Wallacea: Perbedaan antara revisi

 

 

 

 

|+[[Provinsi]] dan pulau-pulau besar di Wallacea

|rowspan="2"|[[Sulawesi]]<br />6 provinsi

== Nusa Tenggara ==

 

 

The boundary between Sundaland and Wallacea follows the [[Wallace Line]], named after the naturalist [[Alfred Russel Wallace]] who noted the differences in mammal and bird fauna between the islands either side of the line. The Islands of Sundaland to the west of the line, including Sumatra, Java, Bali, and Borneo, share a similar [[mammal]] fauna with East Asia, including tigers, rhinoceros, and apes. During the ice ages, sea levels were lower, exposing the [[Sunda shelf]] that links these islands to one another and to Asia,<ref>http://www.fieldmuseum.org/research_collections/zoology/zoo_sites/seamaps/mapindex1.htm Pleistocene Sea Level Maps</ref> and allowed Asian land animals to inhabit these islands. The islands of Wallacea have few land mammals, land birds, or freshwater fish of continental origin, who find it difficult to cross open ocean. Many bird, reptile, and insect species were better able to cross the straits, and many such species of Australian and Asian origin are found there. Wallacea's plants are predominantly of Asian origin, and botanists include Sundaland, Wallacea, and New Guinea as the [[floristic province]] of [[Malesia]].

The [[Weber Line]] is the midpoint where Asian and Australian fauna and flora are approximately equally represented, and follows the deepest [[strait]]s traversing the [[Indonesian Archipelago]].

 

Although the distant ancestors of Wallacea's plants and animals may have been from Asia or Australia-New Guinea, Wallacea is home to many [[endemic (ecology)|endemic]] species. There is extensive [[wikt:autochthonous|autochthonous]] [[speciation]] and proportionately large numbers of [[Endemism|endemics]]; it is an important contributor to the overall mega-[[biodiversity]] of the Indonesian archipelago.<ref>http://www.irgltd.com/Resources/Publications/ANE/2004-02%20Indonesia%20Biodiversity%20and%20Tropical%20Forest.pdf page 3-2</ref> Because many of the islands are separated from one another by deep water, there is tremendous species diversity among the islands as well.{{Citation needed|date=September 2010}}

 

Wallacea is home to 82 threatened and six critically endangered species of terrestrial vertebrates.

 

[[Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests]]

* [[Banda Sea Islands moist broadleaf forests]] ([[Kai Islands]], [[Tanimbar Islands]])

* [[Timor and Wetar deciduous forests]] ([[Timor]], [[Barat Daya Islands]], [[Banda Islands]], [[Babar Island]], [[Leti Islands]])

 

{{Refimprove|date=December 2008}}

 

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== Referensi ==

 

* Abdullah MT. (2003). Biogeography and variation of ''Cynopterus brachyotis'' in Southeast Asia. PhD thesis. [[University of Queensland]], St Lucia, Australia.

* Corbet, GB, Hill JE. (1992). The mammals of the Indomalayan region: a systematic review. [[Oxford University Press]], Oxford.

* [http://www.biodiversityhotspots.org/xp/Hotspots/wallacea/ Conservation International: Wallacea]

* [http://www.jstor.org/pss/986523 Too Many Lines; The Limits of the Oriental and Australian Zoogeographic Regions] George Gaylord Simpson, Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, Vol. 121, No. 2 (Apr. 29, 1977), pp.&nbsp;107–120

* [http://www.starfish.ch/dive/Wallacea.html map of Wallace's, Weber's and Lydekker's lines]

 

[[Kategori:Biogeografi]]

[[Kategori:Ekoregion di Indonesia]]