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'''Populisme sayap kanan''' adalah [[ideologi]]
Selain pandangan [[sayap kanan]] tradisional seperti perlawanan terhadap peningkatan dukungan untuk [[negara kesejahteraan]] dan "lebih mewah, tapi juga lebih ketat, pengeluaran sosial domestik", skema ini juga dijelaskan di bawah populisme sayap kanan dan kadang-kadang disebut "[[Welfare chauvinism|chauvinisme kesejahteraan]]".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/17/opinion/the-rise-of-welfare-chauvinism.html?_r=0|title=The Rise of ‘Welfare Chauvinism’|date=16 December 2014|last1=Edsall|first1=Thomas|website=New York Times|accessdate=4 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://theconversation.com/the-european-far-right-actually-right-or-left-or-something-altogether-different-6796|title=The European far right: actually right? Or left? Or something altogether different?|date=4 May 2012|website=The Conversation|last1=Rippon|first1=Haydn|accessdate=4 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2013-11-20/the-far-left-economics-of-frances-far-right|title=The Far-Left Economics of France's Far Right|date=20 November 2013|website=Business Week|last1=Matlack|first1=Carol|accessdate=4 January 2015}}</ref>
Sejak [[1990-an]] partai-partai beraliran populisme sayap kanan didirikan di badan-badan legislatif bermacam-macam demokrasi, termasuk [[Australia]], [[Kanada]], [[
Sejak awal 2010-an, gerakan populisme sayap kanan seperti [[Barisan Nasional (
== Pengertian ==
Pengolompokan populisme sayap kanan menjadi satu [[Left–right politics#Political parties in the political spectrum|keluarga politik]] telah terbukti sulit dan hal ini tidak diyakinkan apakah bermakna kategori yang ada atau hanya sekelompok kategor, karena pihak-pihak yang berbeda dalam ideologi, organisasi, dan kepemimpinan retorika. Juga, tidak seperti partai tradisional, mereka tidak termasuk organisasi internasional yang berpikiran sama dan mereka tidak menggunakan istilah yang sama untuk menggambarkan diri mereka.{{Sfn|Norris|2005}} Satu kesamaan adalah bahwa meskipun mereka lebih sayap kanan dari partai politik lainnya di [[Left–right politics|sumbu kiri–kanan]].{{Sfn|Ware|1996}}
Cendekiawan menggunakan istilah yang tidak konsisten, kadang-kadang mengacu pada populisme sayap kanan sebagai "[[
== Partai politik populis sayap kanan ==
Baris 19:
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* {{flag|Australia}} – [[Partai Liberal Australia]] (fraksi),<ref>{{cite book|title=The Mainstreaming of the Extreme Right in France and Australia|first=Aurelien|last=Mondon|year=2016|publisher=Routledge}}</ref> [[Satu Bangsa Pauline Hanson]],<ref name="aus"/>[[Partai Australia Katter]]<ref name="aus">{{cite web|work=[[The Conversation (website)|The Conversation]]|url=http://theconversation.com/the-mice-that-may-yet-roar-who-are-the-minor-right-wing-parties-17305|date=28 August 2013|title=The mice that may yet roar: who are the minor right-wing parties?}}</ref>
* {{flag|Austria}} – [[Partai Kemerdekaan Austria]],<ref name="Bieling2015">{{cite book|author=Hans-Jürgen Bieling|chapter=Uneven development and 'European crisis constitutionalism', or the reasons for and conditions of a 'passive revolution in trouble'|editor1=Johannes Jäger|editor2=Elisabeth Springler|title=Asymmetric Crisis in Europe and Possible Futures: Critical Political Economy and Post-Keynesian Perspectives|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JJsGCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA110|year=2015|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-65298-4|page=110}}</ref> [[Team Stronach]]<ref name="Micklin2015">{{cite book|author=Eric Micklin|chapter=The Austrian Parliament and EU Affairs: Gradually Living Up to its Legal Potential|editor1=Claudia Hefftler|editor2=Christine Neuhold|editor3=Olivier Rosenberg|display-editors
* {{flag|Belarus}} – [[Partai Demokrat Liberal (Belarus)|Partai Demokrat Liberal]]
* {{flag|Belgia}} – [[Vlaams Belang]],<ref name="StarkeKaasch2013">{{cite book|author1=Peter Starke|author2=Alexandra Kaasch|author3=Franca Van Hooren|title=The Welfare State as Crisis Manager: Explaining the Diversity of Policy Responses to Economic Crisis|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BtMQsESYcWwC&pg=PA193|year=2013|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=978-1-137-31484-0|page=193}}</ref> [[Partai Rakyat (
* {{flag|Brasil}} – [[Partai Kristen Sosial (Brasil)|Partai Kristen Sosial]]
* {{flag|Bulgaria}} – [[Uni Patriot]] ([[Barisan Nasional untuk Keselamatan Bulgaria]], [[IMRO – Gerakan Nasional Bulgaria]],<ref>Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Macedonia, Dimitar Bechev, Scarecrow Press, 2009, {{ISBN|0810862956}}, p. 104.</ref> [[Ataka]]<ref name="Magone">{{Cite book |first1=Ruzha |last1=Smilova |first2=Daniel |last2=Smilov |first3=Georgi |last3=Ganev |title=Democracy and the Media in Bulgaria: Who Represents the People? |work=Understanding Media Policies: A European Perspective |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |year=2012 |pages=48–49}}</ref>)
* {{flag|Kanada}} - [[Partai Konservatif Kanada|Partai Konservatif]] (fraksi)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.macleans.ca/politics/how-kellie-leitch-touched-off-a-culture-war/|title=How Kellie Leitch touched off a culture war - Macleans.ca|date=23 September 2016|work=macleans.ca|accessdate=21 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Groundswell of right-wing populism will test our Canadian resolve, readers say|url=https://www.thestar.com/opinion/letters_to_the_editors/2016/11/26/groundswell-of-right-wing-populism-will-test-our-canadian-resolve-readers-say.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=The popular comeback of populist politics|url=http://www.torontosun.com/2016/12/08/the-popular-comeback-of-populist-politics}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Kellie Leitch latches on to Trump victory|url=http://www.macleans.ca/politics/ottawa/kellie-leitch-latches-on-to-trump-victory/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=The Conservative Party Of Canada Is Ripe For A Populist Takeover - Kellie Leitch stands out in a crowd of conventional conservatives|url=http://www.themanitoban.com/2016/11/the-conservative-party-of-canada-is-ripe-for-a-populist-takeover/30017/|access-date=2017-07-10|archive-date=2019-03-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190322070156/http://www.themanitoban.com/2016/11/the-conservative-party-of-canada-is-ripe-for-a-populist-takeover/30017/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
* {{flag|Kroasia}} – [[Aliansi Demokrat Kroasia dari Slavonia dan Baranja]], [[Partai Konservatif Kroasia]], [[Uni Demokrat Kroasia]]<ref name="Haaretz">{{cite web|work=[[Haaretz]]|url=http://www.haaretz.com/misc/haaretzcomsmartphoneapp/1.721292|title=After Loss in Austria, a Look at Europe's Right-wing Parties|date=May 24, 2016}}</ref>
* {{flag|Siprus}} – [[ELAM (Siprus)|ELAM]],<ref name="Haaretz"/>
* {{flag|Ceko}} – [[Fajar - Koalisi Nasional]],<ref name = "economistp">{{Citation |url=http://www.economist.com/blogs/easternapproaches/2013/10/czech-elections |title=Czech elections: An angry electorate |newspaper=The Economist |date=25 October 2013}}</ref> [[
* {{flag|Denmark}} – [[Partai Rakyat Denmark]]<ref name="
* {{flag|Estonia}} – [[Partai Rakyat Konservatif Estonia]]<ref name="Zeit"/><ref>{{cite web|work=[[openDemocracy]]|url=https://www.opendemocracy.net/can-europe-make-it/vassilis-petsinis/contentious-politics-in-baltics-new-wave-of-right-wing-populism|title=Contentious politics in the Baltics: the ‘new’ wave of right-wing populism in Estonia|date=28 April 2016|access-date=2017-07-10|archive-date=2019-03-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190302000355/https://www.opendemocracy.net/can-europe-make-it/vassilis-petsinis/contentious-politics-in-baltics-new-wave-of-right-wing-populism|dead-url=yes}}</ref
* {{flag|Uni Eropa}} – [[
* {{flag|Finlandia}} – [[Partai Finn]]<ref name="Bieling2015"/><ref name="Zeit"/>
* {{flag|
* {{flag|Georgia}} – [[Aliansi Patriot Georgia]]
* {{flag|Jerman}} – [[Alternatif untuk Jerman]]<ref name="
* {{flag|Yunani}} – [[
* {{flag|Hong Kong}} - [[Gairah Kewarganegaraan]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/27/world/asia/pro-democracy-movements-vote-in-hong-kong-abruptly-called-off.html?_r=0|title=Pro-Democracy Movement’s Vote in Hong Kong Abruptly Called Off|date=26
* {{flag|Hungaria}} – [[Fidesz]],<ref name="Bieling2015"/> [[Jobbik]]<ref name="Zeit"/><ref>{{cite book |last=Betz |first=Hans-Georg |title=Radical Right-Wing Populism in Western Europe (The New Politics of Resentment) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LwTTwbtNyxUC&dq=Explaining+the+Emergence+of+Radical+Right-Wing+Populist+Parties:&lr=&source=gbs_navlinks_s |publisher=[[Palgrave MacMillan]] |year=1994 |isbn=0-312-08390-4 |page=4 |quote=the majority of radical right-wing populist parties are radical in their rejection of the established socio-cultural and socio-political system}}</ref>
* {{flag|India}} – [[Partai Bharatiya Janata]],<ref name="Wodak 2013 23">{{cite book|first=Ruth|last=Wodak|title=Right-Wing Populism in Europe: Politics and Discourse|publisher=A&C Black|year=2013|page=23}}</ref> [[Shiv Sena]]<ref>{{Cite book|year=2010|first=Gyan|last=Prakash|title=Mumbai Fables|url=https://archive.org/details/mumbaifables00prak|publisher=Princeton University Press|page=[https://archive.org/details/mumbaifables00prak/page/n9 9]}}</ref>▼
▲* {{flag|India}} – [[Partai Bharatiya Janata]],<ref name="Wodak 2013 23">{{cite book|first=Ruth|last=Wodak|title=Right-Wing Populism in Europe: Politics and Discourse|publisher=A&C Black|year=2013|page=23}}</ref> [[Shiv Sena]]<ref>{{Cite book|year=2010|first=Gyan|last=Prakash|title=Mumbai Fables|publisher=Princeton University Press|page=9}}</ref>
* {{flag|Italia}} – [[Lega Nord]],<ref name="Bieling2015"/><ref name="RuzzaFella2009">{{cite book|author1=Carlo Ruzza|author2=Stefano Fella|title=Re-inventing the Italian Right: Territorial Politics, Populism and 'post-fascism'|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R6CjdfEXpPUC&pg=PA44|year=2009|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-28634-8|pages=43–44}}</ref> [[Saudara Italia]], [[Kita dengan Salvini]], [[Gerakan Lima Bintang]] (fraksi), [[Forza Italia (2013)|Forza Italia]] (fraksi)<ref name="Zeit"/><ref>{{cite book|title=Europe for the Europeans: The Foreign and Security Policy of the Populist Radical Right|publisher=[[Routledge]]|year=2016|first=Kristina|last=Liang|page=187}}</ref>
* {{flag|Israel}} – [[Yisrael Beiteinu]],<ref name="ukisrael">{{cite web|url=http://www.haaretz.com/opinion/.premium-1.728296|date=3 July 2016|title=Right-wing Populism Wins in Britain and Israel|work=[[Haaretz]]}}</ref> [[Rumah Yahudi]], [[Likud]] (fraksi)<ref name="ukisrael"/>
* {{flag|Jepang}} – [[Partai Demokrat Liberal (Jepang)|Partai Demokrat Liberal]] (fraksi)<ref>{{Cite book|title=Bilateral Legacies in East and Southeast Asia|last=Ganesan|page=67|year=2015|publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies}}</ref>
* {{flag|Kenya}} – [[Aliansi Nasional]]
* {{flag|Latvia}} – [[Aliansi Nasional (Latvia)|Aliansi Nasional]]<ref name="Zeit"/><ref name="AuersKase">{{Citation |author1=Auers |author2=Kasekamp |title=Comparing Radical-Right Populism in Estonia and Latvia |pages=235–236}}</ref
* {{flag|Liechtenstein}} – [[Merdeka (Liechtenstein)|Merdeka]]<ref>{{cite web | title=Liechtenstein Populist Party Gains Ground in Parliamentary Elections | url=http://dw.com/p/2X1T9 | date=5 Februari 2017 | publisher=[[Deutsche Welle]] | accessdate=February 5, 2017}}</ref><ref name="Politico2017">{{cite news|last1=Stefanini|first1=Sara|title=Liechtenstein’s Populists Gain Ground|url=http://www.politico.eu/article/liechtensteins-populists-gain-ground/|date=5 February 2017|publisher=[[Politico]]|accessdate=5 February 2017}}</ref>
* {{flag|Lithuania}} – [[Urutan dan Keadilan]]<ref name="Zeit"/><ref>{{Citation |first=Ilze |last=Balcere |title=Comparing Populist Political Parties in the Baltic States and Western Europe |publisher=European Consortium for Political Research |year=2011 |url=http://www.ecprnet.eu/MyECPR/proposals/reykjavik/uploads/papers/1071.pdf |pages=5–6 }}{{Pranala mati|date=April 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
* {{flag|Luksemburg}} – [[Partai Reformasi Demokrat Alternatif]]<ref>{{cite journal|page=55|title=Doing Identity in Luxembourg|publisher=Transaction Publishers|year=2014|last=Verlag|first=Bielefeld}}</ref>
* {{flag|Mozambik}} – [[Perlawanan Nasional Mozambik]]
* {{flag|Belanda}} – [[Partai untuk
* {{flag|Selandia Baru}} – [[Selandia Baru Pertama]]<ref name="Wodak 2013 23"/>
* {{flag|Norwegia}} – [[Partai Kemajuan (Norwegia)|Partai Kemajuan]]<ref name="Nordsieck">{{cite web|author=Wolfram Nordsieck|title=Parties and Elections in Europe: Norway|url=http://www.parties-and-elections.eu/norway.html|publisher=Parties and Elections in Europe|website=www.parties-and-elections.eu|date=2013}}</ref>
* {{flag|Filipina}} – [[Partai Nacionalista]]
* {{flag|Polandia}} – [[Hukum dan Keadilan]],<ref name="Zeit">{{cite web|url=http://www.zeit.de/feature/populismus-extremismus-europa|title=Populismus oder Extremismus? – Radikale Parteien in Europa|first=Robert|last=Pausch|date=4
* {{flag|Rusia}} – [[Partai Demokrat Liberal Rusia]]<ref name="Nordsieck"
* {{flag|Serbia}} – [[Partai Radikal Serbia]],<ref name="Wolfram Nordsieck">{{cite web|url=http://www.parties-and-elections.eu/serbia.html|title=Wolfram Nordsieck, Parties and Elections in Europe|accessdate=11 Desember 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |first1=Ruth |last1=Wodak |first2=Brigitte |last2=Mral |title=Right-Wing Populism in Europe: Politics and Discourse |publisher=A&C Black |year=2013 |page=19}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cepsr.com/dwnld/stojarovavykoupilova2008020302.pdf|title=Populism in the Balkans. The Case of Serbia|accessdate=24 January 2017|archive-date=2017-02-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202013226/http://www.cepsr.com/dwnld/stojarovavykoupilova2008020302.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> [[Partai Kemajuan Serbia]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/wires/ap/article-3606719/After-Austria-election-look-Europe-right-wing-parties.html|title=After Austria election, a look at Europe right wing parties|accessdate=24 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.portal.santandertrade.com/analyse-markets/serbia/political-outline?actualiser_id_banque=oui&id_banque=7|title=Serbian political outline|accessdate=April 28, 2017}}</ref> [[Dveri]]
* {{flag|Slowakia}} – [[Partai Nasional Slowakia]],<ref>{{cite web|author=Wolfram Nordsieck |url=http://www.parties-and-elections.de/slovakia.html |title=Parties and elections|work=Parties-and-elections.de |accessdate=10 January 2011}}</ref> [[Kotleba – Partai Rakyat Slowakia Kita]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://is.muni.cz/th/363599/fss_m/Retiova_thesis.txt|title=A Hero Is Coming! The master narrative of Marián Kotleba in the Slovak regional election of 2013|author=Alica Rétiová|publisher=[[Ubniversitas Masaryk]]|accessdate=April 28, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://intersections.tk.mta.hu/index.php/intersections/article/view/35/pdf_2 |title=A right-wing extremist or people’s protector? Media coverage of extreme right leader Marian Kotleba in 2013 regional elections in Slovakia | Kluknavská | Intersections. East European Journal of Society and Politics |publisher=Intersections.tk.mta.hu |date= |accessdate=2016-12-09}}</ref> [[Kita Adalah Keluarga (Slowakia)|Kita Adalah Keluarga]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://derstandard.at/2000032496969/Slowakei-Rechte-wollen-Fico-verhindern|title=Slowakei: Rechte wollen Fico verhindern|work=[[Der Standard]]|language=German|accessdate=28 April 2017}}</ref>
* {{flag|Swedia}} – [[Demokrat Swedia]]<ref name="Bieling2015"/><ref name="Zeit"/>
Baris 61 ⟶ 60:
* {{flag|Turki}} – [[Partai Keadilan dan Pembangunan (Turki)|Partai Keadilan dan Pembangunan]] (fraksi),<ref>{{cite journal|title=The Kurdish Question in Turkey|publisher=Routledge|first=Cengiz|last=Gunes|year=2013|page=270}}</ref> [[Partai Gerakan Nasionalis]]<ref>{{cite book|last1=Abadan-Unat|first1=Nermin|title=Turks in Europe: From Guest Worker to Transnational Citizen|date=2011|publisher=Berghahn Books|location=New York|isbn=9781845454258|page=19|quote=...the fascist Nationalist Movement Party...}}</ref>
* {{flag|Ukraina}} – [[Svoboda (partai politik)|Svoboda]]<ref name="Kuzio 2010 6, 15">{{citation|first=Taras |last=Kuzio |title=Populism in Ukraine in a Comparative European Context |journal=Problems of Post-Communism|volume=57 |number=6|date=November–December 2010|publisher=M.E. Sharpe|url=http://commonweb.unifr.ch/artsdean/pub/gestens/f/as/files/4760/25737_184750.pdf|accessdate=16 October 2012|quote=Anti-Semitism only permeates Ukraine’s far-right parties, such as Svoboda… Ukraine’s economic nationalists are to be found in the extreme right (Svoboda) and centrist parties that propagate economic nationalism and economic protectionism.|pages=6, 15 |doi=10.2753/ppc1075-8216570601}}</ref><ref>{{citation |first=Gilles |last=Ivaldi|title=The Populist Radical Right in European Elections 1979-2009|work=The Extreme Right in Europe |publisher=Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht|year=2011 |page=20 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RBnmachN8vkC&pg=PA20}}</ref>
* {{flag|Britania Raya}} – [[Partai
* {{flag|Amerika Serikat}} – [[Partai Republik (Amerika Serikat)|Partai Republik]] (fraksi)<ref name="rw politics">{{cite book|title=The Politics of the Right|first=Leo|last=Panitch|page=ix|publisher=NYU Press|year=2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newyorker.com/news/john-cassidy/donald-trump-is-transforming-the-g-o-p-into-a-populist-nativist-party|title=Donald Trump is Transforming the G.O.P. Into a Populist, Nativist Party|last=Cassidy|first=John|website=[[The New Yorker]]|date=29 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/07/populism-american-right/489800/|title=Why Is Populism Winning on the American Right?|website=[[The Atlantic]]|last=Gould|first=J.J.|date=2
{{div col end}}
Baris 69 ⟶ 68:
* {{flag|Albania}} – [[Aliansi Merah dan Hitam]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dw.de/der-rückfall-ins-nationale/a-15620230|title=Der Rückfall ins Nationale|year=2011|publisher=[[Deutsche Welle]]}}</ref> [[Partai Barisan Nasional Albania]]
* {{flag|Australia}} – [[Partai Penembak, Nelayan, dan Petani]], [[Partai Proteksionis Australia]], [[Bangkit Australia]], [[Aliansi Kebebasan Australia]]
* {{flag|Austria}} – [[Aliansi untuk Masa Depan Austria]],<ref name="Micklin2015"/> [[Partai Bebas Salzburg]]
* {{flag|Belgia}} – [[Libertair, Direct, Democratisch]],<ref name="MuddeKaltwasser2012">{{cite book|author1=Cas Mudde|author2=Cristóbal Rovira Kaltwasser|title=Populism in Europe and the Americas: Threat Or Corrective for Democracy?|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cRy2H220Gi4C&pg=PA27|accessdate=30 July 2013|year=2012|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-02385-7|page=27}}</ref><ref name="nsd.uib.no">{{cite web|url=http://www.nsd.uib.no/european_election_database/country/belgium/parties.html|title=European Election Database (EED)|work=uib.no|accessdate=28 April 2017|archive-date=2011-04-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110427100052/http://www.nsd.uib.no/european_election_database/country/belgium/parties.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> [[VLOTT]]
* {{flag|Bosnia dan Herzegovina}} – [[Partai Patriotik Bosnian-Herzegovinia]]
* {{flag|Brasil}} – [[Partai Pembaruan Buruh Brasil]]
Baris 76 ⟶ 75:
* {{flag|Kanada}} – [[Partai Mawar Liar]] ([[Alberta]]), [[Aliansi Utara]], [[Partai Kemajuan Nasional Kanada]]
* {{flag|Kroasia}} – [[Partai Hak Kroasia]], [[Partai Hak Kroasia Dr. Ante Starčević]]
* {{flag|Ceko}} – [[Partai Buruh Keadilan Sosial]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vile-netzwerk.de/rechtspopulismus-in-europa/articles/rechtspopulistische-parteien-in-tschechien.html|title=Rechtspopulistische Parteien in Tschechien. - Vile Netzwerk|work=vile-netzwerk.de|accessdate=28 April 2017|archive-date=2017-07-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729051816/https://www.vile-netzwerk.de/rechtspopulismus-in-europa/articles/rechtspopulistische-parteien-in-tschechien.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> [[Koalisi untuk Republik – Partai Republik Cekoslowakia]]
* {{flag|Denmark}} – [[Partai Kemajuan (Denmark)|Partai Kemajuan]]<ref name="Hainsworth">Paul Hainsworth (2008). ''[https://books.google.no/books?id=6VZ8AgAAQBAJ&lpg=PP1&hl=no&pg=PA49#v=onepage&q&f=false The Extreme Right in Western Europe]''. Routledge. p. 49</ref>
* {{flag|Finlandia}} – [[Barisan Biru dan Putih]]
* {{flag|
* {{flag|Jerman}} – [[Partai Nasional Demokrat Jerman]],<ref name="Liang2013">{{cite book|author=Christina Schori Liang|chapter='Nationalism Ensures Peaces': the Foreign and Security Policy of the German Populist Radical Right After Reunification|editor=Christina Schori Liang|title=Europe for the Europeans: The Foreign and Security Policy of the Populist Radical Right|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7I_pDb1O2EQC&pg=PA139|year=2013|publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.|isbn=978-1-4094-9825-4|page=139}}</ref> [[Gerakan Warga Negara Pro-Chemnitz]],<ref>[http://www.chemnitz.de/chemnitz/media/download/buerger_und_rathaus/lap_fortschreibung_2012.pdf Lokaler Aktionsplan für Demokratie, Toleranz und für ein weltoffenes Chemnitz (LAP).] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121208222303/http://www.chemnitz.de/chemnitz/media/download/buerger_und_rathaus/lap_fortschreibung_2012.pdf |date=2012-12-08 }} (PDF; 275 kB) Fortschreibung 2012. Stand: November 2011, veröffentlicht auf chemnitz.de</ref><ref>Swen Uhlig: [http://www.freiepresse.de/LOKALES/CHEMNITZ/NPD-plant-Aufmarsch-in-Chemnitz-artikel1683327.php ''NPD plant Aufmarsch in Chemnitz''], freiepresse.de, 16. Februar 2010.</ref> [[Gerakan Warga Negara Pro-Jerman]],<ref name="FOCUS">{{Citation |title=Pro Köln unterliegt vor Gericht |newspaper=FOCUS |date=10 July 2009 |url=http://www.focus.de/politik/deutschland/rechtspopulisten-pro-koeln-unterliegt-vor-gericht_aid_415839.html |accessdate=19 Oct 2011}}</ref><ref name="Morgenpost">{{Citation |title=Pro Deutschland protestiert vor Norwegen-Botschaft |newspaper=Berliner Morgenpost |date=25 July 2011 |url=http://www.morgenpost.de/berlin-aktuell/article1711860/Pro-Deutschland-protestiert-vor-Norwegen-Botschaft.html |accessdate=19 Oct 2011}}</ref><ref name="WELT"/> [[Gerakan Warga Negara Pro-Köln]],<ref>Alexander Häusler (Hrsg.): ''Rechtspopulismus als „Bürgerbewegung“. Kampagnen gegen Islam und Moscheebau und kommunale Gegenstrategien''. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden 2008, {{ISBN|978-3-531-15919-5}}.</ref> [[Pro-NRW]],<ref>Kristian Frigelj: [https://www.welt.de/politik/deutschland/article5529800/Rechtspopulisten-planen-Anti-Minarett-Kampagne.html ''Rechtspopulisten planen Anti-Minarett-Kampagne.''] In: ''[[Die Welt]]'', 14. Dezember 2009.</ref> [[Persatuan Sosial Jerman (Jerman Timur)|Persatuan Sosial Jerman]], [[Partai Kebebasan Jerman]]<ref name="WELT"/><ref>{{Citation |title=Obdachlose Rechtspopulisten |newspaper=Süddeutsche Zeitung |url=http://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/partei-die-freiheit-obdachlose-rechtspopulisten-1.1045138 |accessdate=30 Aug 2011}}</ref>
* {{flag|Yunani}} – [[Penyatuan Ortodoks Populer]]<ref name="Gemenis">Gemenis, Kostas (2008) " [[Fajar Emas (poartai politik)|Fajar Emas]] (fraksi moderat)[http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a790476516~db=all~order=page The 2007 Parliamentary Election in Greece]", ''Mediterranean Politics'' 13: 95–101 and Gemenis, Kostas and Dinas, Elias (2009) "[http://www.keele.ac.uk/research/lpj/kgemenis/download/Gemenis-Dinas-CEP.pdf Confrontation still? Examining parties' policy positions in Greece]{{Pranala mati|date=Maret 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}", ''Comparative European Politics''.</ref><ref name="Art">{{Citation |first=David |last=Art |title=Inside the Radical Right: The Development of Anti-Immigrant Parties in Western Europe |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2011 |page=188 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9dUTXJakqLoC&pg=PA188&dq=popular+orthodox+rally+far+right&hl=de&sa=X&ei=lv0vT5-JDYP5sgacuYzXDA&ved=0CDwQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=popular%20orthodox%20rally%20far%20right&f=false}}</ref>
* {{flag|Islandia}} – [[Barisan Nasional Islandia]]
* {{flag|Irlandia}} – [[Demokrasi Langsung Irlandia]],<ref name=Connolly /><ref name=RTEPT>{{cite AV media| people = Rita O'Reilly| title = A Matter of Trust - RTÉ Prime Time| medium = Investigative Documentary into the Freeman movement in Ireland, National Television| publisher = Radio Teilifís Éireann| location = Dublin, Ireland| date = 24 October 2013| url =http://www.rte.ie/player/ie/show/10215977/}}</ref><ref name=Populism>{{cite web|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/culture/media/radio-a-thin-turnout-on-air-but-pat-kenny-may-yet-win-the-populist-vote-1.1550347|title=Radio: A thin turnout on air, but Pat Kenny may yet win the populist vote|work=The Irish Times|date=5 October 2013|accessdate=6 October 2013}}</ref><ref name=APRN>{{cite news|title = Ben Gilroy and Direct Democracy Ireland: Look behind them|author = Mark Moloney|url = http://www.anphoblacht.com/contents/22992|newspaper = [[An Phoblacht]], Vol 36, Issue 4|page = 27|date = May 2013}}</ref> [[Identitas Irlandia]], [[Partai Nasional (Irlandia)|Partai Nasional]] (tak terdaftar)
* {{flag|Italia}} – [[Api triwarna]], [[Die Freiheitlichen]]<ref name="Nordsieck"
* {{flag|Jepang}} – [[Partai untuk Kokoro Jepang]]
* {{flag|Malta}} – [[Moviment Patrijotti Maltin]]
Baris 94 ⟶ 93:
* {{flag|Serbia}} – [[Gerakan Harapan Hungaria]], [[Partai Petani Rakyat]]
* {{flag|Slovenia}} – [[Partai Nasional Slovenia]]
* {{flag|Spanyol}} – [[Vox (partai politik Spanyol)|Vox]], [[Platform untuk Katalonia]],<ref name=md>[http://www.minutodigital.com/noticias/2010/04/22/josep-anglada-ser-populista-identitario-es-ser-hondamente-democratico/ Anglada: "Being populist and identitarian is being honestly democratic"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003071247/http://www.minutodigital.com/noticias/2010/04/22/josep-anglada-ser-populista-identitario-es-ser-hondamente-democratico/ |date=2011-10-03 }} Minuto Digital (Spanish)</ref>
* {{flag|Swiss}} – [[Partai Kebebasan Swiss]], [[Geneva Citizens' Movement]],<ref name="Swissinfo 2009-10-11">{{cite news|url=http://www.swissinfo.ch/fre/24_heures_en_suisse/Les_populistes_brillent_aux_elections_genevoises.html?siteSect=104&sid=11337226|title=Les populistes brillent aux élections genevoises|date= 11 October 2009|publisher=[[Swissinfo]]|language=French|accessdate=2009-10-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926145531/http://www.swissinfo.ch/fre/politique_suisse/Les_populistes_brillent_aux_elections_genevoises.html?cid=292402|archivedate=2012-09-26}}</ref><ref name="Cloud">{{cite web | title=Cross-Border Issues Cloud Geneva Election Result | url=http://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/populism-triumphs_cross-border-issues-cloud-geneva-election-result/37306956 | date=November 11, 2013 | publisher=[[Swissinfo]] | accessdate=December 15, 2016}}</ref> [[Ticino League]]<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.nfp40plus.ch/topic4356/story9096.html|title= Nationales Forschungsprogramm 40+|access-date= 2017-07-10|archive-date= 2009-01-30|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090130061335/http://www.nfp40plus.ch/topic4356/story9096.html|dead-url= yes}}</ref>
* {{flag|Transnistria}} – [[Partai Demokrat Liberal Pridnestrovie]]
* {{flag|Ukraina}} – [[Kongres Nasionalis Ukraina]]
Baris 107 ⟶ 106:
* {{flag|Kanada}} – [[Union Nationale (Quebec)]], [[Action démocratique du Québec]],<ref name="MarmorFreeman2009">{{cite book|author1=Theodore R. Marmor|author2=Richard Freeman|author3=Kieke G. H. Okma|title=Comparative Studies and the Politics of Modern Medical Care|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nErZXOgDjzcC&pg=PA81|year=2009|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=978-0-300-15595-2|page=81}}</ref> [[Partai Reformasi Kanda]],<ref name="Abedi2004">{{cite book|author=Amir Abedi|title=Anti-Political Establishment Parties: A Comparative Analysis|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Skx-AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA39|year=2004|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-36369-8|page=39}}</ref> [[Canadian Alliance]],<ref name="GouldPaquino2001">{{cite book|author1=Carol Gould|author2=Pasquale Paquino|title=Cultural Identity and the Nation-state|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UojTSUnDmC4C&pg=PA39|year=2001|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-0-8476-9677-2|page=39}}</ref> [[Social Credit Party of Canada|Social Credit Party]]<ref name="BudgeRobertsonHearl1987">{{cite book|author1=Ian Budge|author2=David Robertson|author3=Derek Hearl|title=Ideology, Strategy and Party Change: Spatial Analyses of Post-War Election Programmes in 19 Democracies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I63z5nm0f94C&pg=PA90|year=1987|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-30648-5|page=90}}</ref>
* {{flag|Siprus}} – [[Horizon Baru (Siprus)|Horizon Baru]]<ref>{{Cite book |author=Nathalie Tocci |title=Greece, Turkey and Cyprus |work=European Politics |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2007 |page=125}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |author=Stefan Engert |title=EU Enlargement and Socialization: Turkey and Cyprus |publisher=Routledge |year=2010 |page=146}}</ref>
* {{flag|Ceko}} – [[Public Affairs (political party)|Public Affairs]]<ref>{{Cite news |title=Tschechien: Jugend vereint gegen Linksparteien |first=Alexandra |last=Klausmann |newspaper=[[Wiener Zeitung]] |date=21 May 2010 |url=http://www.wienerzeitung.at/default.aspx?tabID=3861&alias=wzo&cob=494591 |language=de |access-date=2017-07-10 |archive-date=2011-06-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606122248/http://www.wienerzeitung.at/default.aspx?tabID=3861&alias=wzo&cob=494591 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
* {{flag|Denmark}} – [[Partai Kemajuan (Denmark)|Partai Kemajuan]]<ref name="Hainsworth2008">{{cite book|author=Paul Hainsworth|title=The Extreme Right in Europe|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6VZ8AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA49|year=2008|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-15432-6|page=49}}</ref>
* {{flag|Jerman}} – [[Persatuan Rakyat Jerman]]
* {{flag|Uni Eropa}} – [[Gerakan untuk Kebebasan dan Demokrasi Eropa]]<ref name="Nordsieck"/>
* {{flag|Islandia}} – [[Partai Warga Negara(Islandia)|Partai Warga Negara]]<ref name="Bergqvist1999">{{cite book|editor=Christina Bergqvist|title=Equal Democracies?: Gender and Politics in the Nordic Countries|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t8bfrJvsfJ8C&pg=PA320|year=1999|publisher=Nordic Council of Ministers|isbn=978-82-00-12799-4|page=320}}</ref>
* {{flag|Italia}} – [[Aliansi Nasional (Italia)|Aliansi Nasional]]<ref>{{Citation|first=Sarah L.|last=De Lange|title=Radical Right-wing Populist Parties in Government: determinants of coalition membership|year=2008|page=9
* {{flag|Belanda}} – [[Demokrat Tengah (Belanda)|Demokrat Tengah]],<ref name="Art2011">{{cite book|author=David Art|editor1=Uwe Backes|editor2=Patrick Moreau|chapter=Memory Politics in Western Europe|title=The Extreme Right in Europe: Current Trends and Perspectives|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uMkEZnJQHksC&pg=PA361|year=2011|publisher=Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht|isbn=978-3-647-36922-8|page=361}}</ref> [[Pim Fortuyn List]]<ref name="StarkeKaasch2013"/><ref name="Art2011"/><ref name="Andeweg, R p.49">[[Rudy Andeweg|Andeweg, R.]] and G. Irwin ''Politics and Governance in the Netherlands'', Basingstoke (Palgrave) p.49</ref>
* {{flag|Spanyol}} – [[Kelompok Liberal Independen]]
Baris 121 ⟶ 120:
{{div col end}}
== Lihat pula ==
* [[
* [[
* [[
* [[
== Catatan ==
Baris 184 ⟶ 183:
|editor3-first=Patrick
|title=Shadows over Europe: The Development and Impact of the Extreme Right in Western Europe
|url=https://archive.org/details/shadowsovereurop0000unse
|location=New York
|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan
Baris 209:
|year=1998
|title=The Emergence of a Euro-American Radical Right
|url=https://archive.org/details/emergenceofeuroa0000kapl
|location=New Brunswick, New Jersey
|publisher=Rutgers University Press
Baris 220 ⟶ 221:
|year=2005
|title=Radical Right: Voters and Parties in the Electoral Market
|url=https://archive.org/details/radicalrightvote0000norr
|location=Cambridge, England
|publisher=Cambridge University Press
Baris 241 ⟶ 243:
|year=1996
|title=Political Parties and Party Systems
|url=https://archive.org/details/politicalparties0000ware
|publisher=Oxford University Press
|isbn=978-0-19-878076-2
Baris 253 ⟶ 256:
: Wodak, Ruth, Brigitte Mral and Majid Khosravinik, editors. ''Right wing populism in Europe: politics and discourse''. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2013. {{ISBN|9781780932453}}
{{refend}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Kategori:Spektrum politik]]
[[Kategori:Istilah politik]]
[[Kategori:Populisme]]
[[Kategori:Politik]]
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