author or
related parties, or the Author expresses no objection to the
manufacture and dissemination in question.
e. Reproduction, Publication, and/or Distribution of Portraits
of the President, Vice President, former Presidents, former
Vice Presidents, National Heroes, heads of State
institutions, heads of ministries/nonministerial government
agencies, and/or the heads of regions by taking into
account the dignity and appropriateness in accordance with
the provisions of laws and regulations.
Article 44
(1) Use, retrieval, Reproduction, and/or change of Works
and/ or Related Rights products in whole or substantial part
are not regarded as a Copyright infringement if the source
is mentioned or cited in full for the purpose of:
a. education, research, scientific writing, report writing,
writing of critique or review of a problem without
prejudicing the reasonable interests of the Author or
the Copyright Holder;
b. security and governance, legislative, and judiciary;
c. talks that are only intended for the purpose of
education and science; or
d. performances or shows that are free of charge provided
that they would not prejudice the reasonable interests
of the Author.
(2) Facilitating access to Works for persons who are blinds,
visually impaired or print disabled and/or users of Braille,
audio books, or other means, is not considered a Copyright
infringement if the source is mentioned or fully cited, except
for commercial purposes.
(3) In the event of Works in the form of architectural works, the
change as referred to in section (1) will not be considered a
- 21 -
Copyright infringement if it is based on considerations of
technical implementation.
(4) Further provisions regarding the facilitation of access to
Works for persons who are blind, visually impaired and
print disabled and using Braille, audio books, or other
means as referred to in section (2) are administered in
Government Regulation.
Article 45
(1) A Reproduction of 1 (one) copy or adaptation of a Computer
Program carried out by a legitimate user may be done
without the permission from the Author or the Copyright
Holder if the copy is used for:
a. research and development of the Computer Program;
and
b. archive or backup of the Computer Program acquired
legally to prevent loss, damage, or cannot be operated.
(2) If the use of the Computer Program has expired, the copy or
the adaptation of the Computer Program must be destroyed.
Article 46
(1) Reproduction for personal use of Works that has been
published may only be made for 1 (one) copy and may be
carried out without permission from the Author or the
Copyright Holder.
(2) The Reproduction for personal purposes as referred to in
section (1) does not include:
a. architectural works in the form of buildings or other
constructions;
b. an entire or a substantial part of a book or musical
notation;
c. an entire or a substantial part of a database in digital
form;
d. Computer Programs, except as referred to in Article 45
section (1); and
e. Reproduction for personal purposes of which exercise
contravenes the reasonable interests of the Author or
the Copyright Holder.
- 22 -
Article 47
Every non-commercial library or archival institution may
reproduce 1 (one) copy of the Works or part of the Works without
permission from the Author or the Copyright Holder by:
a. Reprographic reproduction of a writing that has been
Published, summarized, or abridged to meet the demand of
a person provided that:
1. the library or the archival institution ensures that the
copy will only be used for educational or research
purposes;
2. the Reproduction is made separately and if it is
repeated, that Reproduction must constitute unrelated
events; and
3. no License is offered by the Collective Management
Organization for the library or the archival institution
in regard to the reproduced section.
b. the reproduction of copies is for preservation, replacement
of required copies, or replacement of copies in the event
that the copy is lost, damaged, or destroyed from the
permanent collection at the library or other archival
institutions provided that:
1. it is impossible for the library or the archival
institution to obtain a copy in reasonable conditions;
or
2. the making of the copy is conducted separately or if
done repeatedly, the making of copies must be
unrelated events.
c. the reproduction of copies is intended for the purpose of
interlibrary, interarchival institutions, and between library
and archival institution Communication or information
exchange.
Article 48
Reproduction, Broadcasting or Communication of Works for
information purposes that specifies the source of and the name
of the Author in full are not considered as Copyright
- 23 -
infringements provided that the Works are in the form of:
a. articles in various fields that have been Published both in
printed media and electronic media, unless its copy is
provided by the Author, or is related to the Broadcasting or
Communication of the Works;
b. reports of actual events or short excerpts of the Works that
are viewed or listened to in certain situations; and
c. scientific papers, speeches, talks, or other similar Works
conveyed to the public.
Article 49
(1) Temporary Acts of Reproduction of Works are not
considered as Copyright infringement if the Reproduction
meets the following conditions:
a. it is done during the digital transmission or the
production of the digital Works in a storage media;
b. it is done by any Person authorized by the Author to
transmit the Works; and
c. it uses any tools equipped with automatic deletion
mechanism to prevent such Works to be displayed
again.
(2) Any Broadcasting Organization may make temporary
recording without authorization from the Author or the
Copyright Holder for the purpose of its activities using its
own equipment and facilities.
(3) Broadcasting Organizations are obligated to destroy the
temporary recording as referred to in section (2) not later
than 6 (six) months since its production or within a longer
period upon approval from the Author.
(4) Broadcasting Organizations may make 1 (one) copy of the
temporary recording that has particular characteristics for
official archival purposes.
Article 50
Every Person is prohibited from engaging in Publication,
Distribution, or Communication of Works that contravene
morals, religion, morality, public order, or national defense and
security.
- 24 -
Article 51
(1) The government may make Publication, Distribution, or
Communication of Works through radio, television and/or
other means for national interests without authorization
from the Copyright Holder, on the condition that it is
obligated to provide remuneration to the Copyright Holder.
(2) The Broadcasting Organizations making the Publication,
Distribution, or Communication of Works as referred to in
section (1) have the right to document the Works solely for
the Broadcasting Organizations on the condition that for
subsequent Broadcasting, the Broadcasting Organizations
must obtain authorization from the Copyright Holder.
CHAPTER VII
TECHNOLOGICAL PROTECTION MEASURES
Article 52
Every person is prohibited from damaging, destroying,
eliminating, or disabling the function of technological protection
measures used as a safeguard of the Works or Related Rights
products as well as the safeguard of the Copyright or Related
Rights, except for State defense and security purposes, as well
as other reasons in accordance with the provisions of laws and
regulations, or as agreed otherwise.
Article 53
(1) Works or Related Rights products using information
technology-based and/or high technology-based means of
production and/or data storage must satisfy the licensing
regulations and production requirements established by
relevant authorities.
(2) Further provisions regarding the information technology
and/or high technology-based means of production and/or
data as referred to in section (1) are regulated in a
Government Regulation.
- 25 -
CHAPTER VIII
COPYRIGHT AND RELATED RIGHTS CONTENT
IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
Article 54
To prevent the infringement of Copyright and Related Rights
using media based on information technology, the Government
is authorized to conduct:
a. supervision on the production and dissemination of
Copyrights and Related Rights infringing contents;
b. cooperation and coordination with various parties, either
domestic or international in the prevention of production
and dissemination of Copyrights and Related Rights
infringing contents; and
c. supervision on the acts of recording Works and Related
Rights products using any media in performance venues.
Article 55
(1) Every Person who is aware of an infringement of Copyright
and/or Related Rights through electronic systems for
Commercial use may report to the Minister.
(2) The Minister verifies the reports as referred to in section (1).
(3) In the event that sufficient evidence is found based on the
verification of the reports as referred to in section (2), upon
request of the complainant the Minister will recommend the
minister administering government affairs in the field of
telecommunications and information to block in part or in
whole the Copyrights infringing the content in the electronic
system or make the services of the electronic system
inaccessible.
(4) In the event of the blocking of Internet sites as referred to in
section (3) is done entirely, within a period of 14 (fourteen)
Days after the blocking, the Minister is obligated to request
a court provision.
- 26 -
Article 56
(1) The Minister administering government affairs in the field of
telecommunications and information pursuant to the
recommendations as referred to in Article 55 section (3)
may block the content and/or user’s access right that
infringes Copyrights and/or Related Rights in the electronic
system and renders the electronic system services
inaccessible.
(2) Further provisions regarding the implementation on
blocking content and/or user’s access right that infringes
Copyrights and/or Related Rights in the electronic system
or rendering the electronic service system as referred to in
section (1) are stipulated by a joint regulation of the
Minister and the minister holding the duties and
responsibilities in the field of communication and
information.
CHAPTER IX
DURATION OF
COPYRIGHTS AND RELATED RIGHTS
Part One
Duration of Copyrights
Paragraph 1
Duration of Moral Rights
Article 57
(1) The moral rights of Authors as referred to in Article 5
section (1) point a, point b, and point e endure for indefinite
term.
(2) The moral rights of Authors as referred to in Article 5
section (1) point c and point d endure for a term of
Copyright on the Works concerned.
Paragraph 2
Duration of Economic Rights
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Article 58
(1) Copyright protection for Works of:
a. books, pamphlets, and all other written works;
b. talks, lectures, speeches, and other similar Works;
c. props made for education and scientific purposes;
d. songs or music with or without lyrics;
e. dramatic works, musical dramas, dances,
choreography, puppet shows, pantomimes;
f. fine art works in all forms such as paintings, drawings,
engravings, calligraphy, sculpture, sculptures, or
collage;
g. architectural works;
h. maps; and
i. batik art works or other pattern arts,
endures for a term consisting of the life of the Author and
70 (seventy) years after the Author’s death, commencing
from 1 st January of the year following the event.,
(2) In the event that the Works as referred to in Section (1) is
owned by 2 (two) or more persons, Copyright protection will
endure for a term consisting of the life of the last surviving
Author and 70 (seventy) years after such last surviving
author’s death, commencing from 1 st January of the year
following the event.
(3) Copyright protection to the Works as referred to in section
(1) and section (2) owned or held by a legal entity endures
for 50 (fifty) years since its first Publication.
Article 59
(1) Copyright protection for Works of:
a. photographic works;
b. Portraits;
c. cinematographic works;
d. video games;
e. Computer programs;
f. typholographical arrangement of written works;
g. translations, interpretations, alterations, anthologies,
databases, adaptations, arrangements, modifications
- 28 -
and other work resulting from transformation;
h. translations, adaptations, arrangements,
transformations or modifications of traditional cultural
expressions;
i. compilation of Works or data, either in a readable
format by a Computer Program or other media; and
j. compilation of traditional cultural expressions insofar
as the compilation is an original work,
endures for 50 (fifty) years since the first Publication.
(2) Copyright Protection for Works of applied art endures for 25
(twenty five) years since the first Publication.
Article 60
(1) Copyrights on the traditional cultural expressions held by
the State as referred to in Article 38 section (1) endure
indefinitely.
(2) Copyrights to the Works of unknown Authors held by the
State as referred to in Article 39 section (1) and section (3)
endure for 50 (fifty) years since the first Publication.
(3) Copyright to the Works exercised by the party performing
the Publication as referred to in Article 39 section (2)
endure for 50 (fifty) years since the first Publication.
Article 61
(1) Duration of Copyright protection for Works of which
Publication made in parts is calculated from the date of
Publication of the final part.
(2) In determining the duration of Copyright protection for
Works consisting of 2 (two) volumes or more of which
Publication is periodic and not at the same time, each
volume of the Works is considered as a separate Work.
Part Two
Duration of Related Rights
Paragraph 1
Duration of Moral Rights of Performers
- 29 -
Article 62
The duration of moral rights as referred to in Article 57 applies
mutatis mutandis with respect to the moral rights of Performers.
Paragraph 2
Duration of Economic Rights of
Performers, Producers of Phonogram and Broadcasting
Organizations
Article 63
(1) Protection of economic rights for:
a. Performers, endures for 50 (fifty) years since the
performance is fixed in a Phonogram or in audiovisual;
b. Producers of Phonogram, endures for 50 (fifty) years
since the Phonogram is fixed; and
c. Broadcasting Organizations, endures for 20 (twenty)
years since the broadcasting work was first
broadcasted.
(2) The duration of economic rights protection as referred to in
section (1) commences from 1 January of the year following
the event.
CHAPTER X
RECORDATION OF WORKS AND RELATED RIGHTS PRODUCTS
Part One
General
Article 64
(1) The Minister administers the recordation and the
Invalidation of Works and Related Rights products.
(2) The Recordation of Works and Related Rights products as
referred to in section (1) is not a requirement to obtain
Copyright and Related Rights.
Article 65
The recordation of Works cannot be carried out for art paintings
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in the form of logos or distinctive signs that are used as marks
in the course of trade of goods/services or used as a symbol of
an organization, business entity or legal entity.
Part Two
Procedures for Recordation
Article 66
(1) The recordation of Works and Related Rights products is
filed with written Application in the Indonesian language by
the Author, Copyright Holder, Related Rights owner, or
his/her Proxy to the Minister.
(2) The Application as referred to in section (1) filed
electronically and/or non-electronically must:
a. deposit a sample of Works, Related Rights products, or
its substitution;
b. attach a statement of ownership of the Works and
Related Rights; and
c. pay fees.
Article 67
(1) In the event that the Application as referred to in Article 66
section (1) is filed by:
a. several persons who are jointly entitled to the Works or
Related Rights products, the Application will be
enclosed with a written statement corroborating such
rights; or
b. legal entities, the Application will be enclosed with a
certified true copy of the deed of establishment of the
legal entity that has been certified by competent
authorities.
(2) In the event that the Application is filed by several persons,
all the applicants' names must be written by determining
one selected address of applicant.
(3) In the event that the Application is filed by an applicant
who originates from outside the territory of the Unitary
State of the Republic Indonesia, the Application is required
to file through a registered intellectual property consultant
as the Proxy.
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Article 68
(1) The Minister conducts an examination to the Application
that has satisfied the requirements as referred to in Article
66 and Article 67.
(2) The examination as referred to in section (1) is conducted to
determine whether the Works or Related Rights products
filed are essentially the same or else to the Works recorded
in the general registry of Works or other intellectual
property objects.
(3) The results of the examination as referred to in section (1)
are used as consideration for the Ministers to accept or
refuse the application.
(4) The Minister decides to accept or refuse the application not
later than 9 (nine) months from the date of receipt of the
Application satisfying the requirements as referred to in
Article 66 and Article 67.
Article 69
(1) In the event that the Minister accepts the application as
referred to in Article 68 section (4), the Minister issues a
certificate of Work recordation and record it in the general
register of Works.
(2) The general register of Works as referred to in section (1)
specifies:
a. the name of the Author and the Copyright Holder, or
the name of the owner of the Related Rights products;
b. the date of receipt of the Application;
c. the date of completion of the requirements as referred
to in Article 66 and Article 67; and
d. number of registration of the Works or the Related
Rights products.
(3) The general register of Works as referred to in section (2)
may be viewed by every Person for free.
(4) Unless proven otherwise, the certificate of Work recordation
as referred to in section (1) is the preliminary proof of
ownership to Works or Related Rights products.
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Article 70
In the event that the Minister refuses the Application as referred
to in Article 68 section (4), the Minister will notify the refusal in
writing to the applicant with reasons.
Article 71
(1) Works of Related Rights products recorded in the general
register of Works as referred to in Article 69 section (1) may
be issued an official excerpt.
(2) Every Person may obtain the official excerpt as referred to
in section (1) that is subject to fees.
Article 72
The Recordation of Works or Related Rights products in the
general register of Works does not constitute an endorsement of
the content, meaning, purpose, or shape of the Works or Related
Rights products being recorded.
Article 73
Further provisions regarding procedures for recordation of
Works and Related Rights products are regulated in a
Government Regulation.
Part Three
Invalidation of the Recordation of
Works and Related Rights Products
Article 74
(1) The recordation of Works and Related Rights is invalid due
to:
a. a request of the person or legal entity whose name is
recorded as the Author, Copyright Holder or Related
Rights owner;
b. the lapse of time as referred to in Article 58, Article 59,
Article 60 section (2) and section (3) and Article 61;
c. court decision that has been final and binding
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regarding the cancellation of recordation of Works or
Related Rights product; or
d. violation of religious norms, norms of morality, public
order, State defense and security, or laws and
regulations of which invalidation is executed by the
Minister.
(2) Invalidation of recordation of Works upon request of the
person or legal entity whose name is recorded as the
Author, the Copyright Holder, or Related Rights owner as
referred to in section (1) point a is subject to fees.
Article 75
Further provisions regarding invalidation of the recordation of
Works and Related Rights products as referred to in Article 74
are regulated in a Government Regulation.
Part Four
Transfer of Rights to Recordation of
Works and Related Rights Products
Article 76
(1) The transfer of Rights to the recordation of Works and
Related Rights products as referred to in Article 69 section
(1) may be made if the entire Copyright to the recorded
Works is transferred to the right recipient.
(2) The Transfer of Rights as referred to in section (1) is done
by submitting a request in writing from both sides or from
the rights recipient to the Minister.
(3) The Transfer of Rights as referred to in section (2) is
recorded in the general register of Works and subject to
fees.
Article 77
Further provisions regarding the transfer of rights to recordation
of Works and Related Rights products as referred to in Article 76
are regulated in a Government Regulation.
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Part Five
Changes in Name and/or Address
Article 78
(1) Changes in name and/or address of the person or legal
entity of which name is recorded in the general register of
Works as the Author, the Copyright Holder, or the owner of
Related Rights products are carried out by submitting an
Application in writing from the Author, the Copyright
Holder, or the owner of the Related Rights products who is
the owner of that name and address to the Minister.
(2) Changes in name and/or address of the person or legal
entity of which name is recorded in the general register of
Works as the Author, the Copyright Holder, or the owner of
Related Rights are recorded in the general register of Works
and subject to fees.
Article 79
Further provisions regarding the changes in name and/or
address as referred to in Article 78 are regulated in a
Government Regulation.
CHAPTER XI
LICENSE AND COMPULSORY LICENSE
Part One
License
Article 80
(1) Unless agreed otherwise, Copyright holders or Related
Rights owners have the right to grant a license to other
parties pursuant to a written agreement to carry out the
acts as referred to in Article 9 section (1), Article 23 section
(2), Article 24 section (2), and Article 25 section (2).
(2) The Licensing Agreement as referred to in section (1) takes
into effect for a certain period without exceeding the
duration of the Copyright and Related Rights.
(3) Unless agreed otherwise, the exercise of the acts as referred
- 35 -
to in section (1) entails obligation of the Licensee to pay
Royalties to the Copyright Holder or Related Rights owner
during the Licensing period.
(4) The determination of the amount of Royalty as referred to in
Section (3) and procedures for granting Royalties is based
on the Licensing agreement between the Copyright Holder
or Related Rights owner and the Licensee.
(5) The amount of Royalty in the License agreement must be
determined based on the prevailing best practices and serve
the equitable principle.
Article 81
Unless agreed otherwise, Copyright Holders or Related Rights
owners may exercise on their own or grant a License to a third
party to exercise the acts as referred to in Article 9 section (1),
Article 23 section (2), Article 24 section (2), and Article 25
section (2).
Article 82
(1) Licensing agreements are prohibited from including
provisions that bring damages to the Indonesian economy.
(2) Content of the Licensing agreements is prohibited from
contravening the provisions of laws and regulations.
(3) Licensing agreements are prohibited from becoming means
to eliminate or take over all the rights of Authors to their
Works.
Article 83
(1) Licensing Agreements must be recorded by the Minister in
the general register of Copyright License Agreements and
subject to fees.
(2) Licensing Agreements that do not comply with the
provisions as referred to in Article 82 may not be recorded
in the general register of Licensing agreements.
(3) If a Licensing agreement is not recorded in the general
register as referred to in section (1), the Licensing
agreement does not have legal effects to third parties.
(4) Further provisions regarding the procedures for recordation
of Licensing Agreements as referred to in section (1) are
regulated in a Government Regulation.
- 36 -
Part Two
Compulsory License
Article 84
A compulsory license is a License to carry out translation and/or
Reproduction of scientific and literary Works which are granted
under the decision of the Minister upon request for the purposes
of education and/or science as well as research and
development activities.
Article 85
Every Person may apply for a compulsory license of scientific
and literary Works as referred to in Article 84 for the purposes of
education, science, and research and development activities to
the Minister.
Article 86
(1) With respect to the request for a compulsory license as
referred to in Article 85, the Minister may:
a. oblige the Copyright Holder to do their own translation
and/or Reproduction of Works in the territory of the
Republic of Indonesia within a specified time;
b. oblige concerned Copyright Holder to authorize other
parties to carry out the translation and/or
Reproduction of Works in the territory of the Republic
Indonesia within a specified period where the
Copyright Holder does not do on their own; or
c. appoint other parties to do the translation and/or
Reproduction of the Works in the event that the
Copyright Holder does not carry out the obligations as
referred to in point b.
(2) The Obligation to do the translation as referred to in section
(1) is implemented after a lapse of a period of 3 (three) years
since the scientific and literary Works are published insofar
as the works have never been translated into the
Indonesian language.
(3) The obligation to perform Reproduction as referred to in
section (1) is implemented after the lapse of a period of:
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a. 3 (three) years since a book in the field of mathematics
and natural sciences has been Published and the book
has never been Reproduced in the territory of the
Unitary Republic of Indonesia;
b. 3 (three) years since a book in the field of social
sciences has been Published and the book has not
been Reproduced in the territory of the Unitary State of
Republic of Indonesia; and
c. 3 (three) years since a book in the field of arts and
literature has been Published and the book has never
been Reproduced in the territory of the Unitary State of
the Republic of Indonesia.
(4) The Translation or Reproduction as referred to in section (1)
may only be used in the territory of the Unitary State of the
Republic of Indonesia.
(5) The implementation of the provisions as referred to in
section (1) point b and point c entails reasonable
remuneration.
(6) Further provisions regarding compulsory licenses are
regulated in a Government Regulation.
CHAPTER XII
COLLECTIVE MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATIONS
Article 87
(1) In order to obtain the economic rights, every Author,
Copyright Holder, and Related Rights owner become
members of a Collective Management Organization in order
to collect reasonable remuneration from users who use the
Copyright and Related Rights in non-commercial public
service.
(2) Copyright and Related Rights Users, who use the Rights as
referred to in section (1), pay Royalties to the Author,
Copyright Holder, or Related Rights owners through a
Collective Management Organization.
(3) The Users as referred to in section (1) enter into an
agreement with the Collective Management Organization
stipulating the obligation to pay the Royalties for the
- 38 -
Copyright and Related Rights being used.
(4) The commercial use of Works and/or Related Rights
products by users is not considered an infringement of this
Law insofar as the user has done and has fulfilled the
obligations under the agreement with the Collective
Management Organization.
Article 88
(1) The Collective Management Organization as referred to in
Article 87 section (1) is obligated to submit Application for
operational permit to the Minister.
(2) Operational permit as referred to in section (1) fulfills the
requirements of:
a. being a non-profit Indonesian legal entity;
b. being authorized by the Author, Copyright Holder, or
Related Rights owners to collect, and distribute
royalties;
c. having mandate givers as members for at least 200
(two hundred) Authors for Collective Management
Organizations in the field of songs and/or music that
represent the interests of authors and at least 50 (fifty)
for Collective Management Organizations representing
Related Rights owners and/or other Copyright objects;
d. having the objective to collect and distribute Royalties;
and
e. being able to collect and distribute royalties to
Authors, Copyright Holders or Related Rights owners.
(3) Collective Management Organizations that do not have an
operational permit from the Minister as referred to in
section (1) are prohibited from collecting and distributing
Royalties.
Article 89
(1) To manage Copyright Royalties in the field of songs and/or
music 2 (two) national Collective Management
Organizations are established that each represents:
a. interests of Authors; and
b. interests of Related Rights owners.
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(2) Both of Collective Management Organizations as referred to
in section (1) have the authority to collect and distribute
Royalties from commercial Users.
(3) To collect as referred to in section (2) the two Collective
Management Organizations coordinate and determine the
amount of Royalties that is the right of each Collective
Management Organization in accordance with the prevailing
best practice.
(4) The provisions concerning guidelines for determining the
amount of royalties are established by the Collective
Management Organizations as referred to in section (1) and
endorsed by the Minister.
Article 90
In managing rights of Authors and Related Rights owners, the
Collective Management Organizations are obligated to perform
financial audits and performance audits conducted by public
accountant at least once in 1 (one) year and announce the
results to the public through 1 (one) national print media and 1
(one) electronic media.
Article 91
(1) A Collective Management Organization may only use
operational funds as much as 20% (twenty percent) from
the total amount of Royalties collected annually.
(2) During the first 5 (five) years since the establishment of the
Collective Management Organization under this Law, the
Collective Management Organization may use operational
funds a maximum of 30% (thirty percent) of the total
amount of royalties collected annually.
Article 92
(1) The Minister evaluates the Collective Management
Organizations at least once in 1 (one) year.
(2) In the event that the result of the evaluation as referred to
in section (1) shows that the Collective Management
Organization does not comply with the provisions as
referred to in Article 88, Article 89 section (3), Article 90, or
- 40 -
Article 91, the Minister will revoke the operational permit of
the Collective Management Organization.
Article 93
Further provisions regarding procedures for requesting and
issuing operational permit, as well as evaluating the Collective
Management Organizations are regulated in a Ministerial
Regulation.
Chapter XIII
FEES
Article 94
The fees as referred to in Article 66 section (2) point c, Article 71
section (2), Article 74 section (2), Article 76 section (3), Article 78
section (2), and Article 83 section (1) are non-tax State revenues
collected in accordance with the provisions of laws and
regulations in the field of non-tax State revenues.
Chapter XIV
DISPUTE SETTLEMENT
Part One
General
Article 95
(1) Copyright dispute settlement may be done through
alternative dispute resolution, arbitration, or courts.
(2) The authorized court as referred to in section (1) is the
Commercial Court.
(3) Courts other than the Commercial Court as referred to in
section (2) are not authorized to handle Copyright dispute
settlement.
(4) In addition to the infringement of Copyrights and/or
Related Rights in the form of Piracy, insofar as all parties in
dispute are known to exist and/ or are in the territory of the
Unitary State of the Republic Indonesia, they first
- 41 -
undertake a settlement of disputes through mediation
before proceeding with penal charges.
Article 96
(1) Authors, Copyright holders and/or Related Rights holders
or their heirs suffering from loss of economic rights are
entitled to Damages.
(2) The Damages as referred to in section (1) are given and
specified simultaneously in the verdict of the court decision
regarding the Copyright and/or Related Rights criminal
offenses.
(3) The Payment of Compensation to the Author, Copyright
Holder and/or Related Rights owner is made within not
later than 6 (six) months after the court decision is final
and binding.
Article 97
(1) In the event that the Works have been recorded under
Article 69 section (1), other interested parties may file a
lawsuit for cancellation of recordation of the Works in the
public register of Works through the Commercial Court.
(2) The lawsuit as referred to in section (1) is addressed to the
Author and/ or the registered Copyright Holder.
Article 98
(1) The transfer of Copyright of Works in whole to other parties
does not prejudice the right of the Author or their heirs to
file a lawsuit against any Person who deliberately and
without rights and without the consent of the Author
violates the moral rights of the Author as referred to in
Article 5 section (1).
(2) The transfer of economic rights of Performers to other
parties does not prejudice the right of Performers or their
heirs to file a lawsuit against any Person who deliberately
and without rights and without the consent of the
Performers infringement the moral rights as referred to in
Article 22.
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Article 99
(1) Authors, Copyright Holders, or the Related Rights owners
are entitled to file claim for damages to the Commercial
Court for infringement of Copyrights or Related Rights
products.
(2) The claim for damages as referred to in section (1) may be
in the form of a request to give all or a part of the income
earned from organizing talks, scientific meetings,
performances or exhibitions of the work resulting from the
infringement of Copyright or Related Rights products.
(3) In addition to the claim as referred to in section (1),
Authors, Copyright Holders, or Related Rights owners may
request an interlocutory injunction to the Commercial
Court to:
a. request the seizure of the Works that has been
Published or Reproduced, and/or Reproduction tools
used to produce the Works resulting from an
infringement of Copyright and Related Rights products;
and/or
b. cease the activity of Publication, Distribution,
Communication, and/or Reproduction of the Works
resulting from an infringement of Copyright and
Related Rights products.
Part Two
Procedures for Lawsuit
Article 100
(1) A claim for Copyright infringement is submitted to the chief
justice of the Commercial Court.
(2) The claim as referred to in section (1) is recorded by the
clerk of the Commercial Court in the register of court cases
on the date the claim is filed.
(3) The clerk of the Commercial Court provides a receipt that
has been signed on the same date as the date of
registration.
(4) The clerk of the Commercial Court submits the claim
- 43 -
application to the chief justice of the Commercial Court not
later than 2 (two) days since the date the claim is filed.
(5) Within a period of not later than 3 (three) Days from the
registration date, the Commercial Court sets the trial Day.
(6) Notices and subpoena of parties are carried out by the
bailiff not later than 7 (seven) Days after the claim is
registered.
Article 101
(1) A decision to the claim is pronounced not later than 90
(ninety) Days since the lawsuit is filed.
(2) In the event that the period as referred to in section (1)
cannot be met, upon the approval of the Chief Justice of the
Supreme Court that period may be extended for 30 (thirty)
days.
(3) The decision as referred to in section (1) is pronounced in
an open court hearing.
(4) The decision of the Commercial Court as referred to in
section (3) is delivered by the bailiff to the parties not later
than 14 (fourteen) Days since the decision is pronounced.
Part Three
Legal Remedies
Article 102
(1) The decision of the Commercial Court as referred to in
Article 101 section (3) is only subject to an appeal to the
Supreme Court.
(2) The appeal to the Supreme Court as referred to in section
(1) is filed not later than 14 (fourteen) Days since the date
the decision of the Commercial Court is pronounced in an
open court hearing or is notified to the parties.
(3) The appeal as referred to in section (2) is registered in the
Commercial Court releasing the decision to the claim by
payment of fee of which amount is determined by the court.
(4) The clerk of the Commercial Court registers the appeal to
the Supreme Court on the date the application is submitted
and provides a signed receipt for the appellant on the same
date as the registration date.
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(5) The clerk of the Commercial Court is obligated to convey
the appeal to the Supreme Court as referred to in section (4)
to the defendant not later than 7 (seven) Days after the
appeal to the Supreme Court is filed.
Article 103
(1) The appellant submits an appeal memory to the Supreme
Court to the clerk of the Commercial Court not later than
14 (fourteen) Days as from the date of the appeal to the
Supreme Court is filed.
(2) The clerk of the Commercial Court delivers the appeal
memory to the Supreme Court as referred to in section (1)
to the defendant not later than 7 (seven) Days since the
clerk of the Commercial Court receives the appeal memory
to the Supreme Court.
(3) The defendant may submit a counter memory of appeal to
the Supreme Court to the clerk of the Commercial Court not
later than 14 (fourteen) Days since the defendant receives
the appeal memory to the Supreme Court.
(4) The clerk of the Commercial Court delivers a counter
memory of appeal to the Supreme Court to the appellant
not later than 7 (seven) Days since the clerk of the
Commercial Court receives the counter memory of appeal to
the Supreme Court.
(5) The clerk of the Commercial Court sends the counter
memory of appeal to the Supreme Court not later than 14
(fourteen) Days as from the period as referred to in section
(3).
Article 104
(1) Within a period of 7 (seven) Days since the Supreme Court
receives petition to appeal, the Supreme Court sets a trial
Day.
(2) The decision of appeal to the Supreme Court must be
pronounced not later than 90 (ninety) Days as from the date
the appeal is accepted by the Supreme Court.
(3) The clerk of the Supreme Court is obligated to deliver a
copy of the appeal decision to the clerk of the Commercial
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Court not later than 7 (seven) days since the appeal
decision is pronounced.
(4) The bailiff of the Commercial Court is obligated to deliver a
copy of the appeal decision as referred to in Section (3) to
the appellant and the defendant within a period of 7 (seven)
days since the clerk of the Commercial Court receives the
appeal decision.
Article 105
The right to claim for infringement of Copyright and/or Related
Rights does not prejudice the Rights of the Author and/or the
Related Rights owner to charge for penal lawsuit.
CHAPTER XV
INTERLOCUTORY INJUNCTION
Article 106
Upon the request of the party affected by the implementation of
Copyright or Related Rights, the Commercial Court may issue an
interlocutory injunction to:
a. prevent the entry of products which are allegedly resulting
from the infringement of the Copyright or Related Rights
into trade channels;
b. withdraw from circulation and seize as well as to keep as
admissible evidence related to the infringement of Copyright
or Related Rights;
c. secure evidence and prevent its elimination by perpetrator;
and/or
d. cease the infringement in order to prevent greater damages.
Article 107
(1) Request for interlocutory injunction is submitted in writing
by the Author, the Copyright Holder, the Related Rights
owner, or their Proxy to the Commercial Court by
compelling the following requirements:
a. attaching proof of Copyright or Related Rights
ownership;
b. attaching initial indications of the infringement of the
Copyright or Related Rights;
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c. attaching a clear description on the goods and/or
documents requested, searched, collected, or secured
for evidence;
d. attaching a statement of concern that the party
allegedly committing the Copyright or Related Rights
offense will destroy the evidence; and
e. paying a bail with the amount proportional to the value
of the goods to be subject to the interlocutory
injunction.
(2) The request for interlocutory injunction as referred to in
section (1) is submitted to the chief justice of the
Commercial Court within the jurisdiction where the goods
allegedly to be resulting from Copyright or Related Rights
infringement are found.
Article 108
(1) If the request for interlocutory injunction has complied the
requirements as referred to in Article 107, the clerk of the
Commercial Court registers the request and submits the
request for interlocutory injunction not later than 1x24 (one
times twenty four) hours to the chief justice of the
Commercial Court.
(2) Within not later than 2 (two) Days as from the date of
receipt of the request for interlocutory injunction as referred
to in section (1), Chief Justice of the Commercial Court
appoints a judge of Commercial Court to review the request
for interlocutory injunction.
(3) Within not later than 2 (two) Days as from the date of
appointment as referred to in section (2), judge of the
Commercial Court must decide in order to grant or refuse
the request for interlocutory injunction.
(4) In the event that the request for interlocutory injunction is
accepted, judge of the Commercial Court will issue a letter
of interlocutory injunction.
(5) The interlocutory injunction as referred to in section (4) is
notified to the parties subject to the interlocutory injunction
within not later than 1x24 (one times twenty four) hours.
(6) In the event that the interlocutory injunction is rejected, the
- 47 -
Commercial Court judge will notify the rejection to the
interlocutory injunction applicant with the reasons.
Article 109
(1) In the event that the Commercial Court issues the
interlocutory injunction as referred to in Article 108 section
(4), the Commercial Court will summon the party that is
subject to the interlocutory injunction not later than 7
(seven) days since the date of the issuance of the
interlocutory injunction for questioning.
(2) Party that is subject to the interlocutory injunction may
submit information and evidence regarding the Copyright
not later than 7 (seven) Days from the date of receipt of
subpoena as referred to in section (1).
(3) Not later than 30 (thirty) Days since the date of issuance of
the interlocutory injunction, the judge of the Commercial
Court decides to affirm or annul the interlocutory
injunction.
(4) In the event that the interlocutory injunction is affirmed,
then:
a. the bail that has been paid must be returned to the
applicant of interlocutory injunction;
b. the applicant may file a claim for damages due to
Copyright infringement; and/ or
c. the applicant may report the Copyright infringement to
the investigator officer of the National Police of the
Republic of Indonesia or civil servant investigator.
(5) In the event that the interlocutory injunction is annulled,
the bail that has been paid will be given to the party who is
subject to the interlocutory injunction as compensation for
damages resulting from the interlocutory injunction.
CHAPTER XVI
INVESTIGATION
Article 110
(1) In addition to investigating officials of the Indonesian
National Police, certain Civil Servant Officials in ministries
- 48 -
who hold government affairs in the field of law specially
authorized as investigators as referred to in the Law that
regulates the criminal procedure to conduct investigations
on Copyright and Related Rights crimes.
(2) The investigator as referred to in section (1) has authority to
conduct:
a. verification on the accuracy of the reports or
information in relation to criminal offenses in the field
of Copyright and Related Rights;
b. examination to the persons or legal entities allegedly
committing criminal offenses in the field of Copyright
and Related Rights;
c. soliciting information and evidence from persons or
legal entities in relation to criminal offenses in the field
of Copyright and Related Rights;
d. examination of books, records and other documents
relating to criminal offenses in field of Copyright and
Related Rights;
e. searching and examination of premises that are alleged
contain evidence, bookkeeping, records and other
documents relating to criminal offenses in the field of
Copyright and Related Rights;
f. confiscation and/or termination of circulation upon
the permission of the court of materials and goods
resulting from the offenses that may be used as
evidence in a criminal case in the field of Copyright
and Related Rights in accordance with the Code of
Criminal Procedure;
g. request for expert deposition in performing the tasks of
criminal investigations in the field of Copyright and
Related Rights;
h. request for assistance from relevant institutions to
arrests, detent, set a wanted list, prevent and deter
against perpetrators of criminal offenses in the field of
Copyright and Related Rights; and
i. termination of the investigation if there is no sufficient
evidence of criminal activity in the field of Copyright
and Related Rights.
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(3) In conducting the investigation, the civil servant
investigator officials may seek the assistance of the
investigator officials of the Indonesian National Police.
(4) Civil servant investigator officials notify the commencement
of the investigation to the public prosecutor and
investigator officials of the Indonesian National Police.
(5) Results of investigations conducted by the civil service
investigating officials are submitted to public prosecutors
through the investigator officials of the Indonesian National
Police.
(6) In the event of conducting actions as referred to in Section
two (2) point e and point f the Civil Servant Investigator will
seek the assistance of the investigator officials of the
Indonesian National Police.
Article 111
(1) Evidence proceedings conducted in the course of the
examination process at the level of investigation,
prosecution, and examination in court may be conducted by
utilizing information and communication technology in
accordance with the provisions of laws and regulations.
(2) Electronic information and/or electronic documents are
recognized as evidence in accordance with the provisions
laws and regulations.
CHAPTER XVII
CRIMINAL PROVISIONS
Article 112
Every Person who unlawfully commits the acts as referred to in
Article 7 Section (3) and/or Article 52 for Commercial Use shall
be sentenced to imprisonment for up to 2 (two) years and/or a
fines up to Rp300,000,000.00 (three hundred million rupiahs).
Article 113
(1) Every Person who unlawfully infringes the economic rights
as referred to in Article 9 Section (1) point i for Commercial
- 50 -
Use shall be sentenced to imprisonment for up to 1 (one)
year and/or fine up to Rp 100,000,000 (one hundred million
rupiahs).
(2) Every Person who unlawfully and/or without permission of
the Author or the Copyright holder infringes the economic
rights of the Author as referred to in Article 9 section (1)
point c, point d, point f, and/or the point h for Commercial
Use shall be sentenced to imprisonment for up to 3 (three)
years and/or fine up to Rp500,000,000.00 (five hundred
million rupiahs).
(3) Every person who unlawfully and/or without permission of
the Author or Copyright holders infringes the economic
rights of the Author as referred to in Article 9 Section (1)
point a, point b, point e, and/or point g for Commercial Use
shall be sentenced to imprisonment for up to 4 (four) years
and/or fine up to Rpl,000,000,000.00 (one billion rupiahs).
(4) Every Person fulfilling the elements as referred to in section
(3) by committing piracy, shall be sentenced to
imprisonment for up to 10 (ten) years and/or fine up to
Rp4,000,000,000.00 (four billion rupiahs).
Article 114
Every Person managing business premises in all its forms who
deliberately and knowingly allows the sale and/or duplication of
goods resulting from infringement of Copyright and/or Related
Rights in the premises that they manage as referred to in Article
10 shall be sentenced with a maximum fine of
Rpl00,000,000.00 (one hundred million rupiahs).
Article 115
Every Person who without the consent of the person portrayed or
their heirs engages in a Commercial Use, Duplication,
Announcement, Distribution, or Communication of the Portrait
as referred to in Article 12 for the purpose of advertising or
publicity for Commercial Use both in electronic media and non¬
electronic media, shall be sentenced with a maximum fine of
Rp500,000,000.00 (five hundred million rupiahs).
- 51 -
Article 116
(1) Every Person unlawfully infringes the economic rights as
referred to in Article 23 section (2) point e for Commercial
Use shall be sentenced to imprisonment for up to 1 (one)
year and/or fine up to Rp 100,000,000 (one hundred million
rupiahs).
(2) Every Person unlawfully infringes the economic rights as
referred to in Article 23 section (2) point a, point b, and/or
point f, for Commercial Use shall be sentenced to
imprisonment for up to 3 (three) years and/or fine up to
Rp500,000,000.00 (five hundred million rupiahs).
(3) Every Person unlawfully infringes the economic rights as
referred to in Article 23 section (2) point c and/or point d
for Commercial Use shall be sentenced to imprisonment for
up to 4 (four) years and/or fine up to Rp 1,000,000,000.00
(one billion rupiahs).
(4) Every Person fulfilling the elements as referred to in section
(3) by committing Piracy shall be sentenced to
imprisonment for up to 10 (ten) years and/ or fine for up to
Rp4,000,000,000.00 (four billion rupiahs).
Article 117
(1) Every Person who deliberately and unlawfully infringes the
economic rights as referred to in Article 24 section (2) point
c for the Commercial Use shall be sentenced to
imprisonment for up to 1 (one) year and/or fine up to
Rp 100,000,000 (one hundred million rupiahs).
(2) Every Person who deliberately and unlawfully infringes the
economic rights as referred to in Article 24 section (2) point
a, point b, and/or point d for the Commercial Use shall be
sentenced to imprisonment for up to 4 (four) years and/or
fine up to Rpl,000,000,000.00 (one billion rupiahs).
(3) Every Person fulfilling the elements as referred to in section
(2) by committing Piracy shall be sentenced to
imprisonment for up to 10 (ten) years and/or fine up to
Rp4,000,000,000.00 (four billion rupiahs).
- 52 -
Article 118
(1) Every Person who deliberately and unlawfully infringes the
economic rights as referred to in Article 25 section (2) point
a, point b, point c and/or point d for Commercial Use shall
be sentenced to imprisonment for up to 4 (four) years
and/or fine up to Rpl,000,000,000.00 (one billion rupiahs).
(2) Every Person fulfilling the elements as referred to in Article
25 section (2) point d with the intention of committing
Piracy shall be sentenced to imprisonment for up to 10 (ten)
years and/or fine up to Rp4,000,000,000.00 (four billion
rupiahs).
Article 119
Any Collective Management Organization without any operating
permit from the Minister as referred to in Article 88 section (3)
and engages in Royalty collection shall be sentenced to
imprisonment for up to 4 (four) years and/or fine up to
Rpl,000,000,000.00 (one billion rupiahs).
Article 120
The criminal offenses as referred to in this Law shall be warranty
complaint.
CHAPTER XVIII
TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS
Article 121
At the time this Law comes into force:
a. Pending application for recordation of Works and Related
Rights products are to be completed under the provisions of
Law Number 19 of 2002 on Copyrights;
b. certificate of Work registration under this Law is called a
certificate of Work recordation that has been issued prior to
this Law remains effective until the expiry of the protection
period;
c. the sale and purchase agreement regarding economic rights
to Works in the form of songs and/or music which is
- 53 -
reached before this Law, remains effective until the expiry of
the agreement period;
d. Copyright cases that are in proceedings proceeds under Law
Number 19 of 2002 on Copyrights;
e. the collection and Distribution of Royalties conducted by
professional organizations or similar bodies by any name
that have existed before the enactment of this Law may
proceed until the establishment of the Collective
Management Organization in accordance with the
provisions of this Law;
f. professional organizations or any similar bodies by any
name as referred to in point e, to the provisions as referred
to in Article 87, Article 88 and Article 89 as from the
enactment of this Law;
g. professional organizations or similar bodies by any name
that have previously existed whose duty and function
included collecting, managing, and/ or distributing Royalties
before the enactment of this Law adapt and transform into
a Collective Management Organization within 2 (two) years
since the enactment of this Law.
Article 122
At the time this Law comes into force, agreements on Works of
books and/ or other written work as well as songs and/ or music
with or without text transferred in sold flat agreements and/or
unlimited time transfer that were made before the entry into
force of this Law is reverted to the Author with the following
conditions:
a. The Copyrights in sold flat agreements that at the time of
the enactment of this Law have reached a period of 25
(twenty five) years reverted to the Author 2 (two) years since
the entry into force of this Law;
b. The Copyrights in sold flat agreements that at the time of
the enactment of this Law have not yet reached a period 25
(twenty five) years are reverted to the Author after reaching
25 (twenty five) years since the signing of the sold flat
agreement plus 2 (two) years.
- 54 -
CHAPTER XIX
CLOSING PROVISIONS
Article 123
At the time this Law comes into force, all laws and regulations
that are implementing regulations of Law Number 19 of 2002 on
Copyrights (State Gazette of the Republic Indonesia of 2002
Number 85, Supplement to State Gazette of the Republic of
Indonesia Number 4220), remains effective to the extent not
contrary to the provisions of this Law.
Article 124
At the time this Law comes into force, Law Number 19 of 2002
on Copyrights (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of
2002 Number 85, Supplement to State Gazette of the Republic of
Indonesia Number 4220) is repealed and declared ineffective.
Article 125
Implementing regulations of this Law must be established not
later than 2 (two) years since this Law is promulgated.
Article 126
This Law comes into force on the date of its promulgation.
- 55 -
In order that every person may know hereof, it is ordered to
promulgate this Law by its placement in the State Gazette of the
Republic of Indonesia.
Enacted in Jakarta,
On 16 October 2014
PRESIDENT OF
THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA,
signed.
DR. H. SUSILO BAMBANG YUDHOYONO
Promulgated in Jakarta,
On 16 October 2014
MINISTER OF LAW AND HUMAN RIGHTS OF
THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA,
signed
AMIR SYAMSUDIN
STATE GAZETTE OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA OF 2014 NUMBER 266
Jakarta, 12. September 2017
Has been translated as an Official Translation
on behalf of Minister of Law and Human Rights
of the Republic of Indonesia
ELUCIDATION
OF
LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA
NUMBER 28 OF 2014
ON
COPYRIGHTS
GENERAL
Copyright is part of intellectual property that has the most extensive
scope of protected objects, because it includes scientific, artistic and
literary works as well as computer programs. The development of creative
economy which has become one of the mainstays of Indonesia and other
countries and the rapid growth of information and communication
technologies requires an update to the Copyright Law, due to the fact that
Copyright has become the most important basis for the national creative
economy. Under a Copyright Law that fulfills the elements of protection
and development of the creative economy it is expected that the
contribution of the Copyrights and Related Rights sector for the country's
economy can be more optimal.
The progress of information and communication technology has
become one of the variables in this Law on Copyrights, considering that
information and communication technologies on the one hand have a
strategic role for the development of Copyrights; but have also become a
tool for violations against law in this field. Thus, proportional regulation is
indispensable, in order to optimize positive functions and minimize the
negative impacts.
The step taken by the House of Representatives of the Republic of
Indonesia and the Government to change Law Number 19 of 2002 on
Copyrights with this Law is an earnest effort by the State to protect the
- 2 -
Economic rights and moral rights of Authors and Related Rights
owners as an important element in the development of national creativity.
The denial of economic rights and moral rights can erode the motivation of
Authors and Related Rights owners to be creative. Such loss of motivation
will lead to a wide impact of the collapse of the macro creativity of the
Indonesian nation. Reflecting on developed countries, one can see that
adequate protection of Copyrights has successfully led to a significant
growth of the creative economy and provided a real contribution to the
economy and welfare of the people.
By taking into account the considerations that it is necessary to
change the Copyright Law with a new one, which broadly regulates:
a. Copyright protections exercised with a longer period in line with the
practice in various countries so that the period of Copyright
protection in certain fields endures for life of the Author plus 70
(seventy) years after the Author's death.
b. Better protection of the economic rights of Authors and/or Related
Rights owners, including limiting the transfer of economic rights in
the form of sold flat (sold flat).
c. Effective dispute resolution through mediation, arbitration or the
courts, as well as the application of a complaint offense for criminal
prosecution.
d. Managers of trading premises who are responsible for the sales venue
and/ or violations of Copyright and/ or Related Rights in the shopping
centers that they manage.
e. Copyrights as a movable intangible objects that may be used as an
object collateral of fiducia.
f. The Minister who is authorized to remove a Work that has been
recorded, if the Work violates religious norms, norms of morality,
public order, defense and security of the State, as well as provisions
of laws and regulations.
g. Authors, Copyright Holders, Related Rights owners who become
members of Collective Management Organization in order to be able
to draw remuneration or Royalties.
h. Authors and/or Related Rights owners who receive Royalties for
Works or Related Rights products produced in service relations and
used commercially.
- 3 -
i. Collective Management Organizations that serve to collect and
manage the economic rights of Authors and Related Rights owners
are required to apply for an operating permit to the Minister.
j. Use of Copyright and Related Rights in multimedia facilities to
respond the developments of information and communication
technology.
At the international level, Indonesia has participated as a member of the
Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization that includes Trade
Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, hereinafter referred to as
TRIPS, through Law Number 7 of 1994.
In addition, Indonesia has ratified the Berne Convention for the
Protection of Artistic and Literary Works through Presidential Decree
Number 18 of 1997 and the World Intellectual Property Organization
Copyright Treaty, hereinafter referred to as WCT, through Presidential
Decree Number 19 of 1997, as well as the World Intellectual Property
Organization Performances and Phonograms Treaty, hereinafter referred to
as WPPT, through Presidential Decree Number 74 of 2004.
The replacement of Law Number 19 of 2002 on Copyrights with this
Law was made to prioritize national interests and the balance between the
interests of Authors, Copyright Holders, or Related Rights owners, and the
public as well as in consideration of provisions in treaties in the field of
Copyrights and Related Rights.
II. ARTICLE BY ARTICLE
Article 1
Sufficiently clear.
Article 2
Sufficiently clear.
Article 3
Sufficiently clear.
Article 4
The term "exclusive right" means right that is solely intended for the
Author, accordingly no other party may take advantage of these
- 4 -
rights without the permission of the Author. Copyright holders who
are not Authors only possess a portion of the exclusive rights in the
form of economic rights.
Article 5
Section (1)
Point a
Sufficiently clear.
Point b
Sufficiently clear.
Point c
Sufficiently clear.
Point d
Sufficiently clear.
Point e
The term "distortion of Works" means the act of twisting
facts or identity of the Works.
The term "mutilation of Works" means the process or act to
eliminate part of the Works.
The term "modifications of Works" means a change to the
Works.
Section (2)
Sufficiently clear.
Section (3)
Sufficiently clear.
Article 6
Sufficiently clear.
Article 7
Sufficiently clear.
Article 8
Sufficiently clear.
- 5 -
Article 9
Section (1)
Point a
Sufficiently clear.
Point b
Reproduction of Works includes recording using camcorder
in a movie theater and live performance.
Point c
Sufficiently clear.
Point d
Sufficiently clear.
Point e
Sufficiently clear.
Point f
Sufficiently clear.
Point g
Sufficiently clear.
Point h
Sufficiently clear,
point i
Sufficiently clear.
Section (2)
Sufficiently clear.
Section (3)
Sufficiently clear.
Article 10
Sufficiently clear.
Article 11
Section (1)
Sufficiently clear.
Section (2)
The term "essential object" means computer software that is the
main object of a rental agreement.
- 6 -
Article 12
Section (1)
The term "for advertising or publicity purposes" means the
placement of a portrait including in advertisements, banners,
billboards, calendars and pamphlets for commercial use.
Section (2)
Sufficiently clear.
Article 13
The term "unless stated otherwise or authorized by the Performers or
rights holders of the performance" for example, a singer in a musical
performance may object to have his portait taken for publication,
distribution, or communication to the public by other party for
commercial use.
Article 14
The term "competent authority" in this provision means, among
others, ministries that hold government affairs in the field of
communication and information, the Corruption Eradication
Commission, or other law enforcement officials.
Article 15
Section (1)
The term "owner" in this provision means the person who
lawfully controls the Works, such as, collectors or Copyright
Holders.
Section (2)
Sufficiently clear.
Article 16
Section (1)
Sufficiently clear.
Section (2)
The term "may be transferred" means only economic rights,
whereas moral rights remain inherent to the Author. The
transfer of Copyright must be done clearly and in writing with or
without a notary deed.
- 7 -
Point a
Sufficiently clear.
Point b
Sufficiently clear.
Point c
Sufficiently clear.
Point d
Sufficiently clear.
Point e
Sufficiently clear.
Point f
The term "other justifiable reasons in accordance with the
provisions of laws and regulations" means, among others, a
transfer due to a court decision that is final and binding,
mergers, acquisitions, or dissolution of a company or a legal
entity where a consolidation or separation of company
assets take place.
Section (3)
Sufficiently clear.
Section (4)
Sufficiently clear.
Article 17
Sufficiently clear.
Article 18
The term "other written works" means, among others, poetry
anthology manuscript, general dictionary, and Daily public
newspapers.
The term "sold flat" means an agreement that requires the Author to
hand over his Work through a full payment by the purchaser so that
the economic rights of the Works is entirely transferred to the
purchaser without a time limit, or in the practice is known as sold
flat.
Article 19
Sufficiently clear.
- 8 -
Article 20
Sufficiently clear.
Article 21
Sufficiently clear.
Article 22
Point a
Sufficiently clear.
Point b
The term "distortion of Works" means the act of twisting facts or
identity of a Performer's work.
The term "mutilation of Works" means the process or act of
eliminating a part of a Performer's work.
The term "modifications of Works" means the alteration to a
Performer's work.
Article 23
Section (1)
Sufficiently clear.
Section (2)
Sufficiently clear.
Section (3)
Sufficiently clear.
Section (4)
Sufficiently clear.
Section (5)
The term "remuneration to the Author" means Royalty of which
value is standardized by the Collective Management
Organization.
Article 24
Section (1)
Sufficiently clear.
Section (2)
- 9 -
Point a
The term “by any manner or in any form” means, among
others, transformation of the recording from a physical
format (compact disc/video compact disc/digital video disc)
into a digital format (MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3 (mp3),
Waveform Audio Format (WAV), MPEG-1 Audio Layer 4
(mp4), or a transformation from a book into an audio book.
Point b
Sufficiently clear.
Point c
Sufficiently clear.
Point d
Sufficiently clear.
Section (3)
Sufficiently clear.
Section (4)
Sufficiently clear.
Article 25
Section (1)
Sufficiently clear.
Section (2)
Sufficiently clear.
Section (3)
The term "distribution" means the utilization of broadcasting
work which sources either from public, private, or subscription-
based Broadcasting Agency for Commercial Use.
Article 26
Sufficiently clear.
Article 27
Section (1)
Sufficiently clear.
Section (2)
Sufficiently clear.
- 10 -
Section (3)
The term "equitable remuneration" means remuneration that is
determined in accordance with the prevailing norms as
established by the Collective Management Organization.
Article 28
Sufficiently clear.
Article 29
Sufficiently clear.
Article 30
Sufficiently clear.
Article 31
Sufficiently clear.
Article 32
Sufficiently clear.
Article 33
Sufficiently clear.
Article 34
The term "under the direction and supervision" means under the
guidance, direction, or correction of the Person who owns the design.
Article 35
Section (1)
The term "employment of civil service institution" means the
employment relation between the State apparatus and their
institution.
Section (2)
Sufficiently clear.
Section (3)
Sufficiently clear.
- 11 -
Article 36
The term "under employment relation or based on commissioned"
means Works that are made on the basis of employment relation in a
private institution or on the basis of orders of other parties.
Article 37
Sufficiently clear.
Article 38
Section (1)
The term "traditional cultural expressions" means one or a
combination of the following forms of expression:
a. textual verbal, both oral and in writing, in the form of prose
or poetry, in various themes and content of the message,
which may be a literary work or an informative narrative;
b. music, including, among others, vocal, instrumental, or any
combination thereof;
c. motion, including, among others, dance;
d. theater, including, among others, puppet shows and folk
plays;
e. fine art, either in two-dimensional or three-dimensional
form made of various kinds materials such as leather,
wood, bamboo, metal, stone, ceramics, paper, textile, et
cetera or a combination thereof; and
f. traditional ceremonies.
Section (2)
Sufficiently clear.
Section (3)
The term "values that live in the custodian practicing them"
include customs, norms of customary law, customary norms,
social norms, and other noble norms upheld by the community
of origin that maintains, develops, and preserves the traditional
cultural expressions.
Section (4)
Sufficiently clear.
- 12 -
Article 39
Section (1)
This provision is intended to affirm the status of Copyright in
works where the Author is unknown and not yet published, for
example, in the case of a manuscript that has not been
published in the form of a book or a musical work that has not
been recorded.
Section (2)
Sufficiently clear.
Section (3)
Sufficiently clear.
Section (4)
Sufficiently clear.
Section (5)
Sufficiently clear.
Article 40
Section (1)
Point a
The term "typholographical arrangement of a published
written work " means a work that is commonly known as
"typholographical arrangement", that is the artistic aspect
in the composition and form of written work. This includes,
among other, formats, ornament, color composition and
arrangement or layout of aesthetic fonts that as a whole
presents a unique form.
Point b
Sufficiently clear.
Point c
The term "visual aids" means Works in 2 (two) or 3 (three)
dimensional form related to geography, topography,
architecture, biology, or other sciences.
Point d
The term "songs or music with or without lyrics" means as a
unity of Work as a whole.
Point e
Sufficiently clear.
- 13 -
Point f
The term "drawings" means, among others, motifs,
diagrams, sketches, logos, colours elements and aesthetic
fonts.
The term "collage" means an artistic composition made of
various materials, for example, fabric, paper, or wood
affixed to a sketch surface or work media.
Point g
The term "work of applied art" means a fine art work
created by applying art to a product that has an aesthetic
impression to fulfill practical needs, among others, the use
of drawings, motifs, or ornament on a product.
Point h
The term "architectural works" means, among others, the
physical form of building, building layout, construction
design drawings, technical drawings of a building, and
models or mockups of a building.
Point i
The term "maps" means a depiction of natural and/or man¬
made elements that are situated above or below the earth's
surface that are depicted on a flat surface with a certain
scale, both through digital and non-digital media.
Point j
The term "batik art works" means a contemporary batik
motif that is innovative, contemporary, and not traditional.
The work is protected because it has artistic value, in
relation to the image, style, as well as color composition.
The term "other motif art work" means a motif that is the
national heritage of Indonesia found in different regions,
such as songket art, ikat motifs, tapis motifs, ulos motifs,
and other motif art that is contemporary, innovative, and
continues to be developed.
Point k
The term "photographic works" means all photographs
produced by using camera.
Point 1
Sufficiently clear.
- 14 -
Point m
The definition of "cinematographic works" means a Work in
the form of moving images, including documentary films,
advertising films, reportage or feature films made with a
scenario, and cartoons. Cinematographic work may be
made on celluloid tape, videotape, video discs, optical discs
and/or other media that allow for screening in cinemas, on
wide screen, television, or other media. Cinematography is
an example of audiovisual form.
Point n
The term "anthologies" means a Work in the form of a book
containing a compilation of selected written works,
collection of selected songs, and composition of various
selected dances recorded on cassette, optical disc, or other
media.
The term "databases" means a compilation of data in any
form that is readable by a computer or a compilation in any
other form, which due to the selection or arrangement of
the data content amounts to an intellectual creation.
Protection for the database is granted without prejudice to
the rights of the Author whose Work is included in the
database.
The term "adaptations" means the transformation of a Work
into another form. For example, a book adapted into a film.
The term "other work resulting from transformation" means
to transform the format of a Work into another format. For
example, pop music becoming dangdut music.
Point o
Sufficiently clear.
Point p
Sufficiently clear.
Point q
Sufficiently clear.
Point r
Sufficiently clear.
Point s
Sufficiently clear.
- 15 -
Section (2)
Sufficiently clear.
Section (3)
Sufficiently clear.
Article 41
Point a
Sufficiently clear.
Point b
Sufficiently clear.
Point c
The term "functional needs" means the human need for a tool,
object, or a specific product that based on its shape has specific
uses and functions.
Article 42
Sufficiently clear.
Article 43
Point a
Sufficiently clear.
Point b
The term "Any Publication, Distribution, Communication,
and/or Reproduction which is conducted by or on behalf of the
government" means, for example, Publication, Distribution,
Communication, and/or any Reproduction done by or on behalf
of the government with respect to the results of research
conducted at State expenses.
Point c
The term "actual news" means news published or communicated
to the public within 3x24 (three times twenty four) hours since it
is first communicated to the public.
Point d
Sufficiently clear.
Point e
Sufficiently clear.
- 16 -
Article 44
Section (1)
The term "substantial part" means the most important and
distinctive part that is the hallmark of a Work.
Point a
The term "reasonable interests of the Author or the
Copyright Holder" means interests based on the balance in
taking economic benefits of a Work.
Point b
Sufficiently clear.
Point c
Sufficiently clear.
Point d
Sufficiently clear.
Section (2)
The term "facilitating access to Works" means the provision of
facilities to engage in the use, retrieval, Reproduction, format
alteration, Publication, Distribution, and/or Communication of a
Work in whole or its substantial part.
Section (3)
The term "based on considerations of technical implementation",
means, for example, changes in land area that was insufficient,
asymmetrical position, different material composition, and
changes to the architectural form due to natural factors.
Section (4)
Sufficiently clear.
Article 45
Section (1)
Users (not Copyright Holders) of Computer Programs may make
1 (one) copy or adaptation of the computer program they own
legally, for the research and development of the Computer
Program or to be used as a backup solely for their personal use.
The production of the backup copy is not considered as a
Copyright infringement.
- 17 -
Section (2)
The destruction of a copy or adaptation of a Computer Program
is intended to avoid unlawful use by other parties
Article 46
Sufficiently clear.
Article 47
Sufficiently clear.
Article 48
Sufficiently clear.
Article 49
Section (1)
The term "temporary acts of Reproduction" means non¬
permanent addition to the quantity of a Work done by digital
media, for example the reproduction of songs or music, books,
drawings, and other work using a computer media either via
intranet or internet that is then stored temporarily in a digital
storage.
Section (2)
Sufficiently clear.
Section (3)
Sufficiently clear.
Section (4)
The term "particular characteristics" means a record that
contains documentaries, history, for state interests, or that
which has exceeded its period of legal protection.
Article 50
Sufficiently clear.
Article 51
Sufficiently clear.
- 18 -
Article 52
The term "technological protection measures" means any technology,
device, or component designed to prevent or restrict unautrorized
acts by the Author, the Copyright Holder, the Related Rights owners,
and/or those prohibited by laws and regulations.
Article 53
Section (1)
The term "information technology-based and/ or high technology-
based means of production and/or data storage" means, among
others, optical discs, servers, cloud computing, secret codes,
passwords, barcodes, serial numbers, description, decryption
technology, and encryption that are used to protect a Work.
Section (2)
Sufficiently clear.
Article 54
Point a
The term "content" means the content of the Work result
available in any media.
The form of dissemination of content includes, among others,
uploading content over the internet.
Point b
Sufficiently clear.
Point c
Sufficiently clear.
Article 55
Section (1)
The term "Commercial Use" means in the information and
communication technology media including direct (paid)
commercial use as well as the provision of free content services
that derive economic benefits from other parties who benefit
from the use of the Copyright and/or Related Rights in question.
Section (2)
Sufficiently clear.
- 19 -
Section (3)
Sufficiently clear.
Section (4)
Sufficiently clear.
Article 56
Section (1)
The term "block the content and/or user’s access rights" means
2 (two) things that include, firstly, blocking the contents or sites
providing content services and, secondly, in the form of blocking
the access of users to specific sites by way of blocking the
internet protocol address or similar.
Section (2)
Sufficiently clear.
Article 57
Sufficiently clear.
Article 58
Sufficiently clear.
Article 59
Sufficiently clear.
Article 60
Sufficiently clear.
Article 61
Sufficiently clear.
Article 62
Sufficiently clear.
Article 63
Section (1)
Sufficiently clear.
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Section (2)
The term "duration of economic rights protection commences
from 1 January of the year following the event" means the
provision as referred to in the TRIPs Agreement of Article 14
section (5).
For example, if a work is fixed on 30 October 2014 it
immediately obtains legal protection and a period of 50 years
commences from 1 January 2015.
Article 64
Section (1)
Sufficiently clear.
Section (2)
Recording of Works and Related Rights products is not a
requirement for the Authors, Copyright Holders or Related
Rights owners. The protection of a Work begins since the Work
exists or is manifested and not due to its recordation. It means
that a Work remains protected despite being recorded or not.
Article 65
Sufficiently clear.
Article 66
section (1)
Sufficiently clear.
Section (2)
Point a
A Work substitution or a Related Rights product
substitution is a sample of the Work or Related Rights
product that is attached because the Work or the Related
Rights product is technically impossible to be attached to
the Application, for example, a large statue that is replaced
with a miniature or a photograph.
Point b
The term "a statement of ownership" means a statement of
Copyright or Related Rights products ownership stating
that the Work or Related Rights product genuinely belongs
to the Author, Copyright holder or Related Rights owner.
- 21 -
Point c
Sufficiently clear.
Article 67
Sufficiently clear.
Article 68
Section (1)
Sufficiently clear.
Section (2)
The term "other intellectual property objects" means a register
contained in the mark register, the industrial design register,
and the patent register.
Section (3)
Sufficiently clear.
Section (4)
This provision is intended to provide legal certainty for the
applicant.
Article 69
Sufficiently clear.
Article 70
Sufficiently clear.
Article 71
Sufficiently clear.
Article 72
The Minister is not responsible for the content, meaning, purpose, or
the form of the Works or Related Rights products registered.
Article 73
Sufficiently clear.
Article 74
Sufficiently clear.
- 22 -
Article 75
Sufficiently clear.
Article 76
Sufficiently clear.
Article 77
Sufficiently clear.
Article 78
Sufficiently clear.
Article 79
Sufficiently clear.
Article 80
Section (1)
Sufficiently clear.
Section (2)
Sufficiently clear.
Section (3)
Sufficiently clear.
Section (4)
Sufficiently clear.
Section (5)
Calculation and imposition of the Royalty amount need to
consider elements that are the basis for calculating the Royalty
amount, for example, the number of seats, number of rooms,
room area, number of exemplars copied, in accordance with best
practices.
Article 81
Sufficiently clear.
Article 82
Section (1)
Sufficiently clear.
- 23 -
Section (2)
The term "provisions of laws and regulations" means the Code of
Civil Law and the Law governing the prohibition of monopolistic
practices and unfair competition. These provisions are intended
to protect Authors, Copyright Holders or Related Rights owners.
Section (3)
Sufficiently clear.
Article 83
Sufficiently clear.
Article 84
Sufficiently clear.
Article 85
Sufficiently clear.
Article 86
Sufficiently clear.
Article 87
Section (1)
Sufficiently clear.
Section (2)
Sufficiently clear.
Section (3)
Sufficiently clear.
Section (4)
The term "use of Works and/or Related Rights products" means
Reproduction for the fair interests of users and Publication.
For example, digital reproduction of songs and/or music for the
interests of karaoke bar, or the provision of songs and/or music
on means of transportation.
Article 88
Sufficiently clear.
- 24 -
Article 89
Section (1)
point a
Sufficiently clear,
point b
The term "Related Rights owner in the field of songs and/or
music" means Performers and Producers.
Section (2)
Sufficiently clear.
Section (3)
Sufficiently clear.
Section (4)
Sufficiently clear.
Article 90
Sufficiently clear.
Article 91
Sufficiently clear.
Article 92
Sufficiently clear.
Article 93
Sufficiently clear.
Article 94
Sufficiently clear.
Article 95
Section (1)
Forms of dispute related to Copyright includes disputes in the
form of tort, License agreements, disputes regarding tariffs and
collecting remuneration or Royalties.
The term "alternative dispute resolution" means the process of
settling dispute by way of mediation, negotiation or conciliation.
- 25 -
Section (2)
Sufficiently clear.
Section (3)
Sufficiently clear.
Section (4)
Sufficiently clear.
Article 96
Sufficiently clear.
Article 97
Sufficiently clear.
Article 98
Sufficiently clear.
Article 99
Sufficiently clear.
Article 100
Sufficiently clear.
Article 101
Sufficiently clear.
Article 102
Section (1)
The term "only to an appeal to the Supreme Court" means there is
no legal remedies of an appeal.
Section (2)
Sufficiently clear.
Section (3)
Sufficiently clear.
Section (4)
Sufficiently clear.
Section (5)
Sufficiently clear.
- 26 -
Article 103
Sufficiently clear.
Article 104
Sufficiently clear.
Article 105
Sufficiently clear.
Article 106
Point a
Sufficiently clear.
Point b
Sufficiently clear.
Point c
Sufficiently clear.
Point d
This provision is intended to prevent greater damages to the party
of which rights are infringed; therefore, the judge of the
Commercial Court is authorized to issue an interlocutory
injunction to prevent the continued infringement and the
introduction of products allegedly infringing Copyright and
Related Rights into the trade channels, including exports and
imports.
Article 107
Sufficiently clear.
Article 108
Sufficiently clear.
Article 109
Sufficiently clear.
Article 110
Sufficiently clear.
- 27 -
Article 111
Sufficiently clear.
Article 112
Sufficiently clear.
Article 113
Sufficiently clear.
Article 114
Sufficiently clear.
Article 115
Sufficiently clear.
Article 116
Sufficiently clear.
Article 117
Sufficiently clear.
Article 118
Sufficiently clear.
Article 119
Sufficiently clear.
Article 120
Sufficiently clear.
Article 121
Sufficiently clear.
Article 122
Sufficiently clear.
Article 123
Sufficiently clear.
- 28 -
Article 124
Sufficiently clear.
Article 125
Sufficiently clear.
Article 126
Sufficiently clear.
SUPPLEMENT TO THE STATE GAZETTE OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA
NUMBER 5599
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