Penutupan pemerintahan di Amerika Serikat: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
k →Pemerintah negara bagian: clean up |
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(7 revisi perantara oleh 6 pengguna tidak ditampilkan) | |||
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[[Berkas:POTUS-letter-20131001.pdf|
Dalam [[politik Amerika Serikat]], '''penutupan pemerintahan''' ({{lang-en|government shutdown}}) adalah situasi ketika [[Kongres Amerika Serikat|Kongres]] gagal menyepakati anggaran yang diperlukan untuk [[operasi pemerintahan]]. Biasanya pemerintah berhenti menyediakan semua layanan selain yang "penting" saja, namun karena Kongres harus mengesahkan semua pengeluaran pemerintah, tidak ada hukum yang melindungi layanan pemerintah apapun dari penutupan. Layanan federal boleh diteruskan untuk sementara setelah penutupan, termasuk [[National Weather Service]] dan lembaga induknya, layanan kesehatan di fasilitas federal, angkatan bersenjata, [[pengawasan lalu lintas udara]] (ATC), dan [[sistem penjara]].
Baris 24:
=== Pemerintah federal ===
Sejak 1976, pemerintah federal Amerika Serikat ditutup sebanyak
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! width="20"|Tahun !!
|-
| 1976 || {{sort|09-30
(61D-37R-2I) | |-
| 1977
(61D-38R-1I) | |-
| 1977
(61D-38R-1I) | |-
| 1977
(61D-38R-1I) | |-
| 1978 || {{sort|09-30
(61D-38R-1I) | |-
| 1979 || {{sort|09-30
(58D-41R-1I) | |-
|[[Penutupan pemerintahan federal Amerika Serikat 1980|1980]]
| 1981 || 20 Nov || 23 Nov || 2 ||{{Party shading/Republican}}|Reagan ||{{Party shading/Republican}}|Rep ||{{Party shading/Democratic}}|Dem || style="text-align:left;"|Presiden [[Ronald Reagan]] bersumpah akan memveto rancangan anggaran apapun yang meliputi pemangkasan anggaran dalam negeri sebesar separuh dari $8,4 miliar yang ia ajukan. Meski Senat yang dipimpin Republik menyetujui rancangan sesuai keinginannya, DPR yang dikuasai Demokrat memaksa agar anggaran pertahanan dipotong lebih besar daripada yang diinginkan Reagan dan gaji anggora kongres dan pegawai negeri dinaikkan. Rancangan anggaran yang disepakati lebih sedikit $2 miliar daripada usulan Reagan, sehingga Reagan memvetonya dan menutup pemerintahan federal. Rancangan sementara mengembalikan anggaran tersebut sampai 15 Desember dan memberikan Kongres waktu untuk mengajukan kesepakatan yang bisa bertahan lama.▼
|1 Mei
|1|| {{Tidak|Ya}}
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Carter
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Dem (58D-41R-1I)
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Dem
|style="text-align:left;" | Hanya [[Federal Trade Commission]] yang terdampak. Ini menandai pertama kalinya pelaksanaan penutupan lembaga federal berdasarkan penafsiran baru [[Antideficiency Act]] 1884.
|-
| 1981 || {{sort|11-20|20–23 Nov}} || 3 || {{Tidak|Ya}} ||{{Party shading/Republican}}| [[Ronald Reagan|Reagan]] ||{{Party shading/Republican}}|Rep
(53R-46D-1I)
▲|
|-
| 1982
(53R-46D-1I) | |-
| 1982{{hs|-12-17}} <br> (2) || {{sort|12-17|17–21 Des}} ||
(53R-46D-1I) | |-
| 1983 || {{sort|11-10|10–14 Nov}} ||
(54R-46D) | |-
| 1984 <br> (1) ||
(54R-46D) | |-
| 1984 <br> (2) ||
(54R-46D) | |-
| 1986 || {{sort|10-16|16–18 Okt}} ||
(53R-47D) | |-
| 1987 || {{sort|12-18|18–20 Des}} ||
(55D-45R) | |-
|
(55D-45R) | |-
| [[Penutupan pemerintahan federal Amerika Serikat
(53R-47D) | |-
| [[Penutupan pemerintahan federal Amerika Serikat
(53R-47D) | |-
| [[Penutupan pemerintahan federal Amerika Serikat 2013|2013]] || {{sort|10-13|1–17 Okt}} || 17 || {{Tidak|Ya}} ||{{Party shading/Democratic}}|[[Barack Obama|Obama]] ||{{Party shading/Democratic}}|Dem
(53D-45R-2I)
|
|-
|[[Penutupan pemerintahan federal Amerika Serikat Januari 2018|2018]] <br> (1) ||{{sort|01-20|20–<br />22 Jan}} || 3 || {{Tidak|Ya}}<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/01/19/us/politics/government-shutdown-employee-effects.html | title=What Will Happen if the Government Remains Shut Down| newspaper=The New York Times| date=January 19, 2018| last1=Parlapiano| first1=Alicia| last2=Yourish| first2=Karen}}</ref> ||{{Party shading/Republican}}|[[Donald Trump|Trump]] ||{{Party shading/Republican}}|Rep
(51R-47D-2I)
| {{Party shading/Republican}} |Rep || style="text-align:left;"|Demokrat ingin dana Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) dipertahankan.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Stolberg|first1=Sheryl Gay|last2=Kaplan|first2=Thomas|title=Trump and Senators Scramble to Avoid Midnight Government Shutdown|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/19/us/politics/senate-showdown-government-shutdown-trump.html|newspaper=The New York Times|accessdate=January 20, 2018|date=2018}}</ref> DPR mengesahkan RUU anggaran jangka pendek.<ref>{{cite web|title=Approves Short-Term Spending Bill – H.R.195: To amend title 44, United States Code, to...|url=https://projects.propublica.org/represent/votes/115/house/2/33|website=ProPublica|accessdate=January 20, 2018|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[Penutupan pemerintahan federal Amerika Serikat Januari 2018#Buntut|2018]] <br> (2) ||{{sort|02-09|9 Feb}} || 1 || {{Yes|Tidak}}<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/congress-passes-spending-bill-shutdown_us_5a7d6d6ce4b0c6726e11ffd1 | title=Congress Passes Massive Spending Deal, Ending Shutdown Before It Ever Really Started| newspaper=Huffington Post| date=February 9, 2018| last1=Fuller| first1=Matt| last2=Foley| first2=Elise}}</ref> ||{{Party shading/Republican}}|Trump ||{{Party shading/Republican}}|Rep
(51R-47D-2I)
| {{Party shading/Republican}} |Rep || style="text-align:left;"| Para pemimpin Senat menyepakati anggaran dua tahun.<ref>http://www.cnn.com/2018/02/07/politics/senate-announces-deal-budget-caps-agreement/index.html</ref> [[Sen. Rand Paul]] ([[Partai Republik (Amerika Serikat)|R]]-[[Kentucky|KY]]) menunda pemungutan suara Senat yang memaksa pemerintah tutup pada dini hari.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/08/us/politics/congress-budget-deal-vote.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=a-lede-package-region®ion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news | title=Trump Signs Budget Deal to Raise Spending and Reopen Government| newspaper=The New York Times| date=February 8, 2018| last1=Kaplan| first1=Thomas}}</ref> Penutupan berakhir sebelum hari kerja berikutnya dimulai.
|-
| rowspan = 2 | [[Penutupan pemerintahan federal Amerika Serikat 2018–2019|2018–19]] <br> (3) || rowspan = 2 | {{sort|12-22|22 Des–sekarang}}|| rowspan="2" |{{Hs|{{age in days|2018|12|21}}}}''({{age in days|2018|12|21}})'' ''berlangsung'' || rowspan = 2 {{Tidak|Ya}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Here's who the partial government shutdown affects|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/12/21/what-happens-if-government-shuts-down.html|website=CNBC|accessdate=December 24, 2018|language=en}}</ref> || rowspan = 2 {{Party shading/Republican}}|Trump ||{{Party shading/Republican}}|Rep
(51R-47D-2I)<ref group="note" name="before_jan3">Before Jan 3, 2019.</ref>
| {{Party shading/Republican}} |Rep<ref group="note" name="before_jan3"/> || rowspan = 2 style="text-align:left;"| Presiden Donald Trump menuntut RUU anggaran apapun menyertakan anggaran [[tembok Meksiko–Amerika Serikat|tembok perbatasan]]. Perundingan masih buntu.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.npr.org/2018/12/21/679073393/trump-warns-of-very-long-shutdown-unless-senate-approves-border-wall-funds | title=Government Shutdown Inevitable as Congress Adjourns Amid Border Wall Funding Impasse}}</ref> Penutupan dimulai saat rapat [[Kongres Amerika Serikat ke-115]] dan berlangsung sampai rapat [[Kongres Amerika Serikat ke-116]].
|-
| {{Party shading/Republican}}|Rep
▲| [[Penutupan pemerintahan federal Amerika Serikat 2013|2013]] || 1 Okt<!--The shutdown started on October 1, 2013 at 12:01 am--> || 17 Okt || 16 ||{{Party shading/Democratic}}|Obama ||{{Party shading/Democratic}}|Dem ||{{Party shading/Republican}}|Rep || style="text-align:left;"|Karena perselisihan soal pencantuman pasal pencabutan dana atau penundaan [[Affordable Care Act]],<ref>{{cite news|last=Curry|first=Tom|title=Chances of averting government shutdown appear slim|url=http://nbcpolitics.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/09/29/20743313-chances-of-averting-government-shutdown-appear-slim?lite|accessdate=1 October 2013|newspaper=NBC News|date=29 September 2013}}</ref> pemerintah belum mengesahkan rancangan anggaran. Negosiasi buntu dan penutupan sedang berlangsung.
(53R-45D-2I)<ref group="note" name="after_jan3">From Jan 3, 2019 onwards.</ref>
| {{Party shading/Democratic}}|Dem<ref group="note" name="after_jan3"/>
|}
Baris 78 ⟶ 138:
| 1991 || {{sort|07-02|Jul 2}} || {{sort|08-03|Aug 4}} || 34 || {{left}} {{flag|Pennsylvania}} || <ref name=day8/>
|-
| 2002 || {{sort|07-01|Jul 1}} || {{sort|07-03|Jul 3}} || {{sort|03|3}} || {{left}} {{flag|Tennessee}} ||
|last= Scheck|first=Tom |date=July 8, 2011 |publisher=Minnesota Public Radio}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/news/709084/posts|publisher=Free Republic|agency=Associated Press|title=Tennessee Government in Partial Shutdown|date=July 1, 2002}}</ref>
|-
| [[Penutupan pemerintahan negara bagian Minnesota 2005|2005]] || {{sort|07-01|Jul 1}} || {{sort|07-09|Jul 9}} || {{sort|09|9}} || {{left}} {{flag|Minnesota}} || <ref>{{cite journal | url=http://www.ombwatch.org/node/2491 | title=Minnesota Experiences Unprecedented Government Shutdown Due to a Budget Deadlock | date=July 11, 2005 | volume=6 | issue=14 | journal=OMB Watch | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110213111528/http://www.ombwatch.org/node/2491 | archivedate=February 13, 2011 | df=mdy-all }}</ref>
Baris 102 ⟶ 162:
|}
=== Pemerintah county ===
{{incomplete list|date=August 2014}}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
Baris 108 ⟶ 168:
! Tahun !! Mulai !! Selesai !! Durasi !! Lokasi !! class="unsortable" | Referensi
|-
| 2005 || {{sort|02-07|Feb 7}} || {{sort|02-07|Feb 7}} || 1 || {{flagicon image|Seal of Erie County, New York.png}} [[Erie County, New York|Erie County]], [[New York (state)|New York]] || <ref>{{cite web | title=Budget Mess Hits Cultural Groups | work=[[The Buffalo News]] | date=
|}
Baris 138 ⟶ 198:
== Pranala luar ==
* House Committee on Rules: [http://democrats.rules.house.gov/archives/98-844.pdf Government Report on Government Shutdowns] {{
* Congressional Research Service: [http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL34680.pdf Shutdown of the Federal Government: Causes, Processes, and Effects]
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