Tilapia: Perbedaan antara revisi

'''Tilapia''' adalah nama umum untuk jenis ikan ''[[cichlid]]'' yang ratusan ragamnya dari [[tribe (biologi)|tribesuku]] [[tilapiine cichlid]], termasuk [[ikan nila]] dan [[mujair]]. Tilapia umumnya ikan air tawar, hidup di aliran-aliran, kubangan, danau, sungai dangkal. dan jarang dijumpai di [[air payau]]. Sepanjang sejarah bernilai penting untuk perikanan artisan di [[Afrika]] dan [[Levant]], serta meningkat perannya dalam akuakultur dan akuaponik. Tilapia dapat menjadi spesies invasif yang bermasalah pada habitat air hangat baru, yang masuk baik disengaja maupun tidak, tetapi umumnya tidak pada iklim sedang karena tidak mampu hidup di air yang dinginnya di bawah {{convert|21|°C|°F}}.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Fitzssimmons|first=Kevin|date=|url=|title=Tilapia: The Most Important Aquaculture Species of The 21st Century|location=Arizona|publisher=University of Arizona|isbn=|pages=4|url-status=live}}</ref>

| [[NileIkan tilapianila]]

| style="background:#eef;"| [[BlueIkan tilapianila biru]]

| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| NileHibrida tilapiaIkan nila + blueIkan tilapianila hybridbiru

| [[Mozambique tilapiaMujair]]

[[Berkas:Rednile2jf.JPG|jmpl|ka|''RedIkan nilenila tilapia''merah pada percobaan di [[CLSU]], [[PhilippinesFilipina]]]]

Produksi peternakan tilapia adalah sekitar {{convert|1500000|t}} setiap tahunnya dengan nilai US$1.8 miliar,<ref>{{cite web |author=De Silva, S.S; Subasinghe, R.P.; Bartley, D.M.; Lowther, A. |title=Tilapias as Alien Aquatics in Asia and the Pacific: A Review |publisher=FAO Fisheries Technical Paper - No. 453 |year=2004 |url=http://www.fao.org/documents/show_cdr.asp?url_file=/docrep/007/y5728e/y5728e00.HTM }}{{Pranala mati|date=Mei 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> hampir setara dengan [[salmon]] dan [[trout]].

Multiple studies have evaluated the effects of adding flaxseed derivatives (a vegetable source of omega-3 fatty acids) to the feed of farmed tilapia. These studies have found both the more common omega-3 fatty acid found in the flax, [[Alpha-Linolenic acid|ALA]] and the two types almost unique to animal sources ([[Docosahexaenoic acid|DHA]] and [[Eicosapentaenoic acid|EPA]]), increased in the fish fed this diet.<ref>{{cite journal |display-authors=1 |last=Shapira |first=N |first2=P |last2=Weill |first3=O |last3=Sharon first4=R |last4=Loewenbach |first5=O |last5=Berzak |title=''n''-3 PUFA fortification of high ''n''-6 PUFA farmed tilapia with linseed could significantly increase dietary contribution and support nutritional expectations of fish |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-agricultural-and-food-chemistry_2009-03-25_57_6/page/n171 |journal=J. Agric. Food Chem. |volume=57 |pages=2249–2254 |date=March 2009 |pmid=19243170 |doi=10.1021/jf8029258}}{{subscription required |date=September 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |display-authors=1 |last=Aguiar |first=AC |first2=DR |last2=Morais |first3=LP |last3=Santos |first4=FB |last4=Stevanato |first5=JE |last5=Visentainer |first6=NE |last6=de Souza |first7=JV |last7=Visentainer |title=Effect of flaxseed oil in diet on fatty acid composition in the liver of Nile tilapia (''Oreochromis niloticus'') |date=September 2007 |journal=Arch Latinoam Nutr. |volume=57 |pages=273–277 |pmid=18271406 |issue=3}}</ref> Guided by these findings, tilapia farming techniques could be adjusted to address the nutritional criticisms directed at the fish while retaining its advantage as an omnivore capable of feeding on economically and environmentally inexpensive vegetable protein. Adequate diets for salmon and other carnivorous fish can alternatively be formulated from protein sources such as [[soybean]], although soy-based diets may also change in the balance between omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids.<ref name="Espe et al. 2006">{{cite journal |display-authors=1|last=Espe |first=Marit |first2=Andreas |last2=Lemme |first3=Alfred |last3=Petei |first4=Adel |last4=El-Mowafi |date=May 2006 |title=Can Atlantic salmon (''Salmo salar'') grow on diets devoid of fish meal? |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_aquaculture_2006-05-31_255_1-4/page/n260|journal=Aquaculture |volume=255 |pages=255–262 |doi=10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.12.030}}{{subscription required |date=September 2012}}</ref>