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'''Literatur rabinik''' (‘’’Sastra rabinik’’’), dalam arti luas, dapat berarti keseluruhan tulisan [[rabi]]nik dalam sejarah [[Yudaisme]] atau kepercayaan [[Yahudi]]. Namun, istilah ini seringkalisering kali secara khusus merujuk kepada literatur dari era [[Talmud]]ik, tidak termasuk tulisan rabinik [[abad pertengahan]] maupun modern, dan karenanya sesuai dengan istilah [[bahasa Ibrani]] '''''Sifrut Hazal''''' (ספרות חז"ל; "Literatur orang bijak [kami yang] terpuji kenangannya," di mana ''Hazal'' biasanya merujuk ''hanya'' kepada orang bijak dari era Talmudik). Ini merupakan makna khusus "Literatur Rabinik"—merujuk—merujuk kepada [[Talmud]]im, [[Midrash]] ([[bahasa Ibrani]]: מדרש);, dan tulisan-tulisan terkait, tetapi jarang meliputi teks-teks kemudian—biasanyakemudian—biasanya memang dimaksudkan dalam penulisan akademik kontemporer. Sebaliknya, istilah-istilah '''''meforshim''''' dan '''''parshanim''''' (komentari/komentator) hampir selalu merujuk kepada yang kemudian, yaitu penulis-penulis pasca-Talmudik yang membahas teks-teks Alkitab dan Talmudik.
 
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Di sini dibahas kedua makna '''literatur rabinik''', mulai dari literatur rabinik klasik dari era Talmudik (''Sifrut Hazal''), kemudian ditambah survei luas tulisan-tulisan rabinik dari periode-periode kemudian.
This article discusses '''rabbinic literature''' in both senses. It begins with the classic rabbinic literature of the Talmudic era (''Sifrut Hazal''), and then adds a broad survey of rabbinic writing from later periods.
 
-->
== Literatur Mishnaik ==
[[Mishnah]] dan [[Tosefta]] (kumpulan materi sebelum tahun 200) merupakan karya-karya tertua literatur rabinik yang terlestarikan, menjabarkan dan mengembangkan Hukum Taurat Lisan serta ajaran-ajaran etika. Dari sini muncul dua jenis [[Talmud]]:
Baris 13 ⟶ 12:
Ada pula "traktat-traktat minor" yang merupakan bagian dari Talmud Babilonia
 
== Midrash ==
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[[Midrash]] (pl. ''Midrashim'') is a Hebrew word referring to a method of reading details into, or out of, a [[Hebrew Bible|Biblical]] text. The term ''midrash'' also can refer to a compilation of Midrashic teachings, in the form of legal, exegetical, homiletical, or narrative writing, often configured as a commentary on the [[Bible]] or [[Mishnah]]. There are a large number of "classical" Midrashic works spanning a period from [[Mishnaic]] to [[Geonic]] times, often showing evidence of having been worked and reworked from earlier materials, and frequently coming to us in multiple variants. A compact list of these works [based on {{Harv|Holtz|1984}}] is given below; a more thorough annotated list can be found under [[Midrash]]. The timeline below must be approximate because many of these works were composed over a long span of time, borrowing and collating material from earlier versions; their histories are therefore somewhat uncertain and the subject of scholarly debate. In the table, "n.e." designates that the work in question is not extant except in secondary references.
--?
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:80%"
|+Literatur rabinik ''extra-canonical'' ("n.e." artinya "not extant" atau "tidak terlestarikan")
|-
! '''Perkiraan tarikh''' !! '''Eksegetikal''' !! '''Homiletikal''' !! '''Naratif'''
|-
|
Periode Tannaitik <br>
(sampai 200 M)
|
[[Mekhilta]] <br>
[[Mekilta le-Sefer Devarim]] (n.e.)<br>
[[Sifra]]<br>
[[Sifre]]
|
[[Alfabet Akiba ben Joseph]] (?)<br>
|
[[Seder Olam Rabbah]]
|-
|
400–650 M
|
[[Genesis Rabbah]]<br>
[[Lamentations Rabbah]]
|
[[Leviticus Rabbah]]<br>
[[Pesikta de-Rav Kahana]]<br>
[[Midrash Tanhuma]]
|
[[Seder Olam Zutta]]
|-
|
650–900 M
|
[[Midrash Proverbs]]<br>
[[Ecclesiastes Rabbah]]
|
[[Deuteronomy Rabbah]]<br>
[[Pesikta Rabbati]]<br>
[[Avot of Rabbi Natan]]
|
[[Pirkei de-Rabbi Eliezer]]<br>
[[Tanna Devei Eliyahu]]
|-
|
900–1000 M
|
[[Midrash Psalms]]<br>
[[Exodus Rabbah]]<br>
[[Ruth Zuta]]<br>
[[Lamentations Zuta]]
|
|
|-
|
1000–1200
|
[[Midrash Aggadah]] of [[Moses ha-Darshan]]<br>
[[Midrash Tadshe]]
|
|
[[Sefer haYashar (midrash)|Sefer ha-Yashar]]
|-
|
Selanjutnya
|
[[Yalkut Shimoni]]<br>
[[Midrash ha-Gadol]]<br>
[[Ein Yaakov]]<br>
[[Numbers Rabbah]]
|
|}
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==Later works by category==
 
===Major codes of Jewish law===
{{main|Halakha}}
*[[Mishneh Torah]]
*[[Arba'ah Turim]]
*[[Shulchan Aruch]]
*[[Beit Yosef (book)|Beit Yosef]]
*[[Chayei Adam]]
*The [[Responsa]] literature
 
===Jewish thought and ethics===
*[[Jewish philosophy]]
** [[Philo]]
** [[Isaac Israeli]]{{disambiguation needed|date=July 2012}}
** [[Emunot v'Dayyot]]
** [[Kuzari]]
** [[Guide for the Perplexed]]
** [[Bachya ibn Pakuda]]
** [[Sefer Ikkarim]]
** [[Wars of the Lord]]
** [[Or Adonai]]
*[[Kabbalah]]
** [[Sepher Yetzirah]]
** [[Bahir]]
** [[Zohar]]
** [[Pardes Rimonim]]
** [[Etz Hayim (text)|Etz Hayim]]
*[[Aggada]]
*[[Hasidic thought]]
** [[Tanya]]
** [[Kedushas Levi]]
** [[Likutey Moharan]]
*[[Musar Literature]]
** [[Mesillat Yesharim]]
** [[Yonah Gerondi|Shaarei Teshuva]]
** [[Orchot Tzaddikim]]
** [[Sefer Chasidim]]
 
===Liturgy===
*The [[Siddur]] and [[Jewish liturgy]]
*''[[Piyyut]]im'' (Classical Jewish poetry)
 
==Later works by historical period==
 
===Works of the Geonim===
The [[Geonim]] are the rabbis of Sura and Pumbeditha, in [[Babylon]] (650 - 1250) :
*''She'iltoth of Acha'i [Gaon]''
*''Halachoth Gedoloth''
*''[[Emunoth ve-Deoth]]'' ([[Saadia Gaon]])
*The ''[[Siddur]]'' by Amram Gaon
*[[Responsa]]
 
===Works of the ''Rishonim'' (the "early" rabbinical commentators)===
The [[Rishonim]] are the rabbis of the early medieval period (1000 - 1550)
*The commentaries on the [[Torah]], such as those by [[Rashi]], [[Abraham ibn Ezra]] and [[Nahmanides]].
*Commentaries on the [[Talmud]], principally by [[Rashi]], his grandson [[Samuel ben Meir]] and [[Nissim of Gerona]].
*Talmudic novellae (''[[chiddushim]]'') by [[Tosafists]], [[Nahmanides]], [[Nissim of Gerona]], [[Solomon ben Aderet]] (RaShBA), [[Ritva|Yomtov ben Ashbili]] (Ritva)
*Works of ''[[halakha]]'' ([[Asher ben Yechiel]], [[Mordechai ben Hillel]])
*Codices by [[Maimonides]] and [[Jacob ben Asher]], and finally ''[[Shulkhan Arukh]]''
*[[Responsa]], e.g. by [[Solomon ben Aderet]] (RaShBA)
*[[Kabbalah|Kabbalistic]] works (such as the [[Zohar]])
*Philosophical works ([[Maimonides]], [[Gersonides]], [[Nahmanides]])
*Ethical works ([[Bahya ibn Paquda]], [[Jonah of Gerona]])
 
===Works of the ''Acharonim'' (the "later" rabbinical commentators)===
The [[Acharonim]] are the rabbis from 1550 to the present day.
*Important [[Torah]] commentaries include ''Keli Yakar'' ([[Shlomo Ephraim Luntschitz]]), ''Ohr ha-Chayim'' by [[Chayim ben-Attar]], the commentary of [[Samson Raphael Hirsch]], and the commentary of [[Naftali Zvi Yehuda Berlin]].
*Important works of [[Talmud]]ic novellae include: ''[[Pnei Yehoshua]]'', ''Hafla'ah'', ''Sha'agath Aryei''
*Responsa, e.g. by [[Moses Sofer]], [[Moshe Feinstein]]
*Works of ''[[halakha]]'' and [[codices]] e.g. ''[[Mishnah Berurah]]'' by [[Yisrael Meir Kagan]] and the ''[[Yechiel Michel Epstein#Aruch ha-Shulchan|Aruch ha-Shulchan]]'' by [[Yechiel Michel Epstein]]
*Ethical and philosophical works: [[Moshe Chaim Luzzatto]], [[Yisrael Meir Kagan]] and the [[Mussar Movement]]
*[[Hasidic Judaism|Hasidic]] works (''Kedushath Levi'', ''Sefath Emmeth'', ''Shem mi-Shemuel'')
*Philosophical/metaphysical works (the works of the [[Maharal of Prague]], [[Moshe Chaim Luzzatto]] and ''Nefesh ha-Chayim'' by [[Chaim Volozhin|Chaim of Volozhin]])
*Mystical works
*Historical works, e.g. ''Shem ha-Gedolim'' by [[Chaim Joseph David Azulai]].
-->
==Meforshim==<!-- This section is linked from [[Aryeh Kaplan]] -->
''Meforshim'' adalah kata [[bahasa Ibrani]] yang berarti "komentator-komentator (rabinik klasik)" (atau arti kasarnya "[[Eksegesis|eksegetes]]"), dan digunakan sebagai pengganti kata yang tepat '''perushim''' yang berarti "komentari-komentari" (tafsir-tafsir). Dalam [[Yudaisme]] istilah ini merujuk kepada komentari-komentari mengenai [[Taurat]] (kelima kitab [[Musa]]), [[Tanakh]], [[Mishnah]], [[Talmud]], [[responsa]], bahkan [[siddur]] (kitab doa Yahudi), dan lain-lain.
Baris 239 ⟶ 85:
=== Umum ===
* [http://ohr.edu/judaism/survey/survey.htm Sebuah survey literatur rabinik]
* [http://hillel.myjewishlearning.com/texts/about_jewish_texts/What_Are_Jewish_Texts/Timeline50.htm Suatu garis waktu teks-teks Yahudi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050312045319/http://hillel.myjewishlearning.com/texts/about_jewish_texts/What_Are_Jewish_Texts/Timeline50.htm |date=2005-03-12 }}
* [http://www.digento.de/zusatz/101413_01 Comprehensive listing by category - Global Jewish Database] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311031116/http://www.digento.de/zusatz/101413_01 |date=2007-03-11 }}
* [http://www.virtualgeula.com/archival/eng/cat-ti-e.htm#BB Judaica archival project] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050209182706/http://www.virtualgeula.com/archival/eng/cat-ti-e.htm#BB |date=2005-02-09 }}
* [http://www.authorama.com/chapters-on-jewish-literature-1.html Chapters On Jewish Literature]
* [http://www.rabbinics.org Online Resources for the Study of Rabbinic Literature]
Baris 250 ⟶ 96:
* [http://www.halachabrura.org/alephlink.htm Halacha Brura and Birur Halacha Institute]
* [http://www.eparsha.com/ The Electronic Torah Warehouse]
* [http://hebrewbooks.org/search.asp hebrewbooks.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060206151904/http://www.hebrewbooks.org/search.asp |date=2006-02-06 }}
* [http://www.seforimonline.org/ seforimonline.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090831082323/http://www.seforimonline.org/ |date=2009-08-31 }}
* [http://hsf.bgu.ac.il/cjt/files/links.html#sources Primary Sources @ Ben Gurion University] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514004359/http://hsf.bgu.ac.il/cjt/files/links.html#sources |date=2011-05-14 }}
* [http://www.yiwoodmere.org/library/cybrary/talmud.html Young Israel library] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130314121036/http://www.yiwoodmere.org/library/cybrary/talmud.html |date=2013-03-14 }}
 
=== Kamus ===
* [http://www.indiana.edu/~letrs/help-services/QuickGuides/bar-ilan/judaicglossary.html Kamus Yudaisme]
* [http://www.jtsa.edu/library/guides/history.shtml Sources@JTS] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060131130344/http://www.jtsa.edu/library/guides/history.shtml |date=2006-01-31 }}
* [http://yucs.org/~jyuter/notes/glossary.html Kamus/Bibliografi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716183912/http://yucs.org/~jyuter/notes/glossary.html |date=2012-07-16 }}
 
{{Literatur Rabinik}}
Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Literatur_Rabinik"