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Angkatan Darat Yugoslavia: Perbedaan antara revisi

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(11 revisi perantara oleh 9 pengguna tidak ditampilkan)
Baris 2:
{{Infobox military unit
|unit_name= Angkatan Darat Yugoslavia
|image= [[FileBerkas:KoV JNA.JPG|150px]]
|caption= EmblemLambang ofAngkatan theDarat [[YugoslavTentara People'sRakyat ArmyYugoslavia]] Ground Forces
|dates= 1945–1992
|country= {{YUG}}
Baris 9:
|type=
|role=
|size= sekitar 600140,000 personel dan ada 2({{sekitar|1.000.000}} cadangan)
|command_structure=[[Tentara Rakyat Yugoslavia (TRY)]]
|garrison= [[Belgrade]]
|garrison_label= H/QMarkas
|battles= [[Perang Yugoslavia]]<br>[[Perang Sepuluh Hari]]<br> [[Perang Kroasia]] <br>[[Perang Bosnia]]
|anniversaries= 22 Desember 1945
|decorations=
|disbanded= [[Breakup ofPerpecahan Yugoslavia]] (1992)
<!-- Insignia -->
|identification_symbol= [[Berkas:Flag of the Yugoslav Ground Forces.svg|200px|border]]
|identification_symbol_label= Bendera infanteri
|identification_symbol_2=
|identification_symbol_2_label=
<!-- Commanders -->
|commander1= [[ColonelKolonel GeneralJenderal]] [[Života Panić]]
|commander1_label=Last commanderKomandan terakhir
|notable_commanders=
}}
 
'''Angkatan Darat Yugoslavia''' ([[bahasa Serbo-Croatian languageKroasia|Serbo-CroatianKroasia]]: ''Kopnena Vojska'' – KoV, [[SerbianAlfabet CyrillicKiril alphabetSerbia|Cyrillictulisan scriptKiril]]: Копнена Војска – КоВ) adalah salah satu cabang [[Tentara Rakyat Yugoslavia (TRY)]] dari tanggal 1 Maret 1945 sampai 20 Mei 1992 saat pecah [[Perang Bosnia]] pecah.
 
== Sejarah ==
Asal Muasalmuasal Angkatan Darat ini berasal dari para Partisan Yugoslavia di wilayah pendudukan [[Nazi Jerman]] selama masa [[Perang Dunia ke-2]],. dan padaPada tanggal 1 Maret 1945, Partisan itu disusun lagi menjadi sebuah tentara yang bernama Angkatan Darat Yugoslavia (''Jugoslovenska Armija'') danlalu pada 22 DecemberDesember 1951, ulang tahun ke-10,mereka menambahkan kata ''Rakyat'' (i.e. ''Narodna'') jadinyasehingga menjadi Angkatan Bersenjata Rakyat Yugoslavia (ABRY).<ref>p.202, Trifunovska</ref>
 
Pada September 1968 dibentuk Pasukan Pembela Wilayah (PPW) untuk membantu [[Tentara Rakyat Yugoslavia (TRY)]] dalam hal penjagaan perbatasan.
 
== Tugas ==
''SeeLihat alsopula: [[Perang Yugoslavia]] and [[Perang Sepuluh Hari]]''
 
=== Perang Sepuluh Hari/Perang di Slovenia ===
Saat pecah [[Perang Sepuluh Hari]], banyak dari Prajurit TRY dan tidak mengetahui kenapamengapa dan apa yang sedang mereka lakukan di wilayah [[Slovenia]] Timur karena sehari sebelum Slovenia merdeka, Tentaratentara TRY Dikirimdikirim dengan tergesa-gesa menuju ke timur slovenia[[Slovenia]] hanya dalam waktu satu hari. Tetapi hasil yang di dapatkandidapatkan begitu mudah untuk menguasai [[Slovenia]] karena pemerintahan mereka belum siap sedangkan TRY yang sudah berpengalaman selama [[Perang Dunia II|Perang Dunia ke-2]]. Meskipun sukssessukses tetapi tetap saja Slovenia merdeka dan telah diakui oleh banyak negara jadisehingga TRY menarik mundur pasukannya untuk menghentikanmencegah [[Kroasia]] merdeka.
 
=== Peralatan ===
* ''Senjata Assault''
** [[Zastava M70]]
* ''MachinegunsSenapan Mesin''
** [[Zastava M84]]
** [[Zastava M72]]
** [[Zastava M77]]
* ''Submachineguns''
** [[Skorpion vz. 61]]
* ''Senapan Runduk''
** [[Zastava M76]]
* ''Pistol''
** [[CZ-99]]
* ''LaunchersPeluncur''
** [[M80 Rocket Launcher]]
** [[M79 Osa]]
 
==== Galleri ====
 
<gallery>
ImageBerkas:Zastava M84.jpg|HeavySenapan machineMesin gunKelas Berat, Zastava M84 7.62 &nbsp;mm.
</gallery>
 
== Tank anddan armoured brigades ==
 
=== Perlengkapan ===
{{Unreferenced section|date=September 2010}}
* '''Tank Ringan'''
** [[PT-76]] – 63
* '''Tank Medium''''
** [[M-4 Sherman]] – 630 (includingtermasuk M-32, M32B1 anddan M-74 tank recovery vehicles, stored in reserve)
** [[T-34/85]] – 889
** [[M-47 Patton]] – 319
** [[T-55]] – 16141.614
* '''Main Battle Tanks'''
** [[T-72]] – 73
** [[M-84]] – 443
* '''Tank DestroyersPenghancur'''
** [[SU-100]] – 40
** [[2S1 Gvozdika]] – 100
** [[M18 Hellcat]] – ~260
** [[M36 Jackson]] – ~300
* '''APC's'''
** [[MT-LB]] – ~200
** [[OT M-60]] – 551
** [[BTR-50]] – 120
** [[BTR-60]] (TBA-72) – 80
* '''IFV's'''
** [[BVP M-80|M-80A]] – 995
* '''Armored Reconnaissance Vehicles
** [[BRDM-2]] – 50
** [[BOV APC]] – 317 (successor state)
 
===Artillery Artileri ===
Perlengkapan
* Mountain artillery
** [[76 mm mountain gun M48|M48]] (AKA the Tito Gun)
* '''Artillery Ringan'''
** [[M101 howitzer|M56]]-?
** [[122 mm howitzer 2A18 (D-30)|D-30]] (D-30J, D-30JA1) – 120
** [[D-74]] – ?
** [[130 mm towed field gun M1954 (M-46)|M-46]] – 250–300
** [[152 mm towed gun-howitzer M1955 (D-20)|D-20]] – 136
** [[M84 NORA - 152mm Field Gun-Howitzer|M84 "NORA A"]] – 200–300
* '''Artileri Roket'''
** [[M-63 Plamen]] – ~800
** [[M-77 Oganj]] – ~120
** [[M-87 Orkan]] – ~10
** [[FROG-7]] – 10
 
== Lihat pula ==
*'''Artileri Roket'''
{{Tentara Rakyat Yugoslavia (TRY)}}
**[[M-63 Plamen]] – ~800
**[[M-77 Oganj]] – ~120
**[[M-87 Orkan]] – ~10
**[[FROG-7]] – 10
 
* [[Angkatan Bersenjata Novorossiya]]
==Rank and uniforms==
* [[Angkatan Bersenjata Transnistria]]
===Rank===
* [[Angkatan Bersenjata Serbia]]
According to the Army Law of 1 October 1982 the Land Forces had five categories of ranks; general officers, senior officers, junior officers, Non-commissioned Officers, and soldiers.
* [[Angkatan Bersenjata Kroasia]]
 
====Enlisted== Referensi ==
The soldier and NCO ranks were private first class, corporal, junior sergeant, sergeant, sergeant first class, senior sergeant, senior sergeant first class, warrant officer, and warrant officer first class. Privates first class, corporals, and junior sergeants wore one, two, and three red chevrons, respectively, on a background of olive-green, blue-gray, or black—corresponding, respectively, to the ground forces, air force, or navy. In the land forces and air forces, sergeants, sergeants first class, senior sergeants, and senior sergeants first class wore single thin yellow-gold chevrons with one, two, three, and four yellow-gold stars, respectively. Warrant officers and warrant officers first class wore two yellow-gold chevrons with one and two gold stars respectively.
 
{| style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:100%; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px;width:100%"
|-
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC"
|-
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC"
! ||colspan=6|NCOs<ref name="Yugoslav People's Army Ranks">[[JNA Ranks|Yugoslav People's Army Ranks]]</ref>||colspan=3|Soldiers<ref name="Yugoslav People's Army Ranks"/>
|-
|align="center" rowspan=1|
|align="center"|
|align="center"|
|align="center"|
|align="center"|
|align="center"|
|align="center"|
|align="center"| [[Image:Mladji vodnik kov jna.gif|40px]]
|align="center"|
|align="center"|
|- align="center"
|Ranks in Serbo-Croatian ||''Zastavnik I klase''<br> Заставник I класе ||''Zastavnik''<br>Заставник ||'' Stariji Vodnik I klase''<br>Старији Водник I класе ||''Stariji Vodnik''<br>Старији Водник ||''Vodnik I klase''<br>Водник I класе||''Vodnik''<br>Водник||''Mlađi vodnik''<br>Млађи водник ||''Desetar''<br>Десетар||''Razvodnik''<br>Разводник
|- align="center" rowspan=2
|Ranks ||[[Warrant Officer]], 1st class||[[Warrant Officer]]||[[Senior Sergeant]] 1st class||[[Senior Sergeant]]||[[Sergeant]], 1st class||[[Sergeant]]||Junior [[Sergeant]]||[[Corporal]]||[[Private (rank)|Private]]
|}
 
====Officers====
Insignia for commissioned officers were worn on shoulder boards in olivegreen for the land forces. Shoulder boards were piped with single and double yellow-gold braid, respectively, for junior and senior officers. General officers wore shoulder boards piped with twisted gold cord.
 
Junior officer ranks were sub-lieutenant, lieutenant, lieutenant, captain, and captain first class and their shoulder boards had one, two, three, and four small yellow gold stars, respectively.
 
Senior officer ranks were major, lieutenant colonel, and colonel and their shoulder boards bore one, two, or three large yellow-gold stars respectively.
 
General officer ranks were major general, lieutenant colonel general, colonel general, and general of the army. General was the rank created for federal secretary of people's defense in 1955 and it was abolished in 1974. Army general officers wore a crossed sword and cannon and one, two, three, four and five gold stars.
 
Tito was the only person to hold the rank of [[Marshal]], and the position was abolished shortly after his death. The shoulder board insignia featured the [[Emblem of Yugoslavia]].
 
{| style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:100%; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px;width:100%"
|-
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC"
|-
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC"
! ||colspan=5|Generals<ref>[http://www.vs.rs/cir/simboli/cinovi/cinovi_generali.php Ознаке чинова – Генерали и Адмирали]</ref>||colspan=7|Officers<ref>[http://www.vs.rs/cir/simboli/cinovi/cinovi_oficiri.php Официри]</ref>
|-
|align="center" rowspan=1|
|align="center"|
|align="center"|
|align="center"|
|align="center"|
|align="center"|
|align="center"|
|align="center"|
|align="center"|
|align="center"|
|align="center"|
|align="center"|
|align="center"|
|- align="center"
|Ranks in Serbo-Croatian ||''General ''<br>Генерал ||'' General Armije''<br>Генерал Армије||'' General Pukovnik''<br>Генерал Пуковник||''General-Potpukovnik''<br>Генерал-Потпуковник||''General-Major''<br>Генерал-Мајор||'' Pukovnik''<br>Пуковник||''Potpukovnik''<br>Потпуковник||''Major''<br>Мајор||''Kapetan I klase''<br>Капетан I класе||''Kapetan''<br>Капетан||''Poručnik''<br>Поручник||''Potporučnik''<br>Потпоручник
|- align="center" rowspan=2
|Ranks ||[[General (YPA)|General]]||[[General of the Army]]||[[Colonel General]]||[[Lieutenant Colonel General]]||[[Major General]]||[[Colonel]]||[[Lieutenant Colonel]]||Major||[[Captain (armed forces)|Captain]], 1st class||[[Captain (armed forces)|Captain]]||[[Lieutenant]]||[[Sub-lieutenant]]
|}
 
===Uniforms===
====Enlisted and NCO's====
Soldiers and NCOs were issued uniforms field and service uniforms, while NCOs were authorized a dress uniform. Military school cadets wore soldier's uniforms. Soldiers' winter and summer uniforms were made of light or heavy wool and cotton in olive-green. All soldiers wore neckties of the same colors except in summer, when the uniform shirt was worn with an open collar.
 
There were several variations on the basic soldier's uniform and women's uniforms were of the same style as those for men with a skirt being substituted for trousers. Paratroops wore an olive-green beret instead of the standard garrison or service cap.
 
Mountain troops wore distinctive stiff field caps with semi-rigid visors and earflaps. They wore loose winter shirts under which additional layers could be worn. The shirt itself had a lining and a collar that could be turned up to cover the neck and chin. The trousers worn by mountain troops extended just below the knee, with a strap and buckle closure. Leather leggings, heavy wool socks, and foul-weather capes also were worn by the mountain troops.
 
Several different patterns of camouflage uniforms were worn by select units.
 
====Officers====
Officers had to buy their field, service, dress, and full dress uniforms. They wore insignia on the lapels of the field uniform shirts. The service uniform differed only in a few details from the basic dress uniform. The shirt buttons of the dress uniform were yellow-gold instead of the service color. The trousers, jackets, and overcoats were piped red along the seams. The dress cap visor showed the same piping as the officer's shoulder boards. The general officer's dress cap had a chin strap of twisted gold cord. Other officers wore plain plastic or leather chin straps. Full dress uniforms were blue and were worn with a yellow-gold sash belt lined with the appropriate service color. Cap emblems all included a red star with yellow-gold rays, given distinctive configurations according to branch. Airborne officers had the red star resting on a silver parachute against a blue background. Cap emblems for general officers showed the same gold wreath as the shoulder boards.
 
==See also==
{{Yugoslav People's Army}}
 
* [[Partisans (Yugoslavia)]]
* [[Front Illustrated Paper]]
* [[Serbian Land Forces]]
* [[Croatian Ground Army]]
 
==References==
{{reflist}}<!--added under references heading by script-assisted edit-->
* [http://www.avijacijabezgranica.com/forum/viewforum.php?f=27 Logistika, naoruzanje i ratna tehnika u OS SFRJ i novonastalim drzavama..] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070804204539/http://www.avijacijabezgranica.com/forum/viewforum.php?f=27 |date=2007-08-04 }}
* [http://www.avijacijabezgranica.com/forum/viewforum.php?f=7 Kopnene vojske na prostorima Ex-YU drzava od nastanka do danas...] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070806070358/http://www.avijacijabezgranica.com/forum/viewforum.php?f=7 |date=2007-08-06 }}
 
==Further reading==
*Jane's Intelligence Review, June 1993
 
== Pustaka tambahan ==
[[Category:Yugoslav People's Army]]
* Jane's Intelligence Review, June 1993
[[Category:Disbanded armies]]
[[Category:Military units and formations of the Cold War]]
 
[[Kategori:Sejarah Yugoslavia]]
[[bs:Jugoslavenska narodna armija]]
[[hr:Jugoslavenska narodna armija]]
[[it:Kopnena Vojska]]
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