Pita frekuensi Ka: Perbedaan antara revisi

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{{DISPLAYTITLE:Pita frekuensi K<sub>a</sub>}}
K<sub>a</sub> Band (''Kurtz-above'' Band) atau pita [[frekuensi]] K<sub>a</sub> adalah pita gelombang mikro dari [[spektrum elektromagnetik]] dengan jangkauan antara 18GHz – 40GHz. Pita frekuensi K<sub>a</sub> ''uplink'' memiliki jangkauan frekuensi antara 27.5 GHz - 31GHz dan pita frekuensi K<sub>a</sub> ''downlink'' memiliki jangkauan frekuensi antara 18,3GHz -18,8GHz dan 19,7GHz – 20,2GHz. Standar frekuensi ini dikeluarkan oleh IEEE ([[Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers]]).
{{Pita frekuensi radio}}'''Pita frekuensi K<sub>a</sub>''' ([[bahasa Inggris|Inggris]]: '''''K<sub>a</sub> Band''''' atau ''Kurtz-above'' band) adalah pita [[gelombang mikro]] dari [[spektrum elektromagnetik]] dengan jangkauan antara 18&nbsp;GHz – 40&nbsp;GHz. Pita frekuensi K<sub>a</sub> ''uplink'' memiliki jangkauan frekuensi antara 27.5&nbsp;GHz - 31&nbsp;GHz dan pita frekuensi K<sub>a</sub> ''downlink'' memiliki jangkauan frekuensi antara 18,3&nbsp;GHz -18,8&nbsp;GHz dan 19,7&nbsp;GHz – 20,2&nbsp;GHz. Standar frekuensi ini dikeluarkan oleh IEEE ([[Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers]]).
 
 
'''Keuntungan'''
 
== Keuntungan ==
Pita frekuensi K<sub>a</sub> memiliki beberapa keuntungan antara lain:
* Tersedianya [[lebar pita]] frekuensi yang cukup besar, berkisar 27,5 &nbsp;GHz s/d 31 &nbsp;GHz.
* Tidak memerlukan antena berukuran besar. Kecilnya diameter [[antenna (radio)|antena]] pada sisi pengguna akhir, berkisar 60 &nbsp;cm s/d 70 &nbsp;cm membuat biaya yang dikeluarkan pengguna lebih rendah.
* Mampu menurunkan secara drastis ''latency''/keterlambatan data yang biasa terjadi ketika data dikirimkan ke satelit dan ditransmisikan kembali ke bumi.
 
== Kekurangan ==
* [[Satelit]] yang menggunakan pita frekuensi K<sub>a</sub> memerlukan lebih banyak tenaga untuk mentransmisikan sinyal jika dibandingkan dengan satelit yang menggunakan pita frekuensi C.
* Semakin tinggi frekuensi K<sub>a</sub> maka semakin rentan terhadap perubahan kondisi atmosfer, khususnya hujan,<ref>Mirabito, Michael M.A., and Barbara L. Morgenstern, E: "The New Communication Technologies: Applications, Policy, and Impact (Fifth Edition)", Ch.7. UK: Focal Press, 2004</ref> [[dimana]] daya emisi yang diterima akan teredam dan suhu sistem noise meningkat di sisi penerima. Hal ini menyebabkan kualitas hubungan, rasio [[sinyal]] terhadap noise akan menurun akibat nilai temperatur, [[suhu]] sistem pada sisi penerima meningkat dan penguatan pada antena penerima menurun.<ref name="ReferenceA">Setiawan, Eddy, E: "Pengenalan Umum Pita Frekuensi Ka dan Industri Satelit Telekomunikasi Pita Lebar Dunia", ASSI Newsletter Number 4, Volume I, April 2000</ref>
 
== Aplikasi ==
'''Kekurangan'''
Saat ini pita frekuensi K<sub>a</sub> diaplikasikan untuk telekomunikasi satelit, antara lain untuk keperluan [[internet]], ''video conference, video telephone, data broadcasting, voice (telepon) rural/remote area, tele-medecine, tele-education,'' SCADA, ''local television (broadcasting) satellite data relay services,'' ''Inter Satellite Links (ISL)'', ''news gathering'' dan ''PC Networks''.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
* [[Satelit]] yang menggunakan pita frekuensi K<sub>a</sub> memerlukan lebih banyak tenaga untuk mentransmisikan sinyal jika dibandingkan dengan satelit yang menggunakan pita frekuensi C.
Namun demikian sebagian besar aplikasi yang akan dilayani oleh pita frekuensi Ka adalah aplikasi Internet dan [[Multimedia]].
* Semakin tinggi frekuensi K<sub>a</sub> maka semakin rentan terhadap perubahan kondisi atmosfir, khususnya hujan<ref>Mirabito, Michael M.A., and Barbara L. Morgenstern, E: "The New Communication Technologies: Applications, Policy, and Impact (Fifth Edition)", Ch.7. UK: Focal Press, 2004</ref>, di mana daya emisi yang diterima akan teredam dan suhu sistem noise meningkat disisi penerima. Hal ini menyebabkan kualitas hubungan, rasio [[sinyal]] terhadap noise akan menurun akibat nilai temperatur, [[suhu]] sistem pada sisi penerima meningkat dan penguatan pada antena penerima menurun<ref>Setiawan, Eddy , E: "Pengenalan Umum Pita Frekuensi Ka dan Industri Satelit Telekomunikasi Pita Lebar Dunia", ASSI Newsletter Number 4, Volume I, April 2000</ref>.
 
<center>
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Alokasi frekuensi Deep Space Network (DSN) dan Near Earth Network (NEN) dalam MHz
|-
! rowspan="2" | Penamaan band
! colspan="2" | Pita [[Deep Space Network|Deep space]] (untuk [[Space radio station|space stations]] yang berjarak lebih dari 2.000.000 km dari Bumi)
! colspan="2" | Pita [[Near space]] (untuk space stations yang jaraknya kurang dari 2.000.000 km dari Bumi)
|-
<!-- column 1 occupied by cell A -->
! [[Up-link]] (Bumi ke luar angkasa)
! [[Down-link]] (Antariksa ke Bumi)
! Up-link (Bumi ke luar angkasa)
! Down-link (Antariksa ke Bumi)
|-
! [[S band]]
| 2110–2120 || 2290–2300 || 2025–2110 || 2200–2290
|-
! [[X band]]
| 7 145–7 190 || 8 400–8 450 || 7 190–7 235 || 8 450–8 500
|-
! [[K band (IEEE)|K band]]
| * || * || * || 25 500–27 000
|-
! [[Ka-band]]
| 34 200–34 700 || 31 800–32 300 || * || *
|}</center>
 
<nowiki>*</nowiki> = Tidak ada penugasan atau tidak didukung oleh [[Deep Space Network|DSN]]
'''Aplikasi'''
 
;Perbandingan standar penunjukan pita radio
Saat ini pita frekuensi K<sub>a</sub> diaplikasikan untuk telekomunikasi satelit, antara lain untuk keperluan [[internet]], ''video conference, video telephone, data broadcasting, voice (telepon) rural/remote area, tele-medecine, tele-education,'' SCADA, ''local television (broadcasting) satellite data relay services,'' ''Inter Satellite Links (ISL)'', ''news gathering'' dan ''PC Networks''<ref>Setiawan, Eddy , E: "Pengenalan Umum Pita Frekuensi Ka dan Industri Satelit Telekomunikasi Pita Lebar Dunia", ASSI Newsletter Number 4, Volume I, April 2000</ref>.
[[File:Frq Band Comparison.png|800px|jmpl|pus|Perbandingan designasi penunjukan pita frekuensi|none]]
Namun demikian sebagian besar aplikasi yang akan dilayani oleh pita frekuensi Ka adalah aplikasi Internet dan Multimedia.
 
<center>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" | [[Frekuensi]]
! rowspan="2" | [[IEEE]]
! rowspan="2" | [[EU]],<br>[[NATO]],<br>US ECM
! colspan="2" | [[International Telecommunication Union|ITU]]
|-
! no.
! sing.
|-
| style="border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-right: none; text-align: right; vertical-align: top" |
| style="border-left: none; width: 0.5em" |
|
| rowspan="9" | [[A band (radio)|A]]
| colspan="2" | &nbsp;
|-
| style="border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-right: none; text-align: right; vertical-align: top" | <span style="position: relative; top: -2ex">3&nbsp;Hz</span>
| style="border-left: none" |
|
| align="right" | [[Extremely low frequency|1]]
| [[Extremely low frequency|ELF]]
|-
| style="border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-right: none; text-align: right; vertical-align: top" | <span style="position: relative; top: -2ex">30&nbsp;Hz</span>
| style="border-left: none" |
|
| align="right" | [[Super low frequency|2]]
| [[Super low frequency|SLF]]
|-
| style="border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-right: none; text-align: right; vertical-align: top" | <span style="position: relative; top: -2ex">300&nbsp;Hz</span>
| style="border-left: none" |
|
| align="right" | [[Ultra low frequency|3]]
| [[Ultra low frequency|ULF]]
|-
| style="border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-right: none; text-align: right; vertical-align: top" | <span style="position: relative; top: -2ex">3&nbsp;kHz</span>
| style="border-left: none" |
|
| align="right" | [[Very low frequency|4]]
| [[VLF]]
|-
| style="border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-right: none; text-align: right; vertical-align: top" | <span style="position: relative; top: -2ex">30&nbsp;kHz</span>
| style="border-left: none" |
|
| align="right" | [[Low frequency|5]]
| [[Low frequency|LF]]
|-
| style="border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-right: none; text-align: right; vertical-align: top" | <span style="position: relative; top: -2ex">300&nbsp;kHz</span>
| style="border-left: none" |
|
| align="right" | [[Medium frequency|6]]
| [[Medium frequency|MF]]
|-
| style="border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-right: none; text-align: right; vertical-align: top" | <span style="position: relative; top: -2ex">3&nbsp;MHz</span>
| style="border-left: none" |
| [[High frequency|HF]]
| align="right" | [[High frequency|7]]
| [[High frequency|HF]]
|-
| style="border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-right: none; text-align: right; vertical-align: top" | <span style="position: relative; top: -2ex">30&nbsp;MHz</span>
| style="border-left: none" |
| rowspan="2" | [[VHF]]
| rowspan="2" align="right" | [[Very high frequency|8]]
| rowspan="2" | [[VHF]]
|-
| style="border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-right: none; text-align: right; vertical-align: top" | <span style="position: relative; top: -2ex">250&nbsp;MHz</span>
| style="border-left: none" |
| rowspan="2" | [[B band|B]]
|-
| style="border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-right: none; text-align: right; vertical-align: top" | <span style="position: relative; top: -2ex">300&nbsp;MHz</span>
| style="border-left: none" |
| rowspan="2" | [[UHF]]
| rowspan="4" align="right" | [[Ultra high frequency|9]]
| rowspan="4" | [[UHF]]
|-
| style="border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-right: none; text-align: right; vertical-align: top" | <span style="position: relative; top: -2ex">500&nbsp;MHz</span>
| style="border-left: none" |
| [[C band (NATO)|C]]
|-
| style="border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-right: none; text-align: right; vertical-align: top" | <span style="position: relative; top: -2ex">1&nbsp;GHz</span>
| style="border-left: none" |
| [[L band|L]]
| [[D band (NATO)|D]]
|-
| style="border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-right: none; text-align: right; vertical-align: top" | <span style="position: relative; top: -2ex">2&nbsp;GHz</span>
| style="border-left: none" |
| rowspan="2" | [[S band|S]]
| [[E band (NATO)|E]]
|-
| style="border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-right: none; text-align: right; vertical-align: top" | <span style="position: relative; top: -2ex">3&nbsp;GHz</span>
| style="border-left: none" |
| [[F band (NATO)|F]]
| rowspan="9" align="right" | [[Super high frequency|10]]
| rowspan="9" | [[Super high frequency|SHF]]
|-
| style="border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-right: none; text-align: right; vertical-align: top" | <span style="position: relative; top: -2ex">4&nbsp;GHz</span>
| style="border-left: none" |
| rowspan="2" | [[C band (IEEE)|C]]
| [[G band (NATO)|G]]
|-
| style="border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-right: none; text-align: right; vertical-align: top" | <span style="position: relative; top: -2ex">6&nbsp;GHz</span>
| style="border-left: none" |
| [[H band (NATO)|H]]
|-
| style="border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-right: none; text-align: right; vertical-align: top" | <span style="position: relative; top: -2ex">8&nbsp;GHz</span>
| style="border-left: none" |
| rowspan="2" | [[X band|X]]
| [[I band (NATO)|I]]
|-
| style="border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-right: none; text-align: right; vertical-align: top" | <span style="position: relative; top: -2ex">10&nbsp;GHz</span>
| style="border-left: none" |
| rowspan="3" | [[J band (NATO)|J]]
|-
| style="border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-right: none; text-align: right; vertical-align: top" | <span style="position: relative; top: -2ex">12&nbsp;GHz</span>
| style="border-left: none" |
| [[Ku band|K<sub>u</sub>]]
|-
| style="border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-right: none; text-align: right; vertical-align: top" | <span style="position: relative; top: -2ex">18&nbsp;GHz</span>
| style="border-left: none" |
| rowspan="2" | [[K band (IEEE)|K]]
|-
| style="border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-right: none; text-align: right; vertical-align: top" | <span style="position: relative; top: -2ex">20&nbsp;GHz</span>
| style="border-left: none" |
| rowspan="3" | [[K band (NATO)|K]]
|-
| style="border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-right: none; text-align: right; vertical-align: top" | <span style="position: relative; top: -2ex">27&nbsp;GHz</span>
| style="border-left: none" |
| rowspan="2" | [[Ka band|K<sub>a</sub>]]
|-
| style="border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-right: none; text-align: right; vertical-align: top" | <span style="position: relative; top: -2ex">30&nbsp;GHz</span>
| style="border-left: none" |
| rowspan="6" align="right" | [[Extremely high frequency|11]]
| rowspan="6" | [[Extremely high frequency|EHF]]
|-
| style="border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-right: none; text-align: right; vertical-align: top" | <span style="position: relative; top: -2ex">40&nbsp;GHz</span>
| style="border-left: none" |
| rowspan="2" | [[V band|V]]
| [[L band (NATO)|L]]
|-
| style="border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-right: none; text-align: right; vertical-align: top" | <span style="position: relative; top: -2ex">60&nbsp;GHz</span>
| style="border-left: none" |
| rowspan="2" | [[M band (NATO)|M]]
|-
| style="border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-right: none; text-align: right; vertical-align: top" | <span style="position: relative; top: -2ex">75&nbsp;GHz</span>
| style="border-left: none" |
| rowspan="2" | [[W band|W]]
|-
| style="border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-right: none; text-align: right; vertical-align: top" | <span style="position: relative; top: -2ex">100&nbsp;GHz</span>
| style="border-left: none" |
| rowspan="2" |
|-
| style="border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-right: none; text-align: right; vertical-align: top" | <span style="position: relative; top: -2ex">110&nbsp;GHz</span>
| style="border-left: none" |
| [[Millimeter band|mm]]
|-
| style="border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-right: none; text-align: right; vertical-align: top" | <span style="position: relative; top: -2ex">300&nbsp;GHz</span>
| style="border-left: none" |
|
|
| align="right" | [[Tremendously high frequency|12]]
| [[Tremendously high frequency|THF]]
|-
| style="border-top: none; border-bottom: none; border-right: none; text-align: right; vertical-align: top" | <span style="position: relative; top: -2ex">3 THz</span>
| style="border-left: none" |
|
|
| colspan="2" | &nbsp;
|}
</center>
 
== Satelit ==
Satelit-satelit yang menggunakan pita frekuensi K<sub>a</sub> antara lain:
* PCG (Hongkong/Singapura)
Baris 29 ⟶ 227:
* Badr 5
 
== Catatan ==
{{reflist}}
 
====Catatan== Pranala luar ==
* [http://www.lyngsat.com/launches/ka.html LyngSat]
<references/>
* [http://www.channel-11.net/ina/faq/index.php?category_id=13&faq_id=30 Channel 11 - Connecting The World] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081229195957/http://www.channel-11.net/ina/faq/index.php?faq_id=30&category_id=13 |date=2008-12-29 }}
 
* [http://forum.ecoustics.com/bbs/messages/34579/120309.html forum.ecoustics.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080213222733/http://forum.ecoustics.com/bbs/messages/34579/120309.html |date=2008-02-13 }}
 
* [http://www.elektroindonesia.com/elektro/assi0400.html elektroindonesia.com]
'''Referensi:'''
* LyngSat - [http://www.lyngsattech-faq.com/launches/ka-band.htmlshtml tech-faq.com]
* Channel 11 - Connecting The World http://www.channel-11.net/ina/faq/index.php?category_id=13&faq_id=30
* http://forum.ecoustics.com/bbs/messages/34579/120309.html
* http://www.elektroindonesia.com/elektro/assi0400.html
* http://www.tech-faq.com/ka-band.shtml
 
 
 
[[Kategori:Pita frekuensi gelombang mikro]]
-Riska Yuniar Rahmawati Nabhani, 0905017098, Kom'05-