Catatan Komunitas: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
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{{Infobox software
| title = Community Notes
| screenshot = CommunityNotesRating.png
| logo = Community Notes Logo.png
| logo caption = Logo of Community Notes on X
| logo size = 200px
| logo alt = Catatan Komunitas
| collapsible = <!-- Any text here will collapse the screenshot. -->
| screenshot size = 200px
| screenshot alt = Rating a Community Note on X
| caption = Menilai Catatan Komunitas di X
| other_names = Birdwatch
| author = [[Twitter, Inc.]]
| developer = [[X Corp.]]
| released = January 25, 2021
| ver layout = <!-- simple (default) or stacked -->
| discontinued = <!-- Set to yes, if software is discontinued, otherwise omit. -->
| latest release version =
| latest release date = <!-- {{Start date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|df=yes/no}} -->
| latest preview version =
| latest preview date = <!-- {{Start date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|df=yes/no}} -->
| repo = https://github.com/twitter/communitynotes
| qid =
| programming language = [[Python (programming language)|Python]]
| middleware =
| engine = <!-- or |engines= -->
| operating system =
| platform = [[Twitter|X]]
| included with =
| replaces =
| replaced_by =
| service_name =
| size =
| standard =
| language =
| language count = <!-- Number only -->
| language footnote =
| genre = {{ubl|[[crowdsourcing]]|[[Pemeriksaan fakta]]|[[Moderasi konten]]}}
| license = [[Apache License|Lisensi Apache-2.0]]
| website = https://communitynotes.x.com/guide
| AsOf =
}}
'''''Community Notes''''', sebelumnya dikenal sebagai '''''Birdwatch''''', adalah [[Fitur perangkat lunak|fitur]] di [[Twitter|X (sebelumnya Twitter)]] tempat kontributor dapat menambahkan [[Konteks (linguistik)|konteks]] seperti [[Pemeriksaan fakta|pemeriksaan fakta]] di bawah kiriman, gambar, atau video. Ini adalah program [[moderasi konten]] yang digerakkan oleh komunitas, yang dimaksudkan untuk menyediakan konteks yang bermanfaat dan informatif, berdasarkan sistem [[Urun daya|sumber daya massa]]. Catatan diterapkan pada konten yang berpotensi [[Muslihat|menyesatkan]] oleh [[algoritme]] yang tidak didasarkan pada [[Kekuasaan mayoritas|aturan mayoritas]], tetapi persetujuan dari pengguna di berbagai sisi [[spektrum politik]].
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== Sejarah ==
[[File:Birdwatch Logo.svg|thumb|Logo asli dari ''Birdwatch'']]
Pada bulan Februari 2020, Twitter memperkenalkan label dan pesan peringatan yang dimaksudkan untuk membatasi konten yang berpotensi membahayakan dan menyesatkan.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Roth |first1= Yoel |last2=Achuthan |first2=Ashita |date=2020-02-04 |title=Building rules in public: Our approach to synthetic & manipulated media |url=https://blog.x.com/en_us/topics/company/2020/new-approach-to-synthetic-and-manipulated-media |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218200329/https://blog.twitter.com/en_us/topics/company/2020/new-approach-to-synthetic-and-manipulated-media |archive-date=December 18, 2023 |access-date=2024-12-03 |website=Twitter blog |language=en}}</ref> Pada bulan Agustus 2020, pengembangan Birdwatch diumumkan, yang awalnya digambarkan sebagai alat moderasi. Twitter pertama kali meluncurkan program Birdwatch pada bulan Januari 2021, yang dimaksudkan sebagai cara untuk membantah misinformasi dan propaganda, dengan [[Eksperimen pendahuluan|program percontohan]] yang melibatkan 1.000 kontributor,<ref name="Hollister-2020">{{Cite web |last=Hollister |first=Sean |date=2020-10-04 |title=Twitter's 'Birdwatch' looks like a new attempt to root out propaganda and misinformation |url=https://www.theverge.com/2020/10/4/21500687/twitter-birdwatch-misinfo-tool-propaganda |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231119051019/https://www.theverge.com/2020/10/4/21500687/twitter-birdwatch-misinfo-tool-propaganda |archive-date=November 19, 2023 |access-date=2023-11-19 |website=The Verge |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Lyons-2021">{{cite web |last=Lyons |first=Kim |date=January 25, 2021 |title=Twitter launches Birdwatch, a fact-checking program intended to fight misinformation |url=https://www.theverge.com/2021/1/25/22248903/twitter-birdwatch-fact-checking-misinformation |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210324160905/https://www.theverge.com/2021/1/25/22248903/twitter-birdwatch-fact-checking-misinformation |archive-date=March 24, 2021 |access-date=January 25, 2021 |work=[[The Verge]]}}</ref> beberapa minggu setelah [[Penyerbuan Gedung Kapitol 2021|serangan Gedung Capitol Amerika Serikat pada tanggal 6 Januari]].<ref name="Elliott-2023">{{Cite magazine |last=Elliott |first=Vittoria |date=October 17, 2023 |title=Elon Musk's Main Tool for Fighting Disinformation on X Is Making the Problem Worse, Insiders Claim |url=https://www.wired.com/story/x-community-notes-disinformation/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231017224528/https://www.wired.com/story/x-community-notes-disinformation/ |archive-date=October 17, 2023 |access-date=2023-11-17 |magazine=Wired |language=en-US |issn=1059-1028}}</ref> Tujuannya adalah untuk "membangun Birdwatch secara terbuka, dan dibentuk oleh komunitas Twitter." Pada bulan November 2021, Twitter memperbarui alat moderasi Birdwatch untuk membatasi visibilitas identitas kontributor dengan membuat alias untuk akun mereka, dalam upaya untuk membatasi bias terhadap penulis catatan.<ref name="Lyons-2021" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Lyons |first=Kim |date=November 22, 2021 |title=Twitter introduces aliases for contributors to its Birdwatch moderation program |url=https://www.theverge.com/2021/11/22/22796918/twitter-moderation-birdwatch-aliases-contributors-misinformation |access-date=November 22, 2021 |website=The Verge |archive-date=November 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122212018/https://www.theverge.com/2021/11/22/22796918/twitter-moderation-birdwatch-aliases-contributors-misinformation |url-status=live }}</ref>
Twitter kemudian memperluas akses ke catatan yang dibuat oleh kontributor Birdwatch pada bulan Maret 2022, memberikan sekelompok pengguna AS secara acak kemampuan untuk melihat catatan yang dilampirkan ke tweet dan menilai catatan tersebut,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Perez |first=Sarah |date=March 3, 2022 |title=Twitter to show 'Birdwatch' community fact-checks to more users, following criticism |url=https://techcrunch.com/2022/03/03/twitter-to-show-birdwatch-community-fact-checks-to-more-users-following-criticism/ |access-date=March 3, 2022 |website=Tech Crunch |archive-date=March 3, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220303144716/https://techcrunch.com/2022/03/03/twitter-to-show-birdwatch-community-fact-checks-to-more-users-following-criticism/ |url-status=live }}</ref> dengan pilot sebanyak 10.000 kontributor.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sato |first=Mia |date=2022-03-03 |title=Twitter will start showing crowd-sourced fact checks to some users |url=https://www.theverge.com/2022/3/3/22959888/twitter-birdwatch-crowdsourcing-fact-checking |access-date=2024-02-28 |website=The Verge |language=en |archive-date=November 19, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231119053846/https://www.theverge.com/2022/3/3/22959888/twitter-birdwatch-crowdsourcing-fact-checking |url-status=live }}</ref> Rata-rata, kontributor mencatat 43 kali sehari pada tahun 2022 sebelum [[invasi Rusia ke Ukraina]]. Jumlah ini kemudian meningkat menjadi 156 pada hari invasi, yang diperkirakan merupakan sebagian kecil dari unggahan menyesatkan di platform tersebut. Hingga 1 Maret, hanya 359 dari 10.000 kontributor yang mengajukan catatan pada tahun 2022, sementara juru bicara Twitter menjelaskan rencana untuk meningkatkan program tersebut, dengan fokus pada "memastikan bahwa Birdwatch adalah sesuatu yang dianggap bermanfaat oleh orang-orang dan dapat membantu memberikan pemahaman".<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Oremus |first1=Will |last2=Merrill |first2=Jeremy B. |date=March 2, 2022 |title=As Ukraine misinformation rages, Twitter's fact-checking tool is a no-show |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/03/01/twitter-birdwatch-ukraine-fact-checking-misinfo/ |access-date=March 3, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230604063853/https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/03/01/twitter-birdwatch-ukraine-fact-checking-misinfo/ |archive-date=June 4, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Godel |first1=William |last2=Sanderson |first2=Zeve |last3=Aslett |first3=Kevin |last4=Nagler |first4=Jonathan |last5=Bonneau |first5=Richard |last6=Persily |first6=Nathaniel |last7=Tucker |first7=Joshua A. |date=2021-10-28 |title=Moderating with the Mob: Evaluating the Efficacy of Real-Time Crowdsourced Fact-Checking |url=https://www.tsjournal.org/index.php/jots/article/view/15/6 |journal=[[Journal of Online Trust and Safety]] |language=en |volume=1 |issue=1 |doi=10.54501/jots.v1i1.15 |issn=2770-3142 |doi-access=free |access-date=November 25, 2023 |archive-date=November 24, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124151440/https://www.tsjournal.org/index.php/jots/article/view/15/6 |url-status=live }}</ref>
Pada September 2022, program ini telah diperluas hingga mencapai 15.000 pengguna.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kelly |first=Makena |date=2022-09-07 |title=Twitter is expanding its experimental community moderation system |url=https://www.theverge.com/2022/9/7/23341003/twitter-birdwatch-community-moderation-notes-misinformation-tweets-qanon |access-date=2023-11-19 |website=The Verge |language=en |archive-date=November 19, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231119051023/https://www.theverge.com/2022/9/7/23341003/twitter-birdwatch-community-moderation-notes-misinformation-tweets-qanon |url-status=live }}</ref> Pada bulan Oktober 2022, catatan yang paling sering diterbitkan terkait dengan [[Misinformasi Covid-19|misinformasi COVID-19]] berdasarkan penggunaan historis.<ref name="Faife-2022">{{Cite web |last=Faife |first=Corin |date=2022-10-10 |title=COVID misinfo is the biggest challenge for Twitter's Birdwatch program, data shows |url=https://www.theverge.com/2022/10/10/23393021/twitter-birdwatch-covid-misinformation-data-analysis-misinformation-fact-check |access-date=2023-11-19 |website=The Verge |language=en |archive-date=November 19, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231119051020/https://www.theverge.com/2022/10/10/23393021/twitter-birdwatch-covid-misinformation-data-analysis-misinformation-fact-check |url-status=live }}</ref> Pada bulan November 2022, atas permintaan [[
Catatan Komunitas kemudian diperluas untuk menyertakan catatan tentang gambar yang menyesatkan pada bulan Mei 2023<ref name="Sato-2023">{{Cite web |last=Sato |first=Mia |date=2023-05-30 |title=Twitter is adding crowdsourced fact checks to images |url=https://www.theverge.com/2023/5/30/23742851/twitter-notes-images-crowdsourced-fact-checks-misinformation-moderation |access-date=2023-11-19 |website=The Verge |language=en |archive-date=November 19, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231119051022/https://www.theverge.com/2023/5/30/23742851/twitter-notes-images-crowdsourced-fact-checks-misinformation-moderation |url-status=live }}</ref> dan pada bulan September 2023 diperluas ke video, tetapi hanya untuk sekelompok [[Power user|pengguna-pengguna hebat]] yang disebut sebagai "Penulis Top".<ref name="Khalid-2023">{{Cite web |last=Khalid |first=Amrita |date=2023-09-06 |title=X's Community Notes feature will now include videos |url=https://www.theverge.com/2023/9/6/23861669/x-twitter-community-notes-video-fact-checking |access-date=2023-11-19 |website=The Verge |language=en |archive-date=November 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120062327/https://www.theverge.com/2023/9/6/23861669/x-twitter-community-notes-video-fact-checking |url-status=live }}</ref> Twitter kemudian mengakhiri kemampuan untuk melaporkan postingan yang menyesatkan, dan hanya mengandalkan Catatan Komunitas,<ref name="Taylor-2023">{{Cite news |last=Taylor |first=Josh |date=2023-09-27 |title=X/Twitter scraps feature letting users report misleading information |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2023/sep/27/xtwitter-scraps-function-letting-users-report-misleading-information |access-date=2023-11-17 |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=November 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231127072258/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2023/sep/27/xtwitter-scraps-function-letting-users-report-misleading-information |url-status=live }}</ref> dengan kontributor mengusulkan lebih dari 21.200 catatan pada platform.<ref name="Coffee-2023">{{Cite news |last1=Coffee |first1=Patrick |last2=Graham |first2=Megan |date=2023-10-05 |title='This Is a False Advertisement': X Ads Are Being Challenged by Reader Context |language=en-US |work=The Wall Street Journal |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/this-is-a-false-advertisement-x-ads-are-being-challenged-by-reader-context-239ef2e6 |access-date=2023-11-19 |issn=0099-9660 |archive-date=November 18, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118223500/https://www.wsj.com/articles/this-is-a-false-advertisement-x-ads-are-being-challenged-by-reader-context-239ef2e6 |url-status=live }}</ref>
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