Sarawak: Perbedaan antara revisi

|image_skyline total_width = 290

|imagesize image_style = =border:1;

|image_alt perrow = 1/2/2/2

|image_flag image3 = FlagChinatown ofwelcome gate at Jalan Padungan, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia.svgjpg

|flag_size image2 = Kuching, Sarawak at dawn.jpg

|flag_alt image4 = BenderaNiah Great Cave, Sarawak, SerawakMalaysia.jpg

|image_shield image5 = Coat of arms of Sarawak = Mulu Pinnacles.svgjpg

|shield_size image6 = Julan waterfall 01.jpg

|shield_alt image7 = LambangSouth China Sea, Sarawak Serawak(7246670486).jpg

|image_map flag_alt = SarawakBendera in Malaysia.svgSarawak

|mapsize image_shield = Coat of arms of =Sarawak.svg

|map_alt shield_size =

|seat_type motto = [[Daftar"Bersatu, ibukotaBerusaha, nasional|Ibukota]]Berbakti"

|parts_type image_map = DivisiSarawak in Malaysia.svg

|parts_style mapsize = Daftar =

|parts map_alt = Daftar

|p3 subdivision_name = [[Divisi Kapit|KapitMalaysia]]

|p5 established_title = [[DivisiKesultanan Limbang|LimbangBrunei]]

|total_type seat_type = TotalIbu kota<br />{{nobold|(dan kota terbesar)}}

|area_total_km2 parts_style = 124450Daftar

|area_water_km2 parts = Daftar

| population_totalp3 = 2636000[[Bagian Kapit|Kapit]]

| population_as_ofp4 = 2015[[Bagian Kuching|Kuching]]

|population_est p6 = [[Bagian Miri|Miri]]

|pop_est_as_of p7 = 2010[[Bagian Mukah|Mukah]]

|demographics_type1 p10 = [[Indeks PembangunanBagian ManusiaSerian|Serian]]

|postal_code = 93xxx<ref>{{cite web|title=Postal codes in Sarawak|url=https://postal-codes.cybo.com/malaysiaindonesia/sarawak/?p=1|website=cybo.com|accessdate=23 JulyJuli 2015|archive-date=2019-05-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190519202027/https://postal-codes.cybo.com/indonesia/sarawak/?p=1|dead-url=yes}}</ref> sampaihingga 98xxx<ref>{{cite web|title=Postal codes in Miri|url=https://postal-codes.cybo.com/malaysia/miri/|website=cybo.com|accessdate=23 JulyJuli 2015|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304093216/https://postal-codes.cybo.com/malaysia/miri/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>

|area_code_type area_code_type = [[Nomor telepon di Malaysia|Kode telepon]]

| area_code = 082 sampai 086<ref>{{cite web|title=Area codes in Sarawak|url=https://area-codes.cybo.com/malaysia/sarawak/?p=1|website=cybo.com|accessdate=22 July 2015|archive-date=2018-09-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180921230029/https://area-codes.cybo.com/malaysia/sarawak/?p=1|dead-url=yes}}</ref>

'''Sarawak''', populer dengan julukan '''Bumi Kenyalang''' ({{IPAc-en|s|ə|ˈ|r|ɑː|w|ɒ|k}}; {{IPA-mayid|saˈrawaʔ|lang}})<!--, yang berjuluk ''Bumi Kenyalang'' ("Tanahadalah [[Rangkongnegara bagian]]"),--> adalah salah satu negara bagiandi [[Malaysia]]. TeritorialNegara tersebutbagian ini memiliki tingkat [[otonomi]] dalam pemerintahan, imigrasi, dan yudisier yang berbeda dari negara-negara bagian di semenanjungSemenanjung Malaysia. Sarawak terletak di baratBarat lautLaut Borneo, dan berbatasan dengan [[Sabah|Negara diBagian timur laut, [[Kalimantan (Indonesia)|KalimantanSabah]], bagian Indonesia dari Borneo, di bagianTimur selatanLaut, dan berpapasan dengan [[Brunei]].Provinsi Ibukotanya,Kalimantan [[KuchingBarat]], adalah pusat ekonomi negara bagian tersebut dan kursi dari pemerintahan negara bagian Sarawak. Kota lainnya di Sarawak meliputi [[Miri]],Kalimantan [[SibuTimur]], dan [[BintuluKalimantan Utara]]. Menurut sensus 2015 di Malaysia, populasi di negara bagian tersebut sejumlah 2Selatan,636,000 orang.juga Sarawak memiliki [[iklim khatulistiwa]]berpapasan dengan [[hutan hujanBrunei]] tropis dan spesies hewan dan tumbuhan yang beragam. Negara bagian tersebut memiliki beberapa sistem [[gua]] penting di [[TamanTimur Nasional Gunung Mulu]]Laut. [[Sungai Rajang]] adalah sungai terpanjang di Malaysia; [[Bendungan Bakun]], salah satu bendungan terbesar di [[Asia Tenggara]], terletak di salah satu anak sungainya. [[Gunung Murud]] adalah titik tertinggi di Sarawak.

[[Berkas:Buceros rhinoceros -Kuala Lumpur Bird Park, Malaysia-8a (1).jpg|jmpl|ki|[[Rangkong badak]] adalah [[Lambang negara bagian Malaysia|burung negara bagian]] Sarawak]]

Sarawak juga berjulukdijuluki "Tanah Rangkong" (Bumi Kenyalang), karena burung rangkong merupakan sebuahsalah satu simbol kebudayaan yang penting untukbagi suku Dayak di Sarawak. DiyakiniSelain jikaitu, rangkongterdapat terlihatsebuah terbangkepercayaan disetempat atasyang pemukiman,menyatakan makabahwa burung rangkong akan mendatangkan keberuntungan untukjika masyarakatterlihat terbang di atas lokalpermukiman. Di Sarawak juga memilikiterdapat 8 dari 5654 spesies rangkong didunia, dunia.dan [[Rangkongrangkong badak]] adalah burung resmi negara bagian Sarawak.<ref>{{cite news|title=The magnificent hornbills of Sarawak|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2015/07/12/the-magnificent-hornbills-of-sarawak/|accessdate=16 November 2015|publisher=The Borneo Post|date=12 July 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150806050124/http://www.theborneopost.com/2015/07/12/the-magnificent-hornbills-of-sarawak/|archivedate=6 August 2015}}</ref>

{{flagicon image|Flag of the Crown Colony of Sarawak (19461946–1963).svg}} [[Koloni Mahkota Sarawak|Mahkota Sarawak Britania]] 1946–1963<br />

[[Berkas:The barque of Rajah of Sarawak.jpg|jmpl|ka|Sebuah [[barque]] bernama Rajah Sarawak, dalam menghormati James Brooke, beroperasi antara [[Swansea]] di Inggris, [[Australia (benua)|Australia]], dan [[Hindia Timur]] dari akhir 1840an1840-an.]]

Para pemukim awal diketahui tinggal di sekitaran mulut barat [[Gua-Gua Niah]] (berjarak {{convert|110|km|mi}} dari barat daya [[Miri]]) pada 40,000 tahun yang lalu.<ref name=Sarawakforestry>{{cite web|title=Niah National Park – Early Human settlements|url=http://www.sarawakforestry.com/htm/snp-np-niah.html|publisher=Sarawak Forestry|accessdate=23 March 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150218010128/http://www.sarawakforestry.com/htm/snp-np-niah.html|archivedate=18 February 2015}}</ref><ref name=worldarcheology>{{cite book|last1=Faulkner|first1=Neil|title=Niah Cave, Sarawak, Borneo|date=7 November 2003|publisher=[[Current World Archaeology]] Issue 2|url=http://www.world-archaeology.com/features/niah-cave-sarawak-borneo.htm|accessdate=23 March 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150323011312/http://www.world-archaeology.com/features/niah-cave-sarawak-borneo.htm|archivedate=23 March 2015}}</ref> Sebuah tengkorak manusia modern yang ditemukan di dekat Gua-Gua Niah, merupakan jenazah manusia tertua yang ditemukan di Malaysia dan tengkorak manusia modern tertua dari Asia Tenggara.<ref name=Sarawakforestry/><ref name=worldarcheology/><ref>{{cite web|title=History of the Great Cave of Niah|url=http://www.abc.net.au/science/slab/niahcave/history.htm|publisher=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]|accessdate=23 March 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141122214440/http://www.abc.net.au/science/slab/niahcave/history.htm|archivedate=22 November 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Niah Cave|url=http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/fossils/niah-cave|website=humanorigins.si.edu|publisher=Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History|accessdate=23 March 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131122105146/http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/fossils/niah-cave|archivedate=22 November 2013}}</ref> Keramik-keramik Tionghoa yang berasal dari zaman dinasti [[dinasti Tang|Tang]] dan [[dinasti Song|Song]] (abad ke-8 sampai ke-13 Masehi) ditemukan di Santubong (dekat [[Kuching]]) menandakan bahwa Santubong telah menjadi sebuah pelabuhan penting pada masa tersebut.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Zheng|first1=Dekun|title=Studies in Chinese Archeology|date=1 January 1982|publisher=[[The Chinese University Press]]|isbn=978-962-201-261-5|pages=49, 50|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fLL5BQj9Xf0C&pg=PA49|accessdate=29 December 2015|quote=In case of Santubong, its association with T'ang and Sung porcelain would necessary provide a date of about 8th – 13th century A.D.}}</ref>

Pada abad ke-16, wilayah Kuching dikenal oleh para [[kartografi|kartografer]] Portugis sebagai ''Cerava'', salah satu dari lima pelabuhan besar di pulau BorneoKalimantan.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Donald F|first1=Lach|title=Asia in the Making of Europe, Volume I: The Century of Discovery, Book 1|date=15 July 2008|publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]]|isbn=978-0-226-46708-5|page=581|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xD52ge5a8vYC&pg=PA581|accessdate=21 March 2016|quote=...&nbsp;but Castanheda lists five great seaports that he says were known to the Portuguese. In his transcriptions they are called "Moduro" (Marudu?), "Cerava" (Sarawak?), "Laue" (Lawai), "Tanjapura" (Tanjungpura), and "Borneo" (Brunei) from which the island derives its name.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Broek|first1=Jan O.M.|title=Place Names in 16th and 17th Century Borneo|journal=[[Imago Mundi]]|date=1962|volume=16|issue=1|page=134|doi=10.1080/03085696208592208|jstor=1150309|quote=Carena (for Carena), deep in the bight, refers to Sarawak, the Kuching area, where there is clear archaeological evidence of an ancient trade center just inland from Santubong. |issn = 0308-5694 }}</ref> Pada awal abad ke-19, Sarawak kurang diperintah oleh Kekaisaran Brunei. Kekaisaran Brunei hanya memiliki otoritas di sepanjang kawasan pesisir Sarawak yang dipegang oleh para pemimpin [[etnis Melayu|Melayu]] semi-independen. Sementara itu, wilayah dalam Sarawak utamanya didominasi suku-suku yang terdiri dari [[suku Iban]], [[suku Kayan|Kayan]] dan [[suku Kenyah|Kenyah]], yang agresif dalam ekspansi teritorial mereka.<ref name=Fairlandsarawak>{{cite book|last1=Alastair|first1=Morrison|title=Fair Land Sarawak: Some Recollections of an Expatriate Official|date=1 January 1993|publisher=[[Cornell Southeast Asia Program|SEAP Publications]]|isbn=978-0-87727-712-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U80cU8Fx1kAC&pg=PA10|page=10|accessdate=29 October 2015}}</ref> Setelah penemuan tambang entimon di kawasan Kuching, Pangeran Indera Mahkota (perwakilan Sultan Brunei) mulai mengembangkan wilayah tersebut antara 1824 dan 1830. Saat produksi antimon meningkat, Kesultanan Brunei meraih pajak tinggi dari Sarawak; hal ini berujung kepada ketegangan dan pertikaian saudara.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Trudy|first1=Ring|last2=Noelle|first2=Watson|last3=Paul|first3=Schellinger|title=Asia and Oceania: International Dictionary of Historic Places|date=12 November 2012|publisher=[[Cornell Southeast Asia Program|SEAP Publications]]|isbn=978-0-87727-712-5|page=497|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=voerPYsAB5wC&pg=PA497|accessdate=29 October 2015}}</ref> Pada 1839, Sultan [[Omar Ali Saifuddin II]] (1827–1852), memerintahkan pamannya Pangeran Muda Hashim untuk mengembalikan keadaan. Pangeran Muda Hashim meminta bantuan pelaut Inggris [[James Brooke]] dalam hal materi, yang Brooke sepakati. James Brooke berhasil meredam pemberontakan tersebut dan kemudian ditunjuk oleh Pangeran Muda Hashim untuk memerintah Sarawak.

Dari 1853 sampai 1862, pemerintahan Brooke mengalami sejumlah pemberontakan namun semuanya berhasil dipadamkan.<ref name="Empirenationalism"/> Akibatnya, serangkaian benteng dibangun di sekitaran Kuching untuk mempertahankan kekuasaan Rajah. Benteng-benteng tersebut meliputi [[Benteng Margherita]], yang diselesaikan pada 1879.<ref name=Kingdominjungle>{{cite news|last1=Simon|first1=Elegant|title=SARAWAK: A KINGDOM IN THE JUNGLE|url=http://www.nytimes.com/1986/07/13/travel/sarawak-a-kingdom-in-the-jungle.html?pagewanted=all|accessdate=2 November 2015|publisher=The New York Times|date=13 July 1986|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151102083010/http://www.nytimes.com/1986/07/13/travel/sarawak-a-kingdom-in-the-jungle.html?pagewanted=all|archivedate=2 November 2015}}</ref> Sarawak menjadi [[protektorat]] Inggris pada 1888, saat masih diperintah oleh dinasti Brooke.<ref name="Borneotrilogy">{{cite book|last1=Frans|first1=Welman|title=Borneo Trilogy Sarawak: Volume 1|date=2011|publisher=Booksmango|location=Bangkok, Thailand|isbn=978-616-245-082-2|page=177|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BCrEN6gUkHEC&pg=PA177|accessdate=2 November 2015}}</ref> Pada 1891, [[Charles Brooke, Rajah Sarawak|Charles Anthoni Brooke]], Rajah Putih Sarawak kedua, mendirikan [[Museum Sarawak]], museum tertua di BorneoKalimantan.<ref name=Kingdominjungle/><ref>{{cite news|last1=Saiful|first1=Bahari|title=Thrill is gone, state museum stuck in time — Public|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2015/06/23/thrill-is-gone-state-museum-stuck-in-time-public/|accessdate=2 November 2015|publisher=The Borneo Post|date=23 June 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002091817/http://www.theborneopost.com/2015/06/23/thrill-is-gone-state-museum-stuck-in-time-public/|archivedate=2 October 2015}}</ref> Pada 1899, Charles Anthoni Brooke mengakhiri peperangan antar-suku di [[Marudi, Sarawak|Marudi]]. Sumur minyak pertama dibor pada 1910. Dua tahun kemudian, galangan dok Brooke dibuka. [[Anthony Walter Dayrell Brooke|Anthony Brooke]] lahir pada tahun yang sama dan menjadi Rajah Muda pada 1939.<ref>{{cite web|title=History of Sarawak|url=http://www.brooketrust.org/history-of-sarawak|publisher=Brooke Trust|accessdate=29 November 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161129025715/http://www.brooketrust.org/history-of-sarawak|archivedate=29 November 2016-11-29|dead-url=unfit}}</ref>

[[Berkas:Native population of Kuching.JPG|jmpl|ka|Kerumunan besar penduduk asli SarawalSarawak mengerumuti sebuah jalan raya di [[Kuching]] untuk menyaksikan kedatangan [[Second Australian Imperial Force|Australian Imperial Force]] (AIF) pada 12 September 1945.]]

Pada 1941, pada perayaan keseratus pemerintahan Brooke di Sarawak, [[konstitusi Sarawak 1941|konstitusi baru]] diperkenalkan untuk membatasi kekuasaan Rajah dan memperbolehkan orang Sarawak untuk memainkan peran yang lebih besar dalam memfungsikan pemerintah.<ref>{{cite news|title=Centenary of Brooke rule in Sarawak – New Democratic Constitution being introduced today|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19410924.2.68.aspx|accessdate=2 November 2015|publisher=[[The Straits Times]] (Singapura)|date=24 September 1941}}</ref> Pada tahun yang sama, Inggris menarik pasukan pertahanannya dari Sarawak dan kembali ke Singapura. Karena Sarawak menjadi tidak terjaga, rezim Brooke memutuskan untuk mengadopsi kebijakan [[bumi hangus]] dimana instalasi-instalasi minyak di Miri akan dihancurkan dan pangkalan udara Kuching dipertahankan selama mungkin sebelum kemudian dihancurkan. Sebuah pasukan invasi Jepang yang dipimpin oleh [[Kiyotake Kawaguchi]] mendarat di Miri pada 16 Desember 1941 (dalapan hari dalam Kampanye Malaya) dan menaklukan Kuching pada 24 Desember 1941. Pasukan Inggris memutuskan untuk retret ke [[Singkawang]] di [[Borneo Belanda]] yang berbatasan dengan Sarawak. Setelah sepuluh minggu bertempur di Borneo Belanda, pasukan Sekutu menyerah pada 1 April 1942.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Klemen|first1=L|title=The Invasion of British Borneo in 1942|url=http://www.dutcheastindies.webs.com/sarawak.html|archiveurl=https://waybackweb.archive.org/web/20150401045406/http://www.dutcheastindies.webs.com/sarawak.html|archivedate=2015-04-01|website=dutcheastindies.webs.com|accessdate=3 November 2015|date=1999|dead-url=no}}</ref> Saat Jepang menginvasi Sarawak, Charles Vyner Brooke telah pergi ke [[Sydney]] ([[Australia]]) sementara para perwiranya ditangkap oleh Jepang dan dimasukkan ke [[kamp Batu Lintang]].<ref>{{cite web|title=The Japanese Occupation (1941 – 1945)|url=http://www.sarawak.gov.my/web/home/article_view/235/246/|publisher=The Sarawak Government|accessdate=3 November 2015}}</ref>

Sarawak masih menjadi bagian dari [[Kekaisaran Jepang]] selama tiga tahun delapan bulan. Sarawak terbagi dalam tiga provinsi, yakni: Kuching-shu, Sibu-shu, dan Miri-shu, yang masing-masing berada di bawah kepemimpinan Gubernur Provinsial Jepang mereka masing-masing. Pasukan Sekutu kemudian melancarkan [[Operasi Semut]] menyabotase operasi-operasi Jepang di Sarawak.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Ooi|first1=Keat Gin|title=Prelude to invasion: covert operations before the re-occupation of Northwest Borneo, 1944{{ndash}}45|journal=Journal of the [[Australian War Memorial]]|url=https://www.awm.gov.au/journal/j37/borneo.asp|accessdate=3 November 2015}}</ref> Setelah [[menyerahnya Jepang]], Jepang menyerah kepada pasukan Australia di [[Labuan]] pada 10 September 1945.<ref>{{cite web|title=Historical Monument – Surrender Point|url=http://www.pl.gov.my/en/web/guest/tugu-penyerahan-jepun;jsessionid=10C59E905CBE1CA017EA2CC8600CEF41|website=Official Website of Labuan Corporation|publisher=Labuan Corporation|accessdate=3 November 2015|archive-date=2015-11-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117025545/http://www.pl.gov.my/en/web/guest/tugu-penyerahan-jepun;jsessionid=10C59E905CBE1CA017EA2CC8600CEF41|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Rainsford|first1=Keith Carr|title=Surrender to Major-General Wootten at Labuan|url=https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/F07316/|publisher=[[Australian War Memorial]]|accessdate=3 November 2015}}</ref> Sarawak kemudian ditempatkan di bawah [[Pemerintahan Militer Inggris (Borneo)|Pemerintahan Militer Inggris]] sampai April 1946.<ref>{{cite web|title=British Military Administration (August 1945 – April 1946)|url=http://www.sarawak.gov.my/web/home/article_view/236/247/|publisher=The Sarawak Government|accessdate=3 November 2015}}</ref>

[[Berkas:Japanese conquest map, Kuching.JPG|jmpl|kiri|Sebuah peta dunia besar mewakili [[Kekaisaran Jepang|kawasan pendudukan Jepang di Asia]], dipasang di jalan utama ibukotaibu kota Sarawak.]]

Pada 27 Mei 1961, [[Tunku Abdul Rahman]], perdana menteri [[Federasi Malaya]], mengumumkan sebuah rencana untuk membentuk federasi yang lebih besar bersama dengan [[Singapura]], Sarawak, Sabah dan Brunei, yang disebut Malaysia. Pada 17 Januari 1962, [[Komisi Cobbold]] dibentuk untuk menggerakan dukungan Sarawak dan Sabah terhadap federasi tersebut. Komisi Cobbold mengabarkan 80 persen dukungan untuk federasi tersebut.<ref>{{cite web|title=Formation of Malaysia 16 September 1963|url=http://www.arkib.gov.my/en/web/guest/penubuhan-malaysia-16-september-1963?p_p_id=56_INSTANCE_Oj0d&p_p_lifecycle=0&p_p_state=normal&p_p_mode=view&p_p_col_id=column-inner-3&p_p_col_count=1&page=1|publisher=[[Arsip Nasional Malaysia]]|accessdate=8 November 2015|archive-date=2016-03-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307120947/http://www.arkib.gov.my/en/web/guest/penubuhan-malaysia-16-september-1963?p_p_id=56_INSTANCE_Oj0d&p_p_lifecycle=0&p_p_state=normal&p_p_mode=view&p_p_col_id=column-inner-3&p_p_col_count=1&page=1|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=JC|first1=Fong|title=Formation of Malaysia|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2011/09/16/formation-of-malaysia/|accessdate=8 November 2015|publisher=The Borneo Post|date=16 September 2011}}</ref> Pada 23 Oktober 1962, lima partai politik di Sarawak membentuk sebuah front persatuan yang mendukung pembentukan Malaysia.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Tai|first1=Yong Tan|title=Creating "Greater Malaysia": Decolonization and the Politics of Merger|date=2008|publisher=[[Institute of Southeast Asian Studies]]|isbn=978-981-230-747-7|pages=154–169|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ue77C4zp4pcC&pg=PA155|accessdate=8 November 2015|chapter=Chapter Six: Borneo Territories and Brunei}}</ref> Sarawak [[Hari Kemerdekaan Sarawak|resmi meraih kemerdekaan]] pada 22 Juli 1963,<ref name="Porritt1997"/><ref name="Mathews2014"/> dan kemudian membentuk federasi Malaysia dengan Malaya, Borneo Utara, dan Singapura pada 16 September 1963.<ref>{{cite web|title=Trust and Non-self governing territories|url=http://www.un.org/Depts/dpi/decolonization/trust2.htm|publisher=United Nations|accessdate=2 April 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110503183847/http://www.un.org/Depts/dpi/decolonization/trust2.htm#3|archivedate=3 May 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=United Nations Member States|url=http://www.un.org/press/en/2006/org1469.doc.htm#_edn16|publisher=United Nations|accessdate=1 April 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305033119/http://www.un.org/press/en/2006/org1469.doc.htm|archivedate=5 March 2016|date=3 July 2006}}</ref> Federasi Malaysia mengadapi penentangan dari Filipina, Indonesia, [[Partai Rakyat Brunei]], dan kelompok-kelompok komunis yang berbasis di Sarawak. Pada 1962, [[Pemberontakan Brunei]] pecah.<ref>{{cite web|title=Brunei Revolt breaks out – 8 December 1962|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/history/events/521bbca2-d44c-47bc-ba06-c3e1763e5a10|publisher=[[National Library Board]] (Singapore)|accessdate=9 November 2015}}</ref> Presiden Indonesia [[Sukarno]] memerintahkan sebuah konfrontasi militer dengan Malaysia, mengirim para sukarelawan bersenjata dan kemudian pasukan militer ke Sarawak.<ref>[https://treaties.un.org/doc/publication/unts/volume%20550/volume-550-i-8029-english.pdf United Nations Treaty Registered No. 8029, Manila Accord between Philippines, Federation of Malaya and Indonesia (31 July 1963)] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101011000000/http://untreaty.un.org/unts/1_60000/16/16/00030780.pdf |date=11 October 2010 }}. Retrieved on 12 August 2011.</ref><ref>[http://untreaty.un.org/unts/1_60000/18/5/00034224.pdf United Nations Treaty Series No. 8809, Agreement relating to the implementation of the Manila Accord]{{dead link|date=December 2016}} {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111012141416/http://untreaty.un.org/unts/1_60000/18/5/00034224.pdf |date=12 October 2011 }}. Retrieved on 12 August 2011.</ref> Ribuan anggota OKC datang ke [[Kalimantan]] dan dilatih oleh [[Partai Komunis Indonesia]]. Saat [[Suharto]] menggantikan Sukarno sebagai presiden Indonesia, negosiasi dimulai kembali antara Malaysia dan Indonesia yang berujung pada akhir konfrontasi pada 11 Agustus 1966. Kelompok komunis pertama di Sarawak dibentuk pada 1951. Partai Komunis Kalimantan Utara (PKKU) (yang juga dikenal sebagai Organisasi Komunis Clandestine (OKC) oleh sumber-sumber pemerintah) secara resmi dibentuk pada 1970.<ref name=Fairlandsarawak/><ref group=note>The first Communist group to be formed in Sarawak&nbsp;... (page 95)</ref> Weng Min Chyuan dan [[Bong Kee Chok]] adalah dua pemimpin komunis terkenal. Pada 1973, Bong menyerah kepada ketua menteri [[Abdul Rahman Ya'kub]]; hal tersebut secara signifikan mengurangi kekuatan partai komunis. Namun, Weng, yang memimpin OKS dari Tiongkok sejak pertengahan 1960an1960-an, menyerukan perjuangan bersenjata melawan pemerintah, yang setelah 1974 berlanjut di [[Sungai Rajang|Delta Rajang]]. Pada akhirnya, pada 17 Oktober 1990, PKKU menandatangani perjanjian damai dengan pemerintah Sarawak. Hal ini mengakhiri akhir pemberontakan komunis di Sarawak.<ref>{{cite web|last1=James|first1=Chin|title=Book Review: The Rise and Fall of Communism in Sarawak 1940–1990|url=http://kyotoreview.org/book-review/book-review-the-rise-and-fall-of-communism-in-sarawak-1940-1990/|publisher=Kyoto Review of South East Asia|accessdate=10 November 2015}}</ref><ref name="chanwong">{{cite web |url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2011/09/16/saga-of-communist-insurgency-in-sarawak/ |title=Saga of communist insurgency in Sarawak |last1=Chan |first1=Francis |last2=Wong |first2=Phyllis |date=16 September 2011 |work= |publisher=''[[The Borneo Post]]'' |accessdate=10 January 2013}}</ref>

Kepala negara bagian Sarawak adalah [[Daftar Yang di-Pertua Negeri Sarawak|Yang di-Pertua Negeri]] (juga dikenal sebagai TYT atau Gubernur Negara Bagian), sebuah jabatan yang sebagian besar simbolik, yang dilantik oleh [[Yang di-Pertuan Agong]] (raja) Malaysia.<ref name=Governance>{{cite web|title=About Sarawak – Governance|url=http://www.spu.sarawak.gov.my/governance.html|website=Official website of State Planning Unit – Chief Minister's Department of Sarawak|accessdate=14 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130913195537/http://www.spu.sarawak.gov.my/governance.html|archivedate=13 September 2013 }}</ref> Sejak 2014, jabatan tersebut dipegang oleh [[Abdul Taib Mahmud]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Yang di-Pertua Negeri|url=http://www.sarawak.gov.my/web/home/article_view/173/189/|publisher=Sarawak Government|accessdate=12 January 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907192409/http://www.sarawak.gov.my/web/home/article_view/173/189/|archivedate=7 September 2015}}</ref> TYT melantik [[Daftar Ketua Menteri Sarawak|ketua menteri]] sebagai [[kepala pemerintahan]]. Ketua menteri saat ininya adalah [[Abang Johari Openg]] ([[Barisan Nasional|BN]]).<ref name="Berita Harian">{{cite web|title=Abang Johari Ketua Menteri baharu Sarawak|url=http://www.bharian.com.my/node/234039|website=BH Online|publisher=Berita Harian|accessdate=13 January 2017}}</ref> Umumnya, pemimpin partai yang mendapatkan suara mayoritas Majelis Legislatif negara bagian tersebut dilantik sebagai ketua menteri. Para perwakilan terpiki dikenal sebagai anggota majelis negara bagian. Majelis negara bagian mengesahkan hukum-hukum pada subyek yang tidak berada di bawah yuridiksi [[Parlemen Malaysia]] seperti administrasi lahan, pekerjaan, kehutanan, imigrasi, perkapalan dagang dan perikanan. Pemerintah negara bagian diurus oleh ketua menteri dan menteri-menteri kabinet dan asisten-asisten menterinya.<ref>{{cite web|title=My Constitution: Sabah, Sarawak and special interests|url=http://www.malaysianbar.org.my/constitutional_law_committee/my_constitution_sabah_sarawak_and_special_interests.html|publisher=[[Malaysian Bar]]|accessdate=13 November 2015|archiveurl=httphttps://archive.istoday/moxNh20161119121428/http://www.malaysianbar.org.my/constitutional_law_committee/my_constitution_sabah_sarawak_and_special_interests.html| archivedate=23 November 20152016-11-19|date=2 February 2011|dead-url=no}}</ref>

Untuk melindungi kepentingan orang-orang Sarawak di federasi Malaysia, pengamanan khusus dimasukkan dalam [[Konstitusi Malaysia]]. Sarawak memiliki kekuasaan untuk mengkontrol entri tersebut dan keresidenan non-Sarawak dan non-Sabah. Hanya pengacara yang tinggal di Sarawak yang dapat berpraktik hukum disana. Mahkamah Tinggi Sarawak adalah Mahkamah Tinggi independen di Semenanjung Malaysia. Ketua menteri Sarawak harus berkonsultasi sebelum pelantikan ketua hakim Mahkamah Tinggi Sarawak. Terdapat juga Mahkamah Penduduk Asli di Sarawak. Sarawak meraih pemberian khusus dari pemerintah federal dan mengubah pajak penjualannya sendiri. Penduduk asli di Sarawak menikmati hak-hak khusus seperti kuota dan pekerjaan dalam layanan publik, beasiswa, penempatan universitas, dan ijin usaha.<ref>{{cite web|title=My Constitution: About Sabah and Sarawak|url=http://www.malaysianbar.org.my/constitutional_law_committee/my_constitution_about_sabah_and_sarawak.html|publisher=Malaysian Bar|accessdate=13 November 2015 |archiveurl= httphttps://archive.istoday/LToo0 20161119121136/http://www.malaysianbar.org.my/constitutional_law_committee/my_constitution_about_sabah_and_sarawak.html| archivedate=23 November 2015 2016-11-19|date=10 January 2011|dead-url=no}}</ref> Pemerintah lokal di Sarawak adalah independen menurut hukum otoritas lokal yang diberlakukan oleh parlemen Malaysia.<ref name=95D>[[s:Constitution of Malaysia#Article 95d|Article 95D]], Constitution of Malaysia. Accessed on 6 August 2008.</ref>

| image2 = Abang.Johari.Tun.Openg.jpg

Pada 1970, [[pemilihan negara bagian Sarawak 1969|pemilihan negara bagian Sarawak pertama]] diadakan, dimana para anggota Dewan Negeri (sekarang Majelis Legislatif Negara Bagian Sarawak) dipilih langsung oleh para pemilih. Pemilihan tersebut juga menandai permulaan dominasi etnis [[Melanau]] dalam politik Sarawak oleh [[Abdul Rahman Ya'kub]] dan Abdul Taib Mahmud. Pada tahun yang sama, Partai Komunis Kalimantan Utara (PKKU) dibentuk, yang melakukan perang gerilya melawan pemerintahan negara bagian Sarawak yang baru terpilih. Partai tersebut dibubarkan setelah menandatangani perjanjian damai pada 1990.<ref name="chanwong" /> Pada 1973, [[Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu]] (PBB) lahir setelah penggabungan beberapa partai.<ref name=DAPJOURNAL>{{cite journal |last1= Chin |first1= James|year= 1996 |title= The Sarawak Chinese Voters and Their Support for the Democratic Action Party (DAP)|journal= Southeast Asian Studies |volume= 34 |issue= 2|pages= 387–401|publisher=Kyoto University Research Information Repository |doi= |url= http://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/56593/1/KJ00000131931.pdf|accessdate=19 June 2014}}</ref> Partai tersebut kemudian akan menjadi tulang punggung koalisi BN Sarawak. Sejak 1983, sebuah partai yang berbasis Dayak, SNAP, telah terpecah menjadi beberapa pecahan partai karena krisis-krisis kepemimpinan bertubi-tubi.<ref>{{cite news |title= SNAP faces more resignations over BN move |url= http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/01/09/snap-faces-more-resignations-over-bn-move/ |date= 9 January 2013 |last= Tawie |first= Joseph |publisher= [[Free Malaysia Today]] |accessdate= 19 June 2014 |archive-date= 2015-01-13 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150113164442/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/01/09/snap-faces-more-resignations-over-bn-move/ |dead-url= yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title= Analysis: Party loyalty counts for little in Sarawak |url=http://www.themalaymailonline.com/malaysia/article/analysis-party-loyalty-counts-for-little-in-sarawak|date= 23 May 2014 |last= Mering |first= Raynore|publisher=[[The Malay Mail]] |accessdate=19 June 2014}}</ref> Sarawak awalnya mengadakan pemilihan negara bagian bersamaan dengan pemilihan parlementer nasional. Namun, ketua menteri pada waktu itu Abdul Rahman Ya'kub menunda pembubaran majelis negara bagian selama setahun untuk menyiapkan tantangan yang yang ditaruh oleh partai-partai oposisi dan untuk menyelesaikan alokasi kursi untuk partai SNAP yang baru masuk dalam BN Sarawak.<ref name="Faisal">{{cite book|last1=Faisal|first1=S Hazis|title=Domination and Contestation: Muslim Bumiputera Politics in Sarawak|date=2012|publisher=[[Institute of Southeast Asian Studies]]|isbn=978-981-4311-58-8|pages=84, 86, 97|url=https://books.google.com.my/books?id=nhAU_JcFNZ0C&pg=PA86|accessdate=11 December 2015|quote=Rahman was responsible for inserting a provision on Islam, known as Article 4(1) and (2), in the ''negeri'' constitution, which states that "The Yang di-Pertuan Agong shall be the Head of religion of Islam in Sarawak" and the Council Negri is empowered to make provisions for regulating Islamic affairs through a Council to advise the Yang di-Pertuan Agong."(page 86)&nbsp;... Rahman also introduced several policy changes aimed at accelerating the central state's Malaysianisation process. First, the strongman-politician introduced a motion in the Council Negri to make Bahasa Malaysia and English as ''negeri''{{'s}} official languages. The motion was unanimously passed on 26 March 1974.(page{{nbsp}}84){{nbsp}}&nbsp;... The strongman-politician postponed the ''negeri'' election because he was not ready to face the wrath of opposition parties, especially PAJAR. Furthermore, SBN was facing an internal conflict over the allocation of ''negeri'' seats, especially after the inclusion of SNAP as the third member of the coalition. So, for the first time, parliamentary and ''negeri'' elections were held separately.(page{{nbsp}}91)}}</ref> Hal ini menjadikan Sarawak satu-satunya negara bagian di Malaysia yang mengadakan pemilihan negara bagian terpisah dari pemilihan-pemilihan parlementer nasional sejak 1979.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Cheng|first1=Lian|title=Why Sarawak is electorally unique|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2013/04/07/why-sarawak-is-electorally-unique/|accessdate=12 January 2016|publisher=The Borneo Post|date=7 April 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150623190736/http://www.theborneopost.com/2013/04/07/why-sarawak-is-electorally-unique/|archivedate=23 June 2015|quote=For this reason, Sarawak held its state and parliamentary elections separately – and has been adhering to the practice since 1979 whereas all the other states still hold the two elections concurrently (see Table).}}</ref>

Pada 1978, [[Partai Aksi Demokrat]] (PAD) menjadi partai berbasis Malaysia Barat pertama yang membuka cabang-cabangnya di Sarawak.<ref name=DAPJOURNAL /> Partai tersebut mendapatkan mayoritas dukungannya dari pusat-pusat perkotaan sejak [[pemilihan negara bagian Sarawak 2006|pemilihan negara bagian 2006]] dan menjadi partai oposisi terbesar di Sarawak.<ref>{{cite news |title= BN retains Sarawak, Taib sworn in as CM|url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2011/04/16/unofficial-results-bn-retains-sarawak/|date= 16 April 2011 |last= |first= |publisher=[[Free Malaysia Today]] |accessdate=23 June 2014|archive-date=2015-01-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113155746/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2011/04/16/unofficial-results-bn-retains-sarawak/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Pada 2010, partai tersebut membentuk koalisi [[Pakatan Rakyat]] dengan [[Parti Keadilan Rakyat]] (PKR) dan [[Parti Islam Se-Malaysia]] (PAS); dua partai tersebut telah aktif di Sarawak antara 1996 dan 2001.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2010/4/24/nation/6125445&sec=nation |title=DAP: Sarawak Pakatan formed to promote two-party system |last=Chua |first=Andy |date=24 April 2010 |work=[[The Star (Malaysia)]] |publisher=Star Publications |accessdate=23 June 2014 |archive-date=2010-04-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100425074915/http://www.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2010%2F4%2F24%2Fnation%2F6125445&sec=nation |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Sarawak adalah satu-satunya negara bagian di Malaysia dimana partai-partai komponen yang berbasis di Semenanjung dalam koalisi BN, khususnya [[United Malays National Organisation|UMNO]], tidak aktif dalam politik Sarawak.<ref>{{cite news |title= Muhyiddin: Umno need not be in Sarawak |url=http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2014/02/14/Muhyiddin-Umno-need-not-be-in-Sarawak/|date= 14 February 2014 |last= Ling |first= Sharon |publisher=[[The Star (Malaysia)]] |accessdate=23 June 2014}}</ref>

=== DivisiPembagian administratif ===

! DivisiBagian || DistrikDaerah || SubdistrikSubdaerah

<gallery mode="packed" caption="Lanskap-lanskap Sarawak">

Hutan hujan Sarawak memiliki salah satu konsentrasi tertinggi dari spesies per area unit di dunia. Negara bagian tersebut memiliki sekitar 185 spesies mamalia, 530 spesies burung, 166 spesies ular, 104 spesies kadal, dan 113 spesies amfibi. Negara bagian tersebut juga meliputi 19 persen mamalia, 6 persen burung, 20 persen ular dan 32 spesies kadal sebagai spesies [[endemisme|endemik]]. Spesies-spesies tersebut kebanyakan ditemukan di Kawasan yang Dilindungi Penuh. Terdapat 2,000 spesies pohon, 1,000 spesies mawar, 757 spesies tumbuhan paku dan 260 spesies palem.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sarawak National Park – Biodiversity Conservation|url=http://www.sarawakforestry.com/htm/snp-bc.html|publisher=Sarawak Forestry Department|accessdate=17 November 2015|archive-date=2015-11-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151128010731/http://www.sarawakforestry.com/htm/snp-bc.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Negara bagian tersebut juga merupakan habitat hewan-hewan terancam, yang meliputi [[gajah kalimantan]], [[bekantan]], [[orangutan]] dan [[badak]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/earthpicturegalleries/8296131/Rainforest-is-destroyed-for-palm-oil-plantations-on-Malaysias-island-state-of-Sarawak.html?image=5 |title=Rainforest is destroyed for palm oil plantations on Malaysia's island state of Sarawak (Image 1) |publisher=The Daily Telegraph |accessdate=21 August 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110206085015/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/earthpicturegalleries/8296131/Rainforest-is-destroyed-for-palm-oil-plantations-on-Malaysias-island-state-of-Sarawak.html?image=5 |archivedate=6 February 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/earthpicturegalleries/8296131/Rainforest-is-destroyed-for-palm-oil-plantations-on-Malaysias-island-state-of-Sarawak.html?image=6 |title=Rainforest is destroyed for palm oil plantations on Malaysia's island state of Sarawak (Image 2) |publisher=The Daily Telegraph |accessdate=21 August 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110208012219/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/earthpicturegalleries/8296131/Rainforest-is-destroyed-for-palm-oil-plantations-on-Malaysias-island-state-of-Sarawak.html?image=6 |archivedate=8 February 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/earthpicturegalleries/8296131/Rainforest-is-destroyed-for-palm-oil-plantations-on-Malaysias-island-state-of-Sarawak.html?image=8 |title=Rainforest is destroyed for palm oil plantations on Malaysia's island state of Sarawak (Image 3) |publisher=The Daily Telegraph |accessdate=21 August 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110207212130/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/earthpicturegalleries/8296131/Rainforest-is-destroyed-for-palm-oil-plantations-on-Malaysias-island-state-of-Sarawak.html?image=8 |archivedate=7 February 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2013/05/05/sumatran-orangutans-rainforest-home-faces-new-threat/|title=Sumatran Orangutans' rainforest home faces new threat|work=[[Agence France-Presse]]|publisher=The Borneo Post|date=5 May 2013|accessdate=21 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{IUCN2008|assessor=Meijaard, E.|assessor2=Nijman, V.|assessor3=Supriatna, J.|last-assessor-amp=yes|year=2008|id=14352|title=Nasalis larvatus|downloaded=4 January 2009}}</ref> Pusat Kehidupan Liar Matang, Cagar Alam Semenggoh, dan [[Suaka Margasatwa Lanjak Entimau]]<ref>{{cite web|title=25 success stories|url=http://www.itto.int/direct/topics/topics_pdf_download/topics_id=2796&no=0&disp=inline|publisher=[[International Tropical Timber Organization]] (ITTO)|accessdate=16 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613011444/http://www.itto.int/direct/topics/topics_pdf_download/topics_id=2796&no=0&disp=inline%3D2796%26no%3D0%26disp%3Dinline|archivedate=2015-06-13 June 2015 |pages=44–45|dead-url=no}}</ref> dikenal karena program perlindungan orangutan mereka.<ref>{{cite web|title=Semenggoh Nature Reserve|url=http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/semenggoh-nature-reserve/|publisher=Sarawak Tourism Board|accessdate=16 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150508013152/http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/semenggoh-nature-reserve/|archivedate=8 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Matang Wildlife Centre|url=http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/matang-wildlife-centre/|publisher=Sarawak Tourism Board|accessdate=16 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150514234944/http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/matang-wildlife-centre/|archivedate=14 May 2015}}</ref> Taman Nasional Talang{{ndash}}Satang dikenal karena inisiatif konservasi penyu-nya.<ref>{{cite web|title=Talang-Satang National Park|url=http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/talang-satang-national-park/|publisher=Sarawak Tourism Board|accessdate=16 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116071641/http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/talang-satang-national-park/|archivedate=16 November 2015}}</ref> [[Pengamatan burung]] adalah sebuah aktivitas umum di berbagai taman nasional seperti Taman Nasional Gunung Mulu, Taman Nasional Perbukitan Lambir,<ref>{{cite web|title=Birding in Sarawak|url=http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/birding-in-sarawak/|publisher=Sarawak Tourism Board|accessdate=16 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150516085037/http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/birding-in-sarawak/|archivedate=16 May 2015}}</ref> dan [[Taman Nasional Similajau]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Similajau National Park|url=http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/similajau-national-park/|publisher=Sarawak Toursim Board|accessdate=16 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150508014847/http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/similajau-national-park/|archivedate=8 May 2015}}</ref> Taman Nasional Miri{{ndash}}Sibuti dikenal karena terumbu karangnya<ref>{{cite web|title=Diving in Miri-Sibuti Coral Reefs National Park|url=http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/diving-in-miri-sibuti-coral-reef-national-park/|publisher=Sarawak Tourism Board|accessdate=16 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504000343/http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/diving-in-miri-sibuti-coral-reef-national-park/|archivedate=4 May 2015}}</ref> dan Taman Nasional Gunung Gading dikenal karena bunga-bunga ''[[Rafflesia]]''-nya.<ref>{{cite web|title=Gunung Gading National Park|url=http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/gunung-gading-national-park/|publisher=Sarawak Tourism Board|accessdate=16 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150516085552/http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/gunung-gading-national-park/|archivedate=16 May 2015}}</ref> [[Taman Nasional Bako]], taman nasional tertua di Sarawak, dikenal karena 275 spesies bekantan-nya,<ref>{{cite web|title=Bako National Park|url=http://www.sarawakforestry.com/htm/snp-np-bako.html|publisher=Sarawak Forestry Corporation|accessdate=26 December 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925040118/http://www.sarawakforestry.com/htm/snp-np-bako.html|archivedate=25 September 2015}}</ref> dan Taman Pemakan Serangga Padawan dikenal karena berbagai [[tumbuhan pemakan serangga]] karnivora-nya.<ref>{{cite web|title=Padawan Pitcher Plant & Wild Orchid Centre|url=http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/padawan-pitcher-plant-wild-orchid-garden/|publisher=Sarawak Tourism Board|accessdate=16 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150409045310/http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/padawan-pitcher-plant-wild-orchid-garden/|archivedate=9 April 2015}}</ref> Pada 1854, [[Alfred Russel Wallace]] mengunjungi Sarawak. Setahun kemudian, ia merumuskan "Hukum Sarawak" yang membentuk dasar teori [[seleksi alam]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Rogers|first1=Alan|title=Wallace and the Sarawak Law|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2013/07/14/wallace-and-the-sarawak-law/|accessdate=15 November 2016|publisher=The Borneo Post|date=14 July 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161115022532/http://www.theborneopost.com/2013/07/14/wallace-and-the-sarawak-law/|archivedate=15 November 2016}}</ref>

Pemerintah negara bagian Sarawak telah mengeluarkan beberapa hukum untuk melindungi hutan dan spesies liar terancam, yang merliputi Undang-Undang Kehutanan 1958,<ref>{{cite book|title=Forests Ordinance Chapter 126|edition=1958|date=31 July 1998|publisher=Sarawak Forestry Corporation|location=Kuching, Sarawak|url=http://www.sarawakforestry.com/pdf/laws/forests_ordinance_chapter_126.pdf|accessdate=16 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116024436/http://www.sarawakforestry.com/pdf/laws/forests_ordinance_chapter_126.pdf|archivedate=16 November 2015}}</ref> Undang-Undang Perlindungan Kehidupan Liar 1998,<ref>{{cite book|title=Wild Life Protection Ordinance, 1998 – Chapter 26|date=1998|publisher=Sarawak Forestry Corporation|location=Kuching, Sarawak|url=http://www.sarawakforestry.com/pdf/laws/wildlife_protection_ordinance98_chap26.pdf|accessdate=16 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116024720/http://www.sarawakforestry.com/pdf/laws/wildlife_protection_ordinance98_chap26.pdf|archivedate=16 November 2015}}</ref> dan Undang-Undang Suaka Margasatwa dan Cagar Alam Sarawak.<ref>{{cite web|title=Malaysia:Sarawak Natural Parks and Nature Reserve Ordinance|url=http://www.globinmed.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=104012:sarawak-natural-parks-and-nature-reserves-ordinance-1998-new&catid=259|publisher=GlobinMed|accessdate=16 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116024950/http://www.globinmed.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=104012:sarawak-natural-parks-and-nature-reserves-ordinance-1998-new&catid=259|archivedate=16 November 2015}}</ref> Beberapa spesies yang dilindingi adalah [[orangutan]], [[penyu hijau]], [[kubung Sunda|kubung]], dan ''[[Bycanistes fistulator]]''. Di bawah Undang-Undang Perlindungan Kehidupan Liar 1998, penduduk asli Sarawak diberi ujun untuk berburu hewan-hewan liar di hutan namun tidak boleh memiliki daging seberat lebih dari {{convert|5|kg}}.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Lian|first1=Cheng|title=Protected wildlife on the menu|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2013/03/31/protected-wildlife-on-the-menu/|accessdate=16 November 2015|publisher=The Borneo Post|date=31 March 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130401105507/http://www.theborneopost.com/2013/03/31/protected-wildlife-on-the-menu/|archivedate=1 April 2013|quote=Hunting wild animals for food is a culture of Sarawak natives. Though most of them have adapted to modern ways, there are some groups such as the Penans still relying on wild animals as the main source of protein. As such, it is permissible for them to possess the meat of animals listed under the "restricted" category. These are wildlife which are protected but breeding in large number such as the wild boars. However, the meat to be taken should not exceed five kgs [sic] under the Wild Life Protection Ordinance 1998 (Amendment 2003).}}</ref> Departemen Kehutanan Sarawak didirikan pada 1919 untuk melindungi sumber daya hutan di negara bagian tersebut.<ref>{{cite web|title=History|url=http://www.forestry.sarawak.gov.my/modules/web/pages.php?mod=webpage&sub=page&id=75&menu_id=0&sub_id=115|publisher=Official website of Forest Department Sarawak|accessdate=16 November 2015|quote=Mr. J.P. Mead became the first Conservator of Forests, Sarawak Forest Department, in 1919. The objectives of the Department were to manage and conserve the State's forest resources.|archive-date=2016-11-19|archive-url=https://archive.today/20161119121104/http://www.forestry.sarawak.gov.my/modules/web/pages.php?mod=webpage&sub=page&id=75&menu_id=0&sub_id=115|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Setelah kritikan internasional terhadap industri penebangan di Sarawak, pemerintah negara bagian memutuskan untuk meniadakan Departemen Kehutanan Sarawak dan membentuk Perusahaan Kehutanan Sarawak pada 1995.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Barney|first1=Chan|title=6. INSTITUTIONAL RESTRUCTURING IN SARAWAK, MALAYSIA|url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/010/ai412e/AI412E10.htm|publisher=[[Organisasi Pangan dan Pertanian Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa]]|accessdate=16 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120719063139/http://www.fao.org/docrep/010/ai412e/AI412E10.htm|archivedate=19 July 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sarawak Forestry Corporation – About Us – FAQ|url=http://www.sarawakforestry.com/htm/aboutus-faq.html|publisher=Sarawak Forestry Corporation|accessdate=16 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150512164659/http://www.sarawakforestry.com/htm/aboutus-faq.html|archivedate=12 May 2015 }}</ref> Pusat Keragaman Hayati Sarawak dibentuk pada 1997 untuk konservasi, perlindungan dan pengembangan keragaman hayati di negara bagian tersebut.<ref>{{cite web|title=About Sarawak Biodiversity Centre – Profile|url=http://www.sbc.org.my/about-sbc|publisher=Sarawak Biodiversity Centre|accessdate=16 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141206075233/http://www.sbc.org.my/about-sbc|archivedate=6 December 2014 }}</ref>

Persentase hutan saat ini yang menyelimuti Sarawak telah menjadi kontroversial. Ketua menteri [[Abdul Taib Mahmud]] mengklaim bahwa negara bagian tersebut meliputi 70 persen hutan pada 2011 dan 48 persen pada 2012.<ref name="Taibawangforests">{{cite news|last1=Joseph|first1=Tawie|title='What's really left of our forest, Taib?'|url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2012/10/25/whats-really-left-of-our-forest-taib/|accessdate=16 November 2015|publisher=Free Malaysia Today|date=25 October 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102121203/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2012/10/25/whats-really-left-of-our-forest-taib/|archivedate=2 November 2012}}</ref> Namun, pada 2012 menteri kabinetnya mengklaim bahwa hutannya meliputi 80 persen.<ref name="Taibawangforests" /> Pemerintah Sarawak juga berencana untuk memulihkan 60 persen hutan pada tahun-tahun mendatang.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Lim|first1=How Pim|title=Sarawak to maintain its 60 pct forest cover — Awang Tengah|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2014/02/28/sarawak-to-maintain-its-60-pct-forest-cover-awang-tengah/|accessdate=16 November 2015|publisher=The Borneo Post|date=28 February 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116100011/http://www.theborneopost.com/2014/02/28/sarawak-to-maintain-its-60-pct-forest-cover-awang-tengah/|archivedate=16 November 2015}}</ref> Departemen Kehutanan Sarawak menyatakan bahwa hutannya meliputi 80 persen pada 2012.<ref>{{cite web|title=Types and Categories of Sarawak's Forests|url=http://www.forestry.sarawak.gov.my/modules/web/pages.php?mod=webpage&sub=page&id=593&menu_id=0&sub_id=160|publisher=Sarawak Forest Department|accessdate=16 November 2015|archive-date=2016-11-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161122014750/http://www.forestry.sarawak.gov.my/modules/web/pages.php?mod=webpage&sub=page&id=593&menu_id=0&sub_id=160|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Sebaliknya, media asing menyatakan bahwa Srawak telah kehilangan 90 persen hutannya<ref>{{cite news|last1=Rhett|first1=A. Butler|title=Google Earth reveals stark contrast between Sarawak's damaged forests and those in neighboring Borneo states|url=http://news.mongabay.com/2011/03/google-earth-reveals-stark-contrast-between-sarawaks-damaged-forests-and-those-in-neighboring-borneo-states/|accessdate=16 November 2015|publisher=[[Mongabay]]|date=28 March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Deforestation in Sarawak – Log tale|url=http://www.economist.com/news/finance-and-economics/21565622-new-investigation-accuses-hsbc-ignoring-its-own-sustainability-policies-log|accessdate=16 November 2015|publisher=The Economist|date=3 November 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151013212241/http://www.economist.com/news/finance-and-economics/21565622-new-investigation-accuses-hsbc-ignoring-its-own-sustainability-policies-log|archivedate=13 October 2015}}</ref> dengan hanya 3 persen sampai 5 persen yang masih ada.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Jerome|first1=Chove|last2=Jane|first2=E Bryan|last3=Philip|first3=L Shearman|last4=Gregory|first4=P Asner|last5=David|first5=E Knapp|last6=Geraldine|first6=Aoro|last7=Barbara|first7=Lokes|title=Extreme Differences in Forest Degradation in Borneo: Comparing Practices in Sarawak, Sabah, and Brunei|journal=[[Plos One]]|date=17 July 2013|volume=8|issue=7|pages=e69679|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0069679|pmc=3714267}}</ref> Menurut [[Wetlands International]], 10 persen dari seluruh hutan Sarawak dan 33 persen hutan gambut digunduli antara 2005 dan 2010, yang 3.5 kali lebih tinggi ketimbang total tingkat pengawahutanan di Asia dan 11.7 kali lebih dari pengawahutanan gambut di Asia.<ref>{{cite web|title=New figures: palm oil destroys Malaysia's peatswamp forests faster than ever|url=http://www.wetlands.org/News/Pressreleases/tabid/60/ID/2583/New-figures-palm-oil-destroys-Malaysias-peatswamp-forests-faster-than-ever.aspx|publisher=[[Wetlands International]]|accessdate=17 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150627052602/http://www.wetlands.org/News/Pressreleases/tabid/60/ID/2583/New-figures-palm-oil-destroys-Malaysias-peatswamp-forests-faster-than-ever.aspx|archivedate=27 June 2015 |date=1 February 2011|quote=Between 2005–2010 almost 353,000 hectare of the one million hectare peat swamp forests were opened up at high speed; largely for palm oil production. In just 5 years time, almost 10% of all Sarawak's forests and 33% of the peat swamp forests have been cleared. Of this, 65% was for conversion to palm oil production.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Malaysia destroying its forests three times faster than all Asia combined|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/earth/earthnews/8295896/Malaysia-destroying-its-forests-three-times-faster-than-all-Asia-combined.html|accessdate=17 November 2015|publisher=The Daily Telegraph|date=1 February 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117083103/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/earth/earthnews/8295896/Malaysia-destroying-its-forests-three-times-faster-than-all-Asia-combined.html|archivedate=17 November 2015|quote="Total deforestation in Sarawak is 3.5 times as much as that for entire Asia, while deforestation of peat swamp forest is 11.7 times as much," the report said.}}</ref>

Hutan-hutan hujan Sarawak secara bertahap berkurang karena industri [[penebangan]] dan penanaman kelapa sawit.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Tom|first1=Young|title=Malaysian palm oil destroying forests, report warns|url=http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2011/feb/02/malaysian-palm-oil-forests|accessdate=28 July 2015|publisher=The Guardian|date=2 February 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140529234141/http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2011/feb/02/malaysian-palm-oil-forests|archivedate=29 May 2014}}</ref> Masalah hak asasi manusia [[Penan]] dan pengawahutanan di Sarawak menjadi masalah lingkungan hidup internasional saat aktivis Swiss [[Bruno Manser]] masuk Sarawak dari 1984 sampai 2000.<ref>{{cite news |title=Without a Trace|url=http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,172580,00.html|date=3 September 2001 |last= Elegant |first= Simon |publisher=[[Time (majalah)|Time magazine Asia]]|accessdate=14 August 2014|subscription=yes}}</ref> Pengawahutanan berdampak pada kehidupan suku-suku pribumi, khususnya Penan, yang hidupnya sangat bergantung pada produksi hutan. Hal tersebut menyebabkan beberapa blokade oleh suku-suku asli, pada 1980an1980-an dan 1990an1990-an melawan perusahaan-perusahaan penebangan yang merampas tanah mereka.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sarawak and the Penan|url=http://bmf.ch/en/about-us/sarawak-and-the-penan/|accessdate=17 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150708203915/http://www.bmf.ch/en/about-us/sarawak-and-the-penan/|archivedate=8 July 2015}}</ref> Terdapat juga kasus dimana lahan-lahan yang dimiliki penduduk asli diberikan kepada perusahaan penanaman dan kayu tanpa ijin penduduk lokal.<ref>{{cite web|title=Native Customary Rights in Sarawak|url=http://www.culturalsurvival.org/publications/cultural-survival-quarterly/malaysia/native-customary-rights-sarawak|publisher=[[Cultural Survival]]|accessdate=17 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151005075934/http://www.culturalsurvival.org/publications/cultural-survival-quarterly/malaysia/native-customary-rights-sarawak|archivedate=5 October 2015}}</ref> Penduduk pribumi menuntut penindakan hukum untuk pengembalian hak atas lahan mereka. Pada 2001, Pengadilan Tinggi Sarawak secara penuh penindakan lahan penduduk asli yang diklaim oleh orang Rumah Nor, namun hanya sebagian pada 2005. Namun, kasus tersebut dipandang sebagai preseden, yang menyebabkan kebanyakan hak atas lahan penduduk asli dipegang oleh pengadilan tinggi pada tahun-tahun berikutnya.<ref>{{cite web|title=Rumah Nor: A Land Rights Case for Malaysia|url=http://borneoproject.org/our-work/rumah-nor-a-land-rights-case-for-malaysia|publisher=The Borneo Project|accessdate=17 November 2015|archive-date=2016-02-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160208085935/http://borneoproject.org/our-work/rumah-nor-a-land-rights-case-for-malaysia|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Jessica|first1=Lawrence|title=Earth Island News – Borneo Project – Indigenous victory overturned|url=http://www.earthisland.org/journal/index.php/eij/article/borneo_project2/|publisher=[[Earth Island Institute]]|accessdate=17 November 2015}}</ref> Kebijakan mega-bendungan Sarawak seperti proyek [[Bendungan Bakun]] dan [[Bendungan Murum]] telah merampas ribuan hektar hutan dan meminggirkan ribuan penduduk asli.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Rhett|first1=Butler|title=Power, profit, and pollution: dams and the uncertain future of Sarawak|url=http://news.mongabay.com/2009/09/power-profit-and-pollution-dams-and-the-uncertain-future-of-sarawak/|publisher=Mongabay|accessdate=17 November 2015|quote=One dam has already displaced 10,000 native people and will flood an area the size of Singapore.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Bakun Dam|url=https://www.internationalrivers.org/campaigns/bakun-dam|publisher=[[International Rivers]]|accessdate=17 November 2015}}</ref> Sejak 2013, proyek [[Bendungan Baram]] yang direncanakan ditunda karena protes-protes dari suku-suku pribumi lokal.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sarawak, Malaysia|url=https://www.internationalrivers.org/campaigns/sarawak-malaysia|publisher=[[International Rivers]]|accessdate=17 November 2015|quote=Work on access roads to the dam site began but came to a halt in October 2013 when local communities launched two blockades to stop construction and other project preparations from proceeding.}}</ref> Sejak 2014, pemerintah Sarawak di bawah ketua menteri baru [[Adenan Satem]] mulai menindak penebangan ilegal di negara bagian tersebut dan meragamkan ekonomi negara bagian tersebut.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Vanitha|first1=Nadaraj|title=Battle Against Illegal Logging in Sarawak Begins|url=http://www.establishmentpost.com/battle-illegal-logging-sarawak-begins/|accessdate=18 November 2015|publisher=The Establishment Post|date=21 September 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150921054212/http://www.establishmentpost.com/battle-illegal-logging-sarawak-begins/|archivedate=21 September 2015}}</ref> Pada 2016, lebih dari 2 juta hektar hutan, yang sebagian besar adalah tempat tinggal orangutan, dideklarasikan menjadi kawasan yang dilindungi.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.mongabay.com/2016/08/sarawak-announces-department-of-national-parks-and-wildlife-to-open-next-year/ |title=Sarawak establishes 2.2M acres of protected areas, may add 1.1M more |author=Mike Gaworecki |newspaper=Mongabay |date=19 August 2016 |accessdate=22 August 2016}}</ref>

Sangat berorientasi ekspor, ekonomi Sarawak dapat menjangkau harga-harga komoditas global. Total ekspor sesuai dengan persentasi PDB adalah lebih dari 100 persen pada 2013 sementara total perdagangannya mencapai 130 persen. Ekspor [[gas alam cair]] meliputi lebih dari setengah total ekspor negara bagian tersebut sementara ekspor minyak bumi meliputi 20.8 persen. Sementara itu, minyak sawit dan [[kayu]] meliputi 9.0 persen total ekspor.<ref name="Sarawakeconomy" /> Sarawak sekarang meraih 5 persen [[pembayaran royalti|royalti]] minyak (persentase produksi minyak dibayar oleh perusahaan pertambangan kepada pemilik [[lease]]) dari [[Petronas]] atas eksploitasi minyak di wilayah perairan Sarawak.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Desmond|first1=Davidson|title=Adenan pledges to keep fighting for 20% oil royalty|url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/adenan-pledges-to-keep-fighting-for-20-oil-royalty|accessdate=19 November 2015|publisher=The Malaysian Insider|date=6 August 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150812052453/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/adenan-pledges-to-keep-fighting-for-20-oil-royalty|archivedate=12 August 2015|quote=Sarawak Chief Minister Tan Sri Adenan Satem today admitted the oil and gas royalty negotiations – for a hike of 15% from 5% to 20% – with Petronas and Putrajaya have ended in deadlock, but has vowed to fight for it "as long as I'm alive".}}</ref> Kebanyakan deposit minyak dan gas berada di lepas pesisir sebelah Bintulu dan Miri di cekungan [[Balingian]], cekungan Baram, dan sekitaran karang Luconia.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Rasoul|first1=Sorkhabi|title=Borneo's Petroleum Plays|date=2012|volume=9|issue=4|url=http://www.geoexpro.com/articles/2012/12/borneo-s-petroleum-plays|accessdate=20 November 2015|publisher=GEO Ex Pro|quote=A simplified map showing the distribution of major sedimentary basins onshore and offshore Borneo.|archive-date=2015-11-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121030834/http://www.geoexpro.com/articles/2012/12/borneo-s-petroleum-plays|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Sarawak juga merupakan salah satu eksportor [[produksi kayu kulit keras|kayu kulit keras]] tropis, yang meliputi 65 persen dari total ekspor kayu Malaysia pada 2000. Statistik [[Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa]] (PBB) terakhir pada 2001 memperkirakan ekspor kayu Sarawak rata-rata sebesar {{convert|14,109,000|m3}} per tahun antara 1996 dan 2000.<ref>{{cite web|title=An overview of forest products statistics in South and Southeast Asia – National forest products statistics, Malaysia|url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/AC778E/AC778E13.htm|publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations]] (FAO)|accessdate=18 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150724070615/http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/AC778E/AC778E13.htm|archivedate=24 July 2015|quote=In 2000, of the country's total sawlog production of 23 million m3, Peninsular Malaysia contributed 22 percent, Sabah 16 percent, and Sarawak 62 percent. Sawlog production figures for 1996–2000 are shown in Table 2.}}</ref> [[Oversea-Chinese Banking Corporation]] (OCBC Bank) adalah bank asing pertama yang membuka cabang-cabangnya di Sarawak pada 1955. Selain bank-bank domestik, 18 bank Eropa, 10 bank Timur Tengah, 11 bank Asia dan lima bank Amerika Utara memiliki cabang-cabang lokalnya di Sarawak.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Sharon|first1=Kong|title=Foreign banks in Sarawak|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2013/09/01/foreign-banks-in-sarawak/|accessdate=21 November 2015|publisher=The Borneo Post|date=1 September 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130912015846/http://www.theborneopost.com/2013/09/01/foreign-banks-in-sarawak/|archivedate=12 September 2013}}</ref> Terdapat juga beberapa perusahaan yang berbasis di Sarawak yang terlibat dalam berbagai sektor ekonomi seperti [[Cahya Mata Sarawak Berhad]] (CMSB), Naim Holdings, [[Rimbunan Hijau]], Ta Ann Holdings, Shin Yang, Samling, WTK (Wong Tuong Kwang) Holdings dan KTS (启德行) Group.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sarawak shakers|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/Story/?file=/2010/3/27/business/5917875|accessdate=21 November 2015|publisher=The Star (Malaysia)|date=27 March 2010|archive-date=2015-11-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121035518/http://www.thestar.com.my/Story/?file=%2F2010%2F3%2F27%2Fbusiness%2F5917875|dead-url=yes}}</ref>

[[Indeks harga konsumen]] (IHK) Sarawak sangat terkorelasi dengan IHK Malaysia, dengan rata-rata inflasi antara 2.5 dan 3.0 persen dari 2009 sampai 2013 dengan tertinggi pada 2008 (10.0 persen) dan terendah pada2009 (−4.0 persen).<ref name="Sarawakeconomy" /> Ketidakseimbangan pendapatan di Sarawak tidak menunjukkan perubahan signifikan dari 1980 sampai 2009, dengan [[koefisien Gini]] meningkat antara 0.4 dan 0.5.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Looi|first1=Kah Yee|title=A study the relationship between economic growth and poverty in Malaysia: 1970–2002 (Chapter 5)|date=2004|publisher=Universiti Malaya (Master Thesis)|page=86|url=http://studentsrepo.um.edu.my/378/6/CHAP5.pdf|accessdate=21 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170110142635/http://studentsrepo.um.edu.my/378/6/CHAP5.pdf|archivedate=6 April 20122017-01-10|chapter=Chapter 5 – Income Inequality effects on growth-poverty relationship|dead-url=unfit}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Midin|first1=Salad|last2=Yu|first2=Ji|title=Addressing the poor-rich gap|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/Story/?file=%2F2011%2F11%2F23%2Fsarawak%2F9957525|accessdate=21 November 2015|publisher=The Star (Malaysia)|date=23 November 2011|quote=PKR's Batu Lintang assemblyman See Chee How told the house a week ago that, in 2009, Sarawak recorded 0.448 on the index. A decade before that, Sarawak had better results at 0.407.|archive-date=2015-11-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121030126/http://www.thestar.com.my/Story/?file=%2F2011%2F11%2F23%2Fsarawak%2F9957525|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Sarawak mengalami penurunan tingkat [[kemiskinan]] dari 56.5 persen (1975) menjadi kurang dari 1 persen (2015).<ref name="Poverty 2014">{{cite news|title=Poverty in Sarawak now below 1%|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/Metro/Community/2015/08/27/Poverty-in-Sarawak-now-below-1/|accessdate=23 November 2015|publisher=The Star (Malaysia)|date=27 August 2015}}</ref> Tingkat pengangguran juga menurun dari 4.6 persen (2010)<ref>{{cite news|title=Sarawak unemployment at 4.6 pct in 2010|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2012/03/16/sarawak-unemployment-at-4-6-pct-in-2010-new/|accessdate=23 November 2015|publisher=The Borneo Post|date=16 March 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141027161213/http://www.theborneopost.com/2012/03/16/sarawak-unemployment-at-4-6-pct-in-2010-new/|archivedate=27 October 2014}}</ref> menjadi 3.1 persen (2014).<ref name="Poverty 2014" />

[[Berkas:French Gypsy band performing during RWMF 2006.jpg|jmpl|Band Gipsi PerancisPrancis tampil pada [[Festival Musik Hutan Hujan Dunia]] 2006]]

Pariwisata memainkan peran besar dalam ekonomi negara bagian tersebut yang memberikan 9.3 persen PDB negara bagian tersebut pada 2015.<ref name="tourist2015">{{cite web|title=Fewer tourists visited Sarawak last year, DUN told|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2016/06/16/fewer-tourists-visited-sarawak-last-year-dun-told/#ixzz4BiYr0pTx|publisher=[[The Borneo Post]]|accessdate=16 June 2016 |archiveurl=|archivedate=}}</ref> Badan Pariwisata Sarawak bertanggungjawab untuk promosi pariwisata di negara bagian tersebut di bawah naungan Kementerian Pariwisata Sarawak. Sementara itu, sektor-sektor pariwisata swastra disatukan di bawah Federasi Pariwisata Sarawak. Biro Konvensi Sarawak bertanggung jawab untuk mengadakan konvensi, konferensi, dan acara-acara perusahan yang diadakan di [[Pusat Konvensi Borneo Kuching]].<ref name="Oxford Business Group Tourism">{{cite web|title=Sarawak's tourism strategy focuses on sustainable development|url=http://www.oxfordbusinessgroup.com/overview/sarawaks-tourism-strategy-focuses-sustainable-development|publisher=Oxford Business Group|accessdate=21 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121001355/http://www.oxfordbusinessgroup.com/overview/sarawaks-tourism-strategy-focuses-sustainable-development|archivedate=21 November 2015}}</ref> Kebanyakan pendatang asing datang dari Brunei, Indonesia, Filipina, Singapura, dan Tiongkok.<ref name="Pulling more tourists to Sarawak">{{cite news|title=Pulling more tourists to Sarawak|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2015/06/27/pulling-more-tourists-to-sarawak/|publisher=[[The Borneo Post]]|accessdate=7 July 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150819065556/http://www.theborneopost.com/2015/06/27/pulling-more-tourists-to-sarawak/|archivedate=19 August 2015}}</ref> Penghargaan Pariwisata Rangkong Sarawak diadakan setiap dua tahun untuk menghargai sektor pariwisata terbaik di negara bagian tersebut.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ava|first1=Lai|title=Valuable prizes await Hornbill winners|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/Metro/Community/2015/07/29/Valuable-prizes-await-Hornbill-winners/|accessdate=20 November 2015|publisher=The Star (Malaysia)|date=29 July 2015}}</ref> [[Festival Musik Hutan Hujan Dunia]] adalah acara "musik dunia" perdana di kawasan tersebut, yang dihadiri lebih dari 20,000 orang setiap tahun.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sarawak fest certain to be a rare treat|url=http://www.bangkokpost.com/archive/sarawak-fest-certain-to-be-a-rare-treat/222869|accessdate=20 November 2015|publisher=[[Bangkok Post]]|date=22 February 2011|subscription=yes}}</ref> Acara-acara yang giat diadakan di Sarawak adalah Festival Film Internasional Perbara, Festival Musik Asia, [[Festival Jazz Borneo]], [[Festival Kebudayaan Borneo]], dan Festival Layangan Internasional Borneo.<ref name="Oxford Business Group Tourism" /> Kompleks perbelanjaan besar di Sarawak meliputi mal The Spring, Boulevard, Hock Lee Centre, City One di Kuching,<ref>{{cite web|title=Shopping Malls in Kuching|url=http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/malls-in-kuching/|publisher=Sarawak Tourism Board|accessdate=28 December 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151228001618/http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/malls-in-kuching/|archivedate=28 December 2015}}</ref> dan mal Bintang Megamall, Boulevard, Imperial Mall, dan Miri Plaza di Miri.<ref>{{cite web|title=Shopping Malls in Miri|url=http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/shopping-malls-in-miri/|publisher=Sarawak Tourism Board|accessdate=28 December 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204143926/http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/shopping-malls-in-miri/|archivedate=4 February 2015}}</ref> IbukotaIbu kota Sarawak Kuching telah disebut sebagai salah satu tempat tujuan pensiun di Malaysia.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Kathleen|first1=Peddicord|title=The Most Interesting Retirement Spot You've Never Heard Of|url=http://money.usnews.com/money/blogs/on-retirement/2012/12/10/exotic-retirement-spot-remains-largely-unknown|accessdate=21 November 2015|publisher=[[U.S. News & World Report]]|date=10 December 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140410150854/http://money.usnews.com/money/blogs/on-retirement/2012/12/10/exotic-retirement-spot-remains-largely-unknown|archivedate=10 April 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Jean|first1=Fogler|title=Retirement Abroad: 5 Unexpected Foreign Cities|url=http://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/100214/retirement-abroad-5-unexpected-foreign-cities.asp|publisher=[[Investopedia]]|accessdate=21 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150420211929/http://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/100214/retirement-abroad-5-unexpected-foreign-cities.asp|archivedate=20 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Why Malaysia is one of the top 3 countries for retirement|url=https://www.hsbc.com.my/1/PA_ES_Content_Mgmt/content/website/personal/investments/liquid/5559.html|publisher=[[HSBC Bank Malaysia]]|accessdate=21 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907010141/http://www.hsbc.com.my/1/PA_ES_Content_Mgmt/content/website/personal/investments/liquid/5559.html|archivedate=7 September 2015 }}</ref>

|+ Statistik Kedatangan Wisatawan Sarawak<ref name="tourist2015"/><ref name="Pulling more tourists to Sarawak"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Visitor Arrivals into Sarawak 2015|url=http://www.mot.sarawak.gov.my/upload/file_folder/va2015.pdf|publisher=Ministry of Tourism, Arts and Culture Sarawak|accessdate=31 May 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701023910/http://www.mot.sarawak.gov.my/upload/file_folder/va2015.pdf|archivedate=2016-07-01|dead-url=yes}}</ref>

Tingkat pengembangan infrastruktur di Sarawak relatif rendah dibandingkan di [[Semenanjung Malaysia]].<ref>{{cite book|title=OECD Investment Policy Reviews OECD Investment Policy Reviews: Malaysia 2013|date=30 October 2013|publisher=[[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development]] (OECD) Publishing|isbn=978-92-64-19458-8|page=234|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UPQAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA234&lpg=PA234|accessdate=17 December 2015|quote=All the same, there are important variations in the quantity and quality of infrastructure stocks, with infrastructure more developed in peninsular Malaysia than in Sabah and Sarawak.}}</ref> Kementerian Pengembangan Infrastruktur dan Komunikasi Sarawak bertanggung jawab untuk pengembangan infrastruktur dan telekomunikasi di Sarawak.<ref>{{cite web|title=About Us|url=http://www.midcom.sarawak.gov.my/modules/web/pages.php?mod=webpage&sub=page&id=41&menu_id=0&sub_id=60|publisher=MIDCom|accessdate=17 December 2015|archive-date=2015-12-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222140647/http://www.midcom.sarawak.gov.my/modules/web/pages.php?mod=webpage&sub=page&id=41&menu_id=0&sub_id=60|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Sarawak memiliki 21 estate industrial, dengan empat agensi utama yang bertanggung jawab untuk implementasi dan pengembangan mereka.<ref>{{cite web|title=Industrial Estate by Division|url=http://www.sarawak.gov.my/web/home/article_view/211/227/|publisher=Official Website of the Sarawak Government|accessdate=17 December 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150704223851/http://www.sarawak.gov.my/web/home/article_view/211/227/|archivedate=4 July 2015 }}</ref> Pada 2009, 94 persen kawasan perkotaan disuplai dengan listrik; persentase kawasan pedesaan dengan listrik meningkat dari 67 persen pada 2009<ref>{{cite journal|last1=H.|first1=Borhanazad|last2=S.|first2=Mekhilef|last3=R|first3=Saidur|last4=G.|first4=Boroumandijazi|title=Potential application of renewable energy for rural electrification in Malaysia|journal=Renewable Energy|date=2013|volume=59|page=211|url=http://umexpert.um.edu.my/file/publication/00005361_97156.pdf|accessdate=23 November 2015|archive-date=2015-11-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123025730/http://umexpert.um.edu.my/file/publication/00005361_97156.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> menjadi 91 persen pada 2014.<ref name="water and electricity">{{cite news|last1=Alexandra|first1=Lorna|last2=Doreen|first2=Ling|title=Infrastructure crucial to state's goals|url=http://www.newsarawaktribune.com/news/50465/Infrastructure-crucial-to-states-goals/|accessdate=16 December 2015|publisher=New Sarawak Tribune|date=9 October 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151216165506/http://www.newsarawaktribune.com/news/50465/Infrastructure-crucial-to-states-goals/|archivedate=16 December 2015|quote="In 2014, 82% of houses located in Sarawak rural areas have access to water supply in comparison to 59% in 2009." Fadillah also said that the rural electricity coverage had improved over the last few years with 91% of the households in Sarawak having access to electricity in 2014 compared to 67% in 2009.}}</ref> Dalam hal telekomunikasi, pada 2013 persebaran jalur telepon di Sarawak sebesar 25.7 persen, dan persentase orang yang menggunakan telepon peranti bergerak sebesar 93.3 persen. Penggunaan komputer sebesar 45.9 persen pada tahun yang sama; persentase orang yang menggunakan internet adalah 58.5 persen di kawasan perkotaan dan 29.9 persen di kawasan pedesaan.<ref>{{cite web|title=New technologies play a major role in Sarawak's development plans|url=http://www.oxfordbusinessgroup.com/overview/new-technologies-play-major-role-sarawak%E2%80%99s-development-plans|publisher=Oxford Business Group|accessdate=17 December 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151217003141/http://www.oxfordbusinessgroup.com/overview/new-technologies-play-major-role-sarawak%E2%80%99s-development-plans|archivedate=17 December 2015}}</ref> Sacofa{{nbsp}}Sdn{{nbsp}}Bhd (Sacofa Private Limited) yang dimiliki negara bertanggung jawab untuk membangun menara-menara telekomunikasi di Sarawak.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Mohd|first1=Hafiz Mahpar|title=Cahya Mata Sarawak buys 50% of Sacofa for RM186m|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/business/business-news/2015/04/02/cahya-mata-sarawak-buys-50pct-of-sacofa-for-rm186m/?style=biz|accessdate=17 December 2015|publisher=The Star (Malaysia)|date=2 April 2015}}</ref> Sarawak Information Systems Sdn{{nbsp}}Bhd (SAINS) bertanggung jawab untuk implementasi dan pengembangan teknologi informasi di Sarawak.<ref>{{cite web|title=About SAINS – Corporate Profile|url=http://www.sains.com.my/content.php?id=49|publisher=Sarawak Information Systems Sdn Bhd|accessdate=17 December 2015|archive-date=2016-11-19|archive-url=https://archive.today/20161119121354/http://www.sains.com.my/content.php?id=49|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Pada 2012, Sarawak memiliki 63 kantor pos, 40 kantor pos kecil, dan lima layanan pos peranti bergerak.<ref>{{cite news|title=Pos Malaysia wheels brings mobile postal service to Lawas|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2012/02/15/pos-malaysia-wheels-brings-mobile-postal-service-to-lawas-latest/|accessdate=17 December 2015|publisher=Bernama|date=15 February 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151217022313/http://www.theborneopost.com/2012/02/15/pos-malaysia-wheels-brings-mobile-postal-service-to-lawas-latest/|archivedate=17 December 2015}}</ref> Persebaran pengiriman surat di kawasan pedesaan adalah 60 persen pada 2015.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Adib|first1=Povera|title=Postal services improving in Sabah and S'wak|url=http://www.nst.com.my/news/2015/10/postal-services-improving-sabah-and-s%E2%80%99wak|accessdate=17 December 2015|publisher=New Straits Times|date=29 October 2015}}</ref>

Sarawak memilik total {{convert|32091|km}} jalan yang saling terhubung pada 2013, dengan setengahnya ({{convert|18003|km}}) merupakan rute negara bagian, {{convert|8313|km}} jalan terjal (dibangun oleh perusahaan kayu dan penanaman), {{convert|4352|km}} jalan berbatu, dan {{convert|1424|km}} jalan tol federal. Rute utama di Sarawak adalah [[Jalan Tol Pan Borneo]], yang membentang dari Sematan, Sarawak, melewati Brunei sampai [[Tawau]], Sabah.<ref name="Oxford transport" /> Namun, pada kondisi jalan yang sekarang tak terurus, karena tempat bahaya, tikungan tajam, bintik-bintik buta, lubang, dan erosi ditemukan di sepanjang jalan,<ref>{{cite news |title= Repair Pan Borneo Highway now, says Bintulu MP following latest fatal accident |url= http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Community/2013/09/13/Deadly-reminder-after-grim-toll-Repair-Pan-Borneo-Highway-now-says-Bintulu-MP-following-latest-fatal.aspx/ |date= 13 September 2013 |last= Then |first= Stephen |publisher= [[The Star (Malaysia)]] |accessdate= 23 June 2014 |archive-date= 2016-02-06 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160206023625/http://www.thestar.com.my/news/community/2013/09/13/deadly-reminder-after-grim-toll-repair-pan-borneo-highway-now-says-bintulu-mp-following-latest-fatal/ |dead-url= yes }}</ref> dana dari biaya federal dialokasikan untuk memperbaiki jalan di Sarawak. Di bawah koridor ekonomi SCORE, jalan-jalan tambahan dibangun pada bendungan-bendungan hidroelektrik besar, Bintulu, dan Kapit.<ref name="Oxford transport" /> Kota-kota besar di Sarawak menyediakan jasa angkutan umum seperti bus, taksi dan limousin. Jasa bus juga tersedia untuk perjalanan menuju kawasan-kawasan tetangga Sabah, Brunei, dan [[Pontianak, Indonesia|Pontianak]] (Indonesia).<ref name="Transport and Infrastructure" /> Sarawak menggunakan [[jalan raya kembar]] dengan [[arah lalu lintas|mengemudi jalur kiri]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Thiessen|first1=Tamara|title=Borneo:Sabah, Brunei, Sarawak|date=2012|publisher=[[Bradt Travel Guides]]|isbn=978-1-84162-390-0|page=98|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DCDkRTYwN5AC&pg=PA98|accessdate=26 January 2016|quote=All major roads are dual carriageways; there are no multi-lane expressways. In Malaysia, you drive on the left-hand side of the road and cars are right-hand drive.}}</ref> Hal ini juga memperbolehkan pengendara motor untuk "pakai arah kiri saat keluar".<ref>{{cite web|last1=Yap|first1=Jacky|title=46 Things you Didn't Know about Kuching|url=https://vulcanpost.com/9691/46-things-didnt-know-kuching/|publisher=Vulcan Post|accessdate=26 January 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150615204005/https://vulcanpost.com/9691/46-things-didnt-know-kuching/|archivedate=15 June 2015 }}</ref>

Sarawak memiliki tiga rumah sakit besar milik pemerintah: [[Rumah Sakit Umum Sarawak]], [[Rumah Sakit Sibu]], dan [[Rumah Sakit Miri]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Lim|first1=How Pim|title=Sarawak gets 3 more hospitals|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2014/08/18/sarawak-gets-3-more-hospitals/|accessdate=19 December 2015|publisher=The Borneo Post|date=18 August 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140822063031/http://www.theborneopost.com/2014/08/18/sarawak-gets-3-more-hospitals/|archivedate=22 August 2014}}</ref> Terdapat juga rumah sakit distrik,<ref name="Sarawak specialists">{{cite news|title=Alternative pathways to overcome the lack of specialists in Sarawak|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/news/community/2014/11/15/efforts-to-address-shortage-alternative-pathways-to-overcome-the-lack-of-specialists-in-sarawak/|accessdate=19 December 2015|publisher=The Borneo Post|date=15 November 2014|quote=Dr Jerip said there were currently 248 specialists distributed among the major hospitals in the state, comprising the Sarawak General Hospital, Sibu Hospital and Miri Hospital, as well as several divisional hospitals.}}</ref> klinik kesehatan umum, [[1Malaysia#Klinik 1Malaysia|klinik 1Malaysia]], dan klinik desa.<ref name="Oxford healthcare">{{cite web|title=Sarawak makes efforts to boost access to health care|url=http://www.oxfordbusinessgroup.com/overview/sarawak-makes-efforts-boost-access-health-care|publisher=Oxford Business Group|accessdate=19 December 2015|quote=Sarawak's 221 public health clinics include only seven rural clinics. Services for the poor are also provided at 1Malaysia clinics, where assistant medical officers provide basic health care, but again, these clinics – of which the state has 18 – have historically been located mainly in urban areas.}}</ref> Disamping klinik dan rumah sakit milik pemerintah, terdapat juga beberapa rumah sakit swasta di Sarawak<ref>{{cite news|last1=Nigel|first1=Edgar|title=Wednesday, 4 December 2013 Sarawak recognises importance of private hospitals such as Borneo Medical Centre|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/news/community/2013/12/04/giving-healthcare-a-huge-boost-state-recognises-importance-of-private-hospitals-such-as-borneo-medic/|accessdate=19 December 2015|publisher=The Star (Malaysia)|date=4 December 2013}}</ref> seperti Pusat Spesialis Pengobatan Normah, Pusat Spesialis Pengobatan Timberland,<ref>{{cite web|title=Quality of Life|url=http://www.sarawak.gov.my/web/home/article_view/209/225/|publisher=The Sarawak Government|accessdate=19 December 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150909202618/http://www.sarawak.gov.my/web/home/article_view/209/225/|archivedate=9 September 2015}}</ref> dan Pusat Pengobatan Spesialis Sibu. Sarawak juga merupakan tujuan wisata medis untuk para pengunjung Brunei dan Indonesia.<ref>{{cite news|title='Sarawak wants more participation in private healthcare sector'|url=http://www.therakyatpost.com/news/2015/08/01/sarawak-wants-more-participation-in-private-healthcare-sector/|accessdate=19 December 2015|publisher=The Rakyat Post|date=1 August 2015|archive-date=2015-12-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222131807/http://www.therakyatpost.com/news/2015/08/01/sarawak-wants-more-participation-in-private-healthcare-sector/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> [[Universiti Malaysia Sarawak]] (UNIMAS) adalah satu-satunya universitas pemerintah yang menghasilkan lulusan-lulusan medis di negara bagian tersebut.<ref name="Oxford healthcare" /> Perhimpunan Paliatif Sarawak dibentuk pada 1998 untuk mempromosikan [[perawatan paliatif]] dalam setting rumahan.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sarawak Hospice Society|url=http://www.sarawakhospicesociety.org/index.php?page=sarawak-hospice-society|publisher=Sarawak Hospice Society|accessdate=19 December 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150126135600/http://www.sarawakhospicesociety.org/index.php?page=sarawak-hospice-society|archivedate=26 January 2015}}</ref> Rumah Sakit Sentosa adalah satu-satunya rumah sakit mental di Sarawak.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Johnson|first1=K Saai|title='People still dump mental patients at Hospital Sentosa'|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2010/10/28/%E2%80%98people-still-dump-mental-patients-at-hospital-sentosa%E2%80%99/|accessdate=19 December 2015|publisher=The Borneo Post|date=28 October 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151219073010/http://www.theborneopost.com/2010/10/28/%E2%80%98people-still-dump-mental-patients-at-hospital-sentosa%E2%80%99/|archivedate=19 December 2015}}</ref>

|title=Kelompok etnis di Sarawak (20142021)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2014/02/08/state-statistics-malays-edge-past-chinese-in-sarawak/ |title=State statistics: Malays edge past Chinese in Sarawak |accessdate=15 April 2016 |publisher=[[The Borneo Post]] |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160415063610/http://www.theborneopost.com/2014/02/08/state-statistics-malays-edge-past-chinese-in-sarawak/ |archivedate=15 April 2016 }}</ref>

{{bar percent|[[Suku Iban|Iban]]|#AAF0D1|3050.3}}

{{bar percent|[[Suku Melayu|Melayu]]|#89CFF0|2418.4}}

{{bar percent|[[Tionghoa Malaysia|Tionghoa]]|#FFA07A|2416.25}}

{{bar percent|[[Bidayuh]]|#E18E96|85.46}}

{{bar percent|[[MelanauOrang Ulu]]|#CCCCFFFFCBA4|64.71}}

{{bar percent|[[OrangSuku UluDayak Melanau|Melanau]]|#FFCBA4CCCCFF|53.40}}

{{bar percent|[[Bangsa Malaysia|Lain-lain]]|DarkGray|0.32}}

Menurut sensus Malaysia 20152021, populasi Sarawak berjumlah 2,636908,000520, menjadikannya negara bagian paling berpenduduk keempatketiga di Malaysia.<ref name="2015 population"/> Namun, karena wilayahnya yang besar, negara bagian tersebut memiliki [[kepadatan penduduk]] terendah di Malaysia, yang meliputi 20{{nbsp}}orang per km². Rata-rata tingkat pertumbuhan penduduk per tahun dari 2000 sampai 2010 adalah 1.8 persen.<ref name="State Planning Unit stats" /> {{As of|2014}}, 5860 persen penduduk berada di perkotaan sementara 4240 persen penduduk tinggal di kawasan pedesaan.<ref>{{cite news|title=Johari: Urban-rural ratio to hit 65:35 within 10 years|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Community/2014/01/17/Johari-Urbanrural-ratio-to-hit-6535-within-10-years/|accessdate=24 November 2015|publisher=The Star (Malaysia)|date=17 January 2014}}</ref> {{As of|2011}}, [[tingkat kelahiran]] di Sarawak adalah 1619.32 per 1000 orang, [[mortalitas|tingkat kematian]] adalah 4.3.4 per 1000 populasi, dan [[kematian bayi|tingkat kematian bayi]] adalah 6.5.8 per 1000 kelahiran.<ref>{{cite web|title=Vital Statistics Summary for Births and Deaths|url=http://www.sarawak.gov.my/web/home/article_view/241/251/|publisher=Sarawak Government|accessdate=12 January 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907173809/http://www.sarawak.gov.my/web/home/article_view/241/251/|archivedate=7 September 2015}}</ref>

Sarawak memiliki lebih dari 40 [[kelompok sub-etnis]], yang masing-masing memiliki bahasa, budaya dan gaya hidup khasnya sendiri. Kota-kota besar umumnya ditinggali oleh [[Melayu Malaysia|Melayu]], Melanaus, [[Tionghoa Han|Tionghoa]], dan sejumlah kecil Iban dan [[Bidayuh]] yang berpindah dari kampung halaman mereka untuk mendapatkan pekerjaan.<ref name="Sarawak Convention Bureau">{{cite web|title=The Sarawak People|url=http://www.stf.org.my/sarawak/index.php?do=people|publisher=Sarawak Tourism Federation|accessdate=24 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150106051053/http://www.stf.org.my/sarawak/index.php?do=people|archivedate=6 January 2015}}</ref> Masalah KTP untuk orang asli yang lahir di wilayah-wilayah tak tersentuh masih menjadi tantangan. Masalah tersebut menyebabkan ribuan orang Penin menjadi tak bernegara.<ref>{{cite news|title=Penans 'stateless' because of fines|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2005/09/26/penans-stateless-because-of-fines/|accessdate=30 October 2016|publisher=The Star (Malaysia)|date=26 September 2005}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Sheith Khidir|first1=Abu Bakar|title=Stateless Penans demand citizenship papers|url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2016/03/29/stateless-penans-demand-citizenship-papers/|accessdate=30 October 2016|publisher=Free Malaysia Today|date=29 March 2016|archive-date=2017-08-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821125812/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2016/03/29/stateless-penans-demand-citizenship-papers/|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Mobile unit makes NRD applications easy for Penan community|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2016/04/07/mobile-unit-makes-nrd-applications-easy-for-penan-community/|accessdate=30 October 2016|publisher=The Borneo Post|date=7 April 2016}}</ref> Sarawak memiliki 150,000 buruh migran terdaftar yang bekerja sebagai buruh domestik atau dalam penanaman, pabrik, pembangunan, jasa dan pertanian.<ref>{{cite news|title=Over 150,000 foreign workers in Sarawak hold temporary employment passes|url=http://www.thesundaily.my/news/1593885|accessdate=18 December 2015|publisher=The Sun Daily|date=26 October 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151027171855/http://www.thesundaily.my/news/1593885|archivedate=27 October 2015}}</ref> Namun, total jumlah imigran gelap mencapai 320,000 sampai 350,000 orang.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Sulok|first1=Tawie|title=Illegal immigrants in Sarawak a 'huge problem', deputy home minister admits|url=http://www.themalaymailonline.com/malaysia/article/illegal-immigrants-in-sarawak-a-huge-problem-deputy-home-minister-admits|accessdate=18 December 2015|publisher=Malay Mail Online|date=11 April 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151025155243/http://www.themalaymailonline.com/malaysia/article/illegal-immigrants-in-sarawak-a-huge-problem-deputy-home-minister-admits|archivedate=25 October 2015}}</ref> [[Bumiputera (Malaysia)|Bumiputera]] merujuk kepada orang Melayu dan kelompok pribumi lainnya di Semenanjung Malaysia, Sarawak dan Sabah. Kelompok suku bangsa tersebut umumnya memiliki hak-hak khusus dalam pendidikan, pekerjaan, keuangan dan jabatan politik.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Ting|first1=Su Hie|last2=Rose|first2=Louis|title=Ethnic Language Use and Ethnic Identity for Sarawak Indigenous Groups in Malaysia|date=June 2014|volume=53|issue=1|page=92|url=https://www.questia.com/read/1G1-377286780/ethnic-language-use-and-ethnic-identity-for-sarawak|accessdate=30 November 2015|publisher=[[Oceanic Linguistics]]|quote=In Malaysia, Bumiputera (literally translated as 'prince of the earth' or 'son of the land') refers to the Malay and other indigenous people.&nbsp;... The Bumiputera in general enjoy special privileges as part of the affirmative action for advancement of the community, and these include priority in university entry, scholarships, and government jobs, special finance schemes, and political positions.|subscription=yes|doi=10.1353/ol.2014.0002}}</ref> [[Orang Asal]] merujuk kepada seluruh kelompok pribumi di Malaysia kecuali Melayu.<ref>{{cite web|title=Indigenous peoples – (a) Land rights of Indigenous Peoples|url=http://www.suhakam.org.my/indigenous-people/|publisher=[[Komisi Hak Asasi Manusia Malaysia]] (SUHAKAM)|accessdate=30 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002003359/http://www.suhakam.org.my/indigenous-people/|archivedate=2 October 2015}}</ref>

Umumnya, Sarawak memiliki enam kelompok etnis besar: Iban, [[Tionghoa Malaysia|Tionghoa]], [[Suku Melayu|Melayu]], [[Bidayuh]], Melanau, dan [[Orang Ulu]].<ref name="Sarawak Convention Bureau" /> Beberapa kelompok etnis kecil meliputi: [[Kedayan]], [[Suku Jawa|Jawa]], [[Bugis]], Murut, dan [[India Malaysia|India]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Leong|first1=Joe|title=Bizarre names like Tigabelas, Helicopter, Kissing in Borneo are real|url=http://www.theantdaily.com/Article.aspx?ArticleId=14911|accessdate=24 November 2015|publisher=The Ant Daily|date=4 August 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151124022706/http://www.theantdaily.com/Article.aspx?ArticleId=14911|archivedate=24 November 2015|quote=There are several other minor ethnic groups placed under the 'others', such as Indian, Eurasian, Kedayan, Javanese, Bugis and Murut.}}</ref> Istilah [[Suku Dayak|Dayak]] umumnya digunakan untuk merujuk kepada suku Iban dan [[Bidayuh]]. Istilah tersebut seringkalisering kali digunakan dalam konteks nasionalistik.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Winzeler|first1=R.L.|title=The Architecture of Life and Death in Borneo|date=2004|publisher=[[University of Hawaii Press]]|isbn=978-0-8248-2632-1|page=3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=niS2FbfVzj4C&pg=PA3|accessdate=24 November 2015|quote=...&nbsp;it more popularly refers only to the Bidayuh and the Iban (the Land and Sea Dayaks respectively of the colonial tradition.}}</ref> Pada 2015, pemerintah federal Malaysia mengakui penggunaan istilah tersebut pada bentuk-bentuk resmi.<ref>{{cite news|title=Putrajaya approves 'Dayak' for 'Race' category in all official forms|url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/putrajaya-approves-dayak-for-race-category-in-all-official-forms|accessdate=24 November 2015|publisher=The Malaysian Insider|date=31 October 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151124080101/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/putrajaya-approves-dayak-for-race-category-in-all-official-forms|archivedate=24 November 2015}}</ref>

Sarawak memiliki jumlah [[suku Iban]] tertinggi di BorneoKalimantan, dengan jumlah 745867,400820 orang.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2014/02/08/state-statistics-malays-edge-past-chinese-in-sarawak/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160415063610/http://www.theborneopost.com/2014/02/08/state-statistics-malays-edge-past-chinese-in-sarawak/ |archivedate=15 April 2016|title= State statistics: Malays edge past Chinese in Sarawak |accessdate=15 April 2016|publisher=[[The Borneo Post]]}}</ref> Mereka juga dikenal sebagai Dayak Laut. Sejumlah besar orang Iban menganut Kristen. Orang-orang Iban awalnya tinggal di wilayah sekitaran cekungan Rajang, namun setelah ekspedisi militer Brooke, mereka secara bertahap berpindah ke wilayah utara Sarawak. Pemukiman Iban biasanya berbentuk rumah panjang. Rumah panjang tersebut adalah sebuah unit pertahanan pada masa lalu, saat perburuan kepala masih lazim. Saat ini, tempat tersebut masih menjadi simbol ritual bagi para penghuninya. Pada masa lalu, orang-orang Iban membuat hierarki status seperti ''raja berani'', ''orang mayuh'' (orang biasa), dan ''ulun'' (budak). Namun, pada era Brooke, masyarakat Iban disusun ulang menjadi jabatan-jabatan resmi seperti ''tuai rumah'' (kepala keluarga), ''penghulu'' (kepala wilayah), dan ''temenggong'' (kepala tertinggi).<ref>{{cite book|last1=Keat|first1=Gin Ooi|title=Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor, Volume 1|date=2004|publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]]|isbn=978-1-57607-770-2|pages=623–625|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QKgraWbb7yoC&pg=PA623|accessdate=25 November 2015|quote=Ibans are found in all political divisions of Borneo but in largest numbers in Sarawak.&nbsp;... Christian missionaries have been active among the Ibans for more than a century, and today many Ibans are Christians.}}</ref> Mereka masih menjalani beberapa ritual tradisional dan kepercayaan mereka seperti Gawai Antu ([[perayaan orang mati]]) dan [[Gawai Dayak]] ([[Perayaan Panen]]).<ref>{{cite web|title=Our People – Iban – The official travel website for Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo|url=http://sarawaktourism.com/blog/our-people-iban/|publisher=Sarawak Tourism Board|accessdate=25 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125091022/http://sarawaktourism.com/blog/our-people-iban/|archivedate=25 November 2015}}</ref>

[[Melayu Sarawak|Suku Melayu]] biasanya merupakan petani. Mereka memilih membangun pemukiman (desa-desa Melayu) di sepanjang tepian sungai. Saat ini, mereka bermigrasi ke wilayah perkotaan dan bekerja dalam sektor negeri dan swasta. Mereka dikenal karena kerajinan perak dan kuningan, ukiran kayu, dan tekstil buatan mereka.<ref name="Welman" /> Beberapa desa Melayu khas terletak di sepanjang pinggiran sungai dekat Benteng Margherita, di belakang Masjid Kuching, dan di kaki [[Gunung Santubong]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Our people – Malay – The official website for Sarawak Malaysian Borneo|url=http://sarawaktourism.com/blog/our-people-malay/|publisher=Sarawak Tourism Board|accessdate=30 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151130135035/http://sarawaktourism.com/blog/our-people-malay/|archivedate=30 November 2015}}</ref> Terdapat beberapa teori tentang asal muasal Melayu di Sarawak. James Brooke memberikan istilah tersebut untuk pertama kalinya kepada kaum Muslim penduduk asli di wilayah pesisir Sarawak. Namun, tidak semua Muslim di Sarawak adalah Melayu. Kebanyakan suku Melanau juga menganut Islam.<ref name=Ohiopress /><ref group=note>Ishikawa, 2010. The word "Malay" is widely used in Sarawak because in 1841 James Brooke brought it with him from Singapore, (page 140)</ref> Teori-teori lainnya mengklaim bahwa Melayu datang dari [[Kepulauan Melayu]] (terutama Jawa atau Sumatra), [[bangsa Arab]] dari [[Timur Tengah]], atau melalui perpindahan budaya dan agama penduduk asli Sarawak.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Jeniri|first1=Amir|title=Asal usul Melayu Sarawak: menjejaki titik tak pasti (Asal muasal Melayu Sarawak: Penyelidikan poin-poin tak pasti)|journal=Jurnal Antarabangsa Dunia Melayu (Jurnal Internasional Dunia Melayu)|date=2015|volume=8|issue=1|url=http://ptsldigital.ukm.my:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/ukmvital:73738|accessdate=30 November 2015|publisher=Fakultas Ilmu Sosial, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS)|language=Melayu|archive-date=2015-12-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151207214607/http://sarawaktourism.com/blog/journey-to-melanau-heartland/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>

[[Bidayuh]] biasanya tinggal di bagian selatan Sarawak.<ref>{{cite web|title=Our people – Bidayuh|url=http://sarawaktourism.com/blog/our-people-bidayuh/|publisher=Sarawak Tourism Board|accessdate=7 December 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151207223218/http://sarawaktourism.com/blog/our-people-bidayuh/|archivedate=7 December 2015}}</ref> Mereka dikenal sebagai Dayak Darat karena mereka biasanya tinggal di kaki pegunungan batu gamping. Mereka terdiri dari beberapa kelompok sub-etnis seperti Jagoi, Biatah, Bukar-Sadung dan Selakau, dan berbicara dengan dialek yang tak berbeda jauh.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bidayuh longhouse|url=http://www.scv.com.my/bidayuh.asp|publisher=Sarawak Cultural Village|accessdate=7 December 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120731165223/http://www.scv.com.my/bidayuh.asp|archivedate=31 July 2012}}</ref> Meskipun demikian, mereka menerima bahasa Inggris dan Melayu sebagai bahasa umum mereka. Mereka dikenal karena beberapa alat musik seperti drum raksasa dan instrumen perkusi bambu yang dikenal sebagai ''pratuakng''. Seperti halnya Iban, pemukiman tradisional mereka adalah rumah panjang, namun mereka juga membangun rumah melingkar ''baruk'' untuk pertemuan komunitas. Mayoritas Bidayuh menganut Kristen.<ref name="Welman" />

<gallery mode="packed" caption="Tempat ibadah di Sarawak">

{{legend|#FF006E|[[rumpun bahasa MalayikMelayik|MalayikMelayik]]}}

{{legend|#FF984F|[[rumpun bahasa Borneo Utara|Borneo Utara]]}}

{{legend|#00FF90|[[rumpun bahasa Tanah Dayak|Tanah Darat|Dayak Darat]]}}

Bahasa Melayu, yang dikenal sebagai ''Bahasa Sarawak'' (atau [[bahasa Melayu Sarawak]]), adalah bahasa utama Melayu Sarawak dan suku pribumi lainnya. Bahasa Sarawak adalah sebuah dialek berbeda dari yang dipakai di semenanjung[[Malaysia Barat|Semenanjung Malaysia]]. Bahasa Iban juga dipakai 34 persen populasi Sarawak sementara bahasa Bidayuh, dengan enam dialek utama, dipakai oleh 10 persen populasi. Orang Ulu memiliki sekitar 30 dialek bahasa yang berbeda. Tionghoa umumnya menggunakan [[Tionghoa Standar]] meskipun mereka juga memakai beberapa dialek berbeda seperti Hokkien, Hakka, Foochow, dan Teochew.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sarawak, a land of many tongues|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2010/12/23/sarawak-a-land-of-many-tongues/|accessdate=13 November 2015|publisher=The Borneo Post|date=23 December 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151113120315/http://www.theborneopost.com/2010/12/23/sarawak-a-land-of-many-tongues/|archivedate=13 November 2015}}</ref>

[[Suku Penan]] adalah suku pribumi terakhir yang meninggalkan gaya hidup nomadik mereka di hutan.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Kaur|first1=Jeswan|title=Penan slowly abandoning their nomadic way of life|url=http://www.bt.com.bn/life/2007/12/16/penan_slowly_abandoning_their_nomadic_way_of_life|accessdate=26 December 2015|publisher=The Brunei Times|date=16 December 2007|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151226090855/http://www.bt.com.bn/life/2007/12/16/penan_slowly_abandoning_their_nomadic_way_of_life|archivedate=26 December 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title='Equal treatment for Penan community'|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2014/03/01/equal-treatment-for-penan-community/|accessdate=26 December 2015|publisher=The Borneo Post|date=1 March 2014|archiveurl=sttpshttps://web.archive.org/web/20151226091139/http://www.theborneopost.com/2014/03/01/equal-treatment-for-penan-community/|archivedate=26 December 2015-12-26|dead-url=no}}</ref> Pernikahan antar-ras adalah hal umum di negara bagian tersebut.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Switow|first1=Michael|title=Interracial marriage blossoms in Malaysia|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/2005/0209/p13s02-lifp.html|accessdate=12 January 2016|publisher=[[The Christian Science Monitor]]|date=9 February 2005|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930105909/http://www.csmonitor.com/2005/0209/p13s02-lifp.html|archivedate=30 September 2015}}</ref>

Tradisi lisan telah menjadi bgian dari budaya berbagai penduduk asli di Sarawak dari generasi ke generasi.<ref name="Oral traditions">{{cite book|last1=Pandian|first1=A|last2=Ching Ling|first2=L|last3=Ai Lin|first3=T|title=New Literacies: Reconstructing Language and Education|date=16 October 2014|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing|isbn=978-1-4438-6956-0|pages=95–97|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gzxQBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA97|accessdate=1 January 2016|chapter=Chapter VII – Developing Literacy and Knowledge, Preservation skills among Remote Rural Children}}</ref><ref group=note>Pandian, 2014. it became the primary means of passing culture, history, and valued traditions. ... in the fact that oral literature is actualised only in performances; (page 95)</ref> Beberapa praktik tradisional tersebut adalah tari Ngajat Iban,<ref>{{cite web|title=Tarian Ngajat Identiti Istimewa Masyarakat Iban (Ngajat dances a special identity for the Ibans)|url=http://pmr.penerangan.gov.my/index.php/budaya/6645-tarian-ngajat-identiti-istimewa-masyarakat-iban-.html|publisher=Jabatan Penerangan Malaysia (Malaysian Ministry of Information)|accessdate=31 December 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150425041224/http://pmr.penerangan.gov.my/index.php/budaya/6645-tarian-ngajat-identiti-istimewa-masyarakat-iban-.html|archivedate=25 April 2015 }}</ref> ''Renong'' (repertori vokal Iban),<ref>{{cite web|last1=Nie|first1=C.L.K|last2=Durin|first2=A|title=Renong, An Iban Vocal Repertory (Conference paper)|url=http://ir.unimas.my/2557/|publisher=Universiti Malaysia Sarawak|accessdate=31 December 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151231081606/http://ir.unimas.my/2557/|archivedate=31 December 2015}}</ref> ''Ensera'' (repertori vokal Iban),<ref name=Ibanmalaysian/><ref group=note>Postill, 2006. ... four were oral narratives ... (page 51)</ref> dan pengisahan epik oleh Kayan dan Kenyah.<ref>{{cite book|last1=MacDonald|first1=M.R.|title=Traditional Storytelling Today: An International Sourcebook|date=16 December 2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-91721-0|page=208|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IFNcAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT208|accessdate=1 January 2016|chapter=The tradition of storytelling in Malaysia|quote=The Kayan and the Kenyah, who dwell in the upper region of Sarawak, have a vibrant epic-telling tradition that is elaborate and specialised.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Law|first1=Daryll|title=Preserve traditional culture for prosperity, Iban's urged|url=http://www.newsarawaktribune.com/news/13258/Preserve-traditional-culture-for-prosperity-Ibans-urged/|accessdate=31 December 2015|publisher=New Sarawak Tribune|date=14 October 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151231053701/http://www.newsarawaktribune.com/news/13258/Preserve-traditional-culture-for-prosperity-Ibans-urged/|archivedate=31 December 2015}}</ref> Biro Kesusastraan Borneo berdiri dari 1958 sampai 1977; biro tersebut menyimpan dokumentasi budaya-budaya lokal, pengarang-pengarang lokal, dan publikasi-publikasi dalam bahasa Inggris, Tionghoa, Melayu, Iban dan bahasa-bahasa asli lainnya. Biro tersebut digantikan oleh [[Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka]] (DBP) pada 1977, yang hanya mengadvokasikan publikasi dalam bahasa Melayu.<ref name=Ibanmalaysian/><ref group=note>Postill, 2006. ;... to encourage local authorship and meet local needs&nbsp;... (page 51) ... The Bureau ceased to exist in 1977 when it was taken over by the federal body Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.(page 55) ... He concludes that DBP cannot publish books in regional languages (pages 59 and 60)</ref> ''Sarawak Gazette'' mula-mula diterbitkan oleh pemerintah Brooke pada 1870. Publikasi tersebut mencatat berbagai berita di Sarawak terkait ekonomi, pertanian, antropologi, dan arkeologi. ''Gazette'' masih dipublikasikan sampai sekarang.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sarawak Gazette now available online|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2013/07/31/sarawak-gazette-now-available-online/|accessdate=5 January 2016|publisher=The Borneo Post|date=31 July 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150509202403/http://www.theborneopost.com/2013/07/31/sarawak-gazette-now-available-online|archivedate=9 May 2015}}</ref> ''Hikayat Panglima Nikosa'', yang dicetak pada 1876 di Kuching, adalah salah satu publikasi teks terawal di BorneoKalimantan.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Walker|first1=J.H|title=Hikayat Panglima Nikosa and the Sarawak Gazette: Transforming Texts in Nineteenth Century Sarawak|journal=[[Modern Asian Studies]]|date=13 April 2005|volume=39|issue=2|page=427|doi=10.1017/S0026749X04001507|url=http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=293102|accessdate=13 January 2016}}</ref> Hidangan-hidangan terkenal di negara bagian tersebut meliputi [[laksa]] Sarawak,<ref>{{cite news|title=Best Sarawak Laksa in Kuching|url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/food/article/best-sarawak-laksa-in-kuching|accessdate=3 January 2016|publisher=The Malaysian Insider|date=29 April 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150808212857/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/food/article/best-sarawak-laksa-in-kuching|archivedate=8 August 2015}}</ref> kolo mee,<ref>{{cite news|title=Kolo mee, a Sarawak favourite, any time of day|url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/food/article/kolo-mee-a-sarawak-favourite-any-time-of-day|accessdate=3 January 2016|publisher=The Malaysian Insider|date=14 September 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140309141249/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/food/article/kolo-mee-a-sarawak-favourite-any-time-of-day|archivedate=9 March 2014}}</ref> dan [[ayam pansuh]].<ref>{{cite news|title='Ayam pansuh' — A Sarawak exotic delicacy loved by many (VIDEO)|url=http://www.themalaymailonline.com/eat-drink/article/ayam-pansuh-a-sarawak-exotic-delicacy-loved-by-many-video|accessdate=3 January 2016|publisher=The Malay Mail|date=28 June 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701010809/http://www.themalaymailonline.com/eat-drink/article/ayam-pansuh-a-sarawak-exotic-delicacy-loved-by-many-video|archivedate=1 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sarawak Top 10 Iconic Food|url=http://blog.sarawaktourism.com/2012/08/sarawak-top-10-iconic-food.html|publisher=Sarawak Tourism Board|accessdate=3 January 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150715180712/http://blog.sarawaktourism.com/2012/08/sarawak-top-10-iconic-food.html|archivedate=15 July 2015}}</ref> Negara bagian tersebut juga dikenal karena hidangan penutup [[Kek Lapis Sarawak]]-nya.<ref>{{cite news|title=Singer Deja Moss' real passion is Sarawak layered cakes|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/metro/metro-biz/2015/03/24/baking-takes-the-cake-singer-deja-moss-real-passion-is-sarawak-layered-cakes/|accessdate=3 January 2016|publisher=The Star (Malaysia)|date=24 March 2015}}</ref> Pemerintah Sarawak sangat meyakini pengaruhnya pada media.<ref name=Ibanmalaysian/><ref group=note>Postill, 2006. ... the government controls virtually all newspapers in Sarawak (page 76)</ref>

Masyarakat Sarawak merayakan sejumlah hari libur dan perayaan sepanjang tahun.<ref>{{cite web|title=Public Holidays 2015|url=http://www.sarawak.gov.my/web/home/article_view/198/276/|publisher=The Sarawak Government|accessdate=7 January 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907173458/http://www.sarawak.gov.my/web/home/article_view/198/276/|archivedate=7 September 2015}}</ref> Selain perayaan nasional [[Hari Merdeka]] dan [[Hari Malaysia]], negara bagian tersebut juga merayakan Hari Pemerintahan Sendiri Sarawak pada 22 Juli<ref>{{cite news|title=TYT, CM attend state's 52nd anniversary of independence|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2015/07/23/tyt-cm-attend-states-52nd-anniversary-of-independence/|accessdate=7 January 2016|publisher=The Borneo Post|date=23 July 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150811061745/http://www.theborneopost.com/2015/07/23/tyt-cm-attend-states-52nd-anniversary-of-independence/|archivedate=11 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Hunter|first1=M|title=Sarawak's "Independence Day"|url=http://asiapacific.anu.edu.au/newmandala/2013/07/27/sarawaks-independence-day/|publisher=New Mandala (Australian National University)|accessdate=7 January 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150725120609/http://asiapacific.anu.edu.au/newmandala/2013/07/27/sarawaks-independence-day/|archivedate=25 July 2015}}</ref> dan hari ulang tahun Gubernur Negara Bagian tersebut.<ref>{{cite news|title=Pomp celebrations for Sarawak Governor's birthday|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/videos/2015/09/12/pomp-celebrations-for-sarawak-governors-birthday/|accessdate=8 January 2016|publisher=The Star (Malaysia)|date=12 September 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160108005545/http://www.thestar.com.my/videos/2015/09/12/pomp-celebrations-for-sarawak-governors-birthday/|archivedate=8 January 2016-01-08|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Kelompok-kelompok etnis juga merayakan perayaan mereka sendiri. Tradisi open house memperbolehkan kelompok-kelompok etnis lainnya untuk ikut dalam sebuah perayaan.<ref>{{cite news|title=CM and wife to have Hari Raya open house at BCCK|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2015/07/15/cm-and-wife-to-have-hari-raya-open-house-at-bcck/|accessdate=7 January 2016|publisher=15 July 2015|date=15 July 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160911004812/http://www.theborneopost.com/2015/07/15/cm-and-wife-to-have-hari-raya-open-house-at-bcck/|archivedate=7 January 2016-09-11|dead-url=unfit}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Aubrey|first1=S|title=1,000 throng Manyin's Gawai Dayak open house|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2015/06/09/1000-throng-manyins-gawai-dayak-open-house/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160108003304/http://www.theborneopost.com/2015/06/09/1000-throng-manyins-gawai-dayak-open-house/|archivedate=8 January 2016|accessdate=8 January 2016|publisher=The Borneo Post|date=9 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=KTS holds Chinese New Year Open House in Bintulu|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2015/03/09/kts-holds-chinese-new-year-open-house-in-bintulu/|accessdate=8 January 2016|publisher=The Borneo Post|date=9 March 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151216194917/http://www.theborneopost.com/2015/03/09/kts-holds-chinese-new-year-open-house-in-bintulu/|archivedate=16 December 2015}}</ref> Sarawak adalah satu-satunya negara bagian di Malaysia yang mendeklarasikan perayaan Gawai Dayak sebagai hari libur.<ref>{{cite web|title=Public Holiday in Sarawak in conjunctions with the Gawai Dayak Celebration|url=http://www.mkm.edu.my/index.php/en/news-announcement-archive/2-uncategorised/862-cuti-umum-sempena-perayaan-hari-gawai-dayak-negeri-sarawak|publisher=Co-operative College in Malaysia|accessdate=8 January 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160108003956/http://www.mkm.edu.my/index.php/en/news-announcement-archive/2-uncategorised/862-cuti-umum-sempena-perayaan-hari-gawai-dayak-negeri-sarawak|archivedate=8 January 2016}}</ref>

== CatatanKutipan ==