Yahudi-Rusia: Perbedaan antara revisi

|group = Yahudi Rusia<br> היהודים הרוסיים / יהדות רוסיה<br> Русские евреи

|image1 = Ilja Jefimowitsch Repin 007.jpg

|caption1 = [[Anton Rubinstein]]

|image2 = Abraham Goldfaden.jpg

|caption2 = [[Abraham Goldfaden]]

|image3 = 1959 CPA 2281.jpg

|caption3 = [[Sholem Aleichem]]

|image4 = Lina Stern.jpg

|caption4 = [[Lina Stern]]

|image5 = Chagall France 1921.jpg

|caption5 = [[Marc Chagall]]

|image6 = Podkidysh.jpg

|caption6 = [[Faina Ranevskaya]]

|image7 = Golda Meir 03265u.jpg

|caption7 = [[Golda Meir]]

|image8 = Ayn Rand..png

|caption8 = [[Ayn Rand]]

|image9 = Landau.jpg

|caption9 = [[Lev Landau]]

|image10 = Botvinnik 1933m.jpg

|caption10 = [[Mikhail Botvinnik]]

|image11 = Arkady_Raikin_PSE_Russia_2011_Crop.jpg

|caption11 = [[Arkady Raikin]]

|image12 = Maya Plisetskaya - 1974.jpg

|caption12 = [[Maya Plisetskaya]]

|image13 = Joseph Brodsky 1988.jpg

|caption13 = [[Joseph Brodsky]]

|image14 = Perelman, Grigori (1966) Upright.jpg

|caption14 = [[Grigori Perelman]]

|image15 = Sergey Brin cropped.jpg

|caption15 = [[Sergey Brin]]

|pop1 =900,000<ref name="Monthly Bulletin of Statistics">{{cite web|url=http://www.cbs.gov.il/archive/200701/yarhon/e4_e.htm |title=Monthly Bulletin of Statistics |publisher=Cbs.gov.il |accessdate=2011-03-22}}</ref>

|pop2 =350,000<ref name="ajcrussian.org">{{Cite web |url=http://www.ajcrussian.org/atf/cf/%7B66BD09D8-5251-4553-8C19-5FC7BEAF0E76%7D/russian_jews_in_america.pdf |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2015-10-06 |archive-date=2017-02-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201064023/http://www.ajcrussian.org/atf/cf/%7B66BD09D8-5251-4553-8C19-5FC7BEAF0E76%7D/russian_jews_in_america.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref>

**157,763-194,000 populasi Yahudi murni yang mengidentifikasikan diri sendiri dari sekitar 200,000/500,000 orang keturunan Yahudi (2010 Census) (DellaPergola 2012) (Tolts,2013)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.jewishdatabank.org/Reports/World_Jewish_Population_2012.pdf | title=World Jewish Population, 2012 | publisher=North American Jewish Data Bank | date=November 2, 2012 | accessdate=21 July 2013 | author=DellaPergola, Sergio}}</ref><ref>Mark Tolts,'Sources for the Demographic Study of the Jews in the Former Soviet Union,' in Uzi Rebhun (ed.) [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=0s_QAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA177 ''The Social Scientific Study of Jewry: Sources, Approaches, Debates,''] Institute of Contemporary Jewry. The Hebrew University of Jerusalem/Oxford University Press, Vol. XXV11 2014 pp.160-177, p.170.</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Ruvinskiy|first=Vladimir|date=24 Oktober 2010|title=Russian census to find large Jewish drop, expert predicts|url=http://www.jta.org/2010/10/24/news-opinion/world/russian-census-to-find-large-jewish-drop-expert-predicts#ixzz|agency=Jewish Telegraphic Agency|accessdate=25 September 2015}}</ref>

|rels = [[Yudaisme]], <ref> See, for example, "Israel" below.</ref>

|related-c = [[Yahudi Ashkenazi]], [[Yahudi Ukraina]], [[Yahudi Belarusia]], [[Yahudi Lithuania]], [[Yahudi Latvia]], [[Yahudi Polandia]], [[Yahudi Ceko]], [[Pegunungan|Yahudi PegununganKavkaz]], [[Yahudi Bukharan]], [[Yahudi Georgia]]

[[Berkas:Vilna Gaon portrait.gif|thumbjmpl|uprightlurus|[[Vilna Gaon]].]]

Wilayah [[Kekaisaran'''Yahudi Rusia]]''' pada suatu waktu menjadi wilayah denganadalah jumlahdenominasi [[Yahudi]] terbesar di [[diasporawilayah Yahudi|dunia]].<ref>''[[JewishKekaisaran EncyclopediaRusia]]'' of 1901–1906 [http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/table.jsp?table_id=427&volid=11&title=STATISTICS]</ref> Yahudi Rusia umumnya terdiri dari [[Yahudi Ashkenazi]] selain juga terdiri dari kelompok [[Diaspora Yahudi]] lainnya, seperti [[Yahudi Pegunungan|Yahudi Kavkaz]], [[KaraitKaraim|Yahudi KrimeaKaraim]], [[KrimchakYahudi Bukharan]], dan [[Yahudi BukharanGeorgia]],. danUmumnya aliran ini telah tercampur dengan kebudayaan [[Yahudi GeorgiaRusia]].

Pada 1934, negara Soviet mendirikan [[Oblast Otonomi Yahudi]] ({{lang-en|JewishЕврейская AutonomousАвтономная OblastОбласть}}) di Timur Jauh Rusia, namun wilayah tersebut tidak pernah menjadi wilayah dengan mayoritas Yahudi.<ref name="nytimes.com">James Brook, [http://www.nytimes.com/1996/07/11/world/birobidzhan-journal-a-promised-land-in-siberia-well-thanks-but.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm Birobidzhan Journal; A Promised Land in Siberia? Well, Thanks, but ...], ''[[The New York Times]]'', July 11, 1996</ref> Saat ini, JAO adalah satu-satunya [[oblast otonomi di Rusia|oblast otonomi]] di Russia<ref>[[Constitution of the Russian Federation]], Article 65</ref> dan, selain Israel, menjadi satu-satunya wilayah Yahudi dengan status resmi di dunia.<ref name=autogenerated4>{{cite journal|author=Спектор Р., руководитель Департамента Евро-Азиатского Еврейского конгресса (ЕАЕК) по связям с общественностью и СМИ|title=Биробиджан — terra incognita?|оригинал=|url=http://www.nasledie-eao.ru/services/nayka/scientific-practical-conference/bir_proekt_konf_2007.pdf#page=18|editor=под ред. Гуревич В.С., Рабинович А.Я., Тепляшин А.В., Воложенинова Н.Ю.|agency=Правительство Еврейской автономной области|journal=Биробиджанский проект (опыт межнационального взаимодействия): сборник материалов научно-практической конференции|location=Биробиджан|publisher=ГОУ "Редакция газеты [[Биробиджанер Штерн]]"|year=2008|page=20}}</ref>

Pada Perang Dunia Kedua, sekitar 500,000 prajurit dalam Tentara Merah adalah Yahudi; sekitar 200,000 orang diantaranya tewas dalam pertempuran. Sekitar 160,000 diberi penghargaan, dan lebih dari seratus diantaranya diberi pangkat jenderal Tentara Merah.<ref name="Israel Gutman 1988">{{cite book|author=Israel Gutman|title=Fighters Among the Ruins: The Story of Jewish Heroism During World War II|url=https://archive.org/details/fightersamongrui0000gutm|year=1988|publisher=Bnai Brith Books}}</ref> Lebih dari 150 diangkat menjadi [[Pahlawan Uni Soviet]], penghargaan tertinggi di negara tersebut.<ref>[http://www.yadvashem.org/yv/en/holocaust/about/07/jewish_soldiers.asp Jewish Soldiers in the Allied Armies] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161214100629/http://www.yadvashem.org/yv/en/holocaust/about/07/jewish_soldiers.asp |date=2016-12-14 }} ''Yad Vashem'', 2002-07-30, retrieved 7 September 2015.</ref>

Pada akhir 1980an dan awal 1990an, beberapa Yahudi Soviet mengambil kesempatan dari kebijakan [[emigrasi]] yang dibebaskan, dengan lebih dari setengah dari populasinya pergi, kebanyakan ke [[Israel]] dan dunia Barat: [[Jerman]], [[Amerika Serikat]], [[Kanada]], dan [[Australia]]. Selama beberapa tahun, Rusia memiliki peringkat [[aliyah|imigrasi ke Israel]] yang lebih tinggi ketimbang negara lainnya.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.haaretz.com/st/c/prod/eng/25yrs_russ_img|title=Russian aliyah: 25 years later}}</ref> Jumlah Yahudi di Rusia adalah yang terbesar ketiga di Eropa, setelah [[PerancisPrancis]] dan [[Britania Raya]].<ref>[https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Judaism/jewpop.html Jewish Population of the World] ''Jewish Virtual Library'', retrieved 9 September 2015.</ref>

== Bacaan tambahan ==

* {{Cite book

|last= Petrovsky-Shtern |first= Yohanan |authorlink= Yohanan Petrovsky-Shtern |year= 2014

|title= The Golden Age Shtetl: A New History of Jewish Life in East Europe

|url= https://archive.org/details/goldenageshtetln0000petr|location= Princeton, NJ |publisher= [[Princeton University Press]]

|isbn= 978-0-691-16074-0 |ref= harv }}

* [http://www.fjc.ru/ Federation of Jewish Communities of the CIS]

* [http://www.chabad.org/centers/default_cdo/country/Russia/jewish/Chabad-Lubavitch.htm Chabad-Lubavitch centers in Russia]

* [http://www.shtetlinks.jewishgen.org/Colonies_of_Ukraine Jewish Agricultural Colonization in the Ukraine] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080225230804/http://www.shtetlinks.jewishgen.org/Colonies_of_Ukraine/ |date=2008-02-25 }}

* [http://www.huffingtonpost.com/karina-ioffee/russian-jews-face-continu_b_230581.html Russian Jews Face Continual Challenges As Country Seeks To Be A Global Player] by Karina Ioffee, ''The Huffington Post'', July 13, 2009

* Arieh Ullman,[http://www.acheret.co.il/en/?cmd=articles.314&act=read&id=2001 Double lives, double identities] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017083158/http://www.acheret.co.il/en/?cmd=articles.314&act=read&id=2001 |date=2015-10-17 }}, Arieh Ullman on Russian-Israelis who have left their beloved waiting on the banks of a distant river, [http://www.acheret.co.il/en Eretz Acheret] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20121205031024/http://www.acheret.co.il/en |date=2012-12-05 }} Magazine