Máxima dari Belanda: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Baris 1:
{{Infobox royalty
|consort
|name
|image
|caption
|succession
|reign
|reign-type = Periode
|predecessor = [[Pangeran Claus dari Belanda|Claus dari Amsberg]]
|full name
|birth_date
|birth_place
|nationality
|spouse
|issue = {{bulleted list
|father
|mother
|standard_img = Standard of Crown Princess Maxima of the Netherlands.png
|standard_alt = Lambang Putri Mahkota Máxima dari Belanda
|religion
|succession1=[[Putri Oranye]]|reign-type1=Periode|reign1=2 Februari 2002 - 30 April 2013<br>({{age in years and days|2002|2|2|2013|4|30}})|predecessor1=[[Pangeran Claus dari Belanda|Pangeran Claus]] sebagai pasangan Putri Oranye}}
{{Keluarga Kerajaan Belanda}}
'''
== Kehidupan awal dan pendidikan ==
Ia terlahir dengan nama ''Máxima Zorreguieta'', lahir di [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]], pada tanggal 17 Mei 1971.
Dia belajar di ''Northlands School'' di Argentina dan bekerja sebagai [[Perbankan investasi|bankir investasi]] sebelum lulus dengan gelar di bidang [[ekonomi]] dari ''Universidad Católica Argentina'' pada tahun 1995. Dia kemudian bekerja untuk perusahaan [[keuangan]] besar internasional di [[Argentina]], [[New York]] dan [[Eropa]].<ref>
Melalui ayahnya dia adalah keturunan dari Raja [[Afonso III dari Portugal]] dan banyak keluarga bangsawan di [[Semenanjung Iberia]].
== Hubungan dengan Pangeran Willem-Alexander ==
Máxima bertemu
Kabar mengenai hubungan dan rencana pernikahan mereka akhirnya menimbulkan kontroversi di [[Belanda]], karena keterlibatan ayah Máxima sebagai menteri kabinet selama rezim [[Presiden Argentina]], [[Jorge Rafael Videla]] yang melakukan kekejaman terhadap warga sipil dan menyebabkan banyak orang hilang dan tewas.<ref>Ayah Máxima, Jorge Zorreguieta, pernah menjadi Menteri Pertanian selama rezim mantan [[Presiden Argentina]] [[Jorge Rafael Videla]], seorang [[diktator]] militer yang memerintah Argentina 1976-1981 dan yang bertanggung jawab atas banyak [[wiktionary:atrocity|kekejaman]] terhadap warga sipil. 10.000-30.000 orang diperkirakan hilang selama pemerintahan Videla dan rezim militer berikutnya sebelum [[demokrasi]] dipulihkan ke Argentina pada tahun 1983. Zorreguieta menyatakan bahwa, sebagai seorang warga sipil, ia menyadari "[[Perang Kotor]]" ketika dia menjadi menteri kabinet.</ref> Namun, menurut penelitian Michiel Baud, seorang profesor Belanda. Menetapkan bahwa ayah Máxima itu tidak secara langsung terlibat dengan banyak kematian selama periode itu.<ref>[http://www.noticias.nl/zr_baud_maart01.html Human rights: Zorreguieta vs.humanrights] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090119043936/http://www.noticias.nl/zr_baud_maart01.html |date=2009-01-19 }}, March 2001.</ref>
== Kewarganegaraan ganda ==
Máxima diberikan kewarganegaraan Belanda lewat [[dekret|Dekret Kerajaan]] pada tanggal 17 Mei 2001. Putri Máxima memiliki kewarganegaraan ganda: Argentina dan Belanda.<ref>[http://www.rnw.nl/nederlands/article/ook-beatrix-heeft-dubbele-nationaliteit Ook Beatrix heeft dubbele nationaliteit] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130417110414/http://www.rnw.nl/nederlands/article/ook-beatrix-heeft-dubbele-nationaliteit |date=2013-04-17 }}, ''(Queen Beatrix also has dual citizenship)'', [[Radio Netherlands Worldwide]], 6 March 2007.</ref>
== Pernikahan ==
Pasangan ini mengumumkan pertunangan mereka pada tanggal 30 Maret 2001. Putri Máxima berbicara dengan fasih dalam [[bahasa Belanda]] selama siaran langsung saat acara pertunangan.<ref>[http://www.koninklijkhuis.nl/english/Special_pages/Royal_Wedding_2002/Royal_wedding_2_2_2002/Engagement_period/Engagement_period.html Engagement period] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110622065759/http://www.koninklijkhuis.nl/english/Special_pages/Royal_Wedding_2002/Royal_wedding_2_2_2002/Engagement_period/Engagement_period.html |date=2011-06-22 }}, Royal Wedding 2002.</ref>
== Anak ==
*
*
*
Nama kedua dari ketiga putri mereka diambil dari nama
== Tanda Kehormatan ==
[[Berkas:Royal Standard of Máxima of Orange-Nassau.svg|150px|jmpl|pus|Lambang Kerajaan Ratu Maxima]]
=== Dalam Negeri ===
* {{flag|Belanda}} :
** [[File:NLD Order of the Dutch Lion - Grand Cross BAR.png|70px]] Knight Grand Cross of the [[Orde Singa Belanda|Order of the Netherlands Lion]] (2 Februari 2002)
** [[File:NLD Order of the House of Orange - Grand Cross BAR.svg|70px]] Grand Cross of the [[:en:Order of the House of Orange|Order of the House of Orange]] (6 Mei 2021)
** [[File:Royal_Wedding_Medal_2002.gif|70px]] [[:en:Orders, decorations, and medals of the Netherlands|Wedding Medal of Prince Willem-Alexander to Maxima Zorruigeta]]
** [[File:King Willem-Alexander Investiture Medal 2013 - ribbon.svg|70px]] [[:en:Orders, decorations, and medals of the Netherlands#Commemorative medals and awards for skill|King Willem-Alexander Inauguration Medal]] (30 April 2013)
=== Luar Negeri ===
* {{flag|Austria}} :
** [[File:AUT Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria - 1st Class BAR.png|70px]] Grand Star of the [[:en:Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria|Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria]] (27 Juni 2022)
* {{flag|Belgia}} :
** [[File:Grand Crest Ordre de Leopold.png|70px]] Grand Cordon of the [[:en:Order of Leopold (Belgium)|Order of Leopold]]
** [[File:BEL Kroonorde Grootkruis BAR.png|70px]] Grand Cross [[Orde Mahkota (Belgia)|Order of the Crown]]
* {{flag|Brazil}} :
** [[File:BRA - Order of the Southern Cross - Grand Cross BAR.svg|70px]] Grand Cross of the [[:en:Order of the Southern Cross|Order of the Southern Cross]]
* {{flag|Brunei}} :
** [[File:Family Order of Laila Utama of Brunei ribbon bar.png|70px]] [[Darjah Kerabat Laila Utama|Darjah Kerabat Laila Utama Yang Amat Dihormati]] (DK) (21 Januari 2013)
* {{Flag|Chile}} :
** [[Berkas:CHL Order of Merit of Chile - Grand Cross BAR.svg|70px]] Grand Cross of the [[:en:Order of Merit (Chile)|Order of Merit]]
* {{Flag|Denmark}} :
** [[Berkas:Order of the Elephant Ribbon bar.svg|70px]] Knight of the [[:en:Order of the Elephant|Order of the Elephant]] (RE)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kongehuset.dk/modtagere-af-danske-dekorationer|title=Modtagere af danske dekorationer|website=kongehuset.dk|date=12 December 2017|access-date=29 January 2019|language=da}}</ref>
* {{flag|Estonia}} :
** [[File:EST Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana - 1st Class BAR.svg|70px]] Member 1st Class of the [[:en:Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana|Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana]] (5 Juni 2018)<ref>Estonian Presidency, [https://www.president.ee/en/estonia/decorations/bearer/19742/kuningas-willem-alexander Estonian State Decorations] (''Estonian'') - Willem-Alexander Hollandi kuningas</ref>
* {{flag|Italia}} :
** [[File:ITA OMRI 2001 GC BAR.svg|70px]] Knight Grand Cross of the [[:en:Order of Merit of the Italian Republic|Order of Merit of the Italian Republic]] (OMRI)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.quirinale.it/elementi/DettaglioOnorificenze.aspx?decorato=346765|language=it
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180204163242/http://www.quirinale.it/elementi/DettaglioOnorificenze.aspx?decorato=346765|url-status=dead|title=Le onorificenze della Repubblica Italiana|archivedate=4 February 2018|accessdate=28 March 2023}}</ref>
* {{flag|Jepang}} :
** [[File:JPN Hokan-sho 1Class BAR.svg|70px]] Grand Cordon (''Paulownia'') of the [[Orde Mahkota Berharga|Order of the Precious Crown]]
* {{flag|Jerman}} :
** [[File:GER Bundesverdienstkreuz 9 Sond des Grosskreuzes.svg|70px]] Grand Cross Special Class of the [[:en:Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany|Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany]] (5 Juli 2021)
** [[File:GER Bundesverdienstkreuz 7 Grosskreuz.svg|70px]] Grand Cross 1st Class of the [[:en:Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany|Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany]] (8 Oktober 2007)
* {{Flag|Korea Selatan}} :
** [[File:Order of Diplomatic Service Merit (Class 1) Grand Gwanghwa Medal ribbon.gif|70px]] Grand Gwanghwa Medal of the [[:en:Order of Diplomatic Service Merit|Order of Diplomatic Service Merit]] (12 Desember 2023)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.koninklijkhuis.nl/foto-en-video/inkomende-staatsbezoeken/president-van-republiek-korea-december-2023/ | title=President van de Republiek Korea, december 2023 - Foto en video - Het Koninklijk Huis | date=12 December 2023 }}</ref><ref>https://twitter.com/koninklijkhuis/status/1734673826934378597/photo/2/</ref>
* {{flag|Latvia}} :
** [[File:LVA Order of the Three Stars - Commander BAR.png|70px]] Commander Grand Cross of the [[:en:Order of the Three Stars|Order of the Three Stars]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vestnesis.lv/op/2018/115.1|title=Par Triju Zvaigžņu ordeņa piešķiršanu - Latvijas Vēstnesis|last=vestnesis.lv|website=www.vestnesis.lv|language=lv|access-date=11 June 2018}}</ref>
* {{flag|Lithuania}} :
** [[File:LTU Order for Merits to Lithuania - Grand Cross BAR.svg|70px]] Grand Cross of the [[:en:Order for Merits to Lithuania|Order for Merits to Lithuania]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lrp.lt/en/press-centre/press-releases/royal-visit-crowns-lithuanian-dutch-friendship/30211|title=State visit to Lithuania|access-date=28 March 2023}}</ref>
* {{flag|Luksemburg}} :
** [[File:Ord.Lion.Nassau.jpg|70px]] Knight of the [[Orde Singa Emas Wangsa Nassau|Order of the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vanitatis.elconfidencial.com/casas-reales/2018-05-24/maxima-holanda-cena-duques-luxemburgo-tiara-reina-juliana_1568308/|title=La reina Máxima estrena la tiara Stuart en una cena de gala en Luxemburgo|first=Jose|last=Madrid|date=24 May 2018|website=vanitatis.elconfidencial.com|accessdate=28 March 2023}}</ref>
** [[File:LUX Ordre de Mérite civil et militaire d'Adolphe de Nassau - Grand-croix BAR.svg|70px]] Grand Cross of the [[:en:Order of Adolphe of Nassau|Order of Civil and Military Merit of Adolph of Nassau]]
* {{flag|Mexico}} :
** [[File:MEX Order of the Aztec Eagle 1Class BAR.png|70px]] Sash of the [[:en:Order of the Aztec Eagle|Mexican Order of the Aztec Eagle]]<ref>[http://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5116646&fecha=02/11/2009 Official decree] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130723030431/http://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5116646&fecha=02%2F11%2F2009 |date=23 July 2013 }}, 2 November 2009</ref>
* {{flag|Norwegia}} :
** [[File:St Olavs Orden storkors stripe.svg|70px]] Grand Cross of the Royal Norwegian [[:en:Order of St. Olav|Order of St. Olav]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kongehuset.no/tildelinger.html?tid=28028&sek=27995&q=M%E1xima&type=&aarstall=|archive-url=https://archive.today/20131031142242/http://www.kongehuset.no/tildelinger.html?tid=28028&sek=27995&q=M%E1xima&type=&aarstall=|url-status=dead|archive-date=2013-10-31|title=Kongehuset|accessdate=19 May 2023}}</ref>
* {{flag|Oman}} :
** [[File:Order of Sultan Qaboos First Class.gif|70px]] Member 1st Class of the [[:en:Order of Sultan Qaboos|Order of Sultan Qaboos]]
* {{flag|Perancis}} :
** [[File:Legion Honneur GC ribbon.svg|70px]] Grand Cross of the National [[:en:Legion of Honour|Order of the Legion of Honour]] (11 April 2023)<ref>[https://www.koninklijkhuis.nl/onderwerpen/staatsbezoeken/inkomende-staatsbezoeken/president-frankrijk/dinsdag-11-april Staatsbezoek president Frankrijk: Dinsdag 11 april, Amsterdam en Den Haag] - website of the Dutch royal house</ref>
** [[File:FRA Grand Cross of National Order of Merit Ribbon Bar.png|70px]] Grand Cross of the [[:en:Ordre national du Mérite|National Order of Merit]] (20 Januari 2014)<ref>[http://www.telegraaf.nl/binnenland/22226644/__Koning_krijgt_onderscheiding__.html Koning krijgt grootkruis van Legioen van Eer] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140123060401/http://www.telegraaf.nl/binnenland/22226644/__Koning_krijgt_onderscheiding__.html |date=23 January 2014 }} - website ''[[De Telegraaf]]''</ref>
* {{Flag|Polandia}} :
** [[File:POL Order Orła Białego BAR.svg|70px]] Knight of the [[:en:Order of the White Eagle (Poland)|Order of the White Eagle]]
* {{flag|Portugal}} :
** [[File:PRT Order of Prince Henry - Grand Collar BAR.svg|70px]] Grand Collar of the [[:en:Order of Prince Henry|Order of Prince Henry]] (GCollH)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ordens.presidencia.pt/?idc=154&list=1|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117004213/http://www.ordens.presidencia.pt/?idc=154&list=1|url-status=dead|title=ENTIDADES ESTRANGEIRAS AGRACIADAS COM ORDENS PORTUGUESAS - Página Oficial das Ordens Honoríficas Portuguesas|archivedate=17 January 2013|website=www.ordens.presidencia.pt|accessdate=28 March 2023}}</ref>
* {{flag|Slowakia}} :
** [[File:SVK Rad Bieleho Dvojkriza 1 triedy BAR.svg|70px]] Member 1st Class of the [[:en:Order of the White Double Cross|Order of the White Double Cross]] (7 Maret 2023)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.prezident.sk/article/holandsky-kralovsky-par-pricestoval-na-navstevu-slovenska/|title=Holandský kráľovský pár pricestoval na návštevu Slovenska|website=Prezidentka Slovenskej republiky|date=7 March 2023 |accessdate=28 March 2023}}</ref>
* {{flag|Spanyol}} :
** [[File:ESP Charles III Order GC.svg|70px]] Dame Grand Cross of the Royal and Distinguished Spanish [[:en:Order of Charles III|Order of Charles III]] (26 Maret 2024)<ref>https://www.boe.es/boe/dias/2024/03/27/pdfs/BOE-A-2024-6172.pdf</ref>
** [[File:ESP Isabella Catholic Order GC.svg|70px]] Dame Grand Cross of the [[:en:Order of Isabella the Catholic|Order of Isabella the Catholic]] (19 Oktober 2001)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.boe.es/boe/dias/2001/10/20/pdfs/A38632-38632.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304102819/http://www.boe.es/boe/dias/2001/10/20/pdfs/A38632-38632.pdf|url-status=dead|title=Boletín Oficial del Estado|archivedate=4 March 2016|accessdate=28 March 2023}}</ref>
* {{flag|Swedia}} :
** [[Berkas:Order of the Seraphim - Ribbon bar.svg|70px]] Member of the [[Orde Serafim|Royal Order of the Seraphim]] (LSerafO) (11 Oktober 2022)<ref name="kungahuset">{{cite web|url=https://www.kungahuset.se/english/archive/news/2022-10-13-state-visit-from-the-netherlands|title=State visit from the Netherlands|date=13 October 2022|website=Kungahuset|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230725132313/https://www.kungahuset.se/english/archive/news/2022-10-13-state-visit-from-the-netherlands|archive-date=25 July 2023|access-date=13 October 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>
**[[File:Order of the Polar Star (after 1975) - Commander Grand Cross.svg|70px]] Commander Grand Cross of the Royal [[:en:Order of the Polar Star|Order of the Polar Star]] (KmstkNO) (21 April 2009)<ref name="kungahuset"/>
* {{flag|Tanjung Verde}} :
** [[File:Medal of Merit (First Class) Cape Verde.jpg|70px]] 1st Class of the Medal of Merit
* {{flag|Uni Emirat Arab}} :
**[[File:Order of Union Sash.gif|70px]] Grand Cordon of the Order of Unity<ref>[http://www.mofa.gov.ae/mofa_english/portal/42ecc95b-fb75-4066-b7fd-c03dd28ea209.aspx H.H Sheikh Khalifa welcomes HM Queen Beatrix of Netherlands] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130429030344/http://www.mofa.gov.ae/mofa_english/portal/42ecc95b-fb75-4066-b7fd-c03dd28ea209.aspx |date=29 April 2013 }} - website of the UAE Ministry of Foreign Affairs</ref>
* {{flag|Yordania}} :
** [[File:JOR Order of the Renaissance GC.SVG|70px]] Grand Cordon of the [[:en:Supreme Order of the Renaissance|Supreme Order of the Renaissance]] (20 Maret 2018)
* {{flag|Yunani}} :
** [[File:GRE Order Redeemer 1Class.svg|70px]] Grand Cross of the [[:en:Order of the Redeemer|Order of the Redeemer]] (31 Oktober 2022)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.presidency.gr/?tpent|title=Προεδρία της Ελληνικής Δημοκρατίας|access-date=28 March 2023|language=Greek}}</ref>
== Referensi ==
Baris 57 ⟶ 127:
== Pranala luar ==
{{Commons category|Queen Máxima of the Netherlands}}
* {{en}} [http://www.koninklijkhuis.nl/english/Who_s_who/Princess_Maxima.html Princess Maxima] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101218065843/http://koninklijkhuis.nl/english/Who_s_who/Princess_Maxima.html |date=2010-12-18 }} di situs web The Dutch Royal House
* {{en}} [http://www.reinamaxima.com/ Reina Maxima- Biography, news, fashion,etc about Princess Maxima] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127174703/https://www.reinamaxima.com/ |date=2020-11-27 }}
* {{en}} [http://www.wargs.com/royal/maxima.html Ancestry of Maxima Zorreguieta (b. 1971)]
* {{en}} [http://pages.prodigy.net/ptheroff/gotha/netherlands.html Royal House of the Netherlands] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090409013136/http://pages.prodigy.net/ptheroff/gotha/netherlands.html |date=2009-04-09 }}
* {{en}} [http://www.royalimages.nl/search.pp?specialid=494&flush=1 Galeri foto Ratu Maxima di Royal Images]{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
{{lifetime|1971||Maxima, Ratu dari Belanda}}
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