Wikipedia

Pengeboman Kabul Juli 2016: Perbedaan antara revisi

Jelajahi riwayat secara interaktif
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
VisualTeks wiki
Dibuat dengan menerjemahkan halaman "July 2016 Kabul bombing"
Tag: tanpa kategori [ * ] Terjemahan Konten
 
Fazily (bicara | kontrib)
8.723 suntingan
k Mengembalikan suntingan oleh Zakheed Aswal (bicara) ke revisi terakhir oleh JumadilM
Tag: Pengembalian
 
(11 revisi perantara oleh 9 pengguna tidak ditampilkan)
Baris 1:
{{Infobox civilian attack
Pada tanggal 23 Juli 2016, dua pengeboman<ref name="PAKTODAY">{{Cite web|url=http://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2016/07/23/national/twin-blasts-in-kabul-kill-50/|title=More madness, more bloodshed in Afghanistan|date=23 July 2016|publisher=''[[Pakistan Today]]''|access-date=24 July 2016}}</ref> terjadi di sekitar Lapangan Dehmazang di [[Kabul, Afganistan|Kabul]], ibu kota [[Afganistan|Afghanistan]], ketika demonstran, yang sebagian besar merupakan etnis minoritas [[Syi'ah]] [[Hazara]], berdemonstrasi menentang proyek pembangunan [[Afghanistan: Program Investasi Pengembangan Pasokan Energi|TUTAP]].<ref name="bbc2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-36874570|title=Kabul explosion: Islamic State 'admits attack on Hazara protest'|date=23 July 2016|publisher=BBC|accessdate=24 July 2016}}</ref><ref name="bbc">{{Cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/persian/afghanistan/2016/07/160723_k02-kabul-demo-blast|title=BBC Farsi|date=23 July 2016|publisher=BBC Afghanistan|accessdate=23 July 2016}}</ref> Sedikitnya 80 orang tewas dan 260 orang terluka.<ref name="reuters"><cite class="citation web">Harooni, Mirwais (23 July 2016). </cite></ref><ref name="indianex"><cite class="citation web">[http://indianexpress.com/article/world/world-news/kabul-suicide-bomber-attacks-demonstration-by-hazara-minority-10-killed-2931442/ "Kabul: At least 80 feared killed, more than 200 wounded in IS claimed bomb attack"]. </cite></ref><ref name="bbc2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-36874570|title=Kabul explosion: Islamic State 'admits attack on Hazara protest'|date=23 July 2016|publisher=BBC|accessdate=24 July 2016}}</ref> [[Negara Islam Irak dan Syam]] mengaku bertanggung jawab atas pengeboman tersebut.
| title = Pengeboman Kabul Juli 2016
| partof = [[Perang di Afganistan (2015–sekarang)]]
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| map = Location map Afghanistan Kabul.svg
| map_size = 250px
| map_alt = Map of Kabul
| map_caption =
| location = Lapangan Dehmazang, [[Kabul]], Afganistan
| target = [[Hazara|Rakyat Hazara]]
| coordinates =
| date = 23 Juli 2016
| time = {{circa}} 14:30 [[Waktu di Afghanistan|AST]]<ref name="abc">{{cite web |url=http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/latest-claims-bombing-protest-kabul-40820676 |title=The Latest: 10-Day Ban on Public Gatherings in Afghanistan |date=23 July 2016 |publisher=[[Associated Press]] via [[ABC News]] |access-date=24 July 2016 }}</ref>
| timezone = [[UTC+04:30]]
| type = [[Bom bunuh diri]]<ref name="reuters">{{cite web | url=http://www.reuters.com/article/us-afghanistan-protests-idUSKCN1030GB?il=0 | title=Islamic State claims responsibility for Kabul attack, 80 dead | first=Mirwais |last=Harooni | publisher=[[Reuters]] | date=23 July 2016 | access-date=24 July 2016}}</ref>
| fatalities = 80+<ref name="reuters" /><ref name="bbc2" /><ref name="indianex">{{cite web | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/world/world-news/kabul-suicide-bomber-attacks-demonstration-by-hazara-minority-10-killed-2931442/ | title=Kabul: At least 80 feared killed, more than 200 wounded in IS claimed bomb attack | publisher=''[[The Indian Express]]'' | date=23 July 2016 | access-date=24 July 2016}}</ref>
| injuries = 260<ref name="cnn">{{cite web | url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/07/23/asia/afghanistan-explosion/index.html | title=ISIS claims Afghanistan explosion that kills dozens | first1=Steve |last1=Visser | first2=Masoud | last2=Popalzai | publisher=[[CNN]] | date=23 July 2016 | access-date=24 July 2016}}</ref>
| victims = <!-- or | victim = -->
| perps = [[Negara Islam Irak dan Syam]]
| susperps = <!-- or | susperp = -->
| weapons =
| assailant =
| dfens = <!-- or | dfen = -->
| motive = [[Anti-Syiisme]]
| website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} -->
}}
 
SeranganPada tersebuttanggal merupakan23 yangJuli paling2016, mematikandua di Kabul sejak tahun 2001.pengeboman<ref name="guardianPAKTODAY">{{Cite web|url=httpshttp://www.theguardianpakistantoday.com/world.pk/2016/jul07/23/hazaranational/twin-minorityblasts-targetedin-bykabul-suicidekill-bombs-at-kabul-protest50/|title=IsisMore claimsmadness, responsibilitymore forbloodshed Kabulin fatal bomb attack on Hazara protestersAfghanistan|date=23 July 2016|publisher=''[[ThePakistan GuardianToday]]''|access-date=2324 July 2016|first1=Sune Engel|last1=Rasmussen}}</ref> Presidenterjadi Afganistandi sekitar Lapangan Dehmazang di [[Ashraf GhaniKabul, AhmadzaiAfganistan|AshrafKabul]], Ghaniibu kota [[Afganistan|Afghanistan]] menyatakan, keesokanketika harinyademonstran, (24yang Juli)sebagian besar merupakan harietnis berkabungminoritas nasional[[Syi'ah]] dan[[Hazara]], akanberdemonstrasi berjanjimenentang untukproyek menindakpembangunan pelaku[[Afghanistan: Program Investasi Pengembangan Pasokan Energi|TUTAP]].<ref name="abcbbc2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-36874570|title=Kabul explosion: Islamic State 'admits attack on Hazara protest'|date=23 July 2016|publisher=BBC|accessdate=24 July 2016}}<cite/ref><ref classname="citation webbbc">[{{Cite web|url=http://abcnewswww.gobbc.com/Internationalpersian/wireStoryafghanistan/latest-claims-bombing-protest2016/07/160723_k02-kabul-40820676demo-blast|title=BBC "TheFarsi|date=23 Latest:July 10-Day2016|publisher=BBC BanAfghanistan|accessdate=23 onJuly Public2016}}</ref> GatheringsSedikitnya in80 Afghanistan"].orang tewas dan 260 orang terluka.</cite></ref name="reuters"/><ref name="bbc2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-36874570|title=Kabul explosion: Islamic State 'admits attack on Hazara protest'|date=23 July 2016|publisher=BBC|accessdate=24 July 2016}}</ref><ref name="indianex"/> [[Negara Islam Irak dan Syam]] mengaku bertanggung jawab atas pengeboman tersebut.
 
Serangan tersebut merupakan yang paling mematikan di Kabul sejak tahun 2001.<ref name="guardian">{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jul/23/hazara-minority-targeted-by-suicide-bombs-at-kabul-protest|title=Isis claims responsibility for Kabul fatal bomb attack on Hazara protesters|date=23 July 2016|publisher=''[[The Guardian]]''|access-date=23 July 2016|first1=Sune Engel|last1=Rasmussen}}</ref> Presiden Afganistan [[Ashraf Ghani Ahmadzai|Ashraf Ghani]] menyatakan keesokan harinya (24 Juli) merupakan hari berkabung nasional dan akan berjanji untuk menindak pelaku.<ref name="abc"/><ref name="bbc2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-36874570|title=Kabul explosion: Islamic State 'admits attack on Hazara protest'|date=23 July 2016|publisher=BBC|accessdate=24 July 2016}}</ref>
 
== Latar belakang ==
[[Hazara]]  merupakan kelompok etnis terbesar  ketiga di Afganistan, dan sebagian besar beragama Islam  [[Syi'ah]]  di tengah negara Afganistan yang mayoritas beragama Islam  [[Sunni]], dengan berjumlah 15% dari keseluruhan populasi Afganistan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/afghanistan-marks-day-of-national-mourning-after-huge-attack/|title=Afghanistan marks day of national mourning after huge attack|date=July 24, 2016|publisher=The Seattle Times|author=AP (Karim Sharifi)|accessdate=July 24, 2016}}</ref> Hazara sering mengalami tindakan diskriminasi dan genosida sejak pembentukan negara Afganistan dalam bentuk saat ini oleh Emir [[Abdur Rahman Khan]]. Masyarakat  Hazara telah lama disiksa oleh [[Taliban]] dan ribuan orang telah terbunuh sejak tahun 1990.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://voices.nationalgeographic.com/2012/01/16/hazara_afghanistan_pakistan/|title=Helping the Hazara of Afghanistan and Pakistan|date=January 16, 2012|publisher=National Geographic|author=Saleem Ali|accessdate=July 24, 2016}}</ref>
 
[[Afghanistan: Program Investasi Pengembangan Pasokan Energi|TUTAP]] ([[Turkmenistan]]-[[Uzbekistan]]-[[Tajikistan]]-[[Afganistan]]-[[Pakistan]]) merupakan proyek pembangunan saluran listrik yang didanai oleh [[Bank Pembangunan Asia]]  dan [[Bank Dunia]]<ref name="csis">{{Cite web|url=https://www.csis.org/events/tutap-interconnection-concept-and-casa-1000|title=The TUTAP Interconnection Concept and CASA-1000|date=6 June 2014|accessdate=24 July 2016}}</ref>  dengan tujuan agar lebih banyak warga Afganistan yang mempunyai akses listrik.<ref name="thediplomattutap">{{Cite web|url=http://thediplomat.com/2016/05/tutap-energy-project-sparks-political-infighting-in-afghanistan/|title=TUTAP Energy Project Sparks Political Infighting in Afghanistan|last=Putz|first=Catherine|date=10 May 2016|publisher=''[[The Diplomat]]''|access-date=24 July 2016}}</ref>  Hasil penilaian awal dari proyek ini merekomendasikan rute TUTAP melalui [[Provinsi Bamiyan]],<ref name="adbreport">{{Cite web|url=http://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/project-document/76570/43497-012-afg-tacr.pdf|title=Technical Assistance Consultant's Report|date=May 2013|publisher=[[Asian Development Bank]]|access-date=24 July 2016}}</ref>  sebuah provinsi dengan mayoritas penduduknya merupakan Orang Hazara, tetapi dipada tahun 2013<ref name="abc"/><cite class="citation web">[http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/latest-claims-bombing-protest-kabul-40820676 "The Latest: 10-Day Ban on Public Gatherings in Afghanistan"]. </cite></ref> rute TUTAP diubah menjadi melalui [[Jalur Gunung Salang]].<ref name="thediplomattutap">{{Cite web|url=http://thediplomat.com/2016/05/tutap-energy-project-sparks-political-infighting-in-afghanistan/|title=TUTAP Energy Project Sparks Political Infighting in Afghanistan|last=Putz|first=Catherine|date=10 May 2016|publisher=''[[The Diplomat]]''|access-date=24 July 2016}}</ref>
 
Rakyat Hazara memprotes keputusan pemerintah untuk mengalihkan rute TUTAP. Para aktivis di Kabul menyelenggarakan demonstrasi pada 6 Mei 2016, gerakan tersebut dinamai جنبش روشنایی (Gerakan Pencerahan). Hasil perundingan setelah demonstrasi yang melibatkan  demonstran dan pejabat pemerintah tidak membuahkan hasil. Karena itu aksi damai kedua diselenggarakan pada 23 Juli 2016.
 
Ribuan orang mengikuti demonstrasi pada 23 Juli 2016. Demonstrasi dimulai dari wilayah barat Kabul sekitar pukul 07.00 dan berakhir di Lapangan Dehmazang. Pemerintah telah menempatkan sejumlah truk untuk menghentikan demonstran bergerak menuju [[Arg (Kabul)|istana kepresidenan]].<ref name="aljazeera">{{Cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/07/deadly-blast-kills-10-kabul-protest-160723105351090.html|title=ISIL-claimed blasts kill dozens in Kabul Hazara protest|publisher=[[Al Jazeera]]|access-date=24 July 2016}}</ref> Demonstran berencana untuk mendirikan kamp di lapangan setelah demonstrasi berakhir.<ref name="abc"><cite class="citation web">[http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/latest-claims-bombing-protest-kabul-40820676 "The Latest: 10-Day Ban on Public Gatherings in Afghanistan"]. </cite></ref>
 
Sebelum demonstrasi, pemerintah telah memperingatkan adanya kemungkinan serangan.<ref name="abc"><cite class="citation web">[http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/latest-claims-bombing-protest-kabul-40820676 "The Latest: 10-Day Ban on Public Gatherings in Afghanistan"]. </cite></ref>
 
== Pengeboman ==
Pada pukul 14.30 waktu setempat, dua pelaku meledakkan sabuk peledak saat demonstran akan pulang setelah unjuk rasa berakhir. Lembaga keamanan mengklaim mereka punya laporan intelijen mengenai adanya rencana pengeboman.<ref name="aljazeera">{{Cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/07/deadly-blast-kills-10-kabul-protest-160723105351090.html|title=ISIL-claimed blasts kill dozens in Kabul Hazara protest|publisher=[[Al Jazeera]]|access-date=24 July 2016}}</ref> [[CNN]]  mengutip pernyataan polisi Afganistan, pelaku ketiga tewas sebelum mengaktifkan bomnya, meskipun hanya dua pelaku yang diklaim oleh NIIS.<ref name="cnn"><cite class="citation web">Visser, Steve; Popalzai, Masoud (23 July 2016). </cite></ref>
 
=== Pelaku ===
Serangan ini dilakukan oleh dua pejuang  [[Negara Islam Irak dan Syam|NIIS]], menurut  [[Kantor Berita Amaq]]  yang merupakan kantor berita NIIS.<ref name="bbc2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-36874570|title=Kabul explosion: Islamic State 'admits attack on Hazara protest'|date=23 July 2016|publisher=BBC|accessdate=24 July 2016}}</ref><ref name="aljazeera">{{Cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/07/deadly-blast-kills-10-kabul-protest-160723105351090.html|title=ISIL-claimed blasts kill dozens in Kabul Hazara protest|publisher=[[Al Jazeera]]|access-date=24 July 2016}}</ref><ref>[https://news.siteintelgroup.com/Jihadist-News/is-amaq-news-agency-claims-dual-suicide-bombing-in-kabul.html "IS’ ‘Amaq News Agency Claims Dual Suicide Bombing in Kabul", from SITE Intelligence Group]</ref> Menurut  [[Voice of America|VOA]], pernyataan NIIS juga mengatakan serangan tersebut bertujuan untuk memperingatkan Hazara agar berhenti bertempur dengan pemerintah Suriah melawan NIIS di  [[Perang saudara Suriah]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.voazimbabwe.com/a/deadly-bombing-in-kabul/3431761.html|title=IS Attack Kills 80 During Protest in Kabul|date=23 July 2016|work=VOA|accessdate=25 July 2016}}</ref> 
 
Taliban menyangkalmembantah keterlibatannya dalam serangan ini.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/explosion-near-large-demonstration-in-kabul-multiple-casualties-reported/story-eXcrCWqKnZg87GgZi72MGK.html|title=80 killed in twin explosions during Kabul protest, IS claims responsibility|date=23 July 2016|publisher=''[[Hindustan Times]]''|author=AFP Kabul|accessdate=23 July 2016}}</ref>
 
== Reaksi ==
=== Dalam negeri ===
* [[Taliban]], yang lebih kuat daripada NIIS di Afganistan, membantah terlibat dalam serangan ini<ref>{{cite web|author=AFP | url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1272695 |title=80 dead, 231 wounded as twin blasts strike Hazara demonstration in Kabul|publisher=Dawn News |date=July 23, 2016 |accessdate=July 24, 2016}}</ref> and in a statement posted on their website termed the attack "a plot to ignite civil war".<ref>{{cite web|author=Mirwais Harooni | url=http://in.reuters.com/article/afghanistan-protests-idINKCN10308D |title= Islamic State claims responsibility for Kabul attack, 80 dead | publisher=Reuters |date=July 24, 2016 |accessdate=July 24, 2016}}</ref>
 
=== Luar negeri ===
* {{Flagu|Iran}} – Menteri Luar Negeri [[Mohammad Javad Zarif]] mengutuk serangan ini dan turut berbelasungkawa kepada pemerintah dan rakyat Afganistan. Ia menuliskan di Twitter: "Teror pengeboman Afganistan merupakan contoh lain kekejaman NIIS: Syi'ah & Sunni keduanya merupakan korban & harus bersatu untuk mengalahkan ekstremis."<ref>[https://twitter.com/JZarif/status/756932693242314753 Iranian Foreign Minister J. Zarif condemned Kabul bombing]</ref>
* {{Flagu|Pakistan}} – Perdana Menteri [[Nawaz Sharif]] mengutuk serangan di Kabul dan turut berbelasungkawa terhadap korban dan menegaskan rasa solidaritas dengan pemerintah dan rakyat Afganistan.<ref>{{cite web | author= APP | url= http://www.app.com.pk/pm-strongly-condemns-kabul-blasts-expresses-grief-over-loss-of-lives/ | title= PM strongly condemns Kabul blasts, expresses grief over loss of lives | publisher= Associated Press of Pakistan | date= July 23, 2016 | accessdate= July 24, 2016 | archive-date= 2016-07-24 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160724162039/http://www.app.com.pk/pm-strongly-condemns-kabul-blasts-expresses-grief-over-loss-of-lives/ | dead-url= yes }}</ref>
* {{Flagu|India}} – Presiden [[Pranab Mukherjee]] mengutuk pelaku dari serangan dan berbelasungkawa terhadap keluarga yang kehilangan anggota keluarganya dan berdoa untuk kesembuhan korban luka.<ref>{{cite web|author=ANI New Delhi | url= http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/president-mukherjee-condoles-loss-of-lives-in-kabul-twin-blasts-116072300940_1.html|title= 80 killed in twin explosions during Kabul protest, IS claims responsibility| publisher=Business Standard |date=July 23, 2016 |accessdate=July 24, 2016}}</ref>
* {{Flagu|AS}} – Sekretaris Pers Gedung Putih [[Josh Earnest]] menyatakan bahwa Amerika Serikat mengutuk serangan di Kabul, karena serangan itu menyasar orang saat aksi damai.<ref>{{cite web|author=AP | url= http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2016/jul/23/the-latest-us-commander-condemns-afghan-bomb-attac/ | title= The Latest: 10-day ban on public gatherings in Afghanistan | publisher=Washington Times | date=July 23, 2016 | accessdate=July 24, 2016}}</ref>
 
=== Organisasi Internasional ===
* {{flagu|PBB}} – Sekretaris Jenderal [[Ban Ki-moon]] dan, Tadamichi Yamamoto, Asisten Khusus untuk ''UN Secretary to Assistance Mission for Afghanistan'' (UNAMA) mengutuk serangan teror pada unjuk rasa damai di Kabul, menyebut serangan tersebut sebagai“kejahatan keji”.<ref>{{cite web|author= | url= http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=54542#.V5SEa_skrcs | title= Afghanistan: UN condemns 'despicable' terrorist attack that leaves scores dead in Kabul | publisher=UN News Center| date=July 23, 2016 | accessdate=July 24, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=PTI | url= http://www.financialexpress.com/world-news/un-chief-condemns-despicable-afghan-attack/327137/ | title= UN Chief condemns “despicable” Afghan attack | publisher=The Financial Express | date=July 24, 2016 | accessdate=July 24, 2016}}</ref>
 
== Referensi ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
 
[[Kategori:Afganistan dalam tahun 2016]]
[[Kategori:Pembunuhan massal tahun 2016]]
[[Kategori:Abad ke-21 di Kabul]]
[[Kategori:Peristiwa Juli 2016]]
[[Kategori:Pembantaian di 2016]]
[[Kategori:Pembantaian di Afganistan]]
Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Pengeboman_Kabul_Juli_2016"