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{{bar box|title=Kelompok etnis di Turki ([[World Factbook]])<ref name="CIA World Factbook: Turkey">CIA World Factbook: [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/tu.html Turkey] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170702111626/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/tu.html |date=2017-07-02 }}</ref>|titlebar=#ddd|left1='''Kelompok etnis'''|right1='''Persentase'''|float=right|bars={{bar percent|[[Orang Turki|Turki]] (Turki Anatolia)|red|72.5|70–75%}}
{{bar percent|[[Orang Kurdi|Kurdi]]|green|18|18%}}
{{bar percent|Lainnya|blue|9.5|7–12%}}}}Berbagai macam kelompok '''Minoritas di Turki''' menyusun komposisi demografi di negara tersebut. Kaum Minoritas di Turki dapat digolongkan menjadi dua bagian, yaitu minoritas secara etnis dan minoritas secara agama. Kaum minoritas terbesar di Turki datang dari golongan minoritas secara etnis, adalah suku bangsa [[Orang Kurdi|Kurdi]] dengan persentase mencapai 18% dari keseluruhan populasi penduduk di Turki.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-29702440|title=Who are the Kurds?|date=2017-10-31|newspaper=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2017-12-10}}</ref> Berdasarkan [[Perjanjian Lausanne]] yang ditandatangani oleh pihak Turki dan negara-negara [[blok Sekutu]] pasca [[Perang dunia pertama|Perang Dunia Pertama]], Pemerintah [[Turki|Republik Turki]] mengakui secara resmi keberadaan beberapa etnis minoritas, seperti [[Bangsa Armenia|etnis Armenia]], [[Orang Yunani|etnis Yunani]], dan [[Bangsa Yahudi|keturunan Yahudi]]. Namun, pengakuan secara resmi ini tidak didapatkan oleh etnis minoritas muslim lainnya. Etnis muslim seperti [[Orang Kurdi|suku bangsa Kurdi]] tidak diakui menurut kosntitusi dan undang-undang negara [[Turki]] meskipun jumlah orang Kurdi di Turki cukup signifikan, sekitar 18%. Pada umumnya orang-orang Kurdi di Turki digolongkan (dianggap) sebagai orang dari [[Bangsa Turki|etnis Turki]]. Generalisasi ini juga seringkalisering kali diterapkan pada etnis lainnya, seperti [[Orang Albania di Turki|etnis Albania]], [[Orang Yunani Pontos|etnis Yunani Pontos]], [[Bangsa Arab|etnis Arab]], [[Orang Bosnia di Turki|etnis Bosnia]], [[Orang Sirkasia|suku bangsa Sirkasia]], dan [[suku Chechen]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.al/books?id=vM5hZEsdz94C&pg=PA98&dq=5+million+albanians+in+turkey&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CCEQ6AEwAWoVChMI3M_xuaXfxgIVgVkUCh1fTQRg#v=onepage&q=5%20million%20albanians%20in%20turkey&f=false|title=Ethnopolitics in Cyberspace: The Internet, Minority Nationalism, and the Web of Identity|last=Saunders|first=Robert A.|date=2011|publisher=Lexington Books|isbn=9780739141946|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=http://www.milliyet.com.tr/turkiye-deki-kurtlerin-sayisi--magazin-873452/|title=Türkiye'deki Kürtlerin sayısı!|last=sitesi|first=milliyet.com.tr Türkiye'nin lider haber|newspaper=MİLLİYET HABER - TÜRKİYE'NİN HABER SİTESİ|access-date=2017-12-11}}</ref>
 
Sebagian besar kaum minoritas secara etnis di Turki ([[Orang Albania di Turki|etnis Albania]], [[Orang Bosnia di Turki|etnis Bosnia]], [[Tatar Krimea|orang Tatar Krimea]], dan berbagai suku bangsa yang tinggal di kawasan [[Kaukasus]] termasuk [[Bangsa Turk|suku bangsa Turki]] itu sendiri) berasal dari bekas wilayah koloni Kesultanan Utsmaniyah yang mengungsi ke negara Turki akbiat Kesultanan Utsmaniyah mengalami kekalahan dalam perang.<ref>{{Cite news|urlname=http":0"//www.milliyet.com.tr/turkiye-deki-kurtlerin-sayisi--magazin-873452/|title=Türkiye'deki Kürtlerin sayısı!|last=sitesi|first=milliyet.com.tr Türkiye'nin lider haber|newspaper=MİLLİYET HABER - TÜRKİYE'NİN HABER SİTESİ|access-date=2017-12-11}}</ref> Seiring berjalannya waktu para pendatang tersebutsecara alami berasimilasi terhadap budaya dan bahasa setempat serta banyak pula diantara mereka menikah dengan orang Turki dan melanjutkan keturunannya.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.balkaninsight.com/en/article/turkey-arrested-kosovo-born-general-as-coup-leader--07-18-2016|title=Alleged Coup Leader in Turkey 'Born in Kosovo' :: Balkan Insight|website=www.balkaninsight.com|access-date=2017-12-11}}</ref>
 
Walaupun banyak diantara kaum etnis minoritas di Turki tidak mendapatkan pengakuan secara resmi oleh pemerintah Turki, ''[[Türkiye Radyo ve Televizyon Kurumu]]'' (Lembaga Penyiaran Televisi dan Radio Turki) menyiarkan beberapa program dengan menggunakan beberapa bahasa dari etnis minoritas di Turki.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.trt.net.tr/Anasayfa/anasayfa.aspx|title=TRT - Anasayfa|website=TRT|language=tr-TR|access-date=2017-12-11}}</ref> Pelajaran bahasa selain bahasa Turki juga diajarkan di tingkat sekolah dasar.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-18410596|title=Turkey 'to allow Kurdish lessons'|date=2012-06-12|newspaper=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2017-12-11}}</ref>
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== Etnis minoritas ==
Berikut ini adalah nama-nama etnis minoritas yang terdapat di Turki :
 
=== Abdal ===
Suku Abdal adalah suku bangsa minoritas yang umumnya dapat ditemukan di kawasan tengah dan barat [[Semenanjung Anatolia]]. Suku Abdal masih menjalankan hidup secara berpindah-pindah dari satu tempat ke tempat yang lain. Suku Abdal menuturkan bahasa [[argot]] dengan versinya sendiri. Pada umumnya suku Abdal menganut kepercayaan Syi'ah dari sekte [[Alevi]].<ref>Abdal by Peter Alford Andrews pages 435 to 438 in Ethnic groups in the Republic of Turkey / compiled and edited by Peter Alford Andrews, with the assistance of Rüdiger Benninghaus (Wiesbaden : Dr. Ludwig Reichert, 1989) {{ISBN|3-88226-418-7}}</ref>
 
=== Orang-orang keturunan Afganistan ===
Orang-orang [[Afganistan]] di Turki sebagian besar berasal dari latar belakang pengungsi. Gelombang migrasi orang-orang Afganistan di Turki pertama kali terjadi pada zaman [[Perang Soviet–Afganistan]]. Jumlah orang keturunan Afganistan di Turki tidak diketahui secara pasti, namuntetapi sebuah artikel pada koran nasional Turki ''Hurriyet'' terbitan tahun 2002 menyatakan terdapat "ribuan" orang-orang keturunan Afganistan tinggal di Turki. Mayoritas orang Afganistan di Turki terdiri dari etnis [[Orang Persia|Persia]] dan etnis [[Uzbek]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldrefugeesurvey.org/images/b/bb/TurkeyMap.jpg|title=Archived copy|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100601183426/http://www.worldrefugeesurvey.org/images/b/bb/TurkeyMap.jpg|archivedate=2010-06-01|deadurl=yes|accessdate=2017-12-10|df=}}</ref>
 
=== Orang-orang keturunan Afrika ===
[[Berkas:Ottoman_eunuch,_1912.jpg|ka|jmpl|Seorang kepala kasim Kesultanan utsmaniyah yang berasal dari keturunan Afrika dipada tahun 1912.]]
Kehadiran orang-orang keturunan Afrika di Turki berawal dari sejarah perdanganan budak di [[Kesultanan Utsmaniyah]]. Budak-budak Afrika yang dibawa ke [[Kesultanan Utsmaniyah]] berasal dari [[Niger]], [[Arab Saudi]], [[Libya]], [[Kenya]], dan [[Sudan]] yang umumnya didatangkan melalui [[Zanzibar|Pulau Zanzibar]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080827055914/http://www.todayszaman.com/tz-web/detaylar.do?load=detay&link=141522|title=Turks with African ancestors want their existence to be felt|date=2008-08-27|access-date=2017-12-11|archive-date=2008-08-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080827055914/http://www.todayszaman.com/tz-web/detaylar.do?load=detay&link=141522|dead-url=unfit}}</ref> Wilayah dengan populasi orang keturunan Afrika di Turki adalah [[Kawasan Aegea]], terutama [[İzmir]], Aydın, dan Muğla. Terdapat pula komunitas orang-orang keturunan Afrika di pedesaan dan kota-kota besar di Provinsi [[Antalya]] dan Provinsi [[Adana]].<ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=http://www.afroturk.org/yasam_alanlari.aspx|title=Yerleşim Yerleri ve Göç|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=Afroturk.org|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090218151253/http://www.afroturk.org/yasam_alanlari.aspx|archivedate=18 February 2009|deadurl=yes|accessdate=2017-12-10}}</ref> Jumlah orang-orang keturunan Afrika di Turki tidak diketahui secara pasti.<ref>[http://www.yeniasir.com.tr/haber_detay.php?hid=13561 Afrika'nın kapıları İzmir'e açılıyor] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090217223142/http://www.yeniasir.com.tr/haber_detay.php?hid=13561|date=17 February 2009}}, ''Yeni Asır'', 21 November 2008. Diakses tanggal 2017-12-10.</ref>
 
=== Etnis Albania ===
Laporan Dewan  Keamanan Nasional Turki (bahasa Turki:  ''Milli Güvenlik Kurulu'', MGK)  tahun 2008 menyatakan sekitar 1,3 juta orang yang memiliki darah keturunan [[Orang Albania di Turki|Albania]] menetap di Turki. Lebih dari 500.000 orang keturunan Albania di Turki masih mempertahankan budaya dan bahasa Albania di kehidupan sehari-hari mereka. Menurut sumber-sumber lain orang-orang keturunan [[Albania]] di Turki mencapai 5 juta orang.<ref name="sablon.sdu.edu.tr">{{Cite web |url=http://sablon.sdu.edu.tr/dergi/sosbilder/dosyalar/27/OS_16.pdf |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2017-12-11 |archive-date=2015-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150927134953/https://sablon.sdu.edu.tr/dergi/sosbilder/dosyalar/27/OS_16.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.al/books?id=vM5hZEsdz94C&pg=PA98&dq=5+million+albanians+in+turkey&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CCEQ6AEwAWoVChMI3M_xuaXfxgIVgVkUCh1fTQRg#v=onepage&q=5%20million%20albanians%20in%20turkey&f=false|title=Ethnopolitics in Cyberspace: The Internet, Minority Nationalism, and the Web of Identity|author=Robert A. Saunders|publisher=Lexington Books|page=98}}</ref> Sebagian besar dari mereka berasal dari etnis Albania Kosovo/Makedonia dan Cameria Tosk yang melarikan diri dari penganiayaan orang [[Yunani]] dan [[Serbia]] pasca [[Perang Balkan]]. Terdapat juga beberapa orang Albania dari [[Orang Albania di Montenegro|Montenegro]] dan [[Albania]] di Turki.
 
Sebuah lembaga ''Turkish-Albanian Brotherhood Culture and Solidarity Association'' dibentuk untuk melestarikan tradisi dan budaya Albania. Lembaga ini sering mengadakan festival-festival [[folklor]] dan malam budaya Albania di Turki. Organisasi ini berpusat di [[Bayrampaşa]] di kota [[Istanbul]] dan memiliki tiga cabang yang terletak di [[Küçükçekmece]] dan terdapat di [[Provinsi Ankara]] dan Provinsi [[Provinsi Bursa|Bursa]]. Setiap tahun lembaga ini menyediakan kelas-kelas bahasa Albania dan menyelenggarakan perayaan-perayaan untuk memperingati kemerdekaan Albania.
 
=== Etnis Arab ===
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=== Etnis Armenia ===
[[Berkas:Marcharmenians.jpg|jmpl|Para pengungsi etnis Armenia yang menjadi tawanan perang pada tahun 1915.]]
Suku bangsa Armenia adalah penduduk asli dataran tinggi Armenia yang sekarang wilayahnya terbagi menjadi wilayah kedaulatan [[Turki|Republik Turki]], [[Republik Armenia]], bagian selatan dari negara [[Georgia]], wilayah barat dari negara [[Azerbaijan]], dan bagian barat laut negara [[Iran]].<ref>Modern History of Armenia in the Works of Foreign Authors [Novaya istoriya Armenii v trudax sovremennix zarubezhnix avtorov], edited by R. Sahakyan, Yerevan, 1993, p. 15 (in Russian)</ref> Pada tahun 1880 pemerintah Turki melarang penggunakaan kata "Armenia" di kalangan pers, buku-buku sekolah, dan pemerintahan. Pemerintah Turki mengganti kata "Armenia" dengan istilah lain seperti Anatolia Timur atau Kurdistan bagian Utara.<ref>{{cite book|title=Crooks, crime and corruption|url=https://archive.org/details/crookscrimecorru0000boar|last=Blundell|first=Roger Boar, Nigel|publisher=Dorset Press|year=1991|isbn=9780880296151|location=New York|page=[https://archive.org/details/crookscrimecorru0000boar/page/232 232]}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Burning Tigris: The Armenian Genocide and America's Response|last=Balakian|first=Peter|publisher=HarperCollins|isbn=9780061860171|page=36}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The World in arms : timeframe AD 1900-1925|url=https://archive.org/details/worldinarmstimef00time|last=Books|first=the editors of Time-Life|publisher=Time-Life Books|year=1989|isbn=9780809464708|edition=U.S.|location=Alexandria, Va.|page=[https://archive.org/details/worldinarmstimef00time/page/84 84]}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AhMoMFuO--gC&lpg=PA9&dq=armenia%20word%20banned%20abdul&pg=PA9#v=onepage&q=armenia%20word%20banned%20abdul&f=false|title=Media Practice in Iraq.|last=K. Al-Rawi|first=Ahmed|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|year=2012|isbn=9780230354524|location=|page=9|pages=|accessdate=2017-12-11}}{{Pranala mati|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Populasi orang keturunan Armenia di Turki telah mengalami penurunan yang signifikan akibat peristiwa Pembantaian Hamidian dan [[Genosida Armenia]]. Diperkirakan lebih dari satu setengah juta etnis Armenia menjadi korban jiwa dalam peristiwa Pembantaian Hamidian dan Genosida Armenia. Sebelum terjadinya genosida, etnis Armenia di Turki pada tahun 1914 tercatat berjumlah 1.914.620 jiwa.<ref>[http://www.armenian- history.com/books/Arm-pop-Ottoman-Emp.pdf THE POPULATION OF THE OTTOMAN ARMENIANS by Justin McCarthy]{{Pranala mati|date=Desember 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>Raymond H. Kevorkian and Paul B. Paboudjian, ''Les Arméniens dans l'Empire Ottoman à la vielle du génocide'', Ed. ARHIS, Paris, 1992</ref>
 
Sebelum pecahnya peristiwa genosida terhadap etnis Armenia, diketahui terdapat 2.300 buah bangunan gereja berdiri dan 700 buah sekolah dibanguan dengan jumlah siswa sekitar 82.000 orang.<ref name="Bedrosyan">{{cite news|url=http://www.armenianweekly.com/2011/08/01/searching-for-lost-armenian-churches-and-schools-in-turkey/|title=Bedrosyan: Searching for Lost Armenian Churches and Schools in Turkey|last=Bedrosyan|first=Raffi|date=August 1, 2011|work=|newspaper=The Armenian Weekly|accessdate=2017-12-11|via=}}</ref> Angka ini belum termasuk jumlah bangunan gereja dan sekolah dari denominasi Protestan dan Paroki Katolik Armenia.<ref name="Bedrosyan" /> Setelah peristiwa genosida etnis [[Orang Armenia di Turki|Armenia]] berakhir, diperkirakan 200.000 orang etnis Armenia tersisa di Turki.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FA0815FA395D16738DDDAB0A94D8415B858DF1D3|title=ONLY 200,000 ARMENIANS NOW LEFT IN TURKEY|last=|first=|date=October 22, 1915|work=|newspaper=New York Times|accessdate=2017-12-11|via=}}</ref> Saat ini diperkirakan jumlah etnis Armenia di Turki berjumlah sebesar 40.000 hingga 70.000 jiwa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bolsohays.com/webac.asp?referans=1|title=Tarihte Ermeniler|last=Turay|first=Anna|date=|website=|publisher=[http://www.bolsohays.com Bolsohays: Istanbul Armenians]|accessdate=2017-12-11}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.taraf.com.tr/Yazar.asp?id=12|title=Türk Ermenisiz, Ermeni Türksüz olmaz!|last=Hür|first=Ayşe|date=2008-08-31|work=[[Taraf]]|language=Turkish|quote=Sonunda nüfuslarını 70 bine indirmeyi başardık.|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080902110745/http://www.taraf.com.tr/yazar.asp?id=12|archivedate=2008-09-02|deadurl=yes|accessdate=2017-12-11|via=|df=}}</ref>
 
Saat Turki memasuki babak baru sebagai negara Republik sekuler dan mulai membuat berbagai kebijakan untuk mencoba menghapuskan warisan kebudayaan Armenia di Turki. Contoh dari kebijakan-kebijakan tersebut antara lain adalah pemaksaan menggunakan nama belakang ala Turki, perubahan nama-nama geografis, penyitaan properti, hingga penggantian nama binatang.<ref name="Animals">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4328285.stm|title=Turkey renames 'divisive' animals|date=8 March 2005|newspaper=BBC|quote=Animal name changes: Red fox known as Vulpes Vulpes Kurdistanica becomes Vulpes Vulpes. Wild sheep called Ovis Armeniana becomes Ovis Orientalis Anatolicus Roe deer known as Capreolus Capreolus Armenus becomes Capreolus Cuprelus Capreolus.|accessdate=16 January 2013}}</ref> Orang-orang etnis Armenia di Turki sekarang banyak terkonsentrasi di kota paling besar di Turki, [[Istanbul]]. Sebagian besar orang-orang etnis Armenia di Turki menjalankan media cetak koran dan sekolah. Mayoritas orang Armenia di Turki menganut agama Kristen Ortodoks Armenia, sebagian kecil lainnya menganut agama Kristen Katolik, Gereja Injili Armenia.<ref name="Bedrosyan" />.
 
=== AssyriansAsiria ===
Suku bangsa [[Asiria]] dulunya pernah menjadi suku bangsa minoritas dengan jumlah yang signifikan di [[Kesultanan Utsmaniyah]]. Namun, akibat terjadinya peristiwa [[genosida Asiria]] selama [[Perang Dunia I|Perang Dunia yang Pertama]], banyak orang-orang dari etnis Asiria dibunuh, dideportasi, atau melarikan diri dari wilayah Turki.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CB4Bh0-zrgoC|title=The Armenian Genocide: Cultural and Ethical Legacies|last=Hovannisian|first=Richard G.|date=2007|publisher=Transaction Publishers|isbn=9781412806190|language=en}}</ref> Terdapat pula orang-orang etnis Asiria yang bertahan hidup di bawah pemerintahan Turki, mereka ini adalah komunitas Asiria yang menjadi pribumi di wilayah bagian tenggara Turki dan kota [[Istanbul]] (meskipun banyak juga suku bangsa minoritas lain yang mengalami hal yang serupa, seperti etnis Armenia dan etnis Yunani). Jumlah populasi etnis Asiria di Turki diperkirakan sekitar 30.000 orang.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.refworld.org/docid/49749c9837.html|title=Refworld {{!}} World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples - Turkey : Assyrians|last=Refugees|first=United Nations High Commissioner for|newspaper=Refworld|language=en|access-date=2017-12-11}}</ref>
[[Assyrian people|Assyrians]] were once a large ethnic minority in the [[Ottoman Empire]], but following the early 20th century [[Assyrian Genocide]], many were murdered, deported, or ended up emigrating. Those that remain live in small numbers in their [[Tur Abdin|indigenous South Eastern Turkey]] (although in larger numbers than other groups murdered in [[Armenian Genocide|Armenian]] or [[Greek genocide]]s) and Istanbul. They number around 30,000.
 
=== BosniaksEtnis Bosnia ===
Today,Suku thebangsa existenceBosnia ofadalah [[Bosniaks]]termasuk inkaum theminoritas countryetnis isyang evidenttergolong everywherecukup dominan di Turki. Keberadaan Inetnis Bosnia dapat ditemukan dengan mdah di negara ini. Di kota-kota citiesbesar likeseperti İstanbul, Eskişehir, Ankara, İzmir, oratau Adana, onesangat canmudah easilyuntuk findditemui districtsdistrik, streetsjalan, shopstoko-toko, oratau restaurantsrumah withmakan namesyang suchmenggunakan nama-nama asseperti Bosna, Yenibosna, Mostar, oratau Novi Pazar yang identik dengan negara [[Bosnia dan Herzegovina]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Bernard Lewis|title=The Emergence of Modern Turkey|author=Bernard Lewis|page=87}}</ref> Meskipun However,jumlah itetnis isBosnia extremelydi difficultTurki toterbilang estimatecukup howbanyak, manytetapi Bosniakssangat livesulit inuntuk thismenentukan country.berapa jumlah Somepasti Bosnianpopulasi researcherssuku believebangsa thatBosnia thedi numberTurki. ofBeberapa Bosniakspeneliti inasal TurkeyBosnia ismenyatakan aboutbahwa fourjumlah million.populasi orang TurkishBosnia politiciansdi areTurki awaremencapai ofempat thejuta largejiwa. numberPara ofpolitisi Bosniaksdi livingTurki inmenyadari Turkey,akan and,eksistensi referencingetnis thisBosnia indi Turki. Pada tahun 2010, TurkishMenteri Luar ForeignNegeri MinisterTurki [[Ahmet Davutoğlu]] said:mengatakan "ThereTerdapat arelebih morebanyak Bosniaksorang livingketurunan inBosnia Turkeytinggal thandi inTurki dibandingkan dengan yang tinggal di [[Bosnia dan Herzegovina]]."<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.todayszaman.com/news-313388-the-impact-of-bosnians-on-the-turkish-stateby-karol-kujawa-.html |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2017-12-11 |archive-date=2014-05-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140514101712/http://www.todayszaman.com/news-313388-the-impact-of-bosnians-on-the-turkish-stateby-karol-kujawa-.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
 
=== BritonsSuku bangsa Britania Raya ===
ThereTerdapat are at leastsekitar 34,.000 '''Britonsorang yang berasal dari Britania Raya ([[Suku Briton|Briton]]) yang tinggal indi Turkey'''Turki.<ref name="BBC">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/in_depth/brits_abroad/html/europe.stm Brits Abroad: BBC]</ref> TheySebagian consistbesar mainlydari ofmereka [[Unitedadalah Kingdom|British]]warga citizensnegara marriedBritania toRaya [[Turkey|Turkish]]yang spouses,menikah dengan pasangan [[Britishorang TurksTurki]]. whoOrang haveBritania movedRaya backyang intotinggal thedi country,Turki studentsumumnya andadalah familiespelajar ofdan long-term[[ekspatriat]] expatriatesyang employedbekerja predominatelydi inberbagai white-collarbidang industryindustri.<ref name="A">{{Cite news|url=http://www.capital.com.tr/the-number-of-expats-has-reached-26000-haberler/20006.aspx|title=The Number Of Expats Has Reached 26,000|worklast=CapitalYavuz|first=Hande|lastwork=YavuzCapital|access-date=2017-12-11|archive-date=2011-01-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110114013411/http://www.capital.com.tr/the-number-of-expats-has-reached-26000-haberler/20006.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
 
=== BulgariansEtnis Bulgaria ===
PeopleTerdapat identifyingsejumlah asorang [[Bulgarians|Bulgarian]]etnis includeBulgaria adi largeTurki numberyang ofsebagian thebesar terdiri dari orang-orang dari suku bangsa [[Pomaks|Pomak]] anddan asebagian smallkecil numberlainnya ofadalah orang-orang [[Bangsa Bulgaria|etnis Bulgaria]] yang Orthodoxberagama Krsiten BulgariansOrtodoks.<ref>The Balkans, Minorities and States in Conflict (1993), Minority Rights Publication, by Hugh Poulton, p. 111.</ref><ref>Richard V. Weekes; Muslim peoples: a world ethnographic survey, Volume 1; 1984; [https://books.google.com/books?ei=in2CTfrLDsbAswbbvr2cAw&ct=result&id=aVdIAAAAMAAJ&dq=pomaks&q=%22pomaks+exist%22#search_anchor p.612]</ref><ref>Raju G. C. Thomas; Yugoslavia unraveled: sovereignty, self-determination, intervention; 2003, [https://books.google.com/books?id=9L6ZayN27PAC&pg=PA105&dq=pomaks&hl=en&ei=in2CTfrLDsbAswbbvr2cAw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CFAQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=pomaks&f=false p.105]</ref> Menurut seorang ahli [[etnologi]], terdapat sekitar 300.000 jiwa etnis [[Pomak]] di [[Turki]] yang menuturkan [[bahasa Bulgaria]] sebagai bahasa ibu mereka.<ref>R.{{cite Jbook|url=http://www.ethnologue.com|title=Ethnologue: Crampton,Languages Bulgariaof the World|publisher=SIL International|year=2005|isbn=978-1-55671-159-6|editor=Gordon, 2007Raymond G. Jr.|edition=Fifteenth|location=[[Dallas, pTexas]]|chapter=Languages of Turkey (Europe)|chapterurl=http://www.8ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=TRE}}</ref><ref>Janusz Bugajski,Sangat Ethnicsulit politicsmengetahui injumlah Easternpasti Europe:orang aBulgaria guidekhususnya toetnis nationalityPomak policies,di organizations,Turki andkarena parties;banyak 1995,orang [httpsPomak yang sudah berintegrasi dan berasimilasi dengan budaya dan bahasa setempat.<ref name="hurriyet">{{cite news|url=http://bookswww.googlehurriyetdailynews.com/booksh.php?idnews=m_AcqFSfvzAC&pgtrial-sheds-light-on-shades-of-turkey-2008-06-10|title=PA243&dqTrial sheds light on shades of Turkey|last=pomaks&hl|first=en&ei|date=G4aCTb3qNcaOswa7uLCeAw&sa2008-06-10|work=X&oi|publisher=book_result&ct''Hurriyet Daily News and Economic Review''|archiveurl=result&resnumhttps://www.webcitation.org/5xPCtaAXt?url=3&vedhttp://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/h.php?news=0CC4Q6AEwAjgy#vtrial-sheds-light-on-shades-of-turkey-2008-06-10|archivedate=onepage&q2011-03-23|deadurl=pomaks&fyes|accessdate=false p.237]2017-12-11|via=|df=}}</ref> AccordingMenurut tolaporan ''[[EthnologueMilliyet]]'' atdan presentBerita 300Harian Turki,000 Pomaksjumlah inetnis Pomak dan orang Pomak yang sudah berasimilasi dengan [[EastOrang ThraceTurki|Europeanetnis TurkeyTurki]] speakberjumlah Bulgariansekitar as600.000 theirjiwa.<ref mothername="hurriyet" tongue./><ref name="Milliyet-Türkiye'deki Kürtlerin sayısı">{{cite bookweb|titleurl=Ethnologuehttp://www.milliyet.com.tr/default.aspx?aType=SonDakika&Kategori=yasam&ArticleID=873452&Date=07.06.2008&ver=16|title=Milliyet Languages- ofTurkified thePomaks Worldin Turkey|editorlast=Gordon,|first=|date=|website=|publisher=www.milliyet.com.tr|language=tr|accessdate=2017-12-11}}</ref> RaymondMenurut G.Kementerian Urusan JrLuar Negeri Bulgaria terdapat komunitas Kristen Ortodoks Bulgaria di Turki dengan jumlah sekitar 500 orang.<ref>{{Cite web |publisherurl=SILhttp://www.mfa.bg/bg/pages/view/5360 International|locationtitle=[[Dallas,"Българската общност в Република Турция " Texas]]|yearaccess-date=20052017-12-11 |editionarchive-date=Fifteenth|isbn=9782012-108-5567108 |archive-159-6|url=httphttps://wwwweb.ethnologuearchive.com|chapterurl=org/web/20120808034529/http://www.ethnologuemfa.combg/show_country.asp?name=TREbg/pages/view/5360 |chapterdead-url=Languagesyes of Turkey (Europe)}}</ref>
It is very hard to estimate the number of Pomaks along with the [[turkification|Turkified]] Pomaks who live in Turkey, as they have blended into the Turkish society and have been often linguistically and culturally dissimilated.<ref name="hurriyet">{{cite news|url=http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/h.php?news=trial-sheds-light-on-shades-of-turkey-2008-06-10 |title=Trial sheds light on shades of Turkey |date=2008-06-10 |publisher=''Hurriyet Daily News and Economic Review'' |accessdate=2011-03-23 |archivedate=2011-03-23 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5xPCtaAXt?url=http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/h.php?news=trial-sheds-light-on-shades-of-turkey-2008-06-10 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref> According to ''[[Milliyet]]'' and ''[[Turkish Daily News]]'' reports, the number of Pomaks along with the Turkified Pomaks in the country is about 600,000.<ref name= "Milliyet-Türkiye'deki Kürtlerin sayısı">
{{cite web|url=http://www.milliyet.com.tr/default.aspx?aType=SonDakika&Kategori=yasam&ArticleID=873452&Date=07.06.2008&ver=16|title=Milliyet - Turkified Pomaks in Turkey|publisher=www.milliyet.com.tr|accessdate=2011-02-08|last=|first=|language=tr}}</ref><ref name="hurriyet"/> According to the Bulgarian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Bulgarian [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox Christian]] community in Turkey stands at 500 members.<ref>[http://www.mfa.bg/bg/pages/view/5360 "Българската общност в Република Турция "]</ref>
 
=== Suku Bangsa Turki dari Asia Tengah ===
===Central Asian Turkic peoples===
==== KazakhsSuku Kazakh ====
TheyTerdapat are aboutsekitar 30,.000 orang keturunan [[KazakhBangsa peopleKazakh|Kazakh]] livingmenetap indi Zeytinburnu, di kota [[ZeytinburnuIstanbul]]-Istanbul. ItSelain isdi knownIstnabul thatkomunitas there[[Bangsa areKazakh|orang Kazakh]] peoplejuga interdapat otherdi partswilayah oflainnya Turkeydi Turki, forseperti instancedi wilayah Manisa, di kota [[Konya]]. InGelombang migrasi orang-orang Kazakh ke Turki terjadi pada tahun 1969 anddan 1954. KazakhsPada migratedmulanya intomereka Anatolia'smenetap Salihlidi wilayah Salihi, Develi, anddan Altay regions.<ref name="Espace">{{cite book|title=Espace populations sociétés|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RCkkAQAAIAAJ&q=kayseri+diaspora+pakistan&dq=kayseri+diaspora+pakistan&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiby-XQ5urOAhVEpx4KHR4dCd04ChDoAQhAMAY|yeartitle=2006Espace populations sociétés|publisher=Université des sciences et techniques de Lille, U.E.R. de géographie|year=2006|page=174}}</ref> TurkeyTerdapat becamebeebrapa homeorganisasi tobagi refugeepara Kazakhs.<refketurunan name="Forbes1986">{{citeKazakh book|author=Andrewdi D.Turki, W.seperti Forbes|title=WarlordsYayasan and Muslims in Chinese Central Asia: A Political History of Republican Sinkiang 1911Kazakh-1949|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IAs9AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA156#v=onepage&q&f=false|date=9Turki October([[bahasa 1986|publisher=CUP Archive|isbn=978-0-521-25514-1|pages=156–}}{{cite book|author=Andrew D. W. Forbes|title=Warlords and Muslims in Chinese Central AsiaTurki]]: A Political History of Republican Sinkiang 1911-1949|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IAs9AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA236#v=onepage&q&f=false|date=9 October 1986|publisher=CUP Archive|isbn=978-0-521-25514-1|pages=236–}}</ref> The Kazakh Turks Foundation (Kazak Türkleri Vakfı) is an organization of Kazakhs in Turkey.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kazakturklerivakfi.org/index.php?limitstart=118 |title= |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date= |website=Kazak Türkleri Vakfı Resmi Web Sayfası |publisher= |access-date= |quote=}}</ref> Kazakhs in Turkey came via Pakistan and Afghanistan.<ref name="Gladney2004">{{cite book|authorarchive-date=Dru C. Gladney|title=Dislocating China: Muslims, Minorities, and Other Subaltern Subjects2016-09-13|archive-url=https://booksweb.googlearchive.comorg/booksweb/20160913180046/http://www.kazakturklerivakfi.org/index.php?idlimitstart=mzxSNM3_vCEC&pg=PA184#v=onepage&q&f=false118|date=1 April 2004|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978dead-0-226-29776-7|pagesurl=184–yes}}</ref> ''Kazakdan KültürOrganisasi Derneği''Diaspora (Kazakh Culturedi Associration)Turki is([[bahasa aTurki]]: Kazakh''Kazak diasporaKültür organization in TurkeyDerneği'').<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kazakkultur.org/ |title= |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date= |website= Kazak Kültür Derneği |publisher= |access-date= |quote=|archive-date=2020-04-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411101654/http://www.kazakkultur.org/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
 
==== KyrgyzKirgiz ====
 
Turkey'sKawasan sekitar [[LakeDanau Van]] areadi isTurki theadalah homerumah ofbagi [[Kyrgyzpengungsi people#Inetnis Afghanistan|KyrgyzKirgiz refugeesdari from Afghanistan[[Afganistan]].<ref name="Planet2014">{{cite book|author=Lonely Planet|title=Great Adventures|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3DWvAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT29#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Great Adventures|author=Lonely Planet|date=1 June 2014|publisher=Lonely Planet Publications|isbn=978-1-74360-102-0|pages=}}</ref> TurkeyTurki becamemenjadisalah asatu destinationtujuan fortempat [[Kyrgyzpengungsian inbagi Pakistan|Kyrgyzpara refugees]]pengungsi dueetnis toKirgiz theselama [[SovietPerang war in AfghanistanSoviet–Afganistan]] from Afghanistan's Wakhan area.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Finkel |first=Michael |last2= |first2= |date=February 2013 |title=Wakhan Corridor |url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2013/02/wakhan-corridor/finkel-text |journal=National Geographic |publisher= |volume= |issue= |pages= |doi= |access-date=30 August 2016}}</ref> 500Terdapat remainedsebuah andorganisasi didbagi notetnis goKirgiz todi TurkeyTurki withyang thebernama others.<refPersahabatan name="Phillips2001">{{citedan book|author=DavidMasyarakat J.Budaya Phillips|title=PeoplesKirgiztan on([[bahasa the MoveKirgiz]]: Introducing the Nomads of the World|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=54gyRnhIugkC&pg=PA314#v=onepage&q&f=false|year=2001|publisher=William Carey Library|isbn=978-0-87808-352-7|pages=314–}}</ref> ''Friendship and Culture Society of Kyrgyzstan'' (Кыргызстан Достук жана Маданият Коому)'', ([[bahasa Turki]]: ''Kırgızistan Kültür ve Dostluk Derneği Resmi Sitesi'') is a Kyrgyz diaspora organization in Turkey.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kyrgyzstan.org.tr/tr.html|title=|last1=|first1=|last2=|first2=|date=|website=Кыргызстан Достук жана Маданият Коому (Kırgızistan Kültür ve Dostluk Derneği Resmi Sitesi)|publisher=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131008052336/http://www.kyrgyzstan.org.tr/tr.html |archive-date=2017-12-11|dead-url=yes |archiveaccess-date=2013-10-08 |titlequote=}}</ref> |last1=Tidak |first1=diketahui |last2=secara |first2=pasti |date=jumlah |website=etnis Kirgiz di Turki.
Кыргызстан Достук жана Маданият Коому (Kırgızistan Kültür ve Dostluk Derneği Resmi Sitesi) |publisher= |access-date= |quote=}}</ref>
 
==== Uzbek ====
They were airlifted in 1982 from Pakistan where they had sought refugee after the [[Soviet invasion of Afghanistan]] at the end of 1979. Their original home was at the eastern end of the [[Wakhan]] Corridor, in the [[Pamirs]], bordering on China. It is not known how many Kyrgyz still live in Van and how many have moved on to other parts of Turkey.
[[Uzbek|Suku bangsa Uzbek]] berjumlah sekitar 45.000 jiwa di Turki. Pada dekade 1800-an wilayah utara Bogrudelik di [[Konya]] dikuasai oleh orang Tatar Bukharlyks. Pada tahun 1981 gelombang pengungsi dari etnis Uzbek di wilayah Pakistan bermigrasi ke Turki. Pemukiman pertama mereka terletak di Kayseri, Izmir, Ankara, dan Zeytinburnu.<ref name="Espace" />
 
====Uzbeks Uighur ====
Terdapat sekitar 50.000 jiwa etnis [[Suku Uighur|Uighur]] di Turki.<ref name=":2">{{cite news|url=http://national.bgnnews.com/isil-recruits-chinese-with-fake-turkish-passports-from-istanbul-haberi/4968|title=ISIL recruits Chinese with fake Turkish passports from Istanbul|last=|first=|date=April 9, 2015|work=|newspaper=BGNNews.com|location=Istanbul|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925213242/http://national.bgnnews.com/isil-recruits-chinese-with-fake-turkish-passports-from-istanbul-haberi/4968|archive-date=2017-12-11|dead-url=yes|access-date=|via=}}</ref> Kota [[Kayseri]] menerima sejumlah pengungsi etnis Uighur melalui [[Komisioner Tinggi PBB untuk Pengungsi]] pada rentang tahun 1966 hingga 1967. Komunitas Uighur dapat ditemui di kota Istanbul. Kantong populasi etnis Uighur di [[Istanbul]] terletak di distrik Küçükçekmece, Sefaköy, dan Zeytinburnu. Terdapat dua buah masjid (masjid Tuzla dan masjid Zeytinburnu) yang digunakan komunitas Uighur di Istanbul.<ref name="Starr2015">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XuvqBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA391&dq=community+mosques+zeytinburnu&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi-kpLl_-rOAhVLGx4KHZbPAhsQ6AEIHjAA#v=onepage&q=community%20mosques%20zeytinburnu&f=false|title=Xinjiang: China's Muslim Borderland|author=S. Frederick Starr|date=4 March 2015|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-45137-2|pages=391–}}</ref><ref name="JenkinsGottlieb2011">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fm-ZG42HZgwC&pg=PA108&dq=community+mosques+zeytinburnu&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi-kpLl_-rOAhVLGx4KHZbPAhsQ6AEIJDAB#v=onepage&q=community%20mosques%20zeytinburnu&f=false|title=Identity Conflicts: Can Violence be Regulated?|author2=Esther E. Gottlieb|date=31 December 2011|publisher=Transaction Publishers|isbn=978-1-4128-0924-5|pages=108–|author1=J. Craig Jenkins}}</ref> Pada tahun 2015 pemerintah Turki membuka diri untuk menerima pengungsi Uighur yang tinggal di Thailand. Keputusan Turki untuk membuka diri bagi etnis Uighur ini ditentang oleh pemerintah Republik Rakyat Tiongkok.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/internasional/20150705145031-113-64470/turki-terima-ratusan-warga-uighur-china-meradang/|title=Turki Terima Ratusan Warga Uighur, China Meradang|last=Armandhanu/Reuters|first=Denny|work=[[CNN Indonesia]]|language=en|access-date=2017-12-11}}</ref>
Turkey is home to 45,000 Uzbeks.<ref>[http://evrenpasakoyu.wordpress.com Evrenpaşa Köyü | Güney Türkistan'dan Anadoluya Urfa Ceylanpınar Özbek Türkleri]. Evrenpasakoyu.wordpress.com. Retrieved on 2013-07-12.</ref> In the 1800s Konya's north Bogrudelik was settled by Tatar [[Emirate of Bukhara|Bukharlyks]]. In 1981 [[Uzbeks in Pakistan|Afghan Turkestan refugees in Pakistan]] moved to Turkey to join the existing Kayseri, Izmir, Ankara, and Zeytinburnu based communities.<ref name="Espace"/> Turkish based Uzbeks have established links to Saudi-based Uzbeks.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Balcı |first=Bayram |last2= |first2= |date=Winter 2004 |title=The Role of the Pilgrimage in Relations between Uzbekistan and the Uzbek Community of Saudi Arabia |url=https://cess.memberclicks.net/assets/cesr2/CESR3/article%203%20v3n1.pdf |journal=CENTRAL EURASIAN STUDIES REVIEW |publisher= |volume=3 |issue=1 |page=17 |doi= |access-date=30 August 2016}}</ref>
 
====Uyghurs= Sirkasia ===
Menurut laporan laporan surat kabar Turki, [[Milliyet]], ada sekitar 2,5 juta etnis Sirkasia tinggal di Turki.<ref name="Milliyet-Türkiye'deki Kürtlerin sayısı" /> Namun, menurut laporan [[Uni Eropa]] terdapat tiga hingga lima juta keturunan Sirkasia di Turki.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Emergence of Modern Turkey|author=Bernard Lewis|page=94}}</ref> Kelompok etnis lain seperti Abazin dan Abkhaz sering kali digolongkan sebagai suku bangsa Sirkasia. Orang-orang Sirkasia adalah imigran dari kawasan [[Kaukasus]]. Etnis Sirkasian di Turki sudah berasimilasi dengan bahasa dan budaya Turki. Sebagian besar orang Sirkasia menganut agama [[Sunni|Islam Sunni]] dengan mazhab [[Mazhab Hanafi|Hanafi]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/~haroldfs/540/handouts/ussr/circass.htm|title=The History of Circassians|website=ccat.sas.upenn.edu|access-date=2017-12-12}}</ref>
Turkey is home to 50,000 Uyghurs.<ref>{{cite news |last= |first= |date= April 9, 2015 |title=ISIL recruits Chinese with fake Turkish passports from Istanbul |url=http://national.bgnnews.com/isil-recruits-chinese-with-fake-turkish-passports-from-istanbul-haberi/4968|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925213242/http://national.bgnnews.com/isil-recruits-chinese-with-fake-turkish-passports-from-istanbul-haberi/4968|dead-url=yes|archive-date=September 25, 2015|newspaper=BGNNews.com|location=Istanbul |access-date= }}</ref> A community of Uyghurs live in Turkey.<ref>{{cite news |last=Blanchard |first=Ben |date= July 11, 2015 |title=China says Uighurs being sold as 'cannon fodder' for extremist groups |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-turkey-idUSKCN0PL08520150711|newspaper=Reuters |location=BEIJING |access-date= }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last= |first= |date=July 11, 2015 |title= Uyghurs sold as ‘cannon fodder’ for extremist groups: China |url=http://atimes.com/2015/07/uyghurs-being-sold-as-cannon-fodder-for-extremist-groups-china/ |newspaper=Asia Times |location= |access-date= }}</ref> [[Kayseri]] received Uyghurs numbering close to 360 via the UNHCR in 1966–1967 from Pakistan.<ref name="ShichorCenter2009">{{cite book|author1=Yitzhak Shichor|author2=East-West Center|title=Ethno-diplomacy, the Uyghur hitch in Sino-Turkish relations|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IR4tAQAAIAAJ&q=kayseri+unhcr+pakistan&dq=kayseri+unhcr+pakistan&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjavKHrhevOAhXFGR4KHT-NBCQQ6AEITzAH|year=2009|publisher=East-West Center|isbn=978-1-932728-80-4|page=16}}</ref> The Turkey-based Uyghur diaspora had a number of family members among Saudi Arabia, Afghanistan, India, and Pakistan based Uyghurs who stayed behind while the UNHCR and government of Turkey had Kayseri receive 75 Uyghurs in 1967 and 230 Uyghurs in 1965 and a number in 1964 under Alptekin and Bughra.<ref name="PuschWilkoszewski2008">{{cite book|author1=Barbara Pusch|author2=Tomas Wilkoszewski|title=Facetten internationaler Migration in die Türkei: gesellschaftliche Rahmenbedingungen und persönliche Lebenswelten|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yFYOAQAAMAAJ&q=kayseri+unhcr+pakistan&dq=kayseri+unhcr+pakistan&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiN6Z_BhuvOAhXJJB4KHQMJBJc4ChDoAQgsMAE|year=2008|publisher=Ergon-Verlag|isbn=978-3-89913-647-0|page=221}}</ref> ''We never call each other Uyghur, but only refer to ourselves as East Turkestanis, or Kashgarlik, Turpanli, or even Turks.''- according to some Uyghurs born in Turkey.<ref name="Gladney2004 2">{{cite book|author=Dru C. Gladney|title=Dislocating China: Muslims, Minorities, and Other Subaltern Subjects|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mzxSNM3_vCEC&pg=PA183&dq=central+asian+features+turkish+popular+blood&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjussOhne3OAhWHqR4KHbaoDXAQ6AEIHjAA#v=onepage&q=central%20asian%20features%20turkish%20popular%20blood&f=false|date=1 April 2004|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-29776-7|pages=183–}}</ref><ref name="AtabakiO'Kane1998">{{cite book|author1=Touraj Atabaki|author2=John O'Kane|title=Post-Soviet Central Asia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KwZpAAAAMAAJ&q=central+asian+features+turkish+popular+blood&dq=central+asian+features+turkish+popular+blood&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjussOhne3OAhWHqR4KHbaoDXAQ6AEIJDAB|date=15 October 1998|publisher=I. B. Tauris|isbn=978-1-86064-327-9|page=305}}</ref>
 
=== Etnis Yunani ===
A community of Uyghurs live in Istanbul.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://twitter.com/aronlund/status/681549679864213504 |title= |last1=Lund |first1=Aron |last2= |first2= |date= |website=twitter.com |publisher= |access-date= |quote=}}</ref> Tuzla and Zeytinburnu mosques are used by the Uyghurs in Istanbul.<ref name="Starr2015">{{cite book|author=S. Frederick Starr|title=Xinjiang: China's Muslim Borderland|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XuvqBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA391&dq=community+mosques+zeytinburnu&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi-kpLl_-rOAhVLGx4KHZbPAhsQ6AEIHjAA#v=onepage&q=community%20mosques%20zeytinburnu&f=false|date=4 March 2015|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-45137-2|pages=391–}}</ref><ref name="JenkinsGottlieb2011">{{cite book|author1=J. Craig Jenkins|author2=Esther E. Gottlieb|title=Identity Conflicts: Can Violence be Regulated?|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fm-ZG42HZgwC&pg=PA108&dq=community+mosques+zeytinburnu&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi-kpLl_-rOAhVLGx4KHZbPAhsQ6AEIJDAB#v=onepage&q=community%20mosques%20zeytinburnu&f=false|date=31 December 2011|publisher=Transaction Publishers|isbn=978-1-4128-0924-5|pages=108–}}</ref> Piety is a characteristic of among Turkey dwelling Uyghurs.<ref>{{cite book|title=Exploring the Nature of Uighur Nationalism: Freedom Fighters Or Terrorists? : Hearing Before the Subcommittee on International Organizations, Human Rights, and Oversight of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred Eleventh Congress, First Session, June 16, 2009|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7oKvcP_FFTYC&q=Istanbul+community+mosques+zeytinburnu&dq=Istanbul+community+mosques+zeytinburnu&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiirLWl6-rOAhUGXh4KHRlaDdIQ6AEIJzAC|year=2009|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|page=52}}</ref><ref name="Oversight2009">{{cite book|author=United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Subcommittee on International Organizations, Human Rights, and Oversight|title=Exploring the nature of Uighur nationalism: freedom fighters or terrorists? : hearing before the Subcommittee on International Organizations, Human Rights, and Oversight of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred Eleventh Congress, first session, June 16, 2009|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gpqOZyk2yUUC&q=community+mosques+zeytinburnu&dq=community+mosques+zeytinburnu&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi-kpLl_-rOAhVLGx4KHZbPAhsQ6AEIKTAC|year=2009|publisher=U.S. G.P.O.|page=52}}</ref>
Orang-orang keturunan Yunani di Turki sebagian besar tinggal di [[Istanbul]], [[Kepulauan Pangeran]], Pulau Imbros, dan [[Bozcaada|Pulau Tenedos]] (bahasa Turki: ''Gökçeada'' dan ''Bozcaada''). Komunitas keturunan Yunani di Istnabul berjumlah sekitar 67.550 jiwa pada tahun 1955. Namun, peristiwa [[Pogrom Istanbul|Kerusuhan Istanbul]] pada tanggal 6 dan 7 September 1955 menyebabkan sejumlah kasus persekusi terhadap etnis minoritas Yunani di kota Istanbul sehingga membuat beberapa etnis Yunani menjadi korban jiwa dan ribuan lainnya keluar dari negara Turki. Laporan tahun 2006 menyatakan etnis Yunani hanya tersisa sekitar 2.500 orang saja.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|url=http://www.radikal.com.tr/haber.php?haberno=163591|title=Radikal-çevrimiçi / Yaşam / 6-7 Eylül Olayları (3)|date=2008-09-16|access-date=2017-12-12|archive-date=2008-09-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080916093009/http://www.radikal.com.tr/haber.php?haberno=163591|dead-url=unfit}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
!Tahun
!Jumlah
|-
|1923
|80.000–100.000
|-
|1955
|48.000
|-
|1978
|7.000<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://arsiv.sabah.com.tr/2008/09/07/haber,033E2E8B399A4A638FCD099591F11DD4.html|title=Sermaye nasıl el değiştirdi?|last=Kilic|first=Ecevit|date=2008-09-07|work=Sabah|language=Turkish|accessdate=2008-12-25|quote=6-7 Eylül olaylarından önce İstanbul'da 135 bin Rum yaşıyordu. Sonrasında bu sayı 70 bine düştü. 1978'e gelindiğinde bu rakam 7 bindi.|ref=harv|postscript=<!-- Bot inserted parameter. Either remove it; or change its value to "." for the cite to end in a ".", as necessary. -->{{inconsistent citations}}}}</ref>
|-
|2006
|2.500<ref name=":6" />
|}
 
=== Etnis Yahudi ===
Istanbul's districts of [[Küçükçekmece]], [[Sefaköy]] and [[Zeytinburnu]] are home to Uyghur communities.<ref>{{cite news |last= |first= |date= 8 January 2015 |title= Uygur Ajan Rabia Kadir, Doğu Türkistanlı Mücahidleri İhbar Etti |url=http://www.islahhaber.net/uygur-ajan-rabia-kadir--dogu-turkistanli-mucahidleri-ihbar-etti-42554.html |newspaper=ISLAH HABER "Özgür Ümmetin Habercisi" |location= |access-date= }}</ref> Eastern Turkistan Education and Solidarity Association is located in Turkey.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Zenn|first1=Jacob|title=An Overview of Chinese Fighters and Anti-Chinese Militant Groups in Syria and Iraq|journal=China Brief|date=10 October 2014 |volume=14|issue=19|url= http://www.jamestown.org/regions/middleeast/single/?tx_ttnews[tt_news]=42944&tx_ttnews[backPid]=49&cHash=266cbf52f118868715823bbffd809caf#.VX3kqEZGR9g |archiveurl= http://www.jamestown.org/regions/chinaasiapacific/single/?tx_ttnews[tt_news]=42944&tx_ttnews[backPid]=52&cHash=6a7e9a92db556afc0ec56de4c31c6b79#.VX3p_EZGR9g |archivedate= 10 October 2014 |accessdate=14 June 2015|publisher=The Jamestown Foundation}}</ref> Abdurahmon Abdulahad of the East Turkistan Education Association supported Uzbek Islamists who protested against Russia and Islam Karimov's Uzbekistan government.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://turkistanlilar.org/%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0-%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA-%D0%BC%D1%83%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3/ |title=Истанбулда Туркистонлик муҳожирларга қилинаётган қотилликларга қарши норозилик намойиши бўлди (Kирил ва Лотинда) |last1=YoSIN |first1=Muhammad |last2= |first2= |date=2015-11-01 |website=Uluslararası Türkistanlılar Dayanışma Derneği |publisher= |access-date= |quote=}}</ref> Uyghurs are employed in Küçükçekmece and Zeytinburnu restaurants.<ref>{{cite news |last= |first= |date= 29 November 2015 |title= China entered into Istanbul,Turkey with her 150 Spies |url=http://www.doguturkistanbulteni.com/2015/11/29/china-entered-into-istanbulturkey-with-her-150-spies/|newspaper=EAST TURKESTAN BULLETIN NEWS AGENT/ News Center |location= |access-date= }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last= |first= |date= 20 November 2015 |title= Çin İstihbaratı, 150 Ajan İle İstanbul’a Giriş Yaptı |url=http://www.doguturkistanbulteni.com/2015/11/20/cin-istihbarati150-ajani-ile-istanbula-giris-yapti/|newspaper=DOĞU TÜRKİSTAN BÜLTENİ HABER AJANSI / Haber Merkezi |location= |access-date= }}</ref> ''East Turkistan Immigration Association'',<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.doguturkistan.com.tr/ |title= |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date= |website= DOĞU TÜRKİSTAN GÖÇMENLER DERNEĞİ |publisher= |access-date= |quote=}}</ref> ''East Turkistan Culture and Solidarity Association'',<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gokbayrak.com/# |title= |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date= |website= Doğu Türkistan Kültür ve Dayanışma Derneği Genel Merkezi |publisher= |access-date= |quote=}}</ref> and ''Eastern Turkistan Education and Solidarity Association'' are Uyghur diaspora organizations in Turkey.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://maarip.org/tr/ |title= |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date= |website= Doğu Türkistan Maarif ve Dayanışma Derneği |publisher= |access-date= |quote=}}</ref>
Bangsa Yahudi hadir di Turki sejak abad ke-5 Masehi. Terdapat pula gelombang migrasi orang-orang Yahudi dari kawasan [[Semenanjung Iberia]] ([[Spanyol]] dan [[Portugal]]) ketika masa [[Kesultanan Utsmaniyah]] berkuasa di wilayah yang sekarang kita kenal sebagai [[Turki]]. Sebagian besar orang Turki keturunan Yahudi telah bermigrasi ke [[Israel]] dan [[Amerika Serikat]], tetapi masih terdapat populasi orang Yahudi yang bertahan tinggal Turki. Etnis Yahudi di Turki diperkirakan berjumlah sekitar 17.400 sampai 18.000 jiwa.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/turkey-virtual-jewish-history-tour|title=Turkey Virtual Jewish History Tour|website=www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org|language=en|access-date=2017-12-12}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite news|url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-1.714614|title=Why Jews in Terror-stricken Turkey Aren’t Fleeing to Israel – Yet|last=Maltz|first=Judy|date=2016-04-15|newspaper=Haaretz|language=en|access-date=2017-12-12}}</ref> Sebagian besar orang-orang Yahudi di Turki berasal dari subetnis [[Sefardim|Yahudi Sefardim]] dengan persentase sebesar 96% dari keseluruhan populasi Yahudi yang ada di Turki. Sebagian kecil orang Yahudi lainnya di Turki berasal dari subetnis [[Yahudi Ashkenazi]].<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldjewishcongress.org/en/about/communities/tr|title=Community in Turkey|last=Congress|first=World Jewish|website=www.worldjewishcongress.org|language=EN|access-date=2017-12-10}}</ref>
 
Sebagian besar etnis Yahudi menetap di kota [[Istanbul]]. Terdapat juga komunitas orang Yahudi di kota [[İzmir]] dengan total sekitar 2.300 jiwa dan terdapat sekitar seratus orang Yahudi di Kota [[Ankara]], Bursa, dan [[Adana]]. Sebagian orang Yahudi mencari nafkah dibidang indsutri, insinyur, kerajianan seni, dan berdagang. Terdapat 100 orang keturunan Yahudi dari sekte [[Yahudi Karait]] menetap di Turki, tetapi kebanyakan dari orang Yahudi Karait ini tidak ikut berintegrasi dengan kelompok Yahudi lainnya.<ref name=":5" />
=== Circassians ===
According to Milliyet, there are approximately 2.5 million [[Circassians]] in Turkey.<ref name= "Milliyet-Türkiye'deki Kürtlerin sayısı"/> However such assumptions have no basis. According to scholars and [[European Union|EU]] there are three to five million Circassians in Turkey.<ref>{{cite book|author=Bernard Lewis|title=The Emergence of Modern Turkey|page=94}}</ref>{{verification needed|date=May 2016}} The closely related ethnic groups [[Abazins]] (10,000<ref>[http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=abq Ethnologue: Abasinen]</ref>) and [[Abkhaz people in Turkey|Abkhazians]] (39,000<ref>[http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=abk Ethnologue: Abchasen]</ref>) are also counted as Circassians. The Circassians are a Caucasian immigrant people; the vast majority of them have been assimilated and only 20% still speak [[Circassian language|Circassian]]. In Turkey, they are usually [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] ([[Hanafi]]) [[Muslim]].
 
=== GreeksKurdi ===
{{Main article|Orang Kurdi di Turki|}}[[Berkas:Kurdish population by region (KONDA 2010).png|jmpl|Peta sebaran populasi etnis Kurdi di seluruh wilayah negara Turki.<ref name="KONDAkurd">{{cite web|url=http://www.konda.com.tr/tr/raporlar/2010_12_KONDA_Kurt_Meselesini_Yeniden_Dusunmek.pdf|title=Kürt Meselesi̇ni̇ Yeni̇den Düşünmek|last=|first=|date=July 2010|website=|publisher=KONDA|pages=19–20|accessdate=2017-12-12|archive-date=2016-01-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160122110447/http://www.konda.com.tr/tr/raporlar/2010_12_KONDA_Kurt_Meselesini_Yeniden_Dusunmek.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref>]]
The Greeks constitute a population of [[Greeks|Greek]] and [[Greek language|Greek]]-speaking [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodox]] [[Christianity|Christians]] who mostly live in [[Istanbul]], including its district [[Princes' Islands]], as well as on the two islands of the western entrance to the [[Dardanelles]]: [[Imbros]] and [[Tenedos]] ({{lang-tr|Gökçeada}} and ''Bozcaada''). Some Greek-speaking Byzantine Christians have been assimilated over the course of the last one thousand years.
Suku bangsa Kurdi ({{lang-ku|Kurdên li Tirkiyeyê}}; {{lang-tr|Türkiye'deki Kürtler}}) adalah kelompok etnis minoritas terbesar di [[Turki|Republik Turki]]. Menurut beberapa survei, jumlah orang Kurdi di Turki menyusun sekitar 15,7% hingga 25%<ref name="Mackey">Sandra Mackey, “The reckoning: Iraq and the legacy of Saddam”, W.W. Norton and Company, 2002. Excerpt from pg 350: “As much as 25% of Turkey is Kurdish.”</ref> dari total populasi penduduk Turki.<ref name="Mackey" /> Menurut organisasi [[Dana Anak-anak Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa|Dana Anak-anak Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa (UNICHEF]]) terdapat sekitar 10% hingga 30% etnis Kurdi di seluruh Turki.<ref>[http://www.unicef.org.tr/en/content/detail/53/children-in-the-population.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110214148/http://www.unicef.org.tr/en/content/detail/53/children-in-the-population.html |date=2013-11-10 }}[http://www.ekurd.net/mismas/articles/misc2012/9/turkey4166.htm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411050548/https://ekurd.net/mismas/articles/misc2012/9/turkey4166.htm |date=2020-04-11 }} UNICEF Children in the Population</ref> Tidak seperti [[Bangsa Turki|orang Turki]] pada umumnya, [[Orang Kurdi|orang-orang Kurdi]] berbicara dalam [[bahasa Kurdi]] yang tergolong kedalam rumpun [[Rumpun bahasa Indo-Eropa|bahasa Indo-Eropa]]. Orang-orang keturunan Kurdi terdapat di seluruh wilayah kedaulatan Turki, tetapi sebagian besar terkonsentrasi di bagian timur dan tenggara Turki, terutama di wilayah Kurdistan Utara.<ref name="Global Security">{{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/kurdistan-turkey.htm|title=Kurdistan-Turkey|last=|first=|date=2007-03-22|work=GlobalSecurity.org|publisher=|accessdate=2017-12-12}}</ref>
 
Etnis Kurdi di Turki banyak melakukan pemberontakan terhadap pemerintah Republik Turki. Pemberontakan ini didasari atas ketidakadilan dan pelanggaran [[hak asasi manusia]] yang dialami oleh orang-orang Kurdi di Turki. Menurut catatan sejarah militer Turki, pemberontakan etnis Kurdi di Turki telah terjadi di [[Anatolia|Semenanjung Anatolia]] selama lebih daru dua abad lalu. Pemberontakan etnis Kurdi kembali terjadi pada masa dekade-dekade akhir berdirinya[[Kesultanan Utsmaniyah]]. Konfik antara pemerintah Turki dan orang-orang Kurdi pada zaman modern dimulai pada tahun 1922 sejak kemunculan gerakan nasionalisme Kurdi dan bersamaan dengan pembentukan Republik [[Turki]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.turkishdailynews.com.tr/article.php?enewsid=92683|title=How many Kurdish uprisings till today?|last=Birand|first=Mehmet Ali|date=2017-12-12|work=[[Turkish Daily News]]|accessdate=2008-07-30|via=}}{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Diterjemahkan dari bahasa Turki oleh Nuran İnanç.</ref> Pada tahun 1925, dibentuk sebuah gerakan separatis yang menuntut [[Kurdistan]] merdeka dari Turki. Gerakan ini dipimpin oleh [[Shaikh Said Piran]].<ref>{{harv|Olson|2000}}</ref><ref name="Olson1989">{{harv|Olson|1989}}</ref> Sampai sekarang konflik antara kelompok etnis Kurdi dan Republik Turki masih berlangsung.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2017/03/21/how-competition-helped-then-hurt-kurds-in-turkey/|title=Analysis {{!}} Turkey’s Kurdish conflict has surged again. Here is why.|last=Gurbuz|first=Mustafa|date=2017-03-21|newspaper=Washington Post|language=en-US|issn=0190-8286|access-date=2017-12-12}}</ref>
They are the remnants of the estimated 200,000 Greeks who were permitted under the provisions of the [[Treaty of Lausanne]] to remain in Turkey following the [[Population exchange between Greece and Turkey|1923 population exchange]],<ref name="Law2002">{{cite book|author=European Commission for Democracy through Law|title=The Protection of National Minorities by Their Kin-State|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bROQZazNy-UC&pg=PA142|accessdate=2 February 2013|year=2002|publisher=Council of Europe|isbn=978-92-871-5082-0|page=142|quote=In Turkey the Orthodox minority who remained in Istanbul, Imvros and Tenedos governed by the same provisions of the treaty of Lausanne was gradually shrunk from more than 200,000 in 1930 to less than 3,000 today.}}</ref> which involved the forcible resettlement of approximately 1.5 million Greeks from [[Anatolia]] and [[East Thrace]] and of half a million [[Turkish people|Turks]] from all of Greece except for [[Western Thrace]]. After years of persecution (e.g. the [[Varlık Vergisi]] and the [[Istanbul Pogrom]]), [[emigration]] of [[ethnic Greeks]] from the Istanbul region greatly accelerated, reducing the 119,822
<ref name="demography-lab.prd.uth.gr">http://www.demography-lab.prd.uth.gr/DDAoG/article/cont/ergasies/tsilenis.htm</ref>-strong Greek minority before the attack to about 7,000 by 1978.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://arsiv.sabah.com.tr/2008/09/07/haber,033E2E8B399A4A638FCD099591F11DD4.html
|accessdate=2008-12-25
|title=Sermaye nasıl el değiştirdi?
|first=Ecevit
|last=Kilic
|work=Sabah
|language=Turkish
|date=2008-09-07
|quote=6-7 Eylül olaylarından önce İstanbul'da 135 bin Rum yaşıyordu. Sonrasında bu sayı 70 bine düştü. 1978'e gelindiğinde bu rakam 7 bindi.
}}</ref> The 2008 figures released by the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Turkey)|Turkish Foreign Ministry]] places the current number of Turkish citizens of Greek descent at the 3,000–4,000 mark.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.todayszaman.com/tz-web/detaylar.do?load=detay&link=161291
|accessdate=2008-12-15
|title=Foreign Ministry: 89,000 minorities live in Turkey
|date=2008-12-15
|work=[[Today's Zaman]]
|deadurl=yes
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100501063653/http://www.todayszaman.com/tz-web/detaylar.do?load=detay&link=161291
|archivedate=2010-05-01
|df=
}}</ref>
According to Milliyet there are 15,000 Greeks in Turkey,<ref name= "Milliyet-Türkiye'deki Kürtlerin sayısı"/> while according to [[Human Rights Watch]] the Greek population in Turkey was estimated at 2,500 in 2006.<ref name="HRW">Lois Whitman ''Denying Human Rights and Ethnic Identity: The Greeks of Turkey.'' Human Rights Watch, September 1, 1992 - 54 pages. Page 2 [https://books.google.com/books?id=SdubdhMwM1YC&printsec=frontcover&dq=greeks+in+turkey+human+rights+watch&source=bl&ots=O6ROHgfCqF&sig=XJ7tZi2oqiDfQNE1Wb7sZTH7b-k&hl=en&sa=X&ei=wQdfUIqANNSLhQefv4HABA&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=greeks%20in%20turkey%20human%20rights%20watch&f=false]</ref> According to the same source, the Greek population in Turkey was collapsing as the community was by then far too small to sustain itself demographically, due to [[emigration]], much higher death rates than birth rates and continuing discrimination.<ref name="HRW"/> In recent years however, most notably since the economic crisis in Greece, the trend has reversed. A few hundred to over a thousand Greeks now migrate to Turkey yearly for employment or educational purposes.<ref>[http://www.eurasianet.org/node/62990 Turkey: Istanbul’s Greek Community Experiencing a Revival] (Eurasianet, 2 March 2011)</ref><ref>[http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/jobseekers-from-greece-try-chances-in-istanbul.aspx?pageID=238&nid=11009 Jobseekers from Greece try chances in Istanbul] (Hurriyet Daily News, 9 January 2012)</ref>
 
Christian Greeks were forced to migrate. [[Greek Muslims|Muslim Greeks]] live in Turkey today. They live in cities of [[Trabzon]] and [[Rize]].
 
Since 1924, the status of the Greek minority in Turkey has been ambiguous. Beginning in the 1930s, the government instituted repressive policies forcing many Greeks to emigrate. Examples are the [[Labour battalion (Turkey)|labour battalion]]s drafted among non-Muslims during World War II as well as the Fortune Tax levied mostly on non-Muslims during the same period. These resulted in financial ruination and death for many Greeks. The exodus was given greater impetus with the Istanbul Pogrom of September 1955 which led to thousands of Greeks fleeing the city, eventually reducing the Christian Greek population to about 7,000 by 1978 and to about 2,500 by 2006 before beginning to increase again after 2008.
 
=== Jews ===
There have been [[Romaniote Jews|Jewish communities in Asia Minor]] since at least the 5th century BC and many [[Sephardic Jews|Spanish and Portuguese Jews]] [[Alhambra Decree|expelled from Spain]] came to the Ottoman Empire (including regions part of modern Turkey) in the late 15th century. Despite [[Aliyah|emigration]] during the 20th century, modern-day Turkey continues to have a small Jewish population of about 20,000.<ref name= "Milliyet-Türkiye'deki Kürtlerin sayısı"/>
 
=== Kurds ===
{{Main article|Orang Kurdi di Turki|}}[[File:Kurdish population by region (KONDA 2010).png|thumb|Percentage of Kurdish population in Turkey by region<ref name=KONDAkurd>{{cite web|title=Kürt Meselesi̇ni̇ Yeni̇den Düşünmek|url=http://www.konda.com.tr/tr/raporlar/2010_12_KONDA_Kurt_Meselesini_Yeniden_Dusunmek.pdf|publisher=KONDA|accessdate=2013-06-11|pages=19–20|date=July 2010}}</ref>]]Ethnic [[Kurds]] are the largest minority in Turkey, composing around 20% of the population according to Milliyet, 18% of the total populace or c. 14 million people according to the CIA World Factbook, and as much as 23% according to Kurdologist David McDowall.<ref name="CIA World Factbook: Turkey">CIA World Factbook: [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/tu.html Turkey]</ref><ref>David McDowall. ''A Modern History of the Kurds.'' Third Edition. I.B.Tauris, May 14, 2004 - 504 pages, page 3.</ref> Unlike the Turks, the Kurds speak an [[Iranian language]]. There are Kurds living all over Turkey, but most live to the east and southeast of the country, from where they originate.
 
In the 1930s, Turkish government policy aimed to forcibly assimilate and [[Turkification|Turkify]] local Kurds. Since 1984, Kurdish resistance movements included both peaceful political activities for basic civil rights for Kurds within Turkey, and violent armed rebellion for a separate Kurdish state.<ref name="Global Security">{{cite web|work=GlobalSecurity.org|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/kurdistan-turkey.htm |title=Kurdistan-Turkey|accessdate=2007-03-28|date=2007-03-22}}</ref>
 
== Summary ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Number !! Ethnic !! Minimum Estimates || Maximum Estimates || Further information
|- style="background:#9acdff;"
!colspan=5 | [[Balkans|Balkan]]
|-
!1
| {{flag|Albania}} || 1,500,000 || 5,000,000 || [[Albanians in Turkey]] / [[Albanians]]
|-
!2
| {{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}} || 100,000 || 2,000,000 || [[Bosniaks in Turkey]] / [[Bosnians]]
|-
!3
| {{flag|Bulgaria}} || 350,000 || 750,000 || [[Bulgarians in Turkey]] / [[Pomaks in Turkey]] / [[Bulgarians]]
|-
!4
| {{flag|Greece}} || 2,000 || 30,000 || [[Greeks in Turkey]] / [[Pontic Greeks]] / [[Caucasus Greeks]] / [[Greeks]]
|-
!5
| {{flag|Serbia}} || 15,000 || 60,000 || [[Serbs in Turkey]] / [[Serbs]]
|- style="background:#9acdff;"
| align=center|1 || align=center|Total || '''2,000,000''' || '''7,900,000''' || '''[[Balkans|Balkan peoples]]'''
|- style="background:#9acdff;"
!colspan=5 | [[Peoples of the Caucasus|Caucasus]]
|-
!1
| {{flag|Abkhazia}} || 600,000 || 600,000 || [[Abkhazians]] / [[Abkhaz language]]
|-
!2
| {{flag|Armenia}} || 150,000 || 5,000,000 || [[Armenians in Turkey]] / [[Hidden Armenians]] / [[Armenians]]
|-
!3
| {{flag|Chechnya}} || 100,000 || 100,000 || [[Chechens in Turkey]] / [[Chechens]]
|-
!4
| {{flag|Circassia}} || 150,000 || 7,000,000 || [[Circassians in Turkey]] / [[Circassians]]
|-
!5
| {{flag|Georgia}} || 100,000 || 1,500,000 || [[Georgians in Turkey]] / [[Georgians]]
|-
!6
| {{flag|Turkey}} || 45,000 || 2,250,000 || [[Laz people in Turkey]] / [[Laz people]]
|- style="background:#9acdff;"
| align=center|2 || align=center|Total || '''1,100,000''' || '''16,450,000''' || '''[[Peoples of the Caucasus in Turkey]]''' / '''[[Peoples of the Caucasus]]'''
|- style="background:#9acdff;"
!colspan=5 | [[Demographics of Central Asia|Central Asia]]
|-
!1
| {{flag|Kazakhstan}} || 10,000 || 10,000 || [[Kazakhs]]
|-
!2
| {{flag|Kyrgyzstan}} || 1,600 || 1,600 || [[Kyrgyzs]]
|-
!3
| {{flag|Tajikistan}} || 1,000 || 1,000 || [[Tajiks]]
|-
!4
| {{flag|Turkmenistan}} || 1,500 || 1,500 || [[Turkmens]]
|-
!5
| {{flag|East Turkestan}} || 50,000 || 50,000 || [[Uyghurs]]
|-
!6
| {{flag|Uzbekistan}} || 45,000 || 45,000 || [[Uzbeks]]
|- style="background:#9acdff;"
| align=center|3 || align=center|Total || '''120,000''' || '''120,000''' || '''[[Central Asian peoples]]'''
|- style="background:#9acdff;"
!colspan=5 | [[Turkic peoples]]
|- style="background:#9acdff;"
|-
!1
| {{flag|Azerbaijan}} || 530,000 || 800,000 || [[Azerbaijanis in Turkey]] / [[Azerbaijanis]]
|-
!2
| {{flag|Crimea}} || 150,000 || 6,000,000 || [[Crimean Tatars in Turkey]] / [[Crimean Tatars]]
|-
!3
| {{flag|Karachay-Cherkessia}} || 20,000 || 20,000 || [[Karachays]]
|-
!4
| {{flag|Turkey}} || 40,000 || 75,000 || [[Meskhetian Turks]]
|- style="background:#9acdff;"
| align=center|4 || align=center|Total || '''740,000''' || '''6,895,000''' || '''[[Turkic peoples]]'''
|- style="background:#9acdff;"
!colspan=5 | [[Iranian peoples]]
|-
!1
| {{flag|Afghanistan}} || 25,000 || 50,000 || [[Afghans in Turkey]] / [[Afghans]]
|-
!2
| {{flag|Iran}} || 500,000 || 650,000 || [[Iranian diaspora]] / [[Persians]]
|-
!3
| {{flag|Kurdistan}} || 13,000,000 || 23,000,000 || [[Kurds in Turkey]] / [[Kurdish population]] / [[Turkish Kurdistan]] / [[Kurds]]
|-
!4
| {{flag|Kurdistan}} || 1,000,000 || 3,000,000 || [[Zaza Kurds]] / [[Zaza nationalism]] / [[Zaza language]]
|-
!5
| {{flag|North Ossetia-Alania}} || 50,000 || 50,000 || [[Ossetians in Turkey]] / [[Ossetians]]
|-
!6
| {{flag|Romani}} || 700,000 || 5,000,000 || [[Romani people in Turkey]] / [[Romani people]]
|- style="background:#9acdff;"
| align=center|5 || align=center|Total || '''15,300,000''' || '''31,750,000''' || '''[[Iranian peoples]]'''
|- style="background:#9acdff;"
!colspan=5 | [[Ethnic groups in Europe|European peoples]]
|-
!1
| {{flag|Netherlands}} || 15,000 || 15,000 || [[Dutch people]]
|-
!2
| {{flag|Germany}} || 50,000 || 50,000 || [[Germans in Turkey]] / [[Germans]]
|-
!3
| {{flag|Great Britain}} || 35,000 || 35,000 || [[Britons in Turkey]] / [[British people]]
|-
!4
| {{flag|Italy}} || 35,000 || 35,000 || [[Levantines in Turkey]] / [[Levantines (Latin Catholics)]]
|-
!5
| {{flag|Poland}} || 4,000 || 4,000 || [[Polish diaspora]] / [[Poles]]
|-
!6
| {{flag|Russia}} || 50,000 || 50,000 || [[Russians in Turkey]] / [[Russians]]
|- style="background:#9acdff;"
| align=center|6 || align=center|Total || '''190,000''' || '''190,000''' || '''[[Ethnic groups in Europe|European peoples]]'''
|- style="background:#9acdff;"
!colspan=5 | [[Minorities|Other Minorities]]
|-
!1
| {{flag|African Union}} || 100,000 || 100,000 || [[Afro Turks]] / [[African diaspora]] / [[Africans]]
|-
!2
| {{flag|Arab League}} || 1,500,000 || 5,000,000 || [[Arabs in Turkey]] / [[Iraqis in Turkey]] / [[Arabs]]
|-
!3
| {{flag|Assyria}} || 15,000 || 65,000 || [[Assyrians in Turkey]] / [[Assyrian genocide]] / [[Assyrians]]
|-
!4
| {{flag|Israel}} || 15,000 || 18,000 || [[Jews in Turkey]] / [[Antisemitism in Turkey]] / [[Jews]]
|- style="background:#9acdff;"
| align=center|7 || align=center|Total || '''1,630,000''' || '''5,200,000''' || '''[[Minorities|Other Minorities in Turkey]]'''
|- style="background:silver;"
| align=center|'''37 Group''' || align=center|'''Grand Total''' || '''21,080,000''' || '''68,505,000''' || '''[[Minorities in Turkey]]'''
|-
|}
== Agama Minoritas ==
{{Main article|Agama di Turki}}
===Atheists Ateis ===
 
Sebagian besar dari penduduk Turki menganut agama [[Islam]]. Meskipun begitu terdapat pula kelompok orang-orang yang tidak menganut suatu agama apapun di Turki. Keberadaan [[Tidak beragama|orang tanpa agama]] ([[Ateisme|Ateis]] atau [[Agnostisisme|Agnostisik]]) di Turki termasuk sebagai hal yang tidak umum.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/|title=Opinion|date=2016-03-16|newspaper=The Telegraph|language=en-GB|issn=0307-1235|access-date=2017-12-10|archive-date=2017-12-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171210015339/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.diken.com.tr/arastirma-turkiyenin-yuzde-95i-tanriya-inaniyor-yuzde-74u-dindar/|title=Araştırma: Türkiye'nin yüzde 95'i tanrıya inanıyor, yüzde 74'ü 'dindar' - Diken|date=2017-04-19|newspaper=Diken|language=en-US|access-date=2017-12-10}}</ref> Memetakan dan menghitung populasi orang yang [[tidak beragama]] di Turki bukanlah perkara yang mudah, hal ini disebabkan oleh kategori '[[tidak beragama]]' tidak diperhitungkan dalam sensus penduduk nasional di Turki. Laporan sebuah lembaga survei tahun 2013 menunjukkan 4.500.000 penduduk Turki merupakan orang-orang yang [[tidak beragama]]. Dari lembaga survei yang sama melaporkan bahwa pada tahun 2015 jumlah orang yang mengaku tidak beragama mengalami peningkatan menjadi sekitar 5.500.000 orang atau dengan kata lain 9,4% dari keseluruhan penduduk Turki adalah kaum tidak beragama. Dari 85% orang-orang yang mengaku tidak memiliki agama tersebut adalah golongan yang terbilang muda, yaitu dibawah umur 35 tahun.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/atheists-raising-their-voice-in-turkey-amid-polarized-reactions-87604|title=Atheists raising their voice in Turkey amid polarized reactions|website=Hürriyet Daily News|language=en|access-date=2017-12-10}}</ref>
In Turkey, Atheism is the biggest group after Islam. The percentage of atheists according to polls apparently rose from about 2% in 2012<ref>[http://www.wingia.com/web/files/news/14/file/14.pdf]</ref> to approximately 6% in 2016.<ref>[http://www.wingia.com/web/files/richeditor/filemanager/Religion_Tabs_Q5_EOY_2016_02.04.2017.pdf]</ref>
 
Karena kerap mendapatkan sentimen negatif dari sebagian besar masyarakat Turki, komunitas orang-orang tidak beragama ini umumnya berkomunikasi satu sama lain melalui media internet.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dw.com/en/uneasy-neighbors-in-turkey-atheism-and-islam/a-18475178|title=Uneasy neighbors in Turkey: atheism and Islam {{!}} Europe {{!}} DW {{!}} 26.05.2015|last=(www.dw.com)|first=Deutsche Welle|website=DW.COM|language=en|access-date=2017-12-10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/turkeys-atheists-face-hostility-death-threats/2720367.html|title=Turkey's Atheists Face Hostilities, Death Threats|last=Jones|first=Dorian|newspaper=VOA|language=en|access-date=2017-12-10}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ipsnews.net/2014/06/atheists-the-ultimate-other-in-turkey/|title=Atheists, the “Ultimate Other” in Turkey {{!}} Inter Press Service|website=www.ipsnews.net|access-date=2017-12-10}}</ref> Di Turki terdapat sebuah organisasi bagi para kaum yang tidak mempercayai agama bernama Asosiasi Ateisme Turki (''Ateizm Dernegi'') yang didirikan pada tahun 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://turkishatheist.net/?p=40|title=The first Atheist Association in Turkey is founded|website=turkishatheist.net|language=en-US|access-date=2017-12-10}}</ref> Organisasi ini adalah lembaga ateis pertama yang ada di kawasan [[Timur Tengah]] dan [[Kaukasus]].<ref name=":7" />
=== Bahá'í ===
[[File:House-Bahaullah-Edirne.jpg|thumb|The house where the founder of the Bahá'í Faith, [[Bahá'u'lláh]] stayed in, Edirne]]
Turkish cities [[Edirne]] and [[İstanbul]] are in the holy places of this religion. Estimate Bahá'í population in Turkey is 10,000 (2008) <ref>[https://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2008/108476.htm International Religious Freedom Report 2008-Turkey]</ref>
 
=== ChristiansBahá'í ===
[[Berkas:House-Bahaullah-Edirne.jpg|jmpl|Kediaman pendiri agama Baha'i, [[Bahá'u'lláh]], selama masa pengasingannya di Edirne.]]
[[File:Istanbul - Sant Antoni de Pàdua.JPG|thumb|[[Church of St. Anthony of Padua, Istanbul|Church of St. Anthony of Padua]] in [[Istanbul]].]]
Penganut kepercayaan [[Baha'i]] adalah tergolong mikro minoritas di Turki. Terdapat sekitar 10.000 jiwa penganut kepercayaan Baha'i di Turki. Turki menyimpan sejarah panjang mengenai kepercayaan Baha'i. Pendiri agama [[Baha'i]], [[Bahá'u'lláh]] diasingkan di kota [[Konstantinopel]] dan [[Adrianopel]] ([[Istanbul]] dan [[Edirne]]) yang pada saat itu adalah termasuk wilayah kekuasaan [[Kesultanan Utsmaniyah]]. Di tempat pengasingannya ini [[Bahá'u'lláh]] banyak menuangkan pemikiran-pemikiran dan hal yang dianggap sebagai wahyu dalam bentuk tulisan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bahai-library.com/walbridge_bahai_faith_turkey|title=The Bahá'í Faith in Turkey|website=bahai-library.com|language=en-US|access-date=2017-12-10}}</ref><ref name=":62">{{Cite web|url=http://hp.bahaitr.org/index.php/tr/|title=Baha'i Holy Places in Turkey - Bahai Kutsal Yerleri - Resmi Web Sitesi - Ana Sayfa|website=hp.bahaitr.org|language=tr-tr|access-date=2017-12-10}}</ref> Sampai saat ini kota [[Istanbul]] dan [[Edirne]] dianggap sebagai tempat suci bagi para penganut agama Baha'i di seluruh dunia.<ref name=":62" />
==== Orthodox Christians ====
[[File:Agia Triada Greek Orthodox Church, İstanbul.jpg|thumb|[[Hagia Triada Greek Orthodox Church, Istanbul|Aya Triada Greek Orthodox church]] in [[Beyoğlu]], Istanbul]][[Orthodox Christianity]] forms a tiny minority in Turkey, comprising far less than one tenth of one percent of the entire population. The provinces of [[Istanbul Province|Istanbul]] and [[Hatay Province|Hatay]], which includes Antakya, are the main centres of Turkish Christianity, with comparatively dense Christian populations, though they are very small minorities. The main variant of Christianity present in Turkey is the [[Eastern Orthodox]] branch, focused mainly in the [[Greek Orthodox|Greek Orthodox Church]].
 
==== ProtestantsKristen ====
Agama [[Kristen]] telah hadir jauh lebih dulu daripada agama Islam yang menjadi agama sebagian besar penduduk Turki saat ini. Agama Kristen memiliki sejarah panjang di wilayah [[Asia Kecil]] dan dataran tinggi Armenia yang kini masuk kedalam wilayah kekuasaan negara Turki. Turki menjadi tempat lahirnya beberapa [[Santo|orang suci]] dan salah satu dari [[Kedua belas Rasul|dua belas murid Yesus]]. Tokoh-tokoh Kristen tersebut antara lain adalah [[Paulus dari Tarsus]], [[Santo Timotius]], [[Nikolas dari Myra|Santo Nikolas dari Myra]], [[Polikarpus|Santo Polikarpus]]., dan masih banyak lainnya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.catholic.org/saints/|title=Saints & Angels - Catholic Online|last=Online|first=Catholic|website=Catholic Online|language=en|access-date=2017-12-10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jhr28NT_HnYC&pg=PR62&lpg=PR62&dq=paulus+tarsus&source=bl&ots=Td_1o3pqbs&sig=1ZirQNwbsjNdE0Z9VQfJWKCvhzg&hl=id&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwijwZDJ8__XAhUQyWMKHUPfC7MQ6AEIYjAJ#v=onepage&q=paulus%20tarsus&f=false|title=Paulus of Tarsus: A Man Driven by the Word|last=Phd|first=Verling Chako Priest|date=2012-03|publisher=Trafford Publishing|isbn=9781466920910|language=en}}</ref>
[[Protestants]] comprise far less than one tenth of one percent of the population of Turkey. Even so, there is an Alliance of Protestant Churches in Turkey.<ref>{{cite web|author= |year= |title=World Evangelical Alliance |work= |url=http://www.worldevangelicalalliance.com/members/europe.htm |accessdate= |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203003227/http://www.worldevangelicalalliance.com/members/europe.htm |archivedate=2013-12-03 |df= }}</ref><ref name="kirche-in-not.de">{{cite web|author= |year= |title=German Site on Christians in Turkey |format= |work= |url=http://www.kirche-in-not.de/01_aktuelles/meldungen_2006_tuerkische_christen_fuer_eu_beitritt.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928002647/http://www.kirche-in-not.de/01_aktuelles/meldungen_2006_tuerkische_christen_fuer_eu_beitritt.php |dead-url=yes |archive-date=2007-09-28 |accessdate= }}</ref>
The [[constitution of Turkey]] recognizes freedom of religion for individuals. The Armenian Protestants own three Istanbul Churches from the 19th century.<ref name="kirche-in-not.de"/>
On 4 November 2006, a Protestant place of worship was attacked with six [[Molotov cocktail]]s.<ref>{{cite web | author= | year=| title=Christian Persecution Info | format= | work= | url=http://www.christianpersecution.info/news/turkey-attackers-firebomb-protestant-church/ |accessdate=}}</ref>
Turkish media have criticized Christian missionary activity intensely.<ref>{{cite web | author= | year=| title=Christianity Today | format= | work= | url=http://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2005/juneweb-only/32.0b.html/ |accessdate=}}</ref>
 
Jumlah orang Kristen di Turki mengalami penurunan yang sangat signifikan pada rentang tahun 1914 hingga 1927. Tercatat jumlah penganut agama Kristen pada tahun 1914 adalah 19% dari total penduduk Turki dan menyusut tajam menjadi hanya 2,5% saja pada tahun 1927.<ref name=":1" /> Hal ini terjadi karena perubahan struktur demografi Turki akibat dampak [[Perang Dunia I|Perang Dunia Pertama]]. Gelombang [[emigrasi]] orang-orang Kristen yang tinggal Turki; seperti [[orang Asiria]], [[orang Yunani]], [[orang Armenia]] dan lain-lain; ke luar meninggalkan Turki ke negara lain (sebagian besar ke benua Eropa dan benua Amerika). Saat ini tercatat ada sekitar 160.000 atau 0,2% penganut agama Kristen dengan berbagai denominasi menetap di Turki.
There is an ethnic [[Protestantism in Turkey|Turkish Protestant Christian community]] most of them came from recent Muslim Turkish backgrounds, rather than from ethnic minorities.<ref>[http://www.christiancentury.org/article/2011-03/turkish-protestants-still-face-long-path-religious-freedom Turkish Protestants still face "long path" to religious freedom]</ref><ref>[http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/default.aspx?pageid=438&n=christians-in-east-remain-worried-despite-church-opening-2011-07-20 Christians in eastern Turkey worried despite church opening]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=6gajAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA93&lpg=PA93&dq=turkish+protestant+muslim&source=bl&ots=KBWhLn8NnO&sig=jxZwxoarOEH_qIIU3l5f4XPuB_o&hl=it&sa=X&ei=Usg6VMqDMpPwaLnHgmA&ved=0CGoQ6AEwCTgK#v=onepage&q=turkish%20protestant%20muslim&f=false Muslim Nationalism and the New Turks]</ref><ref>[http://churchinchains.ie/node/743 TURKEY: Protestant church closed down]</ref>
 
==== RomanKristen CatholicsOrtodoks ====
[[Berkas:Vakifli church-DCP 8791 25p.jpg|jmpl|268x268px|Sebuah Gereja Ortodoks Armenia di kota Vakifli, Turki.]]Sebagian besar pemeluk agama Kristen di Turki adalah kaum Kristen Ortodoks yang terdiri dari berbagai macam denominasi.<ref name=":2" /> Terdapat sekitar 80.000 jemaat [[Gereja Ortodoks Oriental]], sekitar 18.000 orang menjadi jemaat Gereja [[Antiokhia Yunani]], dan 5.000 orang jemaat [[Gereja Ortodoks Yunani]].<ref name=":0" /> Wilayah Hatay, Antakya, dan kota [[Istanbul]] adalah pusat kantong populasi orang Krsiten Ortodoks di Turki.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />
[[File:Tarsus Ecclesia Sancti Pauli Apostoli.jpg|thumb|200px|The Church of St. Paul in Tharsus]]
There are around 35,000 Catholics, constituting 0.05% of the population. The faithful follow the [[Latin Rite|Latin]], [[Byzantine Rite|Byzantine]], [[Armenian Rite|Armenian]] and [[Chaldean Rite]]. Most Latin Rite Catholics are [[Levantines (Latin Christians)|Levantines]] of mainly Italian or French background, although a few are ethnic Turks (who are usually converts via marriage to Levantines or other non-Turkish Catholics). Byzantine, Armenian, and Chaldean rite Catholics are generally members of the Greek, Armenian, and Assyrian minority groups respectively. Turkey's Catholics are concentrated in Istanbul.{{Citation needed|date=February 2013}}
 
Terdapat pula sebagian kecil orang [[Orang Turki|Turki]] yang menganut agama Kristen Ortodoks, kebanyakan dari mereka bergabung menjadi jemaat [[Gereja Ortodoks Yunani]] ataupun [[Gereja Ortodoks Siria]]. Orang-orang Turki yang menganut agama Kristen ini banyak terdapat di kota [[Istanbul]] dan Kota [[İzmir]], Orang Turki Kristen sering kali salah dianggap sebagai orang Yunani. Sebagian dari mereka memang memiliki latar belakang keturunan Yunani, tetapi secara etnis mereka adalah termasuk kedalam golongan [[orang Turki]]. Populasi orang Kristen Turki ini terbentuk sejak zaman [[Kesultanan Utsmaniyah|Kekhalifaan Utsmaniyah]], mereka berasal dari orang-orang Turki asli yang menolak untuk masuk Islam.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.christiancentury.org/article/2011-03/turkish-protestants-still-face-long-path-religious-freedom|title=Turkish Protestants still face "long path" to religious freedom|newspaper=The Christian Century|language=en|access-date=2017-12-10}}</ref> Tercatat ada 236 buah gereja yang aktif melakukan pelayanan di seluruh wilayah negara Turki.
In February 2006, Catholic priest [[Andrea Santoro]], an Italian missionary working in Turkey for 10 years, was shot twice at his church near the Black Sea.<ref>{{cite web|author= |date=February 6, 2006 |title=Priest's killing shocks Christians in Turkey |format= |work=Catholic World News |url=http://www.cwnews.com/news/viewstory.cfm?recnum=42255 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060211165101/http://www.cwnews.com/news/viewstory.cfm?recnum=42255 |dead-url=yes |archive-date=February 11, 2006 |accessdate=2006-06-26 |df= }}</ref> He had written a letter to the Pope asking him to visit Turkey.<ref>{{cite web | author=| date= February 9, 2006| title=Priest Slain in Turkey Had Sought Pope Visit | format=| work=Reuters | url=https://www.nytimes.com/glogin?URI=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/09/international/europe/09vatican.html&OQ=_rQ3D1Q26nQ3DTopQ252fReferenceQ252fTimesQ2520TopicsQ252fOrganizationsQ252fRQ252fRomanQ2520CatholicQ2520ChurchQ2520&OP=789afff8Q2FQ3DQ2AdUQ3DcN_PQ27NNibQ3Db77(Q3D7bQ3D7TQ3DQ24aidQ27auiQ24NauxQ3DdSQ27NQ3FdQ3D7TQ5DuiQ24_ua2Q7CiQ51x | accessdate=2006-06-26}}</ref> [[Pope Benedict XVI]] visited Turkey in November 2006.<ref>{{cite web | author=| date= February 9, 2006| title= Confirmed: Pope to visit Turkey in November | format=| work=Catholic World News | url=http://www.cwnews.com/news/viewstory.cfm?recnum=42328 | accessdate=2006-06-26}}</ref> Relations had been rocky since Pope Benedict XVI had stated his opposition to Turkey joining the [[European Union]].<ref>{{cite web | author=Donovan, Jeffrey | date= April 20, 2005| title= World: New Pope Seen As Maintaining Roman Catholic Doctrinal Continuity | work=Radio Free Europe | url=http://www.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2005/04/b1b15b4e-bf68-4fc8-bd03-c6552f9d067a.html | accessdate=2006-06-26}}</ref> [[The Council of Catholic Bishops]] met with the Turkish prime minister in 2004 to discuss restrictions and difficulties such as property issues.<ref>{{cite web | author=| date= September 15, 2004| title=Turkey | work=International Religious Freedom Report 2004| url=https://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2004/35489.htm | accessdate=2006-06-26}}</ref> More recently, Bishop [[Luigi Padovese]], on June 6, 2010, the Vicar Apostolic of Turkey, was killed.
 
==== JewsKatolik ====
Teradapat sekitar 35.000 orang penganut Katolik di negara Turki atau sekitar 0,05% dari total populasi penduduk Turki. Gereja Katolik yang terdapat di Turki umumnya adalah [[Gereja Katolik Roma|Gereja Katolik ritus latin]], [[Gereja Katolik Kaldea]], [[Gereja Katolik Armenia]], dan [[Gereja Katolik Bizantin Makedonia|Gereja Katolik Bizantin]]. Pemeluk agama Katolik banyak ditemukan di kota Istanbul.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2004/35489.htm|title=Turkey|newspaper=U.S. Department of State|language=en-US|access-date=2017-12-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/izmi0.htm|title=Archdiocese of Izmir, Turkey|newspaper=GCatholic|access-date=2017-12-12}}</ref>
There have been [[Romaniotes|Jewish communities in Asia Minor]] since at least the 5th century BC and many [[Sephardic Jews|Spanish and Portuguese Jews]] [[Alhambra Decree|expelled from Spain]] were welcomed to the Ottoman Empire (including regions part of modern Turkey) in the late 15th century. Despite [[Aliyah|emigration]] during the 20th century, modern-day Turkey continues to have a small Jewish population.
There is a small Karaite Jewish population numbering around 100. Karaite Jews are not considered Jews by the Turkish Hakhambashi.
 
==== MuslimsProtestanisme ====
Kelompok protestan di Turki menyusun sebagian kecil dari populasi penganut agama Kristen di Turki. Terdapat tiga buah Gererja Protestan Armenia yang berdiri sejak abad ke-19 Masehi.<ref name="kirche-in-not.de">{{cite web|url=http://www.kirche-in-not.de/01_aktuelles/meldungen_2006_tuerkische_christen_fuer_eu_beitritt.php|title=German Site on Christians in Turkey|last=|first=|date=|year=|work=|publisher=|format=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928002647/http://www.kirche-in-not.de/01_aktuelles/meldungen_2006_tuerkische_christen_fuer_eu_beitritt.php|archive-date=2007-09-28|dead-url=yes|accessdate=2017-12-12|author=}}</ref> Konstitusi negara Turki mengakui keberadaan agama Kristen di Turki.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.la-croix.com/Religion/Urbi-Orbi/Monde/Le-gouvernement-turc-va-restituer-des-biens-saisis-a-des-minorites-religieuses-_NP_-2011-08-29-704560|title=Le gouvernement turc va restituer des biens saisis à des minorités religieuses|date=2011-08-29|newspaper=La Croix|language=fr-FR|issn=0242-6056|access-date=2017-12-12}}</ref>
 
==== AlawitesYudaisme ====
[[Berkas:Jewottoman.jpg|jmpl|355x355px|Sebuah lukisan yang menggambarkan seorang laki-laki [[Yahudi]] [[Sefardim]] pada masa [[Kesultanan Utsmaniyah]] tahun 1779.]]
The exact number of [[Alawites]] in Turkey is unknown, but there were 185 000 Alawites in 1970.<ref>{{Cite book | authorlink= | coauthors= | title=State and rural society in medieval Islam: sultans, muqtaʻs, and fallahun | year=1997 | publisher=E.J. Brill | location=Leiden | isbn=90-04-10649-9 | pages=162}}</ref> As [[Muslim]]s, they are not recorded separately from Sunnis in ID registration. In the [[Demographics of Turkey#1965 linguistic census|1965 census]] (the last Turkish census where informants were asked their [[mother tongue]]), 180,000 people in the three provinces declared their mother tongue as [[Arabic language|Arabic]]. However, Arabic-speaking Sunni and Christian people are also included in this figure.
Bangsa Yahudi hadir di Turki sejak abad ke-5 Masehi. Terdapat pula gelombang migrasi orang-orang Yahudi dari kawasan [[Semenanjung Iberia]] ([[Spanyol]] dan [[Portugal]]) ketika masa [[Kesultanan Utsmaniyah]] berkuasa di wilayah yang sekarang kita kenal sebagai [[Turki]]. Sebagian besar orang Turki keturunan Yahudi telah bermigrasi ke [[Israel]] dan [[Amerika Serikat]], tetapi masih terdapat populasi orang Yahudi yang bertahan tinggal Turki. Orang Yahudi di Turki diperkirakan berjumlah sekitar 17.400 sampai 18.000 jiwa.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> Sebagian besar orang-orang Yahudi di Turki berasal dari subetnis [[Sefardim|Yahudi Sefardim]] dengan persentase sebesar 96% dari keseluruhan populasi Yahudi yang ada di Turki. Sebagian kecil orang Yahudi lainnya di Turki berasal dari subetnis [[Yahudi Ashkenazi]].<ref name=":5"/>
 
Sebagian besar orang-orang Yahudi menetap di kota [[Istanbul]]. Terdapat juga komunitas etnis Yahudi di kota [[İzmir]] dengan total sekitar 2.300 jiwa dan terdapat sekitar seratus orang Yahudi di Kota [[Ankara]], Bursa, dan [[Adana]]. Sebagian orang Yahudi mencari nafkah dibidang indsutri, insinyur, kerajianan seni, dan berdagang. Terdapat 100 orang keturunan Yahudi dari sekte [[Yahudi Karait]] menetap di Turki, tetapi kebanyakan dari orang Yahudi Karait ini tidak ikut berintegrasi dengan kelompok Yahudi lainnya.<ref name=":5" />
Alawites traditionally speak the same dialect of [[Levantine Arabic]] with [[Syria]]n Alawites. Arabic is best preserved in rural communities and Samandağ. Younger people in [[Çukurova]] cities and (to a lesser extent) in İskenderun tend to speak Turkish. Turkish spoken by Alawites is distinguished by Alawites and non-Alawites alike with its particular accents and vocabulary. Knowledge of [[Arabic alphabet]] is confined to religious leaders and men who had worked or studied in [[Arab World|Arab countries]].
 
Lembaga pendidikan ala Yahudi dapat ditemui di beberapa tempat di Turki. Terdapat satu sekolah Yahudi di Istanbul dan juga satu sekolah Yahudi lainnya di kota [[İzmir]]. Kursus untuk membaca dan mendalami isi kandungan [[Talmud]] dan [[Taurat]] juga terdapat di Turki. Komunitas Yahudi di Turki menjalankan sebuah media cetak berupa koran berbahasa [[Bahasa Turki|Turki]] dan [[Bahasa Ladino|Ladino]] sebagai media informasi antara anggota komunitas. Fasilitas tempat ibadah dapat ditemui di kota-kota yang menjadi kantong populasi Yahudi di Turki. Terdapat 17 buah [[sinagoge]] di kota [[Istanbul]] dan 10 buah sinagoge di kota [[İzmir]]. Di dua kota ini juga komunitas Yahudi memproduksi makanan yang memenuhi kriteria [[kosher]] untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dasar mereka.<ref name=":5" />
==== Alevis ====
[[File:Alevis.png|thumb|Proportion of Alevis in Turkey]]
Alevis are the biggest religious minority in Turkey. Nearly 15%<ref>''Structure and Function in Turkish Society.'' Isis Press, 2006, p. 81).</ref>-25% of all Turkish population is in this group. They are mainly Turk but there are significant Kurd and [[Zaza people|Zaza]] populations who are Alevi<ref>"The Alevi of Anatolia", 1995.</ref>
 
== Lihat pula ==
Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Kelompok_minoritas_di_Turki"