Daftar khalifah: Perbedaan antara revisi

| post = Khalīfah (Caliph)<br />خَليفة

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== Khulafaur Rasyidin (632–661) ==

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!'''#'''

* Ayah: 'Affan bin Abi al-'Ash

* Ibu: Arwa binti Kuraiz

* Cucu Ummu Hakim binti Abdul Muttalib, bibi '''[[Muhammad]]'''

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|}

 

{| class="wikitable"

!'''#'''

!Nama<br />Rentang usia

!Kaligrafi

!Berkuasa

!width="40%" |Catatan

|align="center" |[[Hasan bin Ali|<big>'''Ḥasan'''</big><br />bin ''''Ali''']]<br />الحسن بن علي<br />{{small|1 Desember 624 {{ndash}} 1 April 670}}

|align="center" |[[Berkas:الحسن ابن علي.svg|100px]]

|align="center" |{{small|661<br />(enam atau tujuh bulan)}}

|align="center" |

|-

| 14

|align="center" | [[Berkas:يزيد بن عبد الملك.png|100px]]

|align="center" | {{small|5 Februari 720 –<br /> 26 Januari 724<br />({{age in years and days|720|2|5|724|1|26|duration=yes}})}}

|21

|align="center" |[[Al-Mansur|'Abdullah<br /><big>'''Al-Manshur''']]</big><br />عبد الله المنصور<br />{{small|714 {{ndash}} 6 Oktober 775}}

|align="center" |{{small|10 Juni 754 – 6 Oktober 775<br />({{age in years and days|754|6|10|775|10|6|duration=yes}})}}

|align="center" |

|-

|24

|align="center" |[[Berkas:Gold dinar of Harun al-Rashid, AH 170-193.jpg|100px]]

|align="center" |{{small|14 September 786 – 24 Maret 809<br />({{age in years and days|786|9|14|809|3|24|duration=yes}})}}

|-

|25

|align="center" |[[Berkas:Gold dinar of Harun al-Rashid, AH 170-193.jpg|100px]]

|align="center" |{{small|24 Maret 809 – 27 September 813<br />({{age in years and days|809|3|24|813|9|27|duration=yes}})}}

|-

|26

|align="center" |[[Berkas:Coin of the Abbasid Caliph al-Ma'mun.jpg|100px]]

|align="center" |{{small|27 September 813 – 7 Agustus 833<br />({{age in years and days|813|9|27|833|8|7|duration=yes}})}}

|-

|27

|align="center" |[[Berkas:Dirham of al-Mu'tasim, AH 221.jpg|100px]]

|align="center" |{{small|9 Agustus 833 – 5 Januari 842<br />({{age in years and days|833|8|9|842|1|5|duration=yes}})}}

|-

|33

|align="center" |[[Berkas:Dirham of al-Muhtadi, AH 255-256.jpg|100px]]

|align="center" |{{small|21 Juli 869 – 17 Juni 870<br />({{age in years and days|869|7|21|870|6|17|duration=yes}})}}

|-

|34

|align="center" |[[Berkas:Dinar of al-Mu'tamid, AH 271.jpg|100px]]

|align="center" |{{small|19 Juni 870 – 15 Oktober 892<br />({{age in years and days|870|6|19|892|10|15|duration=yes}})}}

|-

|35

|align="center" |[[Berkas:Dinar of al-Mu'tadid, AH 285.jpg|100px]]

|align="center" |{{small|15 Oktober 892 – 5 April 902<br />({{age in years and days|892|10|15|902|4|5|duration=yes}})}}

|-

|36

|align="center" |[[Berkas:Dinar of al-Muqtadir with Abu'l-Abbas and Amid al-Dawla.jpg|100px]]

|align="center" |{{small|5 April 902 - 13 Agustus 908<br />({{age in years and days|902|4|5|908|8|13|duration=yes}})}}

|-

|37

|align="center" |[[Berkas:Dinar of al-Muktafi, AH 292.jpg|100px]]

|align="center" |{{small|13 Agustus 908 – 31 Oktober 932<br />({{age in years and days|908|8|13|932|10|31|duration=yes}})}}

|-

|38

|align="center" |[[Berkas:Gold dinar of al-Qahir, AH 320-322.jpg|100px]]

|align="center" |{{small|31 Oktober 932 – 19 April 934<br />({{age in years and days|932|10|31|934|4|19|duration=yes}})}}

|-

|39

|align="center" |[[Berkas:Gold dinar of al-Radi, 323 AH.jpg|100px]]

|align="center" |{{small|24 April 934 – 12 Desember 940<br />({{age in years and days|934|4|24|940|12|12|duration=yes}})}}

|-

|41

|align="center" |[[Berkas:Dirham of al Al-Mustakfi 334h.jpg|100px]]

|align="center" |>{{small|26 Agustus 944 – 28 Januari 946<br />({{age in years and days|944|8|26|946|1|28|duration=yes}})}}

|-

|42

|align="center" |[[Berkas:Dinar Al-Muti(334-363h).jpg|100px]]

|align="center" |{{small|28 Januari 946 – 4 Agustus 974<br />({{age in years and days|946|1|28|974|8|4|duration=yes}})}}

|-

|43

|align="center" |

|align="center" |{{small|4 Agustus 974 – 30 Oktober 991<br />({{age in years and days|974|8|4|991|10|30|duration=yes}})}}

|-

|44

|align="center" |[[Berkas:Mahmud in robe from the caliph.jpg|100px]]

|align="center" |{{small|1 November 991 – 29 November 1031<br />({{age in years and days|991|10|30|1031|11|29|duration=yes}})}}

|-

|45

|align="center" |[[Berkas:Kakwayhids coin Isfahan Iran 1042.jpg|100px]]

|align="center" |{{small|29 November 1031 – 2 April 1075<br />({{age in years and days|1031|11|29|1075|4|2|duration=yes}})}}

|-

|46

|align="center" |

|align="center" |{{small|2 April 1075 – 3 Februari 1094<br />({{age in years and days|1075|4|2|1094|2|3|duration=yes}})}}

|-

|47

|align="center" |[[Berkas:MuhammadITaparSeljuqCoin.jpg|100px]]

|align="center" |{{small|3 Februari 1094 – 6 Agustus 1118<br />({{age in years and days|1094|2|3|1118|8|6|duration=yes}})}}

|-

|48

|align="center" |

|align="center" |{{small|6 Agustus 1118 – 29 Agustus 1135<br />({{age in years and days|1118|8|6|1135|8|29|duration=yes}})}}

|-

|49

|align="center" |

|align="center" |{{small|29 Agustus 1135 – 17 Agustus 1136<br />({{age in years and days|1135|8|29|1136|8|17|duration=yes}})}}

== Kekhalifahan Utsmaniyah (1517–1924) ==

{{Main|Kekhalifahan Utsmaniyah}}

Sebelum penaklukan Mesir, para penguasa Utsmani menyandang beberapa gelar, di antaranya adalah sultan dan ''padisyah''. Penguasa Utsmani menyandang gelar sultan atas kedudukan mereka sebagai kepala negara Muslim. ''Padisyah'' merupakan kaisar atau maharaja dalam bahasa Persia dan penguasa Utsmani menyandang gelar ini untuk menegaskan kedudukan mereka di atas para raja. Penguasa Utsmani resmi menyandang gelar khalifah setelah penaklukan Mesir, meski beberapa penguasa Utsmani sebelumnya sudah mulai mengklaim dirinya sebagai khalifah.

 

 

=== Kekhalifahan Abdullah bin Zubair (684–692) ===

'[[Abdullah bin Zubair]] menolak upaya Mu'awiyah bin Abu Sufyan menetapkan putranya sendiri, Yazid, sebagai khalifah sepeninggalnya. Saat Yazid kemudian mangkat pada 683, 'Abdullah bin Zubair menyatakan diri sebagai khalifah. Wilayah kekuasaannya berada di kawasan Hijaz. Ibnu Zubair akhirnya terbunuh pada [[Pengepungan Makkah (692)|Pengepungan Makkah tahun 692]] oleh komandan Umayyah [[al-Hajjaj bin Yusuf]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=Dh6jydKXikoC&dq=sack+of+mecca&pg=PA647 Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: F-O] edited by Tony Jacques</ref>

{| class="wikitable"

!Nama (dan gelar)

!Kelahiran

!Kematian

!Orangtua

|-

|align="center" |Muhammad

|align="center" |3 April 934 – 17 Mei 946

|-

Upaya terakhir untuk mengembalikan kekhalifahan dengan pengakuan ekumenis dilakukan oleh [[Syarif Husain]] dari [[Kerajaan Hijaz|Hijaz]] dan [[Syarif Makkah]], yang memimpin pada 11 Maret 1924 sampai 3 Oktober 1924, ketika ia meninggal dan tahta tersebut turun kepada anaknya [[Ali dari Hijaz|Ali bin Husain]], tetapi anaknya tidak ingin menerapkan kekhalifahan.<ref>[[#Bos04|Bosworth 2004]], [http://books.google.com/books?id=mKpz_2CkoWEC&pg=PA118 p. 118]</ref>

 

Pada 29 Juni 2014, Negara Islam memproklamirkan kembalinya kekhalifahan Islam, dengan khalifah pertamanya sebagai Amirul Mukminin [[Abu Bakar al-Baghdadi|Abu Bakr Ibrahim bin Awwad Al-Badri Al-Husaini Al-Hashimi Al-Quraishi As-sammera' i al-Baghdadi]].<ref>{{cite news|author=Adam Withnall|date=2014-06-30|title=Iraq crisis: Isis declares its territories a new Islamic state with 'restoration of caliphate' in Middle East – Middle East – World|newspaper=The Independent|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/isis-declares-new-islamic-state-in-middle-east-with-abu-bakr-albaghdadi-as-emir-removing-iraq-and-syria-from-its-name-9571374.html|access-date=2014-07-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=29 June 2014|title=ISIS Spokesman Declares Caliphate, Rebrands Group as "Islamic State"|publisher=SITE Institute|url=https://news.siteintelgroup.com/Jihadist-News/isis-spokesman-declares-caliphate-rebrands-group-as-islamic-state.html|access-date=29 June 2014}}</ref> Wilayah yang diklaim kekhalifahan pada puncaknya menguasai 12 juta orang. Pada puncaknya, Negara Islam menguasai wilayah di berbagai negara termasuk [[Irak]], [[Suriah]], [[Lebanon]], [[Nigeria]], [[Libya]], [[Filipina]], [[Afghanistan]], [[Kongo]], [[Yaman]], dan wilayah Sinai di Mesir. Selain itu, mereka menjalankan sel gerilya di banyak negara lain.<ref>{{cite news|date=13 March 2015|title=Islamic State-controlled parts of Syria, Iraq largely out of reach: Red Cross|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-icrc-idUSKBN0M921N20150313|newspaper=Reuters}}</ref><ref>[[Yusuf al-Qaradawi]] stated: "[The] declaration issued by the Islamic State is void under [[sharia]] and has dangerous consequences for the Sunnis in Iraq and for the revolt in Syria", adding that the title of caliph can "only be given by the entire Muslim nation", not by a single group. {{cite news|last=Strange|first=Hannah|date=5 July 2014|title=Islamic State leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi addresses Muslims in Mosul|work=The Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iraq/10948480/Islamic-State-leader-Abu-Bakr-al-Baghdadi-addresses-Muslims-in-Mosul.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iraq/10948480/Islamic-State-leader-Abu-Bakr-al-Baghdadi-addresses-Muslims-in-Mosul.html |archive-date=2022-01-12 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|access-date=6 July 2014}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

 

 

Pada awal tahun 2022, ISIS menempati beberapa wilayah di Nigeria dan memiliki 3 juta orang di bawah kekuasaannya;<ref>{{Citation|last=Trump TV Network|title=FULL EVENT: President Donald Trump MASSIVE Rally in Elkhart, Indiana – May 10, 2018|date=2018-05-10|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ab3wW2sJVKw |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180510231652/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ab3wW2sJVKw&gl=US&hl=en |archive-date=2018-05-10 |url-status=dead|access-date=2018-05-12}}. ''See 6:00''</ref> terus mempertahankan kendali atas 5 kantong gurun tak berpenghuni di Suriah Tengah.<ref name="jihadology.net"/> and scholars<ref name="jihadica.com"/>

|1

|[[File:Mugshot of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, 2004.jpg|100px]]

|28 Juli 1971

|29 Juni 2014

|2

|[[File:Hajji‘Abdallah.jpg|100px]]

|Oktober 1976

|31 Oktober 2019

|-

|3

|[[Abu al-Hasan al-Hashimi al-Qurashi]]

|Tidak diketahui

| [[Abu al-Hussein al-Husseini al-Qurashi]]

| Tidak diketahui

| sekarang

|-