Migrasi ke Xinjiang: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{periksa terjemahan|en|Migration to Xinjiang}}
'''Migrasi Xinjiang''' adalah sebuah gerakan orang-orang yang terjadi pada masa lalu dan masa kini, yang
== Latar belakang ==
[[Berkas:Xinjiang regions simplified.png|
[[Berkas:Xinjiang regions.png|
[[Berkas:Altai, Tienschan-Orte.png|
[[Xinjiang]] terdiri dari dua wilayah utama yang berbeda secara geografi, sejarah, dan etnis, [[Dzungaria]] di utara Pegunungan Tianshan dan [[Cekungan Tarim]] di selatan Pegunungan Tianshan, sebelum [[dinasti Qing|Qing Tiongkok]] menyatukannya dalam satu entitas politik yang bernama provinsi [[Xinjiang]] pada 1884. Pada masa penaklukan Qing pada 1759, Dzungaria ditinggali oleh para pemukim stepa, [[suku Dzungar]] [[Mongol Oriat]] [[Buddha Tibetan]] nomadik, sementara Cekungan Tarim ditinggali oleh pemukim oasis, para petani Muslim pemakai bahasa Turkic, yang sekarang dikenal sebagai [[suku Uighur]].
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Xinjiang Selatan di bawah Tianshan memiliki koloni-koloni militer yang didirikan oleh dinasti Han.<ref>{{cite book|author=S. Frederick Starr|title=Xinjiang: China's Muslim Borderland|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GXj4a3gss8wC&pg=PA243#v=onepage&q&f=false|date=15 March 2004|publisher=M.E. Sharpe|isbn=978-0-7656-3192-3|pages=243–}}</ref>
Para sejarawan nasionalis Uighur seperti [[Turghun Almas]] mengklaim bahwa Uighur terpisah dan merdeka dari Tiongkok selama 6000 tahun, dan bahwa seluruh orang non-Uighur adalah imigran non-pribumi di Xinjiang.<ref name="Bovingdon30">{{harvnb|Bovingdon|2010|pp=25, 30–31}}</ref> Namun, [[Dinasti Han]] (206 SM–220 M) mendirikan koloni militer ([[tuntian]]) dan pengkomandanan ([[duhufu]]) untuk menguasai Xinjiang dari 120 SM, sementara [[Dinasti Tang]] (618-907) juga mengusai sebagian besar wilayah Xinjiang sampai [[pemberontakan An Lushan]].<ref name="Bovingdon25">{{harvnb|Bovingdon|2010|pp=25–26}}</ref> Para sejarawan Tiongkok membantah klaim-klaim nasionalis Uighur dengan memberikan bukti sejarah 2000 tahun dari pemukiman Han di Xinjiang, mendokumentasikan sejarah [[Mongol di Tiongkok|Mongol]], [[orang Kazakh|Kazakh]], [[orang Uzbek|Uzbek]], [[orang Manchu|Manchu]], [[orang Hui|Hui]], [[orang Xibo|Xibo]] di Xinjiang, dan menyatakan tentang "migrasi kawasan barat" orang [[Huigu]] (dianggap sama dengan "Uighur" oleh pemerintah RRT) dari [[Mongolia]] pada abad ke-9.<ref name="Bovingdon30"/> Nama "Uighur" dikaitkan dengan sebuah suku
== Referensi ==
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* {{cite book|title=Xinjiang and China's Rise in Central Asia - A History|first=Michael E.|last=Clarke|volume=|edition=|year=2011|publisher=Taylor & Francis|url=https://books.google.com/?id=jRhHphtBg-QC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false|isbn=1136827064|accessdate=10 March 2014| ref = {{harvid||}} }}
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* {{cite web |url=http://dambijantsan.doncroner.com/JaLama-Chapter1.pdf |title=False Lama - The Life and Death of Dambijantsan (chapter 1) |last1=
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* {{cite book|title=China's Minorities: Ethnic-religious Separatism in Xinjiang|first=Mahesh Ranjan|last=Debata|others=Central Asian Studies Programme|volume=|edition=illustrated|year=2007|publisher=Pentagon Press|url=https://books.google.com/?id=7Xe8CUZ0_r4C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false|isbn=8182743257|accessdate=10 March 2014| ref = {{harvid||}} }}
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* {{cite book|title=Xinjiang: China's Muslim Far Northwest|first=Michael|last=Dillon|volume=|edition=|year=2003|publisher=Routledge|url=https://books.google.com/?id=1ia-2lDtGH4C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false|isbn=1134360967|accessdate=10 March 2014| ref = {{harvid||}} }}
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* {{cite book|title=The silk road|first=Norma|last=Martyn|volume=|edition=|year=1987|publisher=Methuen|url=https://books.google.com/?id=hD3yAAAAMAAJ&q=Dzungaria+chinese+migrants&dq=Dzungaria+chinese+migrants|isbn=|accessdate=10 March 2014| ref = {{harvid||}} }}
* {{cite book|title=Géographie mathématique, physique & politique de toutes les parties du monde, Volume 12|first1=Edme |last1=Mentelle |author2=Malte Conrad Brun (dit Conrad) Malte-Brun|author3=Pierre-Etienne Herbin de Halle|volume=|edition=|year=1804|publisher=H. Tardieu|url=https://books.google.com/?id=CghUAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false|isbn=|accessdate=10 March 2014| ref = {{harvid||}} }}
* {{cite journal |last= Meehan |first= Lieutenant Colonel Dallace L. |last2= |first2= |date= May–June 1980 |title= Ethnic Minorities in the Soviet Military implications for the decades ahead |url= http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/aureview/1980/may-jun/meehan.html |journal= Air University Review |publisher= |volume= |issue= |pages= |doi= |accessdate= 11 May 2014 |archive-date= 2014-05-13 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140513084042/http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/aureview/1980/may-jun/meehan.html |dead-url= yes }}
* {{cite book|title=Beyond the Pass: Economy, Ethnicity, and Empire in Qing Central Asia, 1759-1864|first=James A.|last=Millward|volume=|edition=illustrated|year=1998|publisher=Stanford University Press|url=https://books.google.com/?id=MC6sAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false|isbn=0804729336|accessdate=10 March 2014| ref = {{harvid||}} }}
* {{cite book|title=Eurasian Crossroads: A History of Xinjiang|first=James A.|last=Millward|volume=|edition=illustrated|year=2007|publisher=Columbia University Press|url=https://books.google.com/?id=8FVsWq31MtMC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false|isbn=0231139241|accessdate=10 March 2014| ref = {{harvid||}} }}
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* {{cite book|title=War Finance and Logistics in Late Imperial China: A Study of the Second Jinchuan Campaign (1771–1776)|first=Ulrich|last=Theobald|volume=|edition=|year=2013|publisher=BRILL|url=https://books.google.com/?id=DUodAAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false|isbn=9004255672|accessdate=22 April 2014| ref = {{harvid||}} }}
* {{cite news |last= Tinibai|first=Kenjali |date=28 May 2010 |title=China and Kazakhstan: A Two-Way Street |url= http://www.businessweek.com/globalbiz/content/may2010/gb20100528_168520.htm |newspaper= Bloomberg Businessweek |page=1 |location= |publisher= |accessdate=12 May 2014}}
* {{cite news |last= Tinibai |first= Kenjali |date= 28 May 2010 |title= Kazakhstan and China: A Two-Way Street |url= http://engnews.gazeta.kz/art.asp?aid=308213 |newspaper= Gazeta.kz |page= |location= |publisher= |accessdate= 12 May 2014 |archive-date= 2014-05-13 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140513032600/http://engnews.gazeta.kz/art.asp?aid=308213 |dead-url= yes }}
* {{cite news |last= Tinibai|first=Kenjali |date=27 May 2010 |title= Kazakhstan and China: A Two-Way Street |url= http://www.tol.org/client/article/21490-kazakhstan-and-china-a-two-way-street.html |newspaper= Transitions Online |page=|location= |publisher= |accessdate=12 May 2014}}
* {{cite book|title=Wild West China: The Taming of Xinjiang|first=Christian|last=Tyler|volume=|edition=illustrated, reprint|year=2004|publisher=Rutgers University Press|url=https://books.google.com/?id=bEzNwgtiVQ0C&printsec=frontcover&vq=Merchant+jahangir#v=onepage&q&f=false|isbn=0813535336|accessdate=10 March 2014| ref = {{harvid||}} }}
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