Gertrude Bell: Perbedaan antara revisi

| death_place = [[Baghdad]], [[Mandat Irak]]

| occupation = Penjelajah, pejabat politik

| era = Victorian, Edwardian – 1900an

| known_for = Penulis, penjelajah, pejabat politik, arkeolog, kartografer di [[Suriah Raya]], Mesopotamia, Asia Keci, dan Arabia

| signature =

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'''Gertrude Margaret Lowthian Bell''', [[Order of the British Empire|CBE]] ({{lahirmati|Washington Hall, [[County Durham]], Inggris|14|7|1868|[[Baghdad]], [[Mandat Irak]]|12|7|1926}}) adalah seorang penulis, penjelajah, pejabat politik, pengurus dan arkeolog asal Inggris<ref>{{cite book| title= Gertrude Bell: The Arabian Diaries'', 1913-1914| first= Gertrude Lowthian | last= Bell| editor-first= Rosemary| editor-last= O'Brien |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=yfQYdOJpaDMC&pg=PA11&dq=gertrude+bell+spy&hl=en&sa=X&ei=mJ0xVdTVLoOZyATIioHoBg&ved=0CDIQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=gertrude%20bell%20spy&f=false| year= | isbn= }}</ref> yang menjelajahi, memetakan, dan menjadi orang paling berpengaruh pada pembuatan kebijakan kekaisaran Inggris karena pengetahuan dan kontaknya, yang dibangun melalui perjalanan khusus di [[Suriah Raya]], [[Mesopotamia]], [[Asia Kecil]], dan [[Arabia]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia| title= Getrude Bell| work= The Dictionary of National Biography| url= http://www.oxforddnb.com/index/30/101030686/| subscription= yes| publisher= }}</ref> Bersama dengan [[T. E. Lawrence]], Bell membantu dukungan dinasti [[Hashemite]] di apa yang sekarang menjadi [[Yordania]] serta [[Irak]].

 

Ia memainkan peran besar dalam pendirian dan membantu kepengurusan negara modern [[Irak]], memakai sudut pandang uniknya dari perjalanannya dan hubungannya dengan kepala-kepala suku di seluruh Timur Tengah. Sepanjang masa hidupnya, ia sangat disanjung dan dipercayakan oleh para pejabat Inggris dan diberikan sejumlah kekebalan kekuasaan untuk seorang wanita pada masa itu. Ia disebut sebagai "salah satu dari sedikit perwakilan Pemerintahan Yang Mulia yang diingat oleh bangsa Arab dengan hal apapun yang menyematkan dampak".<ref>{{citation |last1=Meyer |first1=Karl E. |first2=Shareen B. |last2=Brysac |title=Kingmakers: The Invention of the Modern Middle East |location=New York |publisher=W.W. Norton & Co. |year=2008 |page=162}}</ref>

 

{{Reflist|33em}}

 

 

* {{cite book|first=Gertrude|last=Bell|title=Poems from the Divan of Hafiz|place=London|date=1892}}

* {{cite book|first=Gertrude|last=Bell|title=Mountains of the Servants of God|date=1910}}

* {{cite book|first=Gertrude|last=Bell|title=Gertrude Bell: From Her Personal Papers 1914–1926|place=London|publisher=Ernest Benn Ltd|date=1961}}

* {{cite book |title=The Desert and the Sown: Travels in Palestine and Syria |author1=Gertrude Lowthian Bell |author2=Gertrude Bell |orig-year=1907 |year= 1919|publisher= W. Heinemann |pages= 340}}

* ''The Arabian Report''

* ''Arab Bulletin''

 

* {{cite book|last= Adams| first= Amanda|authorlink= Amanda Adams|title=Ladies of the Field: Early Women Archaeologists and Their Search for Adventure|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TmS4sknUp7UC&printsec=frontcover|year=2010|publisher=Greystone Books Ltd|isbn=978-1-55365-641-8}}

* {{cite book|author1=Bodley, R. V. C. |authorlink1=R. V. C. Bodley|author2=Hearst, L.|title=Gertrude Bell|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GcqQMAEACAAJ| year= 1940| publisher= Macmillan| isbn= 978-1-258-44101-2}}

* {{cite book|author1=Winstone, H. V. F.|authorlink= H.V.F. Winstone|title=Gertrude Bell|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HsdkQgAACAAJ|year=2004|publisher=Barzan Publishing Company|isbn=978-0-9547728-0-2}}

 

* {{cite book|first=Lady Florence|last=Bell (ed.)|title=The Letters of Gertrude Bell|volume=2 vols|place=London|publisher=Ernest Benn Ltd|date=1927}}

* {{cite book|author2=[[Shareen Blair Brysac|Brysac, S. B.]]|author1=[[Meyer, Karl E.]]|title=Kingmakers: The Invention of the Modern Middle East|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mlUl6WsDPnkC&pg=PA157|year=2008|publisher=W. W. Norton|isbn=978-0-393-33770-9}}

* {{cite book|editor=O'Brien, R. |title=Gertrude Bell: The Arabian Diaries, 1913–1914|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yfQYdOJpaDMC&printsec=frontcover|year=2000|publisher=Syracuse University Press|isbn=978-0-8156-0672-7}}

* {{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f7z_QCl3AfIC | title=Spies in Arabia: The Great War and the Cultural Foundations of Britain's Covert Empire in the Middle East | publisher=Oxford University Press | author=Satia, Priya | year=2008 | isbn=9780199715985}}

 

{{commons category|Gertrude Bell }}

{{wikisource author}}

 

* {{UK National Archives ID}}

* {{Gutenberg author|id=46514}}

* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Gertrude Bell |sopt=t}}

* {{Librivox author |id=10847}}

 

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