|
#ALIH [[Mars Panjang]]
{{Infobox military conflict
|image=[[Berkas:Map of the Long March 1934-1935-en.svg|300px|Peta ikhtisar rute Pawai Panjang]]
|date= 16 Oktober 1934 – 22 Oktober 1935
|place=China. dari [[Jiangxi]] ke [[Shaanxi]]
|result= Tentara [[Partai Komunis China]] menghindari tentara [[Kuomintang|Partai Nasionalis Tiongkok]]
|combatant1={{flagicon image|Naval Jack of the Republic of China.svg}} [[Kuomintang|Partai Nasionalis Tiongkok]] dan [[Era panglima perang|para panglima perang]] yang bersekutu
|combatant2={{flagicon image|Flag of the Chinese Communist Party.svg}} [[Partai Komunis China]]
|commander1={{flagicon image|Naval Jack of the Republic of China.svg}} [[Chiang Kai-shek]]<br>{{flagicon image|Naval Jack of the Republic of China.svg}} [[Xue Yue]] <br>{{flagicon image|Flag of German Reich (1933–1935).svg}} [[Hans von Seeckt]] <br>{{flagicon image|Naval Jack of the Republic of China.svg}} [[Bai Chongxi]]
|commander2={{flagicon image|Flag of the Chinese Communist Party.svg}} [[Mao Zedong]]<br>{{flagicon image|Flag of the Chinese Communist Party.svg}} [[Zhu De]]<br>{{flagicon image|Flag of the Chinese Communist Party.svg}} [[Zhou Enlai]]<br>{{flagicon image|Flag of the Chinese Communist Party.svg}} [[Peng Dehuai]] <br>{{flagicon image|Flag of the Chinese Communist Party.svg}} [[Lin Biao]]
|strength1= lebih dari 300,000
|strength2= Tentara Merah Front Pertama: 86,000 (Oktober 1934) <br> 7,000 (Oktober 1935)
|casualties1=
|casualties2=
}}{{Kotak Kampanye Perang Saudara Tiongkok}}{{Chinese|s=长征|t=長征|p=Chángzhēng}}
'''Pawai Panjang''' (Oktober 1934 – Oktober 1935) adalah sebuah retret militer yang dilakukan oleh [[Tentara Pembebasan Rakyat|Tentara Merah]] [[Partai Komunis China]], pendahulu [[Tentara Pembebasan Rakyat]], untuk menghindari pengejaran tentara [[Kuomintang]] (KMT atau Partai Nasionalis Tiongkok). Peristiwa tersebut bukanlah satu Pawai Panjang, namun serangkaian pawai, dimana berbagai tentara Komunis di wilayah selatan melarikan diri ke wilayah utara dan barat. Peristiwa yang paling dikenal adalah pawai dari provinsi [[Jiangxi]] yang dimulai pada Oktober 1934. Tentara Komunis, yang berada dibawah komando [[Mao Zedong]] dan [[Zhou Enlai]], melarikan diri dalam sebuah retret memutar ke wilayah barat dan utara, yang dikabarkan berjalan sejauh lebih dari 9,000 kilometer (6,000 mil) selama lebih dari 370 hari.<ref name="Zhang">Zhang, Chunhou. Vaughan, C. Edwin. [2002] (2002). Mao Zedong as Poet and Revolutionary Leader: Social and Historical Perspectives. Lexington books. ISBN 0-7391-0406-3. pg 65.</ref>
==Catatan kaki==
{{Reflist|2}}
==Bacaan tamabahan==
*{{cite book
| last = Chang, Jung & Halliday, Jon
| year = 2005
| title = [[Mao: The Unknown Story]]
| publisher = Alfred A. Knopf
| pages = 814 pages
| isbn = 0-679-42271-4}}
*{{cite book
| last = Griffith, Samuel B. (translator)
| year = 2005
| title = Yu Chi Chan (On Guerrilla Warfare) by Mao Tse-tung (1937)
| publisher = Dover Books on History
| pages = 128 pages
| isbn = 0-486-44376-0}}
*{{cite book
| last = Jocelyn, Ed & McEwen, Andrew
|date=March 2006
| title = The Long March
| publisher = Constable and Robinson
| pages = 320 pages
| isbn = 1-84529-255-3}}
*{{cite book
| last = Kampen
| first = Thomas
| year = 2000
| title = Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and the Evolution of the Chinese Communist Leadership
| publisher = Nordic Institute of Asian Studies
| pages = 66–83
| isbn = 87-87062-76-3}}
*{{cite book
| last = King, Dean
| year = 2010
| title = [[Unbound: A True Story of War, Love, and Survival]]
| publisher = Little, Brown and Company
| pages = 432 pages
| isbn = 978-0-316-16708-6}}
*{{cite book
| last = Bosshardt
| first = Rudolf Alfred
| year = 1975
| title = The Guiding hand: Captivity and Answered Prayer in China
| publisher = Hodder and Stoughton
| pages = 192 pages
| isbn = 978-0340175453}}
*{{cite book
| last = Salisbury
| first = Harrison Evans
| year = 1985
| title = The Long March : The Untold Story
| publisher = Harper & Row, New York
| pages = 419 pages
| isbn = 0-06-039044-1}}
* {{cite book
| last = Shuyun
| first = Sun
| title = The Long March: The True History of Communist China's Founding Myth
| year = 2008
| publisher = Anchor
| pages = 304
| isbn = 0-307-27831-X
}}
*{{cite book
| last = Snow
| first = Edgar
| year = 1968|edition=Revised
| title = Red Star Over China
| publisher = Grove Press
| pages = 534 pages
| isbn = 0-8021-5093-4}}
*{{cite book
| last = Whitson
|first = William W.
| year = 1973
| title = The Chinese High Command : A History of Communist Military Politics 1927–71
| publisher = Praeger
| isbn = 0-333-15053-8 }}
*{{cite book
| last = Wilson
|first = Dick
| year = 1971
| title = The Long March 1935: The Epic of Chinese Communism's Survival
| publisher = Penguin Press
|pages = 283 pages
| isbn = 0-14-006113-4 }}
*{{cite book
| last = Yang
|first = Benjamin
| year = 1990
| title = From Revolution to Politics: Chinese Communists on the Long March
| publisher = Westview Press
| pages = 240 pages
| isbn = 0-8133-7672-6}}
* Young, Helen Prager (2000). Choosing Revolution: Chinese Women Soldiers on the Long March. University of Illinois Press, pp. 282 pages. ISBN 978-0-252-07456-1
== Pranala luar ==
{{Wikivoyage}}
;Informasi Utama
*[http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2004-06/25/content_342539.htm Key events of the Long March] – Account of the Long March by the ''China Daily''
*[http://in.news.yahoo.com/061022/43/68om7.html Retracing Mao's Long March] – Report on the modern expeditions by Jocelyn & McEwen along the Long March routes
*[http://litten.de/fulltext/loma.pdf The Myth of the 'Turning-Point': Towards a New Understanding of the Long March] – Article from 'Bochumer Jahrbuch zur Ostasienforschung' (2001)
;Ilustrasi, Peta & Poster
*[http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/longmarc.htm Map of primary route] – Locations of the First Front Army route with dates
*[http://www.china.org.cn/english/features/changzheng/176174.htm Long March routes of the Communist armies] – Routes of the First, Second and Fourth Front Armies
*[http://www.chinaculture.org/gb/en_travel/2003-09/24/content_34014.htm Site of the Zunyi Conference] – Photo and description of the building in which the landmark 1935 politburo meeting was held
*[http://chineseposters.net/themes/luding-bridge.php Luding Bridge] – Chinese propaganda posters depicting the battle for Luding Bridge
;Commemorations
*[http://www.china.org.cn/english/features/changzheng/175679.htm The Long March: 70 Years On] – Official Chinese website marking the 70th Anniversary of Long March
*[http://english.pladaily.com.cn/site2/special-reports/hjczsl/index.htm "Marking the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Red Army's Long March"] – ''PLA Daily'' (Peoples Liberation Army newspaper) web portal
*[http://www.longmarchspace.com/english/e-discourse2.htm Art on a Long March] – A contemporary art exhibition presented for the public at sites along the route of Mao's Long March.
{{Perang Saudara Tiongkok}}
[[Kategori:Konflik pada 1934]]
[[Kategori:Konflik pada 1935]]
[[Kategori:Konflik pada 1936]]
[[Kategori:Perang Saudara Tiongkok]]
[[Kategori:Tiongkok dalam tahun 1934]]
[[Kategori:Tiongkok dalam tahun 1935]]
[[Kategori:Tiongkok dalam tahun 1936]]
| 