Emigrasi dan pembelotan Blok Timur: Perbedaan antara revisi

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Revisi per 13 November 2017 00.19 sunting Glorious Engine (bicara \| kontrib) 265.950 suntingan ←Membuat halaman berisi '400px\|thumb\|right\|[[Conrad Schumann meloncati kawat berduri di Berlin Barat...'		Revisi terkini sejak 6 April 2023 00.01 sunting balikkan Ginjiharja (bicara \| kontrib) 278 suntingan Fitur saranan suntingan: 3 pranala ditambahkan. Tag: VisualEditor Tugas pengguna baru Disarankan: tambahkan pranala
(5 revisi perantara oleh 3 pengguna tidak ditampilkan)
Baris 1: [[Berkas:East German Guard - Flickr - The Central Intelligence Agency (cropped).jpg\|400px\|~~thumb~~jmpl\|~~right~~ka\|[[Conrad Schumann]] meloncati [[kawat berduri]] di [[Berlin Barat]] pada 15 Agustus 1961, tiga hari setelah pembangunan [[Tembok Berlin]] dimulai<ref>{{Citation \| last =Perkes \| first =Dan \| author2 = Hal Buell\| author3 = Norm Goldstein \| title =Moments in Time: 50 Years of Associated Press News Photos \| publisher =The Associated Press \| year =1984 \| pages =56 \| isbn =0-917360-07-9 }}</ref>]] '''Emigrasi dan [[pembangkangan]] Blok Timur''' adalah sebuah titik kontroversi pada [[Perang Dingin]]. Setelah [[Perang Dunia II]], pembatasan emigrasi diberlakukan oleh negara-negara di [[Blok Timur]], yang terdiri dari [[Uni Soviet]] dan negara-[[negara satelit]]nya di [[Eropa Tengah]] dan Timur. Emigrasi legal dalam kebanyakan kasus hanya dimungkinkan dalam perintah untuk menyatukan kembali keluarga atau membolehkan anggota kelompok etnis minoritas untuk kembali ke kampung halaman mereka. Pemerintah-pemerintah Blok Timur berpendapat bahwa pembatasan ketat emigrasi dibutuhkan untuk menghindari pengeringan otak. Pemerintah [[Amerika Serikat]] dan [[Eropa Barat]] berpendapat bahwa mereka mewakili pelanggaran HAM. Disamping pembatasan, [[pembangkangan]] ke Barat terjadi. Setelah [[Jerman Timur]] menghimpun perbatasan zona pendudukannya dengan [[Jerman Barat]], perbatasan sektor kota antara [[Berlin Timur]] dan [[Berlin Barat]] menjadi sebuah sorotan utama dimana pembangkangan terjadi. Ini ditutup dengan pendirian [[Tembok Berlin]] pada 1961. Sehingga, emigrasi dari [[Blok Timur]] efektif dibatasi untuk para pembangkang ilegal, emigrasi etnis di bawah perjanjian bilateral, dan sejumlah kecil kasus lain. == Catatan == {{Reflist\|2}} == Referensi == {{refbegin}} * {{Citation\|last1=Black\|first1=Cyril E.\|last2=English\|first2=Robert D.\|last3=Helmreich\|first3=Jonathan E.\|last4=McAdams\|first4=James A.\|title=Rebirth: A Political History of Europe since World War II\|publisher=Westview Press\|year=2000\|isbn=0-8133-3664-3}} * {{Citation\|last=Böcker\|first=Anita\|title=Regulation of Migration: International Experiences\|publisher=Het Spinhuis\|year=1998\|isbn=90-5589-095-2}} * {{Citation\|last=Cook\|first=Bernard A.\|title=Europe Since 1945: An Encyclopedia\|publisher=Taylor & Francis\|year=2001\|isbn=0-8153-4057-5}} * {{Citation\|last=Crampton\|first=R. 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