Migrasi ke Xinjiang: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{periksa terjemahan|en|Migration to Xinjiang}}
'''Migrasi Xinjiang''' adalah sebuah gerakan orang-orang yang terjadi pada masa lalu dan masa kini, yang
== Latar belakang ==
[[Berkas:Xinjiang regions simplified.png|
[[Berkas:Xinjiang regions.png|
[[Berkas:Altai, Tienschan-Orte.png|
[[Xinjiang]] terdiri dari dua wilayah utama yang berbeda secara geografi, sejarah, dan etnis, [[Dzungaria]] di utara Pegunungan Tianshan dan [[Cekungan Tarim]] di selatan Pegunungan Tianshan, sebelum [[dinasti Qing|Qing Tiongkok]] menyatukannya dalam satu entitas politik yang bernama provinsi [[Xinjiang]] pada 1884. Pada masa penaklukan Qing pada 1759, Dzungaria ditinggali oleh para pemukim stepa, [[suku Dzungar]] [[Mongol Oriat]] [[Buddha Tibetan]] nomadik, sementara Cekungan Tarim
Dinasti Qing makin sadar akan perbedaan antara bekas wilayah Buddhis Mongol di utara Tiansan dan Muslim Turkic di selatan Tianshan, dan mula-mula mereka diperintah dalam unit administratif terpisah.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=FW8SBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA69#v=onepage&q&f=false Liu & Faure 1996], p. 69.</ref> Namun, bangsa Qing mulai berpikir untuk menjadikan kedua kawasan tersebut sebagai satu wilayah khas yang disebut Xinjiang .<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=FW8SBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA70#v=onepage&q&f=false Liu & Faure 1996], p. 70.</ref> Konsep Xinjiang sebagai satu identitas geografi khas dibuat oleh Qing dan aslinya bukan penduduk asli yang memandangnya demikian, namun lebih sebagai sudut pandang yang dipegang orang-orang Tiongkok.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=FW8SBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA67#v=onepage&q&f=false Liu & Faure 1996], p. 67.</ref> Pada masa pemerintahan Qing, tidak ada "identitas regional" yang dipegang oleh orang Xinjiang biasa, selain, identitas khas Xinjiang yang diberikan kepada wilayah tersebut oleh Qing, meskipun keduanya memiliki geografi, sejarah dan budaya yang terpisah, namun pada waktu yang sama dibuat oleh Tiongkok, menjadi multietnis, ditinggal oleh Han dan Hui, dan terpisah dari Asia Tengah selama lebih dari satu setengah abad.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=FW8SBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA77#v=onepage&q&f=false Liu & Faure 1996], p. 77.</ref>
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Xinjiang Selatan di bawah Tianshan memiliki koloni-koloni militer yang didirikan oleh dinasti Han.<ref>{{cite book|author=S. Frederick Starr|title=Xinjiang: China's Muslim Borderland|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GXj4a3gss8wC&pg=PA243#v=onepage&q&f=false|date=15 March 2004|publisher=M.E. Sharpe|isbn=978-0-7656-3192-3|pages=243–}}</ref>
Para sejarawan nasionalis Uighur seperti [[Turghun Almas]] mengklaim bahwa Uighur terpisah dan merdeka dari Tiongkok selama 6000 tahun, dan bahwa seluruh orang non-Uighur adalah imigran non-pribumi di Xinjiang.<ref name="Bovingdon30">{{harvnb|Bovingdon|2010|pp=25, 30–31}}</ref> Namun, [[Dinasti Han]] (206 SM–220 M) mendirikan koloni militer ([[tuntian]]) dan pengkomandanan ([[duhufu]]) untuk menguasai Xinjiang dari 120 SM, sementara [[Dinasti Tang]] (618-907) juga mengusai sebagian besar wilayah Xinjiang sampai [[pemberontakan An Lushan]].<ref name="Bovingdon25">{{harvnb|Bovingdon|2010|pp=25–26}}</ref> Para sejarawan Tiongkok membantah klaim-klaim nasionalis Uighur dengan memberikan bukti sejarah 2000 tahun dari pemukiman Han di Xinjiang, mendokumentasikan sejarah [[Mongol di Tiongkok|Mongol]], [[orang Kazakh|Kazakh]], [[orang Uzbek|Uzbek]], [[orang Manchu|Manchu]], [[orang Hui|Hui]], [[orang Xibo|Xibo]] di Xinjiang, dan menyatakan tentang "migrasi kawasan barat" orang [[Huigu]] (dianggap sama dengan "Uighur" oleh pemerintah RRT) dari [[Mongolia]] pada abad ke-9.<ref name="Bovingdon30"/>
== Referensi ==
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