HMS Hood (51): Perbedaan antara revisi

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{{DISPLAYTITLE:HMS ''Hood'' (51)}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=[[Berkas:HMS Hood (51) - March 17, 1924.jpg|300px]]
|Ship caption=HMS ''Hood'' di Australia pada sebuah tur, 17 Maret 1924
}}
{{Infobox ship career
Baris 14 ⟶ 15:
|Ship launched=22 Agustus 1918
|Ship commissioned=15 Mei 1920
|Ship namesake=[[Samuel Hood, 1st Viscount Hood|AdmiralLaksamana Samuel Hood]]
|Ship in service= 1920–1941
|Ship identification=Nomor lambung: 51
Baris 21 ⟶ 22:
|Ship nickname=''The Mighty Hood''
|Ship notes=
|Ship badge=A [[Cornish Chough]] bearing an anchor facing left over the date 1859<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hmshood.com/admin/faq.htm#faq15|title=FAQ|publisher=HMS Hood Association|accessdate=21 September 2010|archive-date=2014-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006124028/http://www.hmshood.com/admin/faq.htm#faq15|dead-url=no}}</ref>
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
Baris 35 ⟶ 36:
|Ship complement=1919: 1.433<br />1934: 1.325
|Ship sensors=[[List of World War II British naval radar#Type 279|Type 279]] air-warning [[radar]]<br />[[List of World War II British naval radar#Type 284|Type 284]] gunnery radar
|Ship armament=''AsSaat builtjadi'':<br />
4 × 2&nbsp;– [[Meriam laut BL 1518 inch Mk I naval gun|BL 15-inch Mk I]] guns<br />12 × 1&nbsp;– [[Meriam laut BL 5.5 inch Mark I naval gun|BL 5.5-inch Mk I]] guns<br/>4 × 1&nbsp;– [[Meriam laut QF 4 inch Mk V naval gun|QF 4-inch Mark V]] [[Anti-aircraft warfare|anti-aircraft]] guns<br/>6 × [[British 21 inch torpedo|21-inch (533&nbsp;mm) torpedo]] tubes<br/>
''1941, as sunk'':<br/>
4 × 2&nbsp;– 15-inch (381&nbsp;mm) guns<br/>7 × 2&nbsp;– [[Meriam laut QF 4 inch Mk XVI naval gun|QF 4-inch Mk XVI]] AA guns<br />3 × 8&nbsp;– [[Meriam laut QF 2 -pounder naval gun|QF 2-pdr "pom pom"]] AA guns<br />5 × 4&nbsp;– [[Vickers .50 machine gun|0.5-inch Vickers machine guns]]<br />5 × 20-barrel "[[Unrotated Projectile]]" mounts <br />2 × 2&nbsp;– 21-inch above water [[torpedo tube]]s
|Ship armour=[[Sabuk]]: {{convert|12|-|6|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}<br/>[[Geladak]]: {{convert|0.75|-|3|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}<br /> [[Barbet]]: {{convert|12|-|5|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}<br/>[[Turet senjata]]: {{convert|15|-|11|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}<br />[[Menara pengawaspengontrol]]: {{convert|11|-|9|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}<br/>[[Bulkhead (partition)|Bulkheads]]: {{convert|4|-|5|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
|Ship aircraft=1 fittedbuah pada 1931–32<br/>1 [[katapel pesawat terbang]]
|Ship notes=
}}
|}
 
'''HMS ''Hood''''' (Nomor Lambung 51) merupakan {{sclass |Admiral|kapal penjelajah tempur|1}} yang merupakan kapal penjelajah tempur terakhir yang dibuat untuk [[Angkatan Laut Britania Raya|Royal Navy]]. Ditugaskan pada tahun 1920, ia dinamakan atas seorang laksamana pada abad ke-18, [[Samuel Hood]]. Desainya yang dibasiskan pada kapal setipe lainya pada akhir dekade 1910, direvisi untuk merefleksi pelajaran yang didapatkan atas tenggelamnya kapal-kapal sejenis pada [[Pertempuran Jutlandia]], seperti proteksi yang lebih kuat serta sistem kontrol banjir yang lebih maju. Revisi inilah yang membuatnya tetap dibangun, sedangkan kapal lain sekelasnya dibatalkan dikarenakan utang Britania Raya yang menumpuk setelah [[Perang Dunia I]] serta pembatasan pembangunan kapal oleh [[Traktat Angkatan Laut Washington]].
'''''HMS Hood''''' (51) merupakan [[kapal penjelajah tempur]] yang terakhir sekaligus merupakan kebanggaan [[Royal Navy]]. Dibuat pada tahun 1920,'''''Hood''''' Merupakan satu-satunya dari 4 [[kapal penjelajah tempur kelas Admiral]] yang dibuat dan adalah salah satu kapal perang terbesar, terberat dan terkuat di dunia.'''''Hood''''' mempunyai keterbatasan desain, yang terletak pada pelindung lapis baja (Armor).'''''Hood''''' tenggelam di [[Selat Denmark]], 24 Mei 1941, saat melawan {{ship|kapal tempur Jerman|Bismarck||2}}.
 
Meski pembaruan desainnya batal karena [[Perang Dunia II]] serta kemunculan kapal yang lebih modern, kapal yang berusia hampir 19 tahun ini tetap menjadi salah satu kapal terbaik di Angkatan Laut Britania Raya pada saat itu, sehingga dijuluki ''The Mighty Hood.'' Meriamnya yang akurat dan lebih efektif dari kapal lain, serta kecepatanya yang lebih tinggi membuat ia (bersama ''[[Renown]]'' dan ''[[Repulse]]'', nantinya dibarengi kapal perang [[Kapal Tempur Kelas George V|kelas ''King George V'']]) satu-satunya kapal tempur Britania Raya yang dapat mencegat kapal perang Jerman yang berusaha kabur ke Atlantik bila diletakkan di [[Scapa Flow]]. Alasan diatas beserta empati publik berkali-kali menyelamatkan ''Hood'' dari pensiun dan pembongkaran.
== Ciri-Ciri ==
== Karier ==
Ia melaksanakan beberapa misi latihan di Mediterania dan Atlantik pada masa antarperang, dan ditugaskan di Armada Mediterania yang berbasis di [[Alexandria, Mesir]] pada waktu [[Perang Saudara Spanyol]] dan [[Perang Italia-Etiopia Kedua|Invasi Italia atas Ethiopia]]. ''Hood'' juga dikenal pada [[Pemberontakan Invergordon]] sebagai salah satu pusat pemberontak.
 
Pada awal [[Perang Dunia II]] , ia sedang bertugas di daerah Islandia, melindungi konvoi suplai di Atlantik dari serangan kapal selam Jerman. Selama beberapa bulan Ia memburu beberapa kapal blokade dan perusak Jerman di antara [[Laut Utara|laut Norwegia dan Islandia]]. Setelah beberapa perbaikan pada mesinnya, ia dijadikan kapal komando armada ''Force H,'' dan berpartisipasi pada [[Serangan Mers-el-Kébir|penenggelaman armada Prancis di Mers El-Kebir]]. Ia lalu dipindahtugaskan ke [[Armada Atlantik]] di [[Scapa Flow|Scapa Flow, Skotlandia]]. Ia melanjutkan tugasnya seperti dulu, memburu kapal tempur Jerman yang menyelinap di [[Islandia]] .
Panjang:260 M
 
Pada Mei 1941, ia dan sebuah kapal tempur baru {{HMS|Prince of Wales|53|6}} beserta kapal penjelajah berat {{HMS|Norfolk|78|2}} & {{HMS|Suffolk|55|2}} ditugaskan untuk mencari kapal tempur baru milik Jerman {{ship|kapal tempur Jerman|Bismarck||2}} dan pengawalnya {{ship|kapal penjelajah Jerman|Prinz Eugen||2}} yang dikabarkan dalam perjalanan ke Samudera Atlantik untuk menyerang konvoi sekutu. Setelah beberapa hari tanpa hasil, ''Suffolk'' dan ''Norfolk'' mendeteksi dua kapal tak teridentifikasi dengan kecepatan tinggi. ''Suffolk'' segera menghubungi ''Hood'', dan mengikuti kedua kapal tersebut, meski diserang dengan tembakan meriam dan akhirnya kehilangan ''Bismarck.''
Berat:43.350 ton-46.862 ton
== Nasib ==
Pada pagi hari tanggal 24 Mei 1941, ''Hood'' dan ''Prince Of Wales'' akhirnya menemukan ''Bismarck''. [[Pertempuran Selat Denmark]] pun terjadi, dengan kedua pihak saling menembak satu sama lain. Beberapa menit kemudian, ''Hood'' dihujani peluru dari pihak musuh. Sejurus kemudian, muncul api yang menjulang bagaikan kembang api dari dek tengah, kemudian disusul ledakan keras yang mematahkan lambung kapal menjadi dua. ''Hood'' tenggelam setelah tiga menit, hanya menyisakan 3 orang selamat dari 1421 awak kapal.
 
Penyebab tenggelamnya ''Hood'' masih diperdebatkan sejarahwan hingga kini. Teori yang sering disetujui adalah peluru 15 inci dari ''Bismarck'' menembus dek diantara meriam X dan pendidih, dan meledakkan magazen belakang atau penyimpanan torpedo. Penemuan bangkai kapal pada tahun 2001 yang menunjukkan kehancuran total di antara cerobong dan buritan mengkonfirmasi teori ini. Namun, penyebab pasti tenggelamnya ''Hood'' antara ledakan magasin atau torpedo masih menjadi misteri.
Kecepatan:34 knot(1920) 28 knot (1941)
 
Jangkauan:9.780 km di 20 knot
 
Pelaut:2.000 orang
 
Senjata:2X BL 15 Inch BL I Gun 12X1 5.5 Inch gun (1920)
 
Armor:Tepi:6-12 Inch Dek:0,75-3 Inch Turret:15 Inch Menara pengontrol:11 Inch
 
Pihak [[Britania Raya]] sangat terpukul dengan tenggelamnya Hood. Perdana Menteri [[Winston Churchill]] segera mengerahkan semua kekuatan angkatan laut Britania Raya untuk memburu [[Bismarck]] . Pada tahun 2012, dengan bantuan sponsor salah satu pendiri Microsoft, [[Paul Allen]], lokasi reruntuhan Hood ditemukan<ref name="bell">{{cite news|title=Recovery of HMS ''Hood''{{'}}s ship's bell abandoned|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-hampshire-19479556|work=BBC News|access-date=6 January 2013|archive-date=17 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017122439/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-hampshire-19479556|url-status=live}}</ref> dan Lonceng kapal Hood bisa diangkat dari dasar lautan.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nmrn.org.uk/news-events/nmrn-blog/hood-bell-unveiling |title=''Hood'' Bell Unveiling |publisher=National Museum of the Royal Navy |access-date=27 December 2021 |archive-date=2022-05-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523001025/https://www.nmrn.org.uk/news-events/nmrn-blog/hood-bell-unveiling |dead-url=no }}</ref>
== Catatan ==
{{reflist|group=Note}}
Baris 69 ⟶ 67:
{{Reflist|2}}
 
== PustakaDaftar pustaka ==
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* {{Cite book|first=David|last=Mearns|author2=White, Rob|title=Hood and Bismarck: The Deep Sea Discovery of an Epic Battle|url=https://archive.org/details/hoodbismarck0000mear|publisher=Channel 4|location=London|year=2001|isbn=0-7522-2035-7}}
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== Pranala luar ==
<!--{{Portal|Battleships}}-->
{{Commons and category|HMS Hood (51)}}
* [http://www.hmshood.com/ HMS ''Hood'' Association] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050826082220/http://www.hmshood.com/denmarkstrait/index.html |date=2005-08-26 }}
** [http://www.hmshood.com/hoodtoday/2001expedition/index.htm HMS ''Hood'' Today&nbsp;– Wreck Overview] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100826014540/http://www.hmshood.com/hoodtoday/2001expedition/index.htm |date=2010-08-26 }} Description of the wreck state, and many annotated photographs.
** [http://www.hmshood.com/reference/written/books1.htm Books and Magazines] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516133754/http://www.hmshood.com/reference/written/books1.htm |date=2022-05-16 }}
** [http://www.hmshood.com/reference/records.htm Official Records Pertaining to HMS ''Hood''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170905055402/http://www.hmshood.com/reference/records.htm |date=2017-09-05 }}
** [http://www.hmshood.com/history/denmarkstrait/index.htm Battle of the Denmark Strait Documentation Resource] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220183458/http://www.hmshood.com/history/denmarkstrait/index.htm |date=2020-02-20 }}
* [http://www.pbs.org/hood/ Hunt for the Hood] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322204201/http://www.pbs.org/hood/ |date=2023-03-22 }} Includes colour photographs and a log of the expedition.
* [http://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/sitecore/content/home/about-the-royal-navy/organisation/life-in-the-royal-navy/history/historic-ships/hms-hood-1920 HMS ''Hood'' 1920] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20131018060342/http://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/sitecore/content/home/about-the-royal-navy/organisation/life-in-the-royal-navy/history/historic-ships/hms-hood-1920 |date=2013-10-18 }} Official Royal Navy page.
* [http://www.thesongoftheday.com/index.cgi?_d=083007 Battle of Denmark Strait] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929100428/http://www.thesongoftheday.com/index.cgi?_d=083007 |date=2007-09-29 }} A song tribute to the ''Hood''.
* [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/3140770/Ted-Briggs.html Obituary of Ted Briggs&nbsp;– last survivor] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230812142332/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/3140770/Ted-Briggs.html |date=2023-08-12 }}.
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/console/b00bdjh3 ''An Hour with Jon Pertwee''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628015329/http://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/console/b00bdjh3 |date=2011-06-28 }} Actor [[Jon Pertwee]] reminisces, including time serving on the ''Hood''&nbsp;– streaming audio
* [http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/80011489 Imperial War Museum Interview with survivor Robert Tilburn] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210626062555/http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/80011489 |date=2021-06-26 }}
{{kapal penjelajah tempur kelas Admiral}}
{{Authority control}}
 
[[Kategori:KapalInsiden perangmaritim Britaniatahun Raya1941]]
[[Kategori:Kapal tahun 1918]]