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[[GambarBerkas:Shipyard in klaksvik, faroe islands.jpg|thumbjmpl|250px|Galangan kapal di [[Klaksvík]], [[Kepulauan Faroe]]]]
[[Berkas:DSCF6406.jpg|jmpl|250px|Kapal yang sedang dibangun di galangan Gdynia Shipyard]]
'''Galangan kapal''' adalah sebuah tempat yang dirancang untuk memperbaiki dan [[pembuatan kapal|membuat kapal]]. Kapal-kapal ini dapat berupa [[kapal pesiar]]/[[yacht]], armada militer, ''[[cruise line]]'', pesawat barang atau penumpang.
Negara-negara dengan kemampuan membangun industri pembuatan kapal besar termasuk [[Korea Selatan]], [[Jepang]], dan [[Republik Rakyat Tiongkok|Tiongkok]]. Industri pembuatan kapal di Eropa lebih terpecah dibanding dengan di [[Asia]]. Dalam negara-negara Eropa ada lebih banyak perusahaan kecil, dibanding dengan pembuat kapal di Asia yang lebih sedikit namun besar.
Kebanyakan pembuat kapal di [[Amerika Serikat]] dimiliki pribadi, dengan yang terbesar adalah [[Northrop Grumman Corporation|Northrop Grumman]] sebuah [[kontraktor pertahanan]] multi-milyarmiliar dolar.
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Shipyards are constructed by the sea or by tidal rivers to allow easy access for their ships. In the [[United Kingdom]], for example, shipyards were established on the [[River Thames]] (King [[Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII]] founded yards at [[Woolwich Dockyard|Woolwich]] and [[Deptford]] in 1512 and 1513 respectively), [[River Mersey]], [[River Tyne, England|River Tyne]], [[River Wear]] and [[River Clyde]] - the latter growing to be the World's pre-eminent shipbuilding centre. Sir [[Alfred Yarrow]] established his yard by the Thames in [[London]]'s Docklands in the late 19th century before moving it northwards to the banks of the Clyde at [[Scotstoun]] (1906-08). Other famous UK shipyards include the [[Harland and Wolff]] yard in [[Belfast]], [[Northern Ireland]], where the [[RMS Titanic|''Titanic'']] was built, and the naval dockyard at [[Chatham, England]] on the [[Medway]] in north [[Kent]].
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Sebuah lokasi galangan kapal besar akan berisi banyak ''[[crane (mesin)|crane]]'', [[dok kering]], ''[[slipway]]'', gudang bebas-debu, fasilitas pengecatan dan tempat yang sangat luas untuk fabrikasi kapal-kapal tersebut.
Setelah tidak layak digunakan, kapal tersebut akan melakukan perjalanan terakhir ke galangan [[penghancuran kapal]], seringkalisering kali di sebuah pantai di [[Asia Selatan]]. Dahulu pemecahan kapal dilaksanakan di dok kering di [[negara maju]], tetapi gaji tinggi dan peraturan lingkungan telah mengakibatkan pergerakan industri ini ke wilayah yang sedang berkembang.
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==History==
The world's earliest dockyards were built in the [[Indus Valley Civilization|Harappan]] [[port city]] of [[Lothal]] circa [[2400 BC]] in [[Gujarat]], [[India]]. Lothal's dockyards connected to an ancient course of the [[Sabarmati]] river on the trade route between [[Harappa|Harappan]] cities in [[Sindh]] and the peninsula of [[Saurashtra]] when the surrounding [[Kutch]] desert was a part of the [[Arabian Sea]]. Lothal engineers accorded high priority to the creation of a dockyard and a [[warehouse]] to serve the purposes of naval trade. The dock was built on the eastern flank of the town, and is regarded by archaeologists as an engineering feat of the highest order. It was located away from the main current of the river to avoid silting, but provided access to ships in high tide as well.
Ships were the first items to be manufactured in a [[factory]], several hundred years before the [[Industrial Revolution]], in the [[Venice Arsenal]], [[Venice]], [[Italy]]. The Arsenal apparently [[mass production|mass produced]] nearly one ship every day using [[American system of manufacturing|pre-manufactured parts]], and [[assembly line]]s and, at its height, employed 16,000 people.
==Historic shipyards==
* [[Lothal]] in [[Gujarat]], [[India]] circa 2400 BC to 1900 BC
* [[Thames Ironworks and Shipbuilding Co. Ltd]]
* [[John Brown & Company]]
* [[Swan Hunter]]
* [[Harland and Wolff]]
* [[Cammell Laird]]
* [[Woolwich Dockyard]], near the [[Woolwich Arsenal]]
* [[Royal Naval Dockyards]] in the [[United Kingdom|UK]], [[Gibraltar]], [[Bombay]], [[Bermuda]], [[Hong Kong]] and elsewhere [[worldwide]]
* [[Bethlehem Steel Corporation]] had 15 shipyards during [[World War II]]
**[http://www.destroyers.org/DD-Bldg-Images/BSCSI-Main.htm Staten Island Shipyard] 1895
* Charlestown Navy Yard, later [[Boston Navy Yard]], [[Boston, Massachusetts|Boston]], [[Massachusetts]] 1800 to 1974
* [[Long Beach Naval Shipyard]] 1943 to 1997
* [[Navy Island]], [[Ontario]], [[Canada]] - French in 1700s, then British 1763 to [[War of 1812]]
* [[Mare Island Naval Shipyard]], [[Mare Island, California|Mare Island]], [[California]] 1854 to 1996
* New York Naval Shipyard (NYNSY), also known as the Brooklyn Navy Yard, the [[New York Navy Yard]], and United States Navy Yard, New York 1801 to 1966
* [[Philadelphia Naval Shipyard]] 1799 to 1965
* [[San Francisco Naval Shipyard]], later Hunters Point Naval Shipyard, then Treasure Island Naval Station Hunters Point Annex, 1941 to 1994
*[[Potrero Point]] [[San Francisco]] California 1880s - still a working yard
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== Galangan kapal terkenal ==
* [[HMNB Devonport|Devonport Dockyard]] [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/2002476.stm] [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/1422130.stm], terletak di kota [[Plymouth, Inggris]] di county [[Devon]] merupakan pangkalan angkatan laut terbesar di [[Eropa]] barat.<!-- It has 15 [[dry dock]]s, four miles (6 km) of waterfront, 25 tidal berths, five basins and covers 650 acres (2.6 km²). It is the main refitting base for [[Royal Navy]] nuclear submarines and also handles work on frigates. It is the base for seven of the Trafalgar class nuclear powered hunter-killer submarines and many frigates, exploiting its convenient access to the [[Atlantic Ocean]]. It supports the [[Current Royal Navy ships#Vanguard-class submarines | Vanguard class]] [[Trident missile]] nuclear ballistic missile submarines in a custom-built refitting dock. It houses [[HMS Courageous]], a nuclear powered submarine used in the [[Falklands War]] and open to the general public[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/1695215.stm]. Facilities in the local area also include a major naval training establishment and a base for the [[Royal Marines]].
[[Image:NorfolkNavalShipyardAerialView.jpg|thumb|200px|Aerial view of [[Norfolk Naval Shipyard]]]]
* [[Norfolk Naval Shipyard]] in [[Portsmouth, Virginia]], is one of the largest shipyards in the world; specializing in repairing, overhauling and modernizing ships and submarines. It's the oldest and largest industrial facility that belongs to the [[United States Navy]]
* [[BAE Systems Naval Ships]] and [[BAE Systems Submarines]] (formally merged under [[BAE Systems Marine]]), are subsidiaries of the global defence contractor [[BAE Systems]], and form Europe's largest naval shipbuilding group. BAE currently operates three shipyards in the [[United Kingdom]]; two large Shipbuilding yards on the [[River Clyde]] in [[Glasgow]] - the Naval Ships division which specialises in surface shipbuilding projects like the [[Type 45 destroyer]] - and the BAE Systems Submarines [[Vickers Shipbuilding and Engineering Ltd|Submarine Centre of Excellence]] at [[Barrow-in-Furness]] in [[Cumbria]]. The latter is one of the few yards in the world capable of building [[nuclear submarines]], like the Royal Navy's [[Vanguard class submarine|Vanguard class]]. [[BAE Systems]] are currently leading the "Carrier Alliance" to design and build the [[Royal Navy CVF programme|Future Aircraft Carriers]] for the [[Royal Navy]], which will be Europe's largest naval shipbuilding project.
[[Image:HMSDaring.JPG|thumb|200px|''HMS Daring'' under construction at [[BAE Systems Naval Ships]]]]
* [[Newport News Shipbuilding]], part of [[Northrop Grumman Corporation|Northrop Grumman]], is the largest private ship builder in the [[United States|US]] and the one best known for its unique capacity to build the [[Nimitz class aircraft carrier]]s.
* [[Mazagaon|Mazagaon Dockyard]], operated by [[Government of India|state-owned]] Mazagaon Dock Limited, is one of [[India]]'s largest shipyard. It constructs a variety of ships both for the defence and civilian sector. The dockyard is famous for constructing Britain's Trincomalee vessels.
* [[Ingalls Shipbuilding]], part of [[Northrop Grumman Corporation|Northrop Grumman]], located in [[Pascagoula, Mississippi]] repaired the [[USS Cole (DDG-67)|USS ''Cole'']] and builds [[offshore drilling rig]]s, [[cruise ship]]s and naval vessels.
* [[Yantai Raffles]] [http://www.yantai-raffles.com/] is the largest ship builder in [[China]] located in [[Yantai]]. It has built numerous cargo ships, [[tugboat]]s and support vessels, as well as ''pleasure vessels'' such as yachts.
* The beach at [[Alang]] in the Indian state of [[Gujarat]] is the site of a large complex of [[shipbreaking]] yards which processes 50% of the ships that are salvaged.
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* [[Mitsui Engineering & Shipbuilding Co., Ltd.]] - ([[Tamano]], [[Jepang]])
* [[Niigata Shipbuilding & Repair, Inc.]] - ([[Niigata]], [[Jepang]])
* [[Sasebo Heavy Industries Co., Ltd]] - ([[Sasebo]], [[Jepang]])
* [[Uwajima Shipyard]] - ([[Uwajima]], [[Jepang]])
* [[Hyundai Heavy Industries Co., Ltd.]]) - ([[Korea Selatan]])
==Galangan Kapal di Indonesia==
* [[PT PAL Indonesia]] – [[Surabaya]]
* [[PT Dok dan Perkapalan Surabaya]] – [[Surabaya]]
* [[PT Jasa Marina Indah]] – [[Jakarta]]
* [[PT Inggom Shipyard]] – [[Jakarta]]
* [[PT Daya Radar Utama]] – [[Jakarta]]
* [[PT Dok Koja Bahari]] – [[Jakarta]]
* [[PT IKI]] – [[Makassar]]
== Pranala luar ==
* {{en}} [http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/nof/docks History of European dockyards] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040511102641/http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/nof/docks/ |date=2004-05-11 }}
* {{en}} [http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/facility/shipyard.htm GlobalSecurity - Shipyards] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100808004759/http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/facility/shipyard.htm |date=2010-08-08 }}
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*{{en}} [http://www.geocities.com/naforts/ships/ships_C.html Historic Canadian Naval Ships and Shipyards]
*{{en}} [http://www.geocities.com/naforts/ships/yards.html Historic US Naval Shipyards]
[[Kategori:Galangan kapal| ]]
[[Kategori:Konstruksi kapal]]
[[Kategori:Perusahaan pembuat kapal| ]]
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[[ca:Drassana]]
[[da:Skibsværft]]
[[de:Werft]]
[[el:Ναυπηγείο]]
[[en:Shipyard]]
[[eo:Ŝipfarejo]]
[[es:Astillero naval]]
[[fi:Telakka]]
[[fr:Chantier naval]]
[[he:מספנה]]
[[hr:Brodogradilište]]
[[is:Slippur]]
[[nl:Scheepswerf]]
[[no:Verft]]
[[pl:Stocznia]]
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[[ru:Верфь]]
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[[uk:Верф]]
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