Carcharhiniformes: Perbedaan antara revisi

== KeluargaFamili ==

Menurut [[FishBase]], delapan keluargafamili dari tanahordo hiuCarcharhiniformes adalah:<ref>[http://www.fishbase.org/identification/familieslist.php?ordnum=8&areacode=&classnum=4&c_code= Fish Identification: Ground sharks] ''[//en.wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/FishBase [FishBase]]''. Retrieved 28 March 2013.</ref>

* [[Carcharhinidae]] (hiu requiem)

* [[Triakidae]] (houndsharksHiu anjing halus)

! SpeciesSpesies

! style="background:rgb(110,110,170)" | [[Carcharhinidae|<span style="color:white;">Carcharhinidae</span>]]

| [[Berkas:Tiger_sharkTiger shark.jpg|140x140px140px]]

| align="center" | [[RequiemHiu sharksrequiem]]

| align="center" | 12

| align="center" | 62

| valign="top" | RequiemHiu sharksrequiem areadalah migratory,jenis hiu yang hidup liveberpindah-bearingpindah sharksdan oftinggal warmdi seaslaut yang hangat (sometimesterkadang ofjuga brackishdi orair freshpayau wateratau air tawar) such as the [[Hiuhiu harimau|tiger shark]], the[[hiu blue sharkbiru]], the [[Hiuhiu banteng|bull shark]], and thedan [[milk shark]]. TheKarakteristik usualordo carcharhiniform characteristicsyang includebiasa roundterdapat eyespada andjenis pectoralhiu finsini thatmeliputi aremata completelybulat behinddan five[[sirip gillpektoral]] slitsyang berada tepat di belakang lima celah insangnya. MostKebanyakan speciesspesies areini [[Vivipar|viviparousvivipar]], theindividu youngbaru beingakan borndikeluarkan fullydalam developedkeadaan seluruh tubuhnya telah berkembang penuh. TheyKelompok varyhiu widelyrequiem inmempunyai size,ukuran fromyang asbermacam-macam, smallmulai asdari {{Convert|69|&nbsp;cm|ft|abbr=on}} adultpanjang length in thehiu [[Australian sharpnose shark,|hiu upsharpnose toAustralia]] {{Convert|5.5|m|ft|abbr=on}}dewasa, adulthingga length55 inm thepanjang [[Hiuhiu harimau|tiger shark]] dewasa.<ref>Compagno, L.J.V. [http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/FamilySummary.cfm?ID=11 Family Carcharhinidae - Requiem sharks] in Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2010. [http://www.fishbase.org FishBase]. World Wide Web electronic publication, version (05/2010).</ref> RequiemHiu sharksrequiem arelah responsibleyang forbertanggungjawab aatas large proportion ofbanyak [[Serangan hiu|attacksserangan hiu onpada humansmanusia]].

! style="background:rgb(110,110,170)" | [[Hemigaleidae|<span style="color:white;">Hemigaleidae</span>]]

| [[Berkas:Chaenogaleus_macrostoma_Day_Chaenogaleus macrostoma Day -_cropped cropped.png|140x140px140px]]

| align="center" | [[Hemigaleidae|Weasel sharks]]

| align="center" | 4

| align="center" | 8

| valign="top" | Weasel sharks are found from the eastern [[Samudra Atlantik|Atlantic Ocean]] to the continental [[Indo-Pasifik|Indo-Pacific]] in shallow coastal waters to a depth of 100&nbsp;m (330&nbsp;ft).<ref name="fishbase">Froese,{{FishBase Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (family|family=Hemigaleidae|year=2011). |month=February}}</ref> Most species are small, reaching no more than 1.4 m long (4.6&nbsp;ft), though the [[snaggletooth shark]] (''Hemipristis elongatus'') may reach 2.4&nbsp;m (7.9&nbsp;ft). They have horizontally oval [[Mata|eyes]], small spiracles[[spiracle]]s, and precaudal pits. Two [[Sirip punggung|dorsal finsfin]]s occur, with the base of the first placed well forward of the [[pelvic finsfin]]s. The [[caudal fin]] has a strong ventral lobe and undulations on the dorsal lobe margin. They feed on a variety of small [[Osteichthyes|bony fishesfish]]es and [[Avertebrata|invertebratesinvertebrate]]s; at least two species specialize on [[Sefalopoda|cephalopodscephalopod]]s. They are not known to have attacked people.<ref name="compagno">Compagno, Leonard J. V. (1984) ''Sharks of the World: An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date''. [[Rome]]: [[Food and Agricultural Organization]]. {{ISBN|92-5-101384-5}}.</ref>

! style="background:rgb(110,110,170)" | [[Leptochariidae|<span style="color:white;">Leptochariidae</span>]]

| [[Berkas:Triaenodon_smithii_by_muller_and_henleTriaenodon smithii by muller and henle.png|140x140px140px]]

| align="center" | [[Barbeled houndshark|Barbeled houndsharks]]s

| align="center" | 1

| align="center" | 1

| valign="top" | The only species of barbeled houndshark is ''Leptocharias smithii''. It is a [[demersal]] species found in the coastal waters of the eastern Atlantic Ocean from [[Mauritania]] to [[Angola]], at depths of {{Convertconvert|10|-|75|m|ft|abbr=on}}. It favours muddy [[Habitat|habitatshabitat]]s, particularly around [[Muara|river mouthsmouth]]s. The barbeled houndshark is characterized by a very slender body, nasal barbels, long furrows at the corners of the mouth, and [[Dimorfisme seksual|sexually dimorphic]] teeth. Its maximum known length is {{Convertconvert|82|cm|in|abbr=on}}. Likely strong-swimming and opportunistic, the barbeled houndshark has been known to ingest [[Osteichthyes|bony fishesfish]]es, [[Avertebrata|invertebratesinvertebrate]]s, [[Telur|fish eggsegg]]s, and even inedible objects. It is [[Vivipar|viviparous]], with females bearing litters of seven young; the developing [[Embrio|embryosembryo]]s are sustained by a unique globular [[Plasenta|placentalplacenta]]l structure. The [[UniInternational InternasionalUnion untukfor KonservasiConservation of AlamNature|IUCN]] has assessed the barbeled houndshark as [[Spesies mendekati terancam|near threatened]], as heavy fishing pressure occurs throughout its range and it is used for meat and [[Kulit (produk hewan)|leather]].

! style="background:rgb(110,110,170)" | [[Proscylliidae|<span style="color:white;">Proscylliidae</span>]]

| align="center" | 3[[Proscylliidae|Finback catsharks]]

| align="center" | 73

! style="background:rgb(110,110,170)" | [[Pseudotriakidae|<span style="color:white;">Pseudotriakidae</span>]]

| [[Berkas:Pseudotriakis_acrales_by_jordan_and_snyderPseudotriakis acrales by jordan and snyder.jpg|140x140px140px]]

| align="center" | [[Pseudotriakidae|False catsharks]]

| align="center" | 3

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| valign="top" | False catsharks are a small [[Familiafamily (biology)|family]] containing false catsharks and gollumsharks. It contains the only ground shark species to exhibit intrauterine [[oophagy]], in which developing [[Janin|fetusesfetus]]es are nourished by eggs produced by their mother.<ref name="Fishbase">Froese,{{FishBase Rainer,family and| Danielfamily Pauly,= eds.Pseudotriakidae| (2012).month = December| year = 2012}}</ref>

! style="background:rgb(110,110,170)" | [[Scyliorhinidae|<span style="color:white;">Scyliorhinidae</span>]]

| [[Berkas:Catshark_oedvCatshark oedv.jpg|140x140px140px]]

| align="center" | [[Catshark|Catsharks]]s

| align="center" | 17

| align="center" | >150

| valign="top" | Catsharks are distinguished by their elongated, [[cat]]-like eyes and two small dorsal fins set far back. They usually have a patterned appearance, ranging from stripes to patches to spots. Most are fairly small, growing no longer than {{Convertconvert|80|cm|in|abbr=on}}; a few, such as the [[nursehound]], can reach {{Convertconvert|1.6|m|ft|abbr=on}} in length. They are found in [[temperate]] and [[tropical]] seas worldwide, ranging from shallow [[intertidal]] waters to depths of {{Convertconvert|2000|m|ft|abbr=on}} or more, depending on species.<ref>Froese,{{FishBase Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (family|family=Scyliorhinidae|year=2009). |month=January}}</ref> They feed on [[Avertebrata|invertebratesinvertebrate]]s and smaller [[fish]]. Some species are [[aplacental viviparous]], but most lay eggs in tough egg cases with curly tendrils at each end, known as [[mermaid's pursespurse]]s. The swell sharks of the genus ''[[Cephaloscyllium]]'' fill their stomachs with water or air when threatened, increasing their girth by a factor of two to three. Some catsharks are called [[Dogfish (disambiguation)|dogfish]].

! style="background:rgb(110,110,170)" | [[Sphyrnidae|<span style="color:white;">Sphyrnidae</span>]]

| [[Berkas:Hammerhead_sharkHammerhead shark,_Cocos_Island Cocos Island,_Costa_Rica Costa Rica.jpg|140x140px140px]]

| align="center" | [[Hiu martil|Hammerhead sharks]]

| align="center" | 2

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| valign="top" | Hammerhead sharks are named for the unusual and distinctive structure of their heads, which are flattened and laterally extended into a "hammer" shape called a [[cephalofoil]]. Many, not necessarily mutually exclusive, functions have been proposed for the cephalofoil, including sensory reception, manoeuvring, and prey manipulation. Hammerheads are found worldwide in warmer waters along coastlines and [[continental shelves]]. Unlike most sharks, hammerheads usually swim in schools during the day, becoming solitary hunters at night.

! style="background:rgb(110,110,170)" | [[Triakidae|<span style="color:white;">Triakidae</span>]]

| [[Berkas:Leopard_shark_in_kelpLeopard shark in kelp.jpg|140x140px140px]]

| align="center" | [[Houndshark|Houndsharks]]s

| align="center" | 9

| align="center" | 40

| valign="top" | Houndsharks are distinguished by large spineless dorsal fins, an anal fin, and oval eyes with nictitating eyelids. They are small to medium in size, ranging from {{Convertconvert|37|to|220|cm|ft|abbr=on}} in adult length. They are found throughout the world in warm and temperate waters, where they feed on fish and invertebrates on the sea bed and in midwater.<ref>Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. ({{FishBase_family|family=Triakidae|year=2009). |month=January}}</ref>

* Froese, Rainer, dan Daniel Pauly, eds. (2013) [http://www.fishbase.org/identification/familieslist.php?ordnum=8&areacode=&classnum=4&c_code= Identifikasi Ikan: TanahHiu hiutanah] di FishBase. Maret 2013 versi.

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