Brigade Izzuddin al-Qassam: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Infobox war faction
|name = Brigade Izzuddin al-Qassam atau Brigade Al-Qassam<br />{{lang|ar|كتائب الشهيد عز الدين القسام}}
|war = [[Konflik Israel–Palestina]]
|image =
|caption = Logo Brigade Izzuddin al-Qassam
|active = 1991–sekarang
|ideology = [[Penentuan nasib sendiri Palestina]]<br />[[Islamisme]] [[Sunni]], <ref name="islamism">* [http://merln.ndu.edu/archive/icg/Islamism2Mar05.pdf "Understanding Islamism"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307123849/http://merln.ndu.edu/archive/icg/Islamism2Mar05.pdf |date=7 March 2013}}. Cris is Group Middle East/North Africa Report N°37, 2 March 2005.
* "The New Hamas: Between Resistance and Participation". ''Middle East Report''. Graham Usher, 21 August 2005.
* {{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/homepageCrisis/idUSL23611943._CH_.2400 |title=Hamas leader condemns Islamist charity blacklist |date=23 August 2007 |publisher=Reuters |access-date=28 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205143043/http://www.reuters.com/article/homepageCrisis/idUSL23611943._CH_.2400 |archive-date=5 February 2016 |url-status=dead}}
* {{cite news |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/middle_east/article2641289.ece |title=Islamist leader hints at Hamas pull-out from Gaza |last=Hider |first=James |date=12 October 2007 |work=The Times |access-date=28 January 2009 |location=London |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110805103618/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/middle_east/article2641289.ece |archive-date=5 August 2011 |url-status=live}}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.cfr.org/publication/8968/#p5 |title=Council on Foreign Relations |publisher=Council on Foreign Relations |access-date=27 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100522232749/http://www.cfr.org/publication/8968/#p5 |archive-date=22 May 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref><br />[[Fundamentalisme Islam]],<ref name="fundamentalism">
* ''Islamic fundamentalism in the West Bank and Gaza: Muslim Brotherhood and Islamic Jihad'', by [[Ziyād Abū 'Amr]], Indiana University Press, 1994, pp. 66–72
* ''Anti-Semitic Motifs in the Ideology of Hizballah and Hamas'', Esther Webman, Project for the Study of Anti-Semitism, 1994. {{ISBN|978-965-222-592-4}}
</ref><br/>[[Nasionalisme Palestina]] [[Anti-Zionisme]]
|leaders = [[Mohammed Deif]]<br />[[Marwan Issa]]
|headquarters = [[Jalur Gaza]]
|area = [[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|border|25px|link=Negara Palestina]] [[Wilayah Palestina]]<br />{{flag|Israel}}
|size = 15.000–40.000<ref>{{cite book |last1=(IISS) |first1=International Institute for Strategic Studies |title=The Military Balance, 2018, Vol. 118, No. 1, February 2018 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781857439557 |date=14 February 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{in lang|fr}} Christian Chesnot, [https://www.franceculture.fr/geopolitique/michel-goya-militairement-le-hamas-monte-en-gamme-depuis-2010 Michel Goya : "Militairement, le Hamas monte en gamme depuis 2010"], ''France Culture'', 18 May 2021.</ref>
|partof = {{flagicon image|Flag of Hamas.svg}} [[Hamas]]
|predecessor =
|allies=*{{IRN}}<ref name="support">{{Cite web|url=https://adnanabuamer.com/post/2206/exclusive-hamas-official-discusses-decline-of-iranian-support|title=Exclusive: Hamas Official Discusses Decline of Iranian Support|website=موقع الدكتور عدنان ابو عامر}}</ref>
**{{flagicon image|Flag of the Army of the Guardians of the Islamic Revolution.svg}} [[Pengawal Revolusi Iran|IRGC]]
***[[Pasukan Quds]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.state.gov/on-sanctioning-of-four-financial-facilitators-for-hamas/ |title=On Sanctioning of Four Financial Facilitators for Hamas – United States Department of State |access-date=8 August 2020 |archive-date=9 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809143615/https://www.state.gov/on-sanctioning-of-four-financial-facilitators-for-hamas/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*[[Hizbullah (Lebanon)]]<ref name="support" />
|opponents =
* {{flag|Israel}}
|status=|attacks =
}}
'''Brigade Izzuddin al-Qassam''' ({{lang-ar|كتائب الشهيد عز الدين القسام||Batalyon syahid Izzuddin al-Qassam}}; juga dieja '''Izzedine''' atau '''Ezzedeen Al-Qassam Brigades'''; sering disingkat '''Brigade Al-Qassam''',<ref name="About Us" /><ref name="AU" /> '''IQB'''<ref name=":0">"[https://ecfr.eu/special/mapping_palestinian_politics/izz_al_din_al_qassam_brigades/ Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades (IQB) – Hamas]." ''Mapping Palestinian Politics''. [[European Council on Foreign Relations]]. Retrieved 2021 May 20.</ref> atau '''EQB''') dinamai [[Izzuddin al-Qassam]], adalah sayap militer organisasi [[Nasionalisme Palestina|Palestina]] [[Hamas]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Al-Quds Brigades says it targets Israeli cities|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/al-quds-brigades-says-it-targets-israeli-cities/2236103|access-date=2021-05-20|website=www.aa.com.tr}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news|date=2021-05-13|title=Hamas: The Palestinian militant group that rules Gaza|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-13331522|access-date=2021-05-20}}</ref> Saat ini dipimpin oleh [[Mohammed Deif]] dan wakilnya, [[Marwan Issa]], IQB adalah kelompok terbesar dan terlengkap yang beroperasi di [[Jalur Gaza|Gaza]] saat ini.<ref name=":0" />
Didirikan pada pertengahan tahun 1991,<ref name="About Us">{{cite web|url=http://www.qassam.ps/aboutus.html |title=About Us |work=Al-Qassam Brigades Information Office |access-date=28 November 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141111223719/http://www.qassam.ps/aboutus.html |archive-date=11 November 2014 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> organisasi ini pada saat itu berkepentingan untuk menghalangi perundingan [[Perjanjian Oslo]].<ref>{{cite book |title=A history of the modern Middle East |last=Cleveland |first=William L. |year=1999 |publisher=Westview Press |isbn=978-0-8133-3489-9 |page=[https://archive.org/details/historyofmodernm00clev/page/494 494] |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofmodernm00clev |url-access=registration |access-date=8 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121231035019/https://archive.org/details/historyofmodernm00clev |archive-date=31 December 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.meforum.org/516/the-challenge-of-hamas-to-fatah|title=The Challenge of Hamas to Fatah|journal=The Middle East Quarterly|date=2003|access-date=3 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150110123029/http://www.meforum.org/516/the-challenge-of-hamas-to-fatah|archive-date=10 January 2015|url-status=live|last1=Schanzer|first1=Jonathan}}</ref> Dari tahun 1994 hingga 2000, Brigade Al-Qassam mengaku bertanggung jawab melakukan sejumlah serangan terhadap [[Bangsa Israel|warga Israel]].<ref name=":0" />
Pada awal [[Intifada Kedua]], kelompok ini menjadi sasaran utama [[Israel]]. Kekuatan kelompok tersebut dan kemampuannya untuk melakukan serangan yang kompleks dan mematikan mengejutkan banyak pengamat. Brigade Al-Qassam mengoperasikan beberapa sel di [[Tepi Barat]], namun sebagian besar dari mereka dihancurkan pada tahun 2004 menyusul sejumlah operasi [[Pasukan Pertahanan Israel]] (IDF) di wilayah tersebut.{{Citation needed|date=November 2008}} Sebaliknya, Hamas tetap mempertahankan kehadirannya yang kuat di [[Jalur Gaza]], secara umum dianggap sebagai benteng pertahanannya. [[Yahya Sinwar]], pemimpin politik Hamas di Jalur Gaza sejak Februari 2017, adalah pemimpin militer di Brigade di Gaza.<ref name="Beaumont">{{Cite news|last=Beaumont |first=Peter |title=Hamas elects hardliner Yahya Sinwar as its Gaza Strip chief |date=13 February 2017 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/feb/13/hamas-elects-hardliner-yahya-sinwar-as-its-gaza-strip-chief |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170213150750/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/feb/13/hamas-elects-hardliner-yahya-sinwar-as-its-gaza-strip-chief |archive-date=13 February 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Balousha">{{Cite news |last1=Balousha |first1=Hazam |last2=Booth |first2=William |date=13 February 2017 |title=Hamas names hard-liner as its new political leader in Gaza |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/hamas-names-hard-liner-as-its-new-political-leader-in-gaza-/2017/02/13/b4e31518-f1f6-11e6-9fb1-2d8f3fc9c0ed_story.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170213183423/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/hamas-names-hard-liner-as-its-new-political-leader-in-gaza-/2017/02/13/b4e31518-f1f6-11e6-9fb1-2d8f3fc9c0ed_story.html |archive-date=13 February 2017 |url-status=live |access-date=2 April 2018 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
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