Istanbul: Perbedaan antara revisi

{{other uses}}

{{Infobox settlement

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{{Infobox World Heritage Site

|Type=Budaya

|Criteria=I, II, III, IV

|ID=356

|Session=ke-9

|Link=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/356

}}

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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* [[Daftar kota kembar di Turki#Istanbul|Daftar kota kembar Istanbul]]

 

== Catatan kaki ==

=== Pustaka ===

{{refbegin|27em}}

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* {{cite book|editor-last=Göktürk|editor-first=Deniz|editor2-last=Soysal|editor2-first=Levent|editor3-last=Türeli|editor3-first=İpek|year=2010|title=Orienting Istanbul: Cultural Capital of Europe?|publisher=Routledge|location=New York|isbn=978-0-415-58011-3|ref=harv}}

* {{cite book|last=Harter|first=Jim|title=World Railways of the Nineteenth Century: A Pictorial History in Victorian Engravings|year=2005|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|location=Baltimore|edition=illustrated|isbn=978-0-8018-8089-6|ref=harv}}

* {{cite book|editor-last=Holt|editor-first=Peter M.|editor2-last=Lambton|editor2-first=Ann K. S.|editor3-last=Lewis|editor3-first=Bernard|title=The Cambridge History of Islam|volume=1A|year=1977|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge, Eng.|isbn=978-0-521-29135-4|edition=illustrated, reprint|ref=harv}}

* {{cite book|last=Isaac|first=Benjamin H.|title=The Greek Settlements in Thrace Until the Macedonian Conquest|year=1986|publisher=BRILL|location=Leiden, the Neth.|isbn=978-90-04-06921-3|edition=illustrated|ref=harv}}

* {{cite book|last1=Kapucu|first1=Naim|last2=Palabiyik|first2=Hamit|title=Turkish Public Administration: From Tradition to the Modern Age|series=USAK Publications|volume=17|publisher=USAK|location=Ankara|year=2008|isbn=978-605-4030-01-9|ref=harv}}

* {{cite book|editor-last=Keyder|editor-first=Çağlar|year=1999|title=Istanbul: Between the Global and the Local|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|location=Lanham, Md.|isbn=978-0-8476-9495-2|ref=harv}}

* {{cite book|last1=Knieling|first1=Jörg|last2=Othengrafen|first2=Frank|title=Planning Cultures in Europe: Decoding Cultural Phenomena in Urban and Regional Planning|series=Urban and Regional Planning and Development|publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd|location=Surrey, Eng.|isbn=978-0-7546-7565-5|year=2009|ref=harv}}

* {{cite book|editor-last=Köksal|editor-first=Özlem|title=World Film Locations: Istanbul|publisher=Intellect Books|location=Bristol, Eng.|year=2012|isbn=978-1-84150-567-1|ref=harv}}

* {{cite book|last=Köse|first=Yavuz|editor-last=Atabaki|editor-first=Touraj|editor2-last=Brockett|editor2-first=Gavin|chapter=Vertical Bazaars of Modernity: Western Department Stores and Their Staff in Istanbul (1889–1921)|title=Ottoman and Republican Turkish Labour History|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge, Eng.|year=2009|isbn=978-0-521-12805-6|pages=91–114|ref=harv}}

* {{cite book|last=Landau|first=Jacob M.|year=1984|title=Atatürk and the Modernization of Turkey|publisher=E.J. Brill|location=Leiden, the Neth.|isbn=978-90-04-07070-7|ref=harv}}

* {{cite book|last=Lister|first=Richard P.|title=The Travels of Herodotus|year=1979|publisher=Gordon & Cremonesi|location=London|isbn=978-0-86033-081-3|ref=harv}}

* {{cite book|last1=Masters|first1=Bruce Alan|last2=Ágoston|first2=Gábor|year=2009|title=Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire|publisher=Infobase Publishing|location=New York|isbn=978-1-4381-1025-7|ref=harv}}

* {{cite book|last=Norris|first=Pippa|year=2010|title=Public Sentinel: News Media & Governance Reform|publisher=World Bank Publications|location=Washington, D.C.|isbn=978-0-8213-8200-4|ref=harv}}

* {{cite book|author=Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|title=Istanbul, Turkey|series=OECD Territorial Reviews|year=2008|publisher=OECD Publishing|location=Paris|isbn=978-92-64-04371-8|ref=harv}}

* {{cite book|last=Quantic|first=Roy|year=2008|title=Climatology for Airline Pilots|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|location=Oxford, Eng.|isbn=978-0-470-69847-1|ref=harv}}

* {{cite book|last=Reinert|first=Stephen W.|editor-last=Mango|editor-first=Cyril|title=The Oxford History of Byzantium|year=2002|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford, Eng.|isbn=978-0-19-814098-6|chapter=Fragmentation (1204–1453)|ref=harv}}

* {{cite book|last=Roebuck|first=Carl|title=Ionian Trade and Colonization|year=1959|series=Monographs on Archaeology and Fine Arts|publisher=Archaeological Institute of America|location=New York|isbn=978-0-89005-528-1|ref=harv}}

* {{cite book|last=Rôzen|first=Mînnā|title=A History of the Jewish Community in Istanbul: The Formative Years, 1453–1566|year=2002|publisher=BRILL|location=Leiden, the Neth.|edition=illustrated|isbn=978-90-04-12530-8|ref=harv}}

* {{cite book|last=Sanal|first=Aslihan|editor-last=Fischer|editor-first=Michael M. J.|editor2-last=Dumit|editor2-first=Joseph|year=2011|title=New Organs Within Us: Transplants and the Moral Economy|series=Experimental Futures|edition=illustrated|publisher=Duke University Press|location=Chapel Hill, N.C.|isbn=978-0-8223-4912-9|ref=harv}}

* {{cite book|last1=Shaw|first1=Stanford J.|last2=Shaw|first2=Ezel K.|title=History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey|volume=2|year=1977|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge, Eng.|isbn=978-0-521-29166-8|ref=harv}}

* {{cite book|last=Taşan-Kok|first=Tuna|title=Budapest, Istanbul, and Warsaw: Institutional and Spatial Change|publisher=Eburon Uitgeverij B.V|location=Delft, the Neth.|year=2004|isbn=978-90-5972-041-1|ref=harv}}

* {{cite book|last1=Tigrek|first1=Sahnaz|last2=Kibaroğlu|first2=Ayșegül|year=2011|editor-last=Kibaroğlu|editor-first=Ayșegül|editor2-last=Scheumann|editor2-first=Waltina|editor3-last=Kramer|editor3-first=Annika|title=Turkey's Water Policy: National Frameworks and International Cooperation|chapter=Strategic Role of Water Resources for Turkey|publisher=Springer|location=London & New York|isbn=978-3-642-19635-5|ref=harv}}

* {{cite book|last=Turan|first=Neyran|editor1-last=Sorensen|editor1-first=André|editor2-last=Okata|editor2-first=Junichiro|title=Megacities: Urban Form, Governance, and Sustainability|series=Library for Sustainable Urban Regeneration|publisher=Springer|location=London & New York|year=2010|pages=223–42|chapter=Towards an Ecological Urbanism for Istanbul|isbn=978-4-431-99266-0|ref=harv}}

* {{cite book|author=WCTR Society; Unʼyu Seisaku Kenkyū Kikō|title=Urban Transport and the Environment: An International Perspective|year=2004|publisher=Elsevier|location=Amsterdam|isbn=978-0-08-044512-0|ref=harv}}

 

== Pranala luar ==

{{Sister project links|Istanbul}}

* {{Wikivoyage-inline}}

* [http://www.ibb.gov.tr/en-US/Pages/Home.aspx Official website of the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality]

* [http://sehirrehberi.ibb.gov.tr/Map.aspx?&scl=6&cx=88707&cy=96189&ap=uydu&lng=en Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality: Interactive aerial photos (maps) of Istanbul from 1946, 1966, 1982, and 2005]

* [http://www.istanbulbulteni.com/ Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality: Istanbul Bulteni Magazine official website]

 

| list=

{{Distrik di Turki | provname = Istanbul }}

{{Ibu Kota Budaya Eropa}}

{{Ibu Kota Olahraga Eropa}}

{{Pusat metropolitan di Turki}}

}}

 

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[[Kategori:Kekaisaran Romawi Timur]]

[[Kategori:Kota suci]]

[[Kategori:Kota di Jalur Sutra]]

[[Kategori:Situs Warisan Dunia UNESCO di Turki]]