Keruntuhan Maya Klasik: Perbedaan antara revisi

[[Berkas:Tikal temple jaguar.jpg|thumbjmpl|rightka|400px|Reruntuhan [[Tikal]], yang sebelumnya merupakan salah satu kota terkuat pada masa Maya Klasik.]]

Karena sebagian peradaban Maya masih berdiri, beberapa ahli tidak menyukai istilah "keruntuhan."<ref>Aimers, James J. "What Maya Collapse? Terminal Classic Variation in the Maya Lowlands." J Archaeol Res (2007) 15:329–377.</ref> Mengenai keruntuhan ini, [[E. W. Andrews IV]] bahkan berkata bahwa "menurut saya hal semacam itu tidak terjadi."<ref>Andrews IV, E. W. (1973). The development of Maya civilization after the abandonment of the southern cities. In Culbert, T. P. (ed.), The Classic Maya Collapse, University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, hal. 243–265.</ref>

Maya seringkalisering kali mencatat tanggal dalam monumen yang mereka bangun. Beberapa monumen dibangun sekitar tahun 500 M - sekitar 10 per tahun pada tahun 514 M sebagai contoh. Jumlahnya meningkat menjadi 20 per tahun pada tahun 672 M dan 40 pada tahun 750 M. Setelah itu, jumlah monumen yang dibangun per tahun mulai berkurang dengan cepat hingga hanya 10 pada tahun 800 dan 0 pada tahun 900. Daftar raja-raja yang tercatat juga melengkapi daftar ini. [[Copán Altar Q|Altar Q]] menunjukkan masa kekuasan raja-raja dari tahun 426 hingga 763. Satu raja terakhir yang tak tercatat dalam Altar Q adalah [[Ukit Took]], yang mungkin merupakan perebut takhta. Dinasti ini diyakini runtuh segera setelah itu. Di [[Quirigua]], dua puluh mil di sebelah utara [[Copán]], raja terakhir yang bernama [[Jade Sky]] mulai berkuasa antara tahun 895 hingga 900, dan di seluruh Maya semua kerajaan jatuh pada waktu yang kurang lebih sama.<ref name="whyNationsFail">{{Cite book|last=Acemoglu,Robinson|first=Daron, James A.|title=Why Nations Fail|year=2012|pages=143–149|isbn=978-1-84668-429-6}}

Terdapat sekitar 88 teori atau variasi teori yang mencoba menjelaskan Keruntuhan Maya Klasik.<ref>Gill (2000, hal.371).</ref> Walaupun teori bervariasi dari perubahan iklim hingga deforestasi, belum ada teori yang diterima secara umum, walaupun teori kekeringan saat ini dianggap sebagai penjelasan yang paling mungkin.<ref>“Like most things, collapse explanations are subject to fashion, and the one most in the limelight today is climatic change, or more specifically, megadrought.” Quote is from Webster (2002, p.239); see also article by Diamond (2003).</ref>

# Tanah tropis yang tipis dengan tingkat kesuburan yang berkurang dan tidak dapat digunakan lagi ketika sudah tidak ada hutan.<ref>Coe (1999, hal.26–27).</ref>

# Kekeringan musiman mengeringkan air di permukaan.<ref name="Webster 2002, p.239">Webster (2002, hal.239).</ref>

{{cite article|title=Collapse of Classic Maya Civilization Related to Modest Reduction in Precipitation|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_science_2012-02-24_335_6071/page/956|first1=Martín|last1=Medina-Elizalde|first2=Eelco J.|last2=Rohling|journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |date=24 Feb 2012 |volume= 335 |issue= 6071 |pages=956-959 |DOI=10.1126/science.1216629}}

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* [http://www.authenticmaya.com/maya_warfare.htm Classic Maya Warfare] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071005210726/http://www.authenticmaya.com/maya_warfare.htm |date=2007-10-05 }}

* [http://www.authenticmaya.com/maya_culture_collapse.htm Current Maya Collapse Theory] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524032455/http://www.authenticmaya.com/maya_culture_collapse.htm |date=2011-05-24 }}

[[Kategori:PeradabanSejarah peradaban Maya]]