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Jalur kereta api Addis Ababa–Jibuti: Perbedaan antara revisi

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Baris 17:
| status = Layanan dalam percobaan
| locale =
| start = [[Sebeta]], EthiopiaEtiopia
| end = [[Port of Doraleh]], DjiboutiJibuti
| stations =
| routes =
| daily_ridership =
| ridership2 =
| open = {{Start date|df=yes|5 Oktober 2016}} (Ethiopia)<br />{{Start date|df=yes|10 Januari 2017}} (DjiboutiJibuti)
| event1label =
| event1 =
Baris 48:
| routenumber =
| linenumber =
| electrification = [[Jaringan Listrik Aliranaliran Atasatas]] 25 kV AC
| speed_km/h = 160
| speed_mph =
Baris 83:
{{BS|BHF||[[Ali Sabieh]]}}
{{BS|BHF||[[Holhol]]}}
{{BS|BHF||[[NagadStasiun railwaykereta stationapi Nagad|Nagad]] - [[DjiboutiKota CityJibuti]]}}
{{BS|KDSTe||[[Port of Doraleh]]}}
}}
| map_state = show
}}
'''Jalur Keretakereta Apiapi Addis Ababa–DjiboutiAbaba–Jibuti''' adalah [[transportasi rel|jalur kereta api]] internasional dengan [[sepur standar]] yang menghubungkan [[Addis Ababa]] dengan pelabuhan [[DjiboutiJibuti]] di [[Teluk Aden]],<ref>{{cite news|title= Ethiopia – Djibouti high speed railway finally completed|publisher=CGTN|date=17 January 2017|url= http://africa.cgtn.com/2017/01/10/44393/}}</ref> menyediakan akses jalur kereta api menuju laut bagi [[negara terkurung daratan|daratan terkurung]] [[Ethiopia]]. Lebih dari 95% dari perdagangan EthiopiaEtiopia melalui DjiboutiJibuti, mencapai 70% dari aktivitas di pelabuhan DjiboutiJibuti.<ref name="ap2016">{{cite news|last1=Meseret|first1=Elias|title=Ethiopia's new coastal rail link runs through restive region|url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/541fbd8c7bd041ecafeff0058ea25b97/ethiopias-new-coastal-rail-link-runs-through-restive-region|agency=Associated Press|date=5 October 2016|access-date=2017-03-07|archive-date=2016-10-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009204153/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/541fbd8c7bd041ecafeff0058ea25b97/ethiopias-new-coastal-rail-link-runs-through-restive-region|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Maasho|first1=Aaron|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/12/17/ethiopia-railway-idUSL6E7NH07M20111217|agency=Reuters|date=17 December 2011|title=Ethiopia signs Djibouti railway deal with China|quote=Ethiopia and Djibouti's economies are reliant on each other with about 70 percent of all trade through Djibouti's port coming from its land-locked neighbour.|access-date=2017-03-07|archive-date=2015-11-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151124095424/http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/12/17/ethiopia-railway-idUSL6E7NH07M20111217|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Jalur kereta api dengan sepur standar ini menggantikan [[Jalur Kereta Api Ethio-DjiboutiJibuti]] yang diabaikan, sebuah [[jalur kereta api dengan lebar rel 1000 mm]] (''metre gauge railway'') yang dibangun oleh [[PerancisPrancis]] antara tahun 1894 dan 1917.<ref name="ft2013">{{cite news|last1=Blas|first1=Javier|title=Chinese investment triggers new era of east African rail building|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/24bc5ae6-5756-11e3-b615-00144feabdc0.html|agency=ThHe Financial Times|date=27 November 2013|quote=This line, whose building started several months ago, runs parallel to the abandoned Imperial Railway Company of Ethiopia track built between 1894 and 1917.}}</ref>
 
Jalur baru dibangun antara 2011 dan 2016 oleh [[China Railway Group Limited|China Railway Group]] dan [[China Civil Engineering Construction Corporation]]. Pembiayaan untuk jalur baru disediakan oleh [[Exim Bank of China]], [[China Development Bank]], dan [[Industrial and Commercial Bank of China]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Maasho|first1=Aaron|title=Ethiopia signs Djibouti railway deal with China|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/12/17/ethiopia-railway-idUSL6E7NH07M20111217|agency=Reuters|date=17 December 2011|quote=CCECC and China Railway Engineering Corporation (CREC) have won tenders for other sections of the 656-kilometre build. Those companies have brokered loans for Ethiopia from China's EXIM Bank, Development Bank of China and the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC), Getachew said.|access-date=2017-03-07|archive-date=2015-11-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151124095424/http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/12/17/ethiopia-railway-idUSL6E7NH07M20111217|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Total {{US$|4}} miliar diinvestasikan untuk jalur kereta api ini.<ref>{{cite news|title=Chinese-built railway helps propel Ethiopia's industrialization drive|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2016-10/02/c_135729064.htm|date=2 October 2016}}</ref>
 
Layanan percobaan dimulai pada Oktober 2016, dan layanan reguler diharapkan dimulai pada tahun 2017.<ref>{{cite news|title=Ethiopia: Addis Ababa-Djibouti Railway to Start Trial Service|url=http://www.2merkato.com/news/alerts/4789-ethiopia-addis-ababa-djibouti-railway-to-start-trial-service|work=www.2merkato.com|date=29 September 2016}}</ref> Seksi Ethiopia diresmikan pada tanggal 5 Oktober 2016, dan seksi DjiboutiJibuti diresmikan pada tanggal 10 Januari 2017.<ref>{{cite news|title=Djibouti-Ethiopia Railway Officially Inaugurated|date=11 January 2017|journal=Awramba Times|url=http://www.awrambatimes.com/?p=15864|access-date=11 January 2017}}</ref> Jalur kereta api ini telah mengurangi waktu transit kargo dari 3 hari melalui jalan raya menjadi 12 jam melalui kereta api.<ref>{{cite news|title=Ethiopia: Addis Ababa-Djibouti Railway Officially Completed, Creating High Speed Link Between Djibouti and Ethiopia|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201701100050.html|work=Djibouti Ports and Free Zones Authority (Djibouti)|date=10 January 2017}}</ref>
 
== Rute ==
Sebagian besar panjang relnya berjalan sejajar dengan [[Jalur Kereta Api Ethio-DjiboutiJibuti]] [[jalur kereta api dengan lebar rel 1000 mm|dengan lebar rel 1000 mm]] (''metre gauge'') yang diabaikan.<ref name="ft2013"/> Namun, jalur kereta api sepur standar ini dibangun pada [[Hak pembangunan jalan (transportasi)|hak pembangunan jalan]] yang baru dan lebih lurus yang memungkinkannya untuk mencapai kecepatan yang jauh lebih tinggi. Stasiun-stasiun baru telah dibangun di luar pusat kota, dan stasiun lama dinonaktifkan.<ref name="washingtonpost2016">{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/africa/ethiopia-has-a-lot-riding-on-its-new-chinese-built-railroad-to-the-sea/2016/10/03/c069d4da-84be-11e6-b57d-dd49277af02f_story.html|title=Ethiopia has a lot riding on its new, Chinese-built railroad to the sea|website=Washington Post|access-date=4 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Vaughan|first1=Jenny|title=China's Latest Ethiopian Railway Project Shows Their Growing Global Influence|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/chinas-global-influence-is-growing-2013-3|agency=Agence France Presse|date=10 March 2013|quote=But he said that if the old train ceases to operate, it will be a great loss for Ethiopia and for Dire Dawa, the commercial town in northeastern Ethiopia where the main train station and workshops were headquartered. The new station is slated to be built just outside Dire Dawa, a town renowned for its French atmosphere. "Dire Dawa will suffer," said Josef, who is now the director of the French cultural centre in the city. The train station -- known locally as "la gare" -- and the workshops still stand, unused for years.}}</ref>
 
Jalur ini memiliki trek ganda untuk 115&nbsp;km pertama dari [[Sebeta]] ke [[Adama]], dan trek tunggal dari Adama menuju lautan.<ref>{{cite news|title=China's CREC to complete section of Ethiopia's key railway project|url=http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/world/2015-05/19/content_20765109.htm|agency=Xinhua|publisher=China Daily USA|date=19 May 2015|quote=The Sebeta/Addis Ababa-Mieso railway project covers a total length of 329.145 km. The Ababa-Adama section is a double track with 114.73 km length while the Adama-Mieso is a single track covering 214.145 km.}}</ref>
 
== Sejarah ==
Pada tahun 2011, ''Ethiopian Railway Corporation'' memberikan kontrak kepada dua [[Daftar Badan Usaha Milik Negara di Tiongkok|BUMN Tiongkok]] untuk pembangunan sebuah jalur kereta api [[sepur standar]] baru dari [[Addis Ababa]] ke perbatasan Jibuti. Sepanjang 320&nbsp;km membentang dari [[Sebeta]] ke Mieso diberikan kepada [[China Railway Group Limited|China Railway Group]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Chinese, Ethiopian firms sign railway project deal|url=http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/world/2011-10/26/content_13978134.htm|agency=Xinhua|publisher=China Daily USA|date=26 October 2011|quote=The Ethiopian Railway Corporation and the China Railway Group Limited (CREC) on Tuesday signed an accord that enables the latter to construct railways that runs from Sebeta town, some 25 km away from Addis Ababa up to Mieso town in the east of Addis Ababa. The total distance of the railway project covers some 320 kms, according to the Ethiopian Railway Corporation (ERC).}}</ref> dan seksi 339&nbsp;km dari Mieso ke perbatasan Jibuti diberikan kepada [[China Civil Engineering Construction|China Civil Engineering Construction Corporation]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Berhane|first1=Daniel|title=Second Chinese company signs up for Ethio-Djibouti rail route|url=http://hornaffairs.com/en/2011/12/18/second-chinese-company-signs-up-for-ethio-djibouti-rail-route/|website=Horn Affairs - English|date=18 December 2011|quote=China Civil Engineering Construction Cooperation (CCECC) signed an agreement on Friday for the construction of the second half of the new Ethiopian – Djibouti rail route. ... The cost of the project is estimated about 1.12 Billion USD – about 3.3 million USD per kilometre.}}</ref> Pada tahun 2012, Jibuti memilih ''China Civil Engineering Construction Corporation'' untuk menyelesaikan 100&nbsp;km terakhir ke pelabuhan Jibuti.<ref>{{cite news|title=Contract signed for final section of new Djibouti - Ethiopia railway|publisher=Railway Gazette|date=16 February 2012|url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/infrastructure/single-view/view/contract-signed-for-final-section-of-new-djibouti-ethiopia-railway.html|quote=The government has awarded China Railway Construction Corp a contract to build its 100 km section of the new standard gauge railway which will replace the out-of-use metre-gauge line from the coast to Addis Abeba in Ethiopia. Announcing the US $505m contract covering the Djibouti section of the route on February 15, CRCC said work was expected to take 60 months. The contractor will arrange Chinese financial support for the project.}}</ref>
 
===Perpanjangan lanjutan ke Yaman===
Ada rencana perpanjangan lanjutan jalur kereta api Addis Ababa-Jibuti ke [[Yaman]] melewati [[jembatan Jibuti-Yaman]] sepanjang {{convert|32|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} tetapi dibatalkan karena beragam alasan seperti [[Perang Saudara Yaman (2015–sekarang)|Perang Saudara Yaman]] sejak 2014 dan [[Krisis Laut Merah|serangan pemberontak Houthi di Laut Merah]] sejak pertengahan Oktober 2023.<ref>{{cite news|title=The £100bn bridge that could connect two continents with new 1,300 foot tall span|website=express.co.uk|publisher=Daily Express|last=Wright|first=Emily|date=1 June 2024|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/1905593/new-bridge-20-mile-span-africa-middle-east|access-date=23 November 2024|language=en}}</ref>
 
== Lihat juga ==
Baris 103 ⟶ 111:
{{reflist}}
 
[[Kategori:Hubungan Djibouti–EthiopiaEtiopia dengan Jibuti]]
[[Kategori:Jibuti]]
[[Kategori:Etiopia]]
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