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[[Berkas:Taima Mandala, 14th century, Metropolitan Museum of Art, 57.156.6.jpg|thumb|260px|Lukisan Jepang [[Mandala Taima]], menggambarkan Sukhavati. [[ZamaN Kamakura]], abad ke-13.]]
'''Sukhāvatī''', atau '''Surga Barat''', mengacu pada [[tanah murni]] barat dari [[Amitābha]] dalam [[Mahayana|Buddhisme Mahayana]]. [[Bahasa Sanskerta]] ''sukhavatī'' (''sukhāvatī'') adalah [[jenis kelamin gramatikal|bentuk feminin]] dari ''sukhāvat'' ("penuh sukacita; penuh kebahagiaan"),<ref>{{cite web|title=sukhavati|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sukhavati|website=Merriam-Webster|quote=Sanskrit ''sukhavatī'', ''sukhāvatī'', from feminine of ''sukhavat'', ''sukhāvat'' blissful, from ''sukha'' bliss, happiness}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary|url=http://sanskrit.inria.fr/MW/295.html|quote=''sukhavatī'', f. N. of the heaven of Buddha [[Amitābha]] (see under ''sukhā-vat'' [...] possessing ease or comfort, full of joy or pleasure|year = 1899}}</ref> dari ''[[sukha]]'' ("kesenangan, kegembiraan") dan ''-vat'' ("penuh dengan").<ref>{{cite web|title=vat|url=http://spokensanskrit.de/index.php?tinput=vat&script=&direction=SE&link=yes|website=Dictionary for Spoken Sanskrit}}</ref>
== Dalam bahasa lainnya ==
Terdapat sejumlah terjemahan untuk ''Sukhāvatī''. Namanya dalam bahasa Tibet adalah ''Dewachen'' ({{bo|w=bde ba can}}, "Tanah Yang Penuh Kebahagian"). Dalam bahasa Tionghoa, ia disebut ''Jílè'' ({{lang|zh|極樂}}, "Kebahagiaan Tertinggi"), ''Ānlè'' ({{lang|zh|安樂}}, "Kebahagiaan Yang Damai"), atau ''Xītiān'' ({{lang|zh|西天}}, "Surga Barat"). Dalam bahasa Jepang, ia diucapkan ''Gokuraku'' ({{lang|ja|極楽}}, "Kebahagiaan Tertinggis") atau ''Anraku'' ({{lang|ja|安楽}}, "Peaceful Bliss"). Dalam bahasa Korea, ia disebut "Tanah Murni Kebahagiaan Tertinggi Barat" ({{Korean|hangul=서방극락정토|hanja=西方極楽浄土|rr=Seobang Geungnak Jeongto}}) atau hanya ''Jeongto'' "Tanah Murni" ({{Korean|hangul=정토|hanja=浄土}}). Dalam bahasa Vietnam, ia disebut ''{{lang|vi|Cực lạc}}'' ([[Hán Nôm]]: {{vi-nom|極樂}} "Kebahagiaan Tertinggi") atau ''{{lang|vi|Tây Phương Tịnh Độ}}'' ({{vi-nom|西方浄土}} "Tanah Murni Barat").
== Sembilan tingkat kelahiran ==
Di bagian akhir ''[[Sutra Amitayurdhyana|Sutra Amitāyurdhyāna]]'', [[Buddha Gautama]] membahas sembilan tingkat di mana mereka yang terlahir di tanah murni dikelompokkan.<ref name="ceremony">{{Cite web |url=http://sfshambhala.org/pdfs/Ceremony_of_Sukhavati-detailed.pdf |title=Ceremony of Sukhavati |access-date=2017-10-31 |archive-date=2019-08-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819104914/http://sfshambhala.org/pdfs/Ceremony_of_Sukhavati-detailed.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
== Galeri ==
<gallery mode=packed widths="200" heights="250">
Berkas:'Amitabha in Sukhavati Paradise', Tibetan, circa 1700, San Antonio Museum of Art.jpg|Lukisan [[Amitabha]] di Sukhavati. Tibet, sekitar 1700.
Berkas:Artist Unknown, Japan - Taima Temple Mandala- Amida Welcomes Chûjôhime to the Western Paradise - Google Art Project.jpg|Amitābha menyambut [[Chūjō-hime]] di Surga Barat. Jepang, abad ke-16.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Exchange: Taima Temple Mandala: Amida Welcomes Chûjôhime to the Western Paradise|url=https://exchange.umma.umich.edu/resources/30247|access-date=2020-12-03|website=exchange.umma.umich.edu}}</ref>
Berkas:Painting of the Paradise of Amida Buddha (Sukhavati), Unknown Author, Heian period, 794-1185.jpg|Lukisan sutra surga Amitabha (Sukhavati). Jepang, [[zaman Heian]], 794-1185.
</gallery>
== Referensi ==
Baris 7 ⟶ 21:
* {{Citation|last1=Inagaki |first1=Hisao, trans. |title=The Three Pure Land Sutras |publisher=Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research |date=2003 |location=Berkeley |url=http://www.bdk.or.jp/pdf/bdk/digitaldl/dBET_ThreePureLandSutras_2003.pdf |page= |isbn=1-886439-18-4 |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512124959/http://www.bdk.or.jp/pdf/bdk/digitaldl/dBET_ThreePureLandSutras_2003.pdf |archivedate=May 12, 2014 }}
* Tanaka, Kenneth K. (1987). [https://web.archive.org/web/20150514100158/http://www.shin-ibs.edu/documents/pwj-new/new3/05Tanaka.pdf Where is the Pure Land?: Controversy in Chinese Buddhism on the Nature of Pure Land], ''Pacific World Journal'' (New Series) 3, 36-45
* Halkias, Georgios (2013). ''Luminous Bliss: a Religious History of Pure Land Literature in Tibet. With an Annotated Translation and Critical Analysis of the Orgyen-ling golden short Sukhāvatīvyūha-sūtra''. University of Hawai‘i Press.
== Pranala luar ==
Baris 15 ⟶ 29:
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