Hiu paus: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
Rachmat-bot (bicara | kontrib) k cosmetic changes |
Tidak ada ringkasan suntingan |
||
(32 revisi perantara oleh 20 pengguna tidak ditampilkan) | |||
Baris 1:
{{Taxobox
|
| status = VU
| trend = down
| status_system = iucn2.3
| status_ref =<ref name="iucn"/>
| image = Whale shark Georgia aquarium.jpg
| image_width = 250px
| image_caption = Hiu paus dari [[Taiwan]] di [[Akuarium Georgia]]
Baris 16 ⟶ 15:
| classis = [[Chondrichthyes]]
| subclassis = [[Elasmobranchii]]
|
| ordo = [[Hiu karpet|Orectolobiformes]]
| familia =
| familia_authority = ([[Johannes Peter Müller|Müller]] dan [[Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle|Henle]], [[1839]])
| genus = '''''Rhincodon'''''
Baris 29:
}}
'''Hiu paus'''
Hiu ini mengembara di samudera tropis dan lautan yang beriklim hangat, dan dapat hidup hingga berusia 70 tahun. Spesies ini dipercaya berasal dari sekitar 60 juta tahun yang lalu.
== Deskripsi ==
[[Berkas:Snorkeling whale shark 4.JPG|
[[Berkas:Whale Shark - Osaka Aquarium.jpg|
Cucut geger lintang merupakan hewan terbesar yang masih hidup di dunia, di luar [[paus]]. Ukuran rata-rata hewan dewasa diperkirakan sekitar {{Convert|9
<!-- In 1868 the Irish natural scientist [[Edward Perceval Wright]] obtained several small whale shark specimens in the Seychelles, but claimed to have observed specimens in excess of {{Convert|15|m|ft|1}}, and tells of reports of specimens surpassing {{Convert|21|m|ft|1}}.
Baris 43:
In a 1925 publication, [[Hugh McCormick Smith|Hugh M. Smith]] described a huge animal caught in a bamboo fish trap in Thailand in 1919. The shark was too heavy to pull ashore, but Smith estimated that the shark was at least {{Convert|17|m|ft|0}} long, and weighed approximately {{Convert|37|t|lb}}. These measurements have been exaggerated to {{Convert|43|t|lb}} and a more precise {{Convert|17.98|m|ft|2}} in recent years. A shark caught in 1994 off [[Tainan County]], southern Taiwan reportedly weighed {{Convert|35.8|t|lb}}.<ref name=Mollet /> There have even been claims of whale sharks of up to {{Convert|23|m|ft|0}} and {{Convert|100|t|lb}}. In 1934 a ship named the ''Maurguani'' came across a whale shark in the Southern Pacific Ocean, rammed it, and the shark consequently became stuck on the prow of the ship, supposedly with {{Convert|4.6|m|ft|1}} on one side and {{Convert|12.2|m|ft|1}} on the other.<ref>Xavier Maniguet, ''Jaws of Death''; 1991.</ref> No reliable documentation exists for these claims and they remain "fish-stories". -->
Sebagai pemakan [[plankton]], yang memperoleh mangsanya dengan menyaring air laut, hiu paus memiliki mulut yang berukuran besar, hingga selebar {{Convert|1.5|m|ft|1}} yang berisikan 10 lembaran penyaring dan sekitar 300 hingga 350 deret gigi kecil-kecil.<ref name="FAO">{{cite web|author=Compagno, L.J.V.|title=Species Fact Sheet, ''Rhincodon typus''|publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations|accessdate=19 September 2006|url=http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/2801/en}}</ref>
== Agihan dan habitat ==
Geger lintang menghuni semua lautan [[tropika]] dan [[ugahari]] yang bersuhu hangat. Ikan ini diketahui beruaya setiap musim semi ke wilayah paparan benua di pesisir Australia barat. Musim berpijah hewan-hewan karang di Terumbu Karang Ningaloo diketahui telah meningkatkan ketersediaan plankton bagi ikan-ikan besar ini. Meskipun biasanya hidup menjelajah di tengah samudera luas, secara musiman terlihat adanya kelompok-kelompok geger lintang yang mencari makanan di sekitar pesisir benua, seperti di Australia barat itu; di Afrika Selatan (pantai selatan dan timur); Belize; Filipina; India; Indonesia; Honduras; Madagaskar; Meksiko; Mozambik; Tanzania; serta Zanzibar. Tidak jarang ikan-ikan ini terlihat memasuki [[laguna]] atau [[atol]], atau mendekati [[estuaria]] (muara sungai).
Wilayah jelajahnya pada umumnya tidak melewati lintang 30°, utara maupun selatan. Cucut ini diketahui mampu menyelam hingga kedalaman {{convert|1,286|m|ft|3}}, dan tergolong ikan yang bermigrasi.<ref name="fishbase">{{cite web|author=Ed. Ranier Froese and Daniel Pauly|title=''Rhincodon typus'' |publisher=FishBase|accessdate=17 September 2006|url=http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2081}}</ref>
== Makanan ==
Cucut geger lintang merupakan salah satu dari tiga spesies cucut, yang diketahui makan dengan cara menyaring air laut<!--; (along with the [[basking shark]] and the [[megamouth shark]])-->. Makanannya di antaranya yalah [[plankton]], [[krill]], larva kepiting pantai, makro [[alga]],<ref name="Shark-cam captures ocean motion">{{cite news|author=Rebecca Morelle.|title=Shark-cam captures ocean motion|publisher=BBC News|accessdate=30 July 2009|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7727136.stm|date=17 November 2008}}</ref>
Cucut raksasa ini makan secara pasif dengan cara membuka mulutnya lebar-lebar sambil berenang
<!--The whale shark is an active feeder, targeting concentrations of plankton or fish. It is able to ram filter feed or can gulp in a stationary position. The shark can circulate water at a rate up to 1.7 L/s (3.5 U.S. pint/s).{{Citation needed|date=March 2007}} This is in contrast to the passive feeding [[basking shark]], which does not pump water. Instead, it swims to force water across its gills.<ref name="fishbase" /><ref name="RQBM" />-->
== Ikan yang jinak ==
[[Berkas:Snorkeling whale shark 1.JPG|
Terlepas dari ukurannya yang meraksasa, hiu paus diketahui tidak berbahaya bagi manusia. Meski bertubuh besar, geger lintang adalah hewan laut yang jinak dan kadang-kadang membiarkan para penyelam menungganginya,<ref name=FAO2>
{{cite book|last=Compagno|first=Leonard J. V.|title=Sharks of the World: An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date: Bullhead, Mackerel and Carpet Sharks|publisher=Food & Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)|date=26 April 2002|volume=2|isbn=978-92-5-104543-5|url=http://books.google.com/?id=cxxSN4YA2i8C&lpg=PA207&dq=%22whale%20shark%22%20diver%20gentle&pg=PA207#v=onepage&q=|accessdate=20 September 2009}}</ref>
<!--
==Reproduction==
Baris 69:
== Konservasi ==
Populasi geger lintang terancam oleh aktivitas penangkapannya (dengan menggunakan harpun), atau secara tak sengaja terbawa dalam jaring ikan. Nelayan di berbagai tempat (India, Pakistan, Maladewa, Taiwan, dan Filipina) menangkap dan memperdagangkan ikan ini untuk dagingnya, minyak liver, serta siripnya yang berharga mahal.<ref name="iucn">Norman, B. 2005. [http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/full/19488/0 ''Rhincodon typus''.] In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.1. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 09 August 2012</ref> Di Indonesia, hampir setiap tahun diberitakan adanya hiu tutul yang terdampar di pantai atau terjerat jaring nelayan. Catatan ini setidaknya ada mulai tahun 1980, ketika seekor geger lintang terdampar di pantai Ancol,<ref>Nontji, A. 1987. ''Laut Nusantara''. Djambatan, Jakarta. Hal. 213</ref>
[[IUCN]], badan konservasi dunia, karenanya memasukkan populasi geger lintang ini ke dalam status Rentan (''Vulnerable''). Kerentanan menghadapi penangkapan ikan komersial ini disimpulkan karena nilainya yang tinggi dalam perdagangan, sifatnya yang selalu mengembara dan bermigrasi dalam jarak jauh, sifat hidupnya yang menurut pola seleksi-K, serta kelimpahan umumnya yang rendah.<ref name="iucn"/>
Upaya konservasi dan perlindungan jenis ini juga telah dilakukan beberapa negara, terutama berupa larangan untuk memburu, menangkap, dan memperdagangkan cucut besar ini. Filipina, misalnya, telah menerbitkan larangan menangkap, menjual, mengimpor atau mengekspornya sejak 1998.<ref>[http://www.wildlifeextra.com/go/news/whale-shark-fin.html#cr Whale shark butchered for its fins in the Philippines]</ref>
<!--In 2006, [[Resorts World Sentosa]] announced its plans to bring in whale sharks for their marine life park. This was met with opposition from seven notable conservation societies. In 2009, the plan was shelved in favour of a search for other alternatives.<ref>[http://www.asiaone.com/Travel/News/Story/A1Story20090516-141880.html Resorts World considering alternatives to whale shark exhibit]. Asia One Travel.</ref><ref>[http://www.news.com.au/casino-under-fire-over-whale-sharks/story-0-1111119124740 Animal welfare groups oppose whale sharks at Singapore casino]. News Limited.</ref>
Baris 79:
== Catatan taksonomis ==
Cucut ini adalah satu-satunya anggota dari [[genus
== Catatan kaki ==
Baris 85:
== Pranala luar ==
{{Commons category|
* [http://www.whaleshark.org/submit.jsp Reporting a whale shark sighting]
* [http://www.whaleshark.org/photographing.jsp How to photograph a whale shark for mark-recapture research]
* [http://forum.ecocean.org/ Whale Shark Research Discussion Forum] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071117165442/http://forum.ecocean.org/ |date=2007-11-17 }}
* [http://www.utilawhalesharkresearch.com/ Whale Shark Research in Utila, Honduras]
* [http://www.youtube.com/whalesharkfilm/ A short film about Utilas Whale Sharks]
* [http://mozmarinescience.googlepages.com/ Whale Shark research in Mozambique] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090831041121/http://mozmarinescience.googlepages.com/ |date=2009-08-31 }}
* {{marinebio|id=47|name=Whale shark, Rhincodon typus}}
* [http://www.whaleshark.org ECOCEAN Whale Shark Photo-identification Library]
* [http://www.whalesharkproject.org Whale Shark Project]
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/2251464.stm Whale sharks]
* [
* [http://www.nature.org/magazine/spring2003/features/whaleshark.html Whale Shark profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071216032806/http://www.nature.org/magazine/spring2003/features/whaleshark.html |date=2007-12-16 }} and [http://www.nature.org/wherewework/centralamerica/belize/work/art10457.html whale sharks in Belize] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071215140643/http://www.nature.org/wherewework/centralamerica/belize/work/art10457.html |date=2007-12-15 }} from [[The Nature Conservancy]]
* [http://www.dive-the-world.com/creatures-whale-sharks.htm Diving with whale sharks]
* [http://www.belizescuba.com/whalesharks.lasso Diving with whale sharks in Belize at Gladden Split] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071130043150/http://www.belizescuba.com/whalesharks.lasso |date=2007-11-30 }}
* [http://wetpixel.com/i.php/full/albino-whale-shark-photographed-in-ecuador Albino whale shark photographed in Galapagos]
* Suara Merdeka: [http://www.suaramerdeka.com/v1/index.php/read/news/2012/05/01/117101/Hiu-Cucut-Lintang-Terdampar-di-Pantai-Jepara Hiu Cucut Lintang Terdampar di Pantai Jepara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120611103951/http://www.suaramerdeka.com/v1/index.php/read/news/2012/05/01/117101/Hiu-Cucut-Lintang-Terdampar-di-Pantai-Jepara |date=2012-06-11 }}. 01 Mei 2012 20:23 WIB
* Kompas: [http://regional.kompas.com/read/2012/02/25/2020259/Ikan.Paus.Terdampar.di.Brebes Ikan Paus Terdampar di Brebes]. Sabtu, 25 Februari 2012 20:20 WIB
* AntaraNews: [http://www.antaranews.com/view/?i=1243330566c=WBMs=KON Hiu Terperangkap di Teluk Palu Dilepas Warga]. Selasa, 26 Mei 2009 16:36 WIB
* Republika: [http://www.republika.co.id/berita/breaking-news/nasional/09/03/04/35193-nelayan-jepara-temukan-hiu-seberat-satu-ton Nelayan Jepara Temukan Hiu Seberat Satu Ton]. Rabu, 04 Maret 2009 10:18 WIB
{{Taxonbar|from=Q80378}}
[[Kategori:Ikan Indonesia]]▼
[[Kategori:Hiu]]
[[Kategori:Megafauna]]
[[Kategori:Rhincodon]]
[[Kategori:Ikan Malaysia]]
[[Kategori:Ikan Hawaii]]
[[Kategori:Ikan Israel]]
[[Kategori:Fauna Samudra Hindia]]
|