The 100 (buku): Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Infobox book
| name = The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential People in History
| title_orig =
| translator =
| image = File:Covor of book (The 100 A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History).jpg
| caption = Sampul edisi 1992
| author = [[William Joe]]
| illustrator =
| cover_artist =
| country = Amerika Serikat
| language = Inggris
| series = {{bulleted list|Edisi Pertama <small>(1978)</small>|Edisi Kedua <small>(1992)</small>}}
| subject = {{hlist|Ranking|Biografi|Sejarah}}
| published = 1978 <small>(Hart Publishing company, New York)</small><ref name=Hp>{{cite web |title=Publisher: Hart Pub. Co.|publisher=[[Open Library]] |url=https://openlibrary.org/publishers/Hart_Pub._Co. |accessdate=28 July 2019}}</ref><ref name=Ol>{{cite web |title=Michael Hart, eBook, Biography - search |publisher=Open Library |url=https://openlibrary.org/search?q=Michael+Hart&mode=ebooks&subject_facet=Biography&m=edit&m=edit&m=edit&has_fulltext=true&has_fulltext=true&has_fulltext=true |accessdate=28 July 2019 |language=en}}</ref>
| media_type = Print
| pages =
| isbn = 9780806513508
| dewey =
| congress =
| oclc = 644066940
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
}}
'''''The 100''''' merupakan buku yang diterbitkan pada tahun [[1978]] karya [[astrofisikawan]] [[Agama Yahudi|Yahudi]],<ref>Heidi Beirich and Mark Potok, [http://www.splcenter.org/intel/intelreport/article.jsp?aid=644 Irreconcilable Differences] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140418160849/http://www.splcenter.org/intel/intelreport/article.jsp?aid=644|date=2014-04-18}}, [[Southern Poverty Law Center]] ''Intelligence Report'', summer 2006.</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Jonathan Tilove|date=2006-03-03|title=White Nationalist Conference Ponders Whether Jews and Nazis Can Get Along – Forward.com|url=http://www.forward.com/articles/6615/|work=Forward|access-date=2009-04-08}}</ref> [[Michael H. Hart]]. Ia juga adalah [[peneliti]] [[Kehidupan ekstraterestrial|kehidupan alien]] dan seorang [[Separatisme kulit putih|separatis kulit putih]].<ref name="SwainNieli2003">Interview with Michael H. Hart by Russell K. Neili, April 14, 2000. {{cite book|author1=Carol M. Swain|author2=Russ Nieli|date=24 March 2003|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RonIunZ521sC|title=Contemporary Voices of White Nationalism in America|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|isbn=978-0-521-81673-1|page=201|authorlink1=Carol M. Swain}} "I (like other white separatists) resent being called a white ''supremacist''."</ref><ref name="Life3">{{cite book|author=Editors of LIFE|date=2016|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cXJwCwAAQBAJ&dq=the+100+michael+h.+hart&pg=PT10|title=LIFE 100 People Who Changed the World|publisher=Time Inc. Books|isbn=9781618934710|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|date=28 August 1978|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JNwmAQAAIAAJ&q=michael+h.+hart+Muhammad|title=Newsweek|publisher=[[Newsweek]], Incorporated|language=en|accessdate=28 July 2019}}</ref> Buku yang dipublikasikan oleh rumah publikasi ayahnya ini merupakan buku pertamanya dan mengalami pencetakan ulang di tahun 1992 dengan beberapa revisi. Buku ini adalah ranking dari 100 orang yang menurut Hart paling berpengaruh terhadap sejarah manusia.<ref name="Life3"/><ref>Michael H. Hart ''The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History''. [[iarchive:100rankingofth00hart|first published in 1978]], [https://books.google.com/books?id=jvbNRbDKY1wC reprinted with minor revisions 1992]. {{ISBN|978-0-8065-1068-2}}</ref> Tidak seperti berbagai ranking-ranking lainnya pada saat itu, Hart secara terang-terangan tidak berusaha untuk memberikan peringkat atas "kebaikan" sebagai kriteria, melainkan bagaimana sejarah manusia paling berubah diakibatkan oleh orang tersebut, entah itu ke arah yang lebih baik ataupun ke arah yang lebih buruk.
== Ikhtisar ==
Buku ini terdiri dari 100 entri serta lampiran ''Honorable Mention''. Setiap entri adalah biografi singkat orang tersebut, diikuti oleh pemikiran Hart tentang bagaimana orang ini berpengaruh dan mengubah arah sejarah manusia. Dia memberikan penghargaan tambahan untuk kepentingan orang-orang yang tindakannya menurut Hart tidak biasa, tidak mungkin, atau lebih cepat dari zaman mereka dibandingkan dengan jalur sejarah yang dihipotesiskan seandainya orang ini tidak hidup.
Pendiri dan pembentuk agama-agama yang sukses termasuk yang paling berpengaruh dalam pandangan Hart, karena ini membentuk kehidupan banyak orang dengan cukup kuat selama jangka waktu yang lama. Orang pertama dalam daftar Hart adalah [[nabi Islam]] [[Muhammad]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Nduka |first1=Otonti A. |last2=Iheoma |first2=E. O. |title=New Perspectives in Moral Education |date=1983 |publisher=Evans Bros. |isbn=9789781672279 |page=74 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vBMNAQAAIAAJ&q=100+michael+h.+hart+Muhammad |accessdate=28 July 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="cn">Alphonse Dougan, "[https://fountainmagazine.com/2004/issue-46-april-june-2004/understanding-prophet-muhammad-beyond-the-stereotypes Understanding Prophet Muhammad Beyond the Stereotypes]", ''[[The Fountain (magazine)|The Fountain]]'', Issue 46 (April–June 2004).</ref> Hart menegaskan bahwa Muhammad "sangat sukses" baik di bidang agama maupun sekuler, bertanggung jawab atas dasar [[Islam]] maupun [[Penaklukan Muslim Awal]] yang menyatukan Jazirah Arab dan akhirnya memberikan kekuatan bagi sejumlah kekhalifahan yang didirikan setelah kematiannya. Hart juga percaya bahwa Muhammad memainkan peran pribadi dan tunggal yang luar biasa dalam perkembangan Islam.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Deedat |first1=Ahmed |title=Muhammad, The Greatest |date=2001 |publisher=Islamic Presentation Committee |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-icp5j6sZX8C&dq=the+100+michael+h.+hart&pg=PA5 |language=en|isbn=9781471604416 }}</ref><ref name=Saeed>{{cite book |last1=Malik |first1=Saeed |title=A Perspective on the Signs of Al-Quran: Through the Prism of the Heart |date=2009 |publisher=Booksurge |isbn=9781439239629 |page=112 |edition=2nd Edition October 2010 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9eSrMelfib8C&dq=the+100+michael+h.+hart&pg=PA112 |accessdate=28 July 2019 |language=en}}</ref> Sebaliknya, perkembangan [[Kekristenan]], pengaruhnya terbagi antara pengajaran awal dan pekerjaan dasar [[Yesus]], kemudian [[Paulus dari Tarsus]] yang memainkan peran penting dalam penyebaran awal Kekristenan serta membedakan doktrin dan praktiknya dari Yudaisme dan agama Yunani dan Romawi lainnya pada periode waktu itu.<ref>{{cite book |last1=White |first1=James W. |title=Brief Christian Histories: Getting a Sense of Our Long Story |date=2014 |publisher=Wipf and Stock Publishers |isbn=9781630873059 |page=216 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nIQNBQAAQBAJ&dq=the+100+michael+h.+hart&pg=PA216 |accessdate=28 July 2019 |language=en}}</ref> [[Buddha Gautama]], [[Konfusius]], dan [[Musa]] juga diberikan peringkat yang tinggi karena peran mereka dalam mendirikan agama.
Salah satu kelalaian yang paling menonjol adalah penurunan peringkat [[Abraham Lincoln]], yang diturunkan Hart ke ''Honorable Mention'' di lampiran. Perubahan dalam revisi tahun 1992 termasuk peringkat tokoh yang terkait dengan [[Komunisme]] diturunkan setelah [[Revolusi 1989]], seperti [[Vladimir Lenin]] dan [[Mao Zedong]], dan pengenalan [[Mikhail Gorbachev]]. Hart memihak [[kepenulisan Shakespeare]] dan mengganti [[William Shakespeare]] dengan [[Edward de Vere, Earl of Oxford ke-17]] dalam versi 1992. Hart juga mengganti [[Niels Bohr]] dan [[Henri Becquerel]] dengan [[Ernest Rutherford]]. [[Henry Ford]] dipromosikan dari daftar ''Honorary Mentions'', menggantikan [[Pablo Picasso]]. Akhirnya, berbagai peringkat diurutkan ulang, meskipun tidak ada satu pun yang berubah dalam posisi sepuluh besar.<ref name=Life />
Buku ini pertama kali diterbitkan pada tahun 1978 sebagai cetakan dari "Hart Publishing Company".<ref name=Hp /><ref name=Ol /> Menurut Calgary Herald, setidaknya 60.000 eksemplar telah terjual.<ref name=Calgary /> Buku tersebut telah diterjemahkan ke dalam banyak bahasa.<ref name="Chicago">{{cite news |last=Petersen |first=Clarence |date=1987-11-01 |title=Roger's Version, by John Updike (Fawcett/Crest, $4.95) |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1987-11-01-8703220792-story.html |newspaper=[[Chicago Tribune]] |accessdate=2019-08-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190804074714/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1987-11-01-8703220792-story.html |archivedate=2019-08-04}}</ref>
=== 10 peringkat teratas Hart (dari edisi 1992) ===<!-- Daftar lengkap tunduk pada hak cipta dan tidak boleh direproduksi di sini, karena mengurangi nilai karya komersial penulis. -->
{{clear}}
{| class="wikitable" style="max-width:90%;" border="0" cellpadding="1"
|- style="height:50px"
! style="width:2em;"|Peringkat
! style="min-width:11em;"|Nama
! Jangka waktu
! Gambar
! Pekerjaan
|- style="vertical-align:middle; height:50px; text-align:left;"
| style="padding-right:9px; text-align:right;" | 1
| [[Muhammad]]
| ca. 611-sekarang
| [[Berkas:MuhammadSVG.svg|kiri|jmpl|80x80px]]
|Rasul Umat Islam
|- style="vertical-align:middle; height:50px; text-align:left;"
| style="padding-right:9px; text-align:right;"| 2
| [[Isaac Newton]]
| 1643–1727
| [[File:GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg|70px]]
|
|- style="vertical-align:middle; height:50px; text-align:left;"
| style="padding-right:9px; text-align:right;" | 3
| [[Yesus]]
| {{circa|4 SM–33 M}}
| [[File:StJohnsAshfield StainedGlass GoodShepherd Face.jpg|70px]]<!---Sebelum Anda menghapus atau mengganti gambar ini, harap berpartisipasi dalam diskusi halaman pembicaraan dengan mengklik tab diskusi. Gambar apa pun yang digunakan di sini harus sesuai dengan aturan Wikipedia terkait pemformatan dan hak cipta.
Gambar telah diganti dengan karya seni yang jauh lebih baik--->
| Pemimpin Spiritual
|- style="vertical-align:middle; height:50px; text-align:left;"
| style="padding-right:9px; text-align:right;"| 4
| [[Siddharta Gautama]] (Buddha)
| 563–483 SM
| [[File:Buddha in Sarnath Museum (Dhammajak Mutra).jpg|90x90px]]
| Pemimpin spiritual
|- style="vertical-align:middle; height:50px; text-align:left;"
| style="padding-right:9px; text-align:right;"| 5
| [[Konfusius]]
| 551–479 SM
| [[File:Confucius the scholar.jpg|70px]]
| Filsuf
|- style="vertical-align:middle; height:50px; text-align:left;"
| style="padding-right:9px; text-align:right;"| 6
| [[Paulus dari Tarsus]]
| 5–67 M
| [[File:El Greco - Saint Paul head.jpg|70px]]
| Rasul Kekristenan
|- style="vertical-align:middle; height:50px; text-align:left;"
| style="padding-right:9px; text-align:right;"| 7
| [[Tsai Lun]]
| 50–121 M
| [[File:Cai-lun.jpg|70px]]
| Penemu kertas
|- style="vertical-align:middle; height:50px; text-align:left;"
| style="padding-right:9px; text-align:right;"| 8
| [[
| {{circa|1400–1468}}
| [[File:Gutenberg.jpg|70px]]
| Penemu mesin cetak
|- style="vertical-align:middle; height:50px; text-align:left;"
| style="padding-right:9px; text-align:right;"| 9
| [[Kristoforus Kolombus]]
| 1451–1506
| [[File:Christopher Columbus .PNG|70px]]
| Penjelajah
|- style="vertical-align:middle; height:50px; text-align:left;"
| style="padding-right:9px; text-align:right;"| 10
| [[Albert Einstein]]
| 1879–1955
| [[File:Einstein 1921 portrait2.jpg|70px]]
|
|}
== Ulasan ==
Buku ini telah diulas oleh:
* ''[[Detroit Free Press]]''<ref>{{cite news |date=1978-03-19 |title=A most exclusive list (Jesus finished third) |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34542942/detroit_free_press/ |newspaper=[[Detroit Free Press]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |access-date=2019-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190804041157/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34542942/detroit_free_press/ |archive-date=2019-08-04}} ,</ref>
* [[Jackson, Mississippi]] ''[[The Clarion-Ledger|Clarion Ledger]]''<ref>{{cite news |last=Gordon |first=Charles |date=1978-04-02 |title=Scientist Ranks 100 Most Influential Persons |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34542742/clarionledger/ |newspaper=[[The Clarion-Ledger]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |access-date=2019-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190804040224/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34542742/clarionledger/ |archive-date=2019-08-04}}</ref>
* ''[[The Tampa Tribune|Tampa Tribune]]''<ref>{{cite news |last=Hipp |first=Joseph |date=1978-04-02 |title=This Lister Deserves Place on Another List |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34545267/the_tampa_tribune/ |newspaper=[[The Tampa Tribune]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |access-date=2019-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190804074140/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34545267/the_tampa_tribune/ |archive-date=2019-08-04}}</ref>
* ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''<ref>{{cite news |last=Cox |first=Douglas |date=1978-05-21 |title=The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34545727/the_los_angeles_times/ |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |access-date=2019-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190804085959/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34545727/the_los_angeles_times/ |archive-date=2019-08-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Smith |first=Jack |author-link=Jack Smith (columnist) |date=1978-08-13 |title=A New 'Greatest of All Time' |page=71 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34536533/the_los_angeles_times/ |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |access-date=2019-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190804002241/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34536533/the_los_angeles_times/ |archive-date=2019-08-04}}</ref>
* ''[[New York Daily News]]''<ref>{{cite news |last=Fields |first=Sidney |date=1978-05-25 |title=The 100 Who Molded the World |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34545007/daily_news/ |newspaper=[[New York Daily News]] |access-date=2019-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190804070106/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34545007/daily_news/ |archive-date=2019-08-04}}</ref>
* ''[[South Bend Tribune]]''<ref>{{cite news |last=Christy |first=Marian |date=1978-06-23 |title=Picasso heir blossoms |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34545555/the_south_bend_tribune/ |agency=[[United Feature Syndicate]] |newspaper=[[South Bend Tribune]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |access-date=2019-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190804082639/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34545555/the_south_bend_tribune/ |archive-date=2019-08-04}}</ref>
* ''[[Tallahassee Democrat]]''<ref>{{cite news |last=Deegan |first=Carol |date=1978-07-27 |title=Who most influenced the course of history |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34544950/tallahassee_democrat/ |agency=[[Associated Press]] |newspaper=[[Tallahassee Democrat]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |access-date=2019-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190804065411/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34544950/tallahassee_democrat/ |archive-date=2019-08-04}}</ref>
* ''[[San Francisco Chronicle]]''<ref>{{cite news |last=Green |first=Blake |date=1978-09-22 |title=The 100 Most Influential Persons in History |page=24 |newspaper=[[San Francisco Chronicle]]}}</ref>
* ''[[Business Horizons]]''<ref>{{cite journal |last=Heerema |first=Douglas |date=February 1980 |title=The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History by Michael Hart |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_business-horizons_1980-02_23_1/page/91 |journal=[[Business Horizons]] |issn=0007-6813 |volume=23 |issue=1 |pages=91–92 |doi=10.1016/0007-6813(80)90119-6}}</ref>
* ''[[Richmond Times-Dispatch]]'' notes<ref>{{cite news |last=Sanford |first=James |date=1987-10-13 |title=One Man's Opinion: Top 100 World Shakers |url=https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/document-view?p=WORLDNEWS&docref=news/0EB4F6E23072FA8F&f=basic |newspaper=[[Richmond Times-Dispatch]] |access-date=2019-08-04 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190804012054/https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/document-view?p=WORLDNEWS&docref=news/0EB4F6E23072FA8F&f=basic |archive-date=2019-08-04}}</ref>
* ''[[Chicago Tribune]]''<ref name="Chicago"/>
* ''[[Miami Herald]]''<ref>{{cite news |last=Barry |first=John |date=1992-11-17 |title=Communists Fall in New Tally of History's Hot 100 List of Most Influential Revised |url=https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/document-view?p=WORLDNEWS&docref=news/0EB3481CA866A784&f=basic |newspaper=[[Miami Herald]] |access-date=2019-08-04 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190804004129/https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/document-view?p=WORLDNEWS&docref=news/0EB3481CA866A784&f=basic |archive-date=2019-08-04}}</ref>
* ''[[The Columbus Dispatch|Columbus Dispatch]]''
* ''[[The Washington Times |Washington Times]]''<ref>{{cite news |last=Rose |first=David James |date=1992-12-23 |title=Three finds to add cheer under tree |url=https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/document-view?p=WORLDNEWS&docref=news/0EB0EFD64734323D&f=basic |newspaper=[[The Washington Times]] |access-date=2019-08-04 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190804010311/https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/document-view?p=WORLDNEWS&docref=news/0EB0EFD64734323D&f=basic |archive-date=2019-08-04}}</ref>
* ''[[Lancaster Eagle-Gazette]]''<ref>{{cite news |last=McClintock |first=Alan |date=1993-02-09 |title=Odd, the people who affect your life |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34545701/lancaster_eaglegazette/ |newspaper=[[Lancaster Eagle-Gazette]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |access-date=2019-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190804085433/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34545701/lancaster_eaglegazette/ |archive-date=2019-08-04}}</ref>
* ''[[Asbury Park Press]]''<ref>{{cite news |last=Riley |first=Michael |date=1998-12-27 |title=Millennium books lining the shelves |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34545577/asbury_park_press/ |newspaper=[[Asbury Park Press]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |access-date=2019-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190804083055/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34545577/asbury_park_press/ |archive-date=2019-08-04}}</ref>
* ''[[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]]''<ref>{{cite news |last=Collier |first=Gene |date=1999-06-16 |title=It's not easy making top 100 list |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34545647/pittsburgh_postgazette/ |newspaper=[[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |access-date=2019-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190804084428/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34545647/pittsburgh_postgazette/ |archive-date=2019-08-04}}</ref>
* ''[[El Nuevo Herald]]''<ref>{{cite news |last=Gomez y Amador |first=Luis |date=2003-11-11 |title=Los Diez Hombres Más Influyentes de la Historia |trans-title=The Ten Most Influential Men in History |language=es |url=https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/document-view?p=WORLDNEWS&docref=news/0FED2FC29888B7B4&f=basic |newspaper=[[El Nuevo Herald]] |access-date=2019-08-04 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190804011617/https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/document-view?p=WORLDNEWS&docref=news/0FED2FC29888B7B4&f=basic |archive-date=2019-08-04}}</ref>
* ''[[The Canberra Times|Canberra Times]]''<ref>{{cite news |last=Juddery |first=Mark |authorlink=Mark Juddery |date=2009-06-15 |title=Insert |url=https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/document-view?p=WORLDNEWS&docref=news/148A3B603B3731E8&f=basic |newspaper=[[The Canberra Times]] |access-date=2019-08-04 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190804005442/https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/document-view?p=WORLDNEWS&docref=news/148A3B603B3731E8&f=basic |archive-date=2019-08-04}}</ref>
;Ulasan positif
* Pada tahun 1988, [[Hosni Mubarak]], [[Presiden Mesir]], memberikan penghargaan kepada Michael H. Hart, penulis buku tersebut, di Kairo karena menyebut Muhammad sebagai orang yang paling berpengaruh dalam sejarah.<ref name=egypt>{{cite news |last=Fellner |first=Jonathan |date=1988-10-19 |title=Egyptian president to honor AACC astronomer for history |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34545680/the_baltimore_sun/ |newspaper=[[The Baltimore Sun]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |access-date=2019-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190804084921/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34545680/the_baltimore_sun/ |archive-date=2019-08-04}}</ref><blockquote>Mesir akan menghormati Michael H. Hart, seorang profesor astronomi Anne Arundel Community College yang mengejutkan komunitas ilmiah di tahun 70-an dengan mempertanyakan keberadaan makhluk luar angkasa, untuk suatu prestasi yang tidak ada hubungannya dengan bintang-bintang.<p>Hart, yang juga mendapat pujian sebagai sejarawan amatir, akan dihormati hari Minggu di Kairo oleh Presiden Mesir Hosni Mubarak karena menyebut Muhammad, pendiri Islam, agama yang paling banyak diikuti kedua di dunia, sebagai orang yang paling berpengaruh dalam sejarah.</p><p>Muhammad dianugerahi posisi teratas dalam buku 1978 kontroversial Mr. Hart, "The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History," untuk lebih dari alasan agama, kata penulis.</p></blockquote>
*[[Michael Gartner]] dalam ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]''<ref>{{cite news |last=Gartner |first=Michael |author-link=Michael Gartner |date=1978-07-19 |title=100 Reasons to Feud With Your Friends |url=https://media.proquest.com/media/pq/hnp/doc/71280529/fmt/ai/rep/NONE?hl=&cit%3Aauth=By+MICHAEL+GARTNER&cit%3Atitle=100+Reasons+to+Feud+With+Your+Friends&cit%3Apub=Wall+Street+Journal+%281923+-+Current+file%29&cit%3Avol=&cit%3Aiss=&cit%3Apg=12&cit%3Adate=Jul+19%2C+1978&ic=true&cit%3Aprod=ProQuest+Historical+Newspapers%3A+The+Wall+Street+Journal&_a=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&_s=G3RalNM48gwywlbbeHDJ4e6YYL0%3D |newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |access-date=2019-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190804071857/https://media.proquest.com/media/pq/hnp/doc/71280529/fmt/ai/rep/NONE?hl=&cit%3Aauth=By+MICHAEL+GARTNER&cit%3Atitle=100+Reasons+to+Feud+With+Your+Friends&cit%3Apub=Wall+Street+Journal+%281923+-+Current+file%29&cit%3Avol=&cit%3Aiss=&cit%3Apg=12&cit%3Adate=Jul+19%2C+1978&ic=true&cit%3Aprod=ProQuest+Historical+Newspapers%3A+The+Wall+Street+Journal&_a=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&_s=G3RalNM48gwywlbbeHDJ4e6YYL0%3D |archive-date=2019-08-04}}</ref>
* [[Mike Barnicle]] dalam ulasannya di ''[[The Boston Globe]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/436717053 |title=Clipped From The Boston Globe |newspaper=[[The Boston Globe]] |access-date=2019-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190804075306/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34545343/the_boston_globe/ |archive-date=2019-08-04}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34545347/the_boston_globe/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190804075359/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34545347/the_boston_globe/ |archive-date=2019-08-04 |title=Clipping from The Boston Globe - Newspapers.com |newspaper=The Boston Globe |date=Aug 4, 2019 |page=2 |access-date=Aug 26, 2022}}</ref>
* ''[[The Washington Post]]''<ref>{{cite news |last=Omang |first=Joanne |date=1978-11-04 |title=Author lists top 100: Who left greatest mark on history? |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34543249/newsjournal/ |newspaper=[[Mansfield News Journal]] |agency=[[The Washington Post]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |access-date=2019-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190804042919/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34543249/newsjournal/ |archive-date=2019-08-04}}</ref>
* Albert Hofammann dalam ulasannya untuk ''[[The Morning Call]]''<ref>{{cite news |last=Hofammann |first=Albert |date=1978-12-03 |title=The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34545774/the_morning_call/ |newspaper=[[The Morning Call]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |access-date=2019-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190804090902/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34545774/the_morning_call/ |archive-date=2019-08-04}} The second page of the article is at https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34545776/the_morning_call/<sup>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190804091009/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34545776/the_morning_call/ Internet Archive]</sup></ref>
* Jane Sullivanin dalam ''[[The Age]]''<ref>{{cite news |last=Sullivan |first=Jane |date=1981-05-16 |title=The prerequisites needed to influence the world |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34545225/the_age/ |newspaper=[[The Age]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |access-date=2019-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190804073516/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34545225/the_age/ |archive-date=2019-08-04}}</ref>
* [[Deborah Arnie Arnesen|Arnie Arnesen]] dalam ulasannya untuk ''[[The Boston Globe]]''<ref>{{cite news |last=Arnesen |first=Arnie |authorlink=Deborah Arnie Arnesen |date=2002-01-20 |title=Lessons for today's state from Confucius |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34545436/the_boston_globe/ |newspaper=[[The Boston Globe]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |access-date=2019-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190804080649/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34545436/the_boston_globe/ |archive-date=2019-08-04}}</ref>
* [[Janice Harayda]] dalam ''[[The Plain Dealer]]''<ref>{{cite news |last=Harayda |first=Janice |date=1993-05-23 |title=Most Influential People in History? |url=https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/document-view?p=WORLDNEWS&docref=news/0F8074314619039D&f=basic |newspaper=[[The Plain Dealer]] |access-date=2019-08-04 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190804010711/https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/document-view?p=WORLDNEWS&docref=news/0F8074314619039D&f=basic |archive-date=2019-08-04}}</ref>
;Ulasan campuran
* [[Ken McGoogan]] menulis dalam bukunya ''[[Calgary Herald]]'', "Jika Michael H. Hart tidak melakukan apa-apa lagi, dia telah menunjukkan bahwa berkelahi di depan umum bisa menguntungkan. Hart adalah penulis dari ''The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History'', yang direvisi dan diperbarui untuk tahun 90-an (Citadel Press, $24)"<ref name=Calgary>{{cite news |last=McGoogan |first=Ken |author-link=Ken McGoogan |date=1993-01-08 |title=What to do when your kid drives you crazy? |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34545513/calgary_herald/ |newspaper=[[Calgary Herald]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |access-date=2019-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190804081910/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34545513/calgary_herald/ |archive-date=2019-08-04}}</ref>
* Charles Solomon dalam ulasannya untuk ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''<ref>{{cite news |last=Solomon |first=Charles |date=1992-11-29 |title=The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34545607/the_los_angeles_times/ |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |access-date=2019-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190804083631/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34545607/the_los_angeles_times/ |archive-date=2019-08-04}}</ref>
* [[Frederic Raphael]] dalam ''[[The Sunday Times]]''<ref>{{cite news |last=Raphael |first=Frederic |author-link=Frederic Raphael |date=1993-04-25 |title=Success stories - History |url=https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/document-view?p=WORLDNEWS&docref=news/0F929E50A173AFA5&f=basic |newspaper=[[The Sunday Times]] |access-date=2019-08-04 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190804005836/https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/document-view?p=WORLDNEWS&docref=news/0F929E50A173AFA5&f=basic |archive-date=2019-08-04}}</ref>
* [[Barbara W. Tuchman]] di ''[[The Washington Post]]''<ref name =Washington>{{cite news |last1=Potok |first1=Chaim |author1-link=Chaim Potok |last2=Reischauer |first2=Edwin O. |author2-link=Edwin O. Reischauer |last3=Tuchman |first3=Barbara W. |author3-link=Barbara W. Tuchman |date=1978-11-19 |title=History's 100 Most Influential People A Matter Of Opinion |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34545184/the_cincinnati_enquirer/ |agency=[[The Washington Post]] |newspaper=[[The Cincinnati Enquirer]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |access-date=2019-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190804072928/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34545184/the_cincinnati_enquirer/ |archive-date=2019-08-04}}</ref>
* [[Edwin O. Reischauer]] di ''[[The Washington Post]]''<ref name=Washington />
* [[Walter C. Langsam]] dalam ulasannya di ''[[The Cincinnati Enquirer]]''<ref>{{cite news |last1=Felten |first1=John N. |last2=Langsam |first2=Walter C. |author2-link=Walter C. Langsam |date=1978-11-19 |title=List Tells Reader More About Author Than His Subject |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34543127/the_cincinnati_enquirer/ |newspaper=[[The Cincinnati Enquirer]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |access-date=2019-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190804042152/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34543127/the_cincinnati_enquirer/ |archive-date=2019-08-04}}</ref>
== Penerimaan ==
Karena telah menempatkan Muhammad di peringkat pertama dalam daftar, buku tersebut mendapat beberapa ulasan kontroversial dari kritikus barat,<ref name=cn /><ref>{{cite book |last1=Yuan |first1=Haiwang |title=This is China: The First 5,000 Years |date=2010 |publisher=Berkshire Publishing |isbn=9781933782768 |page=35 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8GpQEIU0PGkC&dq=michael+h.+hart+hundred&pg=PA35 |access-date=31 July 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Freedman |first1=David Noel |last2=McClymond |first2=Michael J. |title=The Rivers of Paradise: Moses, Buddha, Confucius, Jesus, and Muhammad as Religious Founders |date=2001 |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing |isbn=9780802829573 |page=676 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=csUfJi9CxPEC&dq=michael+h.+hart+influential&pg=PA676 |access-date=31 July 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Benson |first1=Garth |last2=Glasberg |first2=Ronald |last3=Griffith |first3=Bryant |title=Perspectives on the Unity and Integration of Knowledge |date=1998 |publisher=P. Lang |isbn=9780820434872 |page=90 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B0TuAAAAMAAJ&q=michael+h.+hart+influential |accessdate=31 July 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Publishing |first1=Pearson Custom |title=Reasoning and Writing |date=2000 |publisher=Pearson Custom Publishing |isbn=9780536615022 |page=26 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k4bI5gOrSFoC&q=michael+h.+hart+influential |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Ultimate Reality and Meaning |date=1994 |publisher=Van Gorcum |page=171 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EOTWAAAAMAAJ&q=michael+h.+hart |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Science Digest |date=1978 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S0IUAQAAIAAJ&q=michael+h.+hart+100 |publisher=[[Science Digest]] |access-date=31 July 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=Korea Now |date=July 2003 |volume=32 |page=49 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SdwwAQAAIAAJ&q=michael+h.+hart+influential |journal=[[Korea Herald]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Senior Scholastic |date=September 1978 |volume=111 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kMZNAAAAYAAJ&q=michael+h.+hart+influential |publisher=[[Scholastic Corporation]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Books |first1=Honor |title=You Can Be a World Changer |date=2003 |publisher=David C. Cook |isbn=9781562928070 |pages=281, 284, 286 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kh5cO2dUM9AC&q=michael+h.+hart+influential |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Books in Print |date=1997 |volume=1,2,3, 4,7,10 |page=3601 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WxIZAQAAMAAJ&q=michael+h.+hart+influential |publisher=[[R. R. Bowker Company]] |language=en |isbn=9780835239356}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Kosova |first1=Hakan |title=A Tribute to the Prophet Muhammad |date=2007 |publisher=Tughra Books |isbn=9781597846028 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pg5RCwAAQBAJ&dq=michael+h.+hart+hundred+translat&pg=PT42 |language=en}}</ref> tetapi buku tersebut disambut secara luas dan meledak dengan ulasan positif di dunia Muslim, dan buku tersebut sering dikutip dalam buku penulis Muslim termasuk [[Muhammad al-Shirazi|Ayatollah Sayyid Muhammad al-Shirazi]], [[Ahmed Deedat]] dan yang lainnya.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ramadan |first1=Hisham M. |title=Understanding Islamic Law: From Classical to Contemporary |date=2006 |publisher=Rowman Altamira |isbn=9780759114340 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vU42AAAAQBAJ&dq=michael+h.+hart+hundred+translat&pg=PA34 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Malik |first1=Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam |title=English Translation of the Meaning of Al-Qur'an: The Guidance for Mankind (English Only) |date=1997 |publisher=The Institute of Islamic Knowledge |isbn=9780911119770 |page=21 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PqhECQAAQBAJ&dq=michael+h.+hart+hundred+translat&pg=PA21 |access-date=31 July 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=de_paul_legislation |publisher=IslamKotob |page=5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DXGas5I16z4C&dq=michael+h.+hart+hundred+translat&pg=PA4 |access-date=31 July 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Abbas |first1=Syed Ghulam |last2=Anis |first2=Mir Babbar Ali |title=The Immortal Poetry & Mir Anis: With the Versified Translation of a Marsia of Mir Anis |date=1983 |publisher=Majlis-e-Milli, Pakistan |page=XV |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LeljAAAAMAAJ&q=michael+h.+hart+hundred+translat |access-date=31 July 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author1=American Book Trade Association |author2=American Book Trade Union |author3=Book Trade Association of Philadelphia |author4=Publishers' Board of Trade |title=Publishers Weekly |date=1992 |publisher=Whitinsville, Mass. {{!}} R. R. Bowker Company |page=156 |isbn=9780671793630 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=audPmJUyfa8C&q=michael+h.+hart+hundred+translat |access-date=31 July 2019 |language=en}}</ref> Pada tahun 1988, mantan presiden Mesir kontemporer [[Hosni Mubarak]] menghormati Michael Hart karena menempatkan Muhammad di tempat pertama.<ref name=egypt /> Steven Skiena dan Charles Ward menulis dalam buku mereka ''[[Who's Bigger?|Who's Bigger?: Where Historical Figures Really Rank]]'' bahwa ''The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History'' "mungkin adalah peringkat tokoh sejarah yang paling terkenal berdasarkan pengaruhnya."<ref>{{cite book |last1=Skiena |first1=Steven |last2=Ward |first2=Charles |title=Who's Bigger?: Where Historical Figures Really Rank |year=2013 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=8 |isbn=978-1107041370 |quote=is probably the best known ranking of historic figures by influence.}}</ref>
== Sekuel ==
Hart menulis sebuah tanggapan pada tahun 1999 berjudul ''A View from the Year 3000'',<ref>Michael H. Hart. ''A view from the year 3000: a ranking of the 100 most influential persons of all time''; [https://archive.org/details/viewfromyear300000hart first published in 1999]</ref> disuarakan dalam perspektif seseorang dari tahun depan itu dan memberi peringkat orang paling berpengaruh dalam sejarah. Kira-kira setengah dari entri adalah orang fiksi dari tahun 2000–3000, tetapi sisanya adalah orang sungguhan. Sebagian besar entrinya diambil dari edisi 1992, dengan beberapa peringkat diurutkan ulang.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Nagel |first1=Stuart S. |title=Handbook of Policy Creativity: Creativity at the cutting edge |date=2001 |publisher=Nova Publishers |isbn=9781590330302 |page=14 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6YXpUBmBfHQC&dq=a+view+from+the+year+3000%3A+a+ranking+of+the+100+most+influential+persons+of+all+time&pg=PA14 |access-date=28 July 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Humanity three thousand |date=2000 |publisher=Foundation for the Future |isbn=9780967725239 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=duzWAAAAMAAJ&q=a+view+from+the+year+3000:+a+ranking+of+the+100+most+influential+persons+of+all+time |language=en}}</ref>
== Referensi ==
{{reflist}}
== Pranala luar ==
* {{en}} [http://www.pathfinder.com/time/time100/ Time Magazine's 100 Most Influential People of the 20th Century]
* {{en}} [http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0396288/ Top 100 most influential people of the millennium]
[[Kategori:Buku tahun 1978]]
[[Kategori:Daftar tokoh]]
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